DOCSLIB.ORG

Designing out Terrorism in New York City How Counterterrorism Measures Influence People’S Perceptions of Safety and Space in New York City

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Designing out Terrorism in New York City How Counterterrorism Measures Influence People’S Perceptions of Safety and Space in New York City Designing out terrorism in New York City How counterterrorism measures influence people’s perceptions of safety and space in New York City Name: Daphne Hobelman Student number: 951215341050 Thesis supervisor: Bram J. Jansen Date: April 2019 MSc International Development Studies Sociology of Development and Change Disaster Studies Counterterrorism measures in New York City 1 Daphne Hobelman Acknowledgements I would like to thank my thesis supervisor dr. Bram J. Jansen for his scientific supervision and all the comments throughout the duration of this thesis. I would also like to thank my family, for their mental and emotional support throughout my stay in the United States of America – and for their positivity regarding this thesis. Especially Chris and Patrick, who made my fieldwork easier by flying over for one week. Finally, I would like to thank Jonathan for the wonderful walks and talks in New York City, and his emotional support throughout my stay. He pushed me to be very pro-active and positive, and urged me to “oil my own wheel”. This thesis would not have been possible without them. Daphne Hobelman All photos used in this thesis are made by the author unless stated otherwise. 2 Counterterrorism measures in New York City 3 Daphne Hobelman Executive summary This thesis research looks into the influence of counterterrorism measures on people’s perceptions of space and safety. Since the 9/11 attacks, all kinds of counterterrorism measures have been implemented in urban spaces. As European cities are implementing counterterrorism measures as well, it is interesting and useful to look at experiences of people in New York City with the counterterrorism measures implemented there, as they have been around for a while. As such, it is possible to ask people about their experiences with these measures and how these experiences and their perceptions have changed over time. To understand their influence on people’s daily lives, this research looks at counterterrorism measures in three different locations in New York City: the World Trade Centre, Times Square and the Staten Island Ferry. This research will use theories of securitisation and Lefebvre’s spatial triad to understand these influences better. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with New Yorkers who have been living in the city for their whole lives, and mini-interviews were conducted in the three different research locations with passers-by, whether tourists or locals. In these interviews, material structures, texts and documents were analysed as well. Next to interviews, (participant) observation was used to understand the processes in urban spaces better, and to see how people interact with the counterterrorism measures. The most important finding of this research is that counterterrorism measures do impact space and people’s perceptions of safety, and this influence can be both positive or negative. While it was expected that people felt more afraid and nervous due to the counterterrorism measures installed in the research locations, most respondents claimed to feel safer. Their explanations included their perception of counterterrorism measures being able to stop attacks, and to prevent them as they are deterrents for possible terrorists. However, not all research participants felt safer. Some respondents expressed concerns regarding obtrusive counterterrorism measures, such as bollards and heavily-armed police officers, and they preferred less obtrusive measures. Urban planners and security experts should understand the relationships between counterterrorism measures and space and safety better before implementing them. It is their task to find a midway between overt and covert counterterrorism measures, while keeping aesthetics and the openness of urban space in mind. 4 Counterterrorism measures in New York City Table of contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 8 1.1 Research questions ......................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Research locations .......................................................................................................... 12 1.2.1 The World Trade Centre .......................................................................................... 12 1.2.2 The Staten Island Ferry ............................................................................................ 13 1.2.3 Times square ............................................................................................................ 13 1.3 Theoretical framework ................................................................................................... 13 1.4 Societal relevance of this research ................................................................................. 15 1.5 Outline of the thesis ........................................................................................................ 16 2. Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 18 2.1 Data collection methods ................................................................................................. 18 2.2 Research participants ...................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Access ............................................................................................................................. 21 3. Counterterrorism measures and people’s responses ............................................................. 22 3.1 Securitisation .................................................................................................................. 22 3.2 The rise of counterterrorism measures in New York City ............................................. 24 3.2.1 The securitisation of terrorism after the 9/11 attacks ............................................... 24 3.2.2 The securitisation of space ....................................................................................... 27 3.3 Acceptance of the counterterrorism measures in New York City .................................. 33 3.3.1 Context ..................................................................................................................... 33 3.3.2 Visualisations and hashtags: the role of the (social) media ..................................... 37 3.3.3 Politicians ................................................................................................................. 41 3.4 The ‘new normal’: normalisation of counterterrorism measures ................................... 43 3.5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 46 4. The impact of counterterrorism measures on urban space in New York City ..................... 48 4.1 The designing out of terrorism in urban space ............................................................... 49 4.1.1. Obtrusive counterterrorism measures ..................................................................... 49 4.1.2. Unobtrusive counterterrorism measures ................................................................. 53 4.2 Urban space in New York City and Lefebvre’s spatial triad ......................................... 56 4.2.1 Representations of space .......................................................................................... 57 4.2.2 Spatial practices ....................................................................................................... 60 4.2.3 Representational space ............................................................................................. 66 5 Daphne Hobelman 4.3 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 70 5. Counterterrorism measures’ influence on people’s feelings of safety ................................. 72 5.1 Vulnerabilities in the research locations ........................................................................ 73 5.2 Feeling safer due to the counterterrorism measures ....................................................... 75 5.2.1 Feeling safer by believing counterterrorism measures can stop attacks .................. 76 5.2.2 Respondents believe counterterrorism measures prevent attacks ............................ 77 5.2.3 Counterterrorism measures reduce respondents’ anxiety ........................................ 79 5.3 Counterterrorism measures: causing anxiety ................................................................. 80 5.3.1 Counterterrorism measures are directly linked to terrorism .................................... 80 5.3.2 Feeling intimidated by counterterrorism measures .................................................. 82 5.3.3 Believing counterterrorism measures are not working ............................................ 83 5.4 Counterterrorism: the paradox ....................................................................................... 84 5.5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 85 6. Conclusion and discussion ................................................................................................... 88 6.1 Conclusion .....................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PERSPECTIVES on TERRORISM Volume 11, Issue 5
    ISSN 2334-3745 Volume V, Issue 5 October 2017 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 11, Issue 5 Table of Contents Welcome from the Editors......................................................................................................1 Articles Countering Violent Extremism in Prisons: A Review of Key Recent Research and Critical Research Gaps.........................................................................................................................2 by Andrew Silke and Tinka Veldhuis The New Crusaders: Contemporary Extreme Right Symbolism and Rhetoric..................12 by Ariel Koch Exploring the Continuum of Lethality: Militant Islamists’ Targeting Preferences in Europe....................................................................................................................................24 by Cato Hemmingby Research Notes On and Off the Radar: Tactical and Strategic Responses to Screening Known Potential Terrorist Attackers................................................................................................................41 by Thomas Quiggin Resources Terrorism Bookshelf.............................................................................................................50 Capsule Reviews by Joshua Sinai Bibliography: Terrorist Organizations: Cells, Networks, Affiliations, Splits......................67 Compiled and selected by Judith Tinnes Bibliography: Life Cycles of Terrorism..............................................................................107 Compiled and selected by Judith
    [Show full text]
  • New Year's Eve Ball Test at 1 Times Square
    FROM: TIMES SQUARE NEW YEAR’S EVE Rubenstein Nancy Haberman, [email protected] or (O) 212-843-8021, (C) 917-881-0635 Media Advisory One Day Until New Year’s Eve New Year’s Eve Ball Tested Before Official Times Square Celebration In final preparation for New Year’s Eve, the iconic Times Square New Year’s Eve Ball will be illuminated and sent up the 130-foot pole atop One Times Square on Wednesday, December 30th from noon to 2:00 p.m. Due to COVID restrictions, viewing times will be staggered for media, between 12:00 PM ET and 2:00 PM ET. Press must RSVP in advance to receive a specific call time. Check-in will take place outside on Broadway between 42nd and 43rd Streets. Event co-organizers Tim Tompkins, President of the Times Square Alliance, Jeffrey Straus, President of Countdown Entertainment, and Michael Phillips, President of Jamestown, will flip the giant switch to initiate the spectacular, kaleidoscope lighting effects, illuminated by 32,256 energy efficient LEDs and enhanced by 2,688 Waterford Crystal triangles. The Ball is capable of displaying a palette of more than 16 million vibrant colors and billions of patterns that creates the spectacular kaleidoscope effect atop One Times Square. For more information about Times Square New Year’s Eve, please visit TimesSquareNYC.org/NewYearsEve. *The media opportunity will follow strict social distancing parameters. Attending media must wear masks. WHAT: New Year’s Eve Ball Test WHEN: Wednesday, December 30 Viewing opportunities to be assigned, beginning at 12:00 PM ET. WHERE: Atop One Times Square / 42nd Street and Broadway Enter on Broadway between 42nd and 43rd Streets RSVP: Press MUST RSVP in advance to [email protected] Once media has RSVP’d, they will be given a specific timeframe in which to arrive and view the Ball Test.
    [Show full text]
  • Jy Grandmark Holdings Limited 景業名邦集團控股有限公司 （於開曼群島註冊成立的有限公司） （股份代號：2231）
    香港交易及結算所有限公司及香港聯合交易所有限公司（「聯交所」）對本公告的內容概不負責， 對其準確性或完整性亦不發表任何聲明，並明確表示概不就因本公告全部或任何部分內容而產 生或因依賴該等內容而引致的任何損失承擔任何責任。 本公告及當中所述的上市文件根據聯交所證券上市規則的規定僅供參考，並非在美國或任何其 他司法權區（在該等司法權區，要約、招攬或出售在根據任何有關司法權區的證券法律進行登 記或獲得資格前屬違法）出售任何證券的要約或招攬購買任何證券的要約。本公告及當中任何 文件（包括上市文件）概不構成任何合約或承諾的依據。本公告所述證券並無亦將不會根據1933 年美國證券法（經修訂）登記，且概不可於未有登記或未有獲得適用登記豁免的情況下在美國提 呈發售或出售。任何於美國進行的證券公開發售將須以招股章程形式作出。有關招股章程將載 有有關本公司及管理層的詳盡資料以及財務報表。本公司將不會於美國進行證券公開發售。 為免生疑問，刊發本公告及當中所述的上市文件，就香港法例第32章《公司（清盤及雜項條文） 條例》而言，不得被視為根據景業名邦集團控股有限公司（「本公司」）或其代表所刊發的招股章 程而作出的證券要約，以及就香港法例第571章《證券及期貨條例》而言，亦不構成載有請公眾 訂立或要約訂立協議以取得、處置、認購或包銷證券的廣告、邀請或文件。 JY GRANDMARK HOLDINGS LIMITED 景業名邦集團控股有限公司 （於開曼群島註冊成立的有限公司） （股份代號：2231） 於2022年到期金額為155,000,000美元的7.5厘優先票據 （「票據」，股份代號：40593） 刊發資料備忘錄 本公告乃根據香港聯合交易所有限公司（「聯交所」）證券上市規則（「上市規則」） 第37.39A條的規定而刊發。 請參閱附載於本公告內日期為2021年2月2日有關發行票據的資料備忘錄（「資料備 忘錄」）。誠如資料備忘錄中披露，票據乃擬定僅供專業投資者（定義見上市規則 第三十七章）購買，並將按此基準在聯交所上市。因此，本公司確認，票據並不 適宜作為香港散戶的投資。投資者務應審慎考慮所涉及的風險。 資料備忘錄並不構成向任何司法權區的公眾提呈出售任何證券的招股章程、通 告、通函、冊子或廣告，亦並非向公眾發出邀請以作出認購或購買任何證券的要 約，且不被視為邀請公眾作出認購或購買任何證券的要約。 1 資料備忘錄不得被視為認購或購買本公司任何證券的勸誘，亦並非擬作有關勸 誘。請勿根據資料備忘錄所載的資料作出任何投資決定。 承董事會命 景業名邦集團控股有限公司 主席 陳思銘 香港，2021年2月9日 於本公告日期，董事會包括執行董事陳思銘先生、劉華錫先生、Zheng Catherine Wei Hong女士、吳新平先生、薛雙有先生及韋妙嫦女士，獨立非執行董事馬清楠 先生，CStJ、J.P.、梁翔先生及胡偉亮先生。 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE THIS OFFERING IS AVAILABLE ONLY TO INVESTORS WHO ARE OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES IMPORTANT: You must read the following before continuing. The following disclaimer applies to the attached document following this page, and you are therefore advised to read this carefully before reading, accessing or making any other use of the attached
    [Show full text]
  • August 25, 2021 NEW YORK FORWARD/REOPENING
    September 24, 2021 NEW YORK FORWARD/REOPENING GUIDANCE & INFORMATIONi FEDERAL UPDATES: • On August 3, 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued an extension of the nationwide residential eviction pause in areas experiencing substantial and high levels of community transmission levels of SARS-CoV-2, which is aligned with the mask order. The moratorium order, that expires on October 3, 2021, allows additional time for rent relief to reach renters and to further increase vaccination rates. See: Press Release ; Signed Order • On July 27, 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated its guidance for mask wearing in public indoor settings for fully vaccinated people in areas where coronavirus transmission is high, in response to the spread of the Delta Variant. The CDC also included a recommendation for fully vaccinated people who have a known exposure to someone with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 to be tested 3-5 days after exposure, and to wear a mask in public indoor settings for 14 days or until they receive a negative test result. Further, the CDC recommends universal indoor masking for all teachers, staff, students, and visitors to schools, regardless of vaccination status See: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019- ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html • The CDC on Thursday, June 24, 2021 announced a one-month extension to its nationwide pause on evictions that was executed in response to the pandemic. The moratorium that was scheduled to expire on June 30, 2021 is now extended through July 31, 2021 and this is intended to be the final extension of the moratorium.
    [Show full text]
  • 216 41 Cooper Square 89 Abyssinian Baptist Church 165 Alimentation 63
    216 index 41 Cooper Square 89 Angel’s Share 92 The Half King Bar & Attaboy 56 Restaurant 83 A Bar 54 127 The Vig Bar 63 Bar Veloce 93 Verlaine 57 Abyssinian Baptist Bembe 173 White Horse Tavern 74 Church 165 Bemelmans Bar 147 Baseball 206 Alimentation 63, 75, 84, Blind Tiger Ale House 73 Basketball 206 93, 102, 157 d.b.a. East Village 93 Bateau 197 American Museum of Dos Caminos 102 Battery Maritime Natural History 153 Gallow Green 83 Building 46 Apollo Theater 164 Great Hall Balcony Bar 147 Battery Park 46 Appartements 184 Henrietta Hudson 74 Hudson Common 128 Battery Park City 41 Appellate Division Hudson Malone 118 Beacon Theatre 156 Courthouse of the New Jake’s Dilemma 156 York State Supreme Bedford Avenue 171 La Birreria 102 Belvedere Castle 136 Court 95 Le Bain 83 Bethesda Fountain & Argent 199 Library Bar 128 Terrace 135 Astoria 175 McSorley’s Old Ale Astor Place 88 House 93 Bijouteries 119 Auberges de Paddy Reilly’s Music Birdland 128 jeunesse 185 Bar 102 Blue Note 74 Paris Café 40 Boerum Hill 171 Autocar 183 Pegu Club 63 Bow Bridge 136 Avery Architectural & Please Don’t Tell 93 Fine Arts Library 162 Roof Garden Café and Bowery Ballroom 57 Avion 180 Martini Bar 147 British Empire Sake Bar Decibel 93 Building 109 B Schiller’s Liquor Bar 57 Broadway 120 Shalel Lounge 156 Bronx 176 Banques 199 Sky Terrace 128 Bronx Zoo 177 Bars et boîtes S.O.B.’s 63 Brookfield Place 42 de nuit 200 The Brooklyn Barge 173 68 Jay Street Bar 173 The Dead Rabbit Grocery Brooklyn 168 Abbey Pub 156 and Grog 40 Brooklyn Botanic Aldo Sohm Wine Bar 127 The
    [Show full text]
  • School of Journalism and Mass Communications, Master of Arts in Digital Media, Communication and Journalism
    ISIS & NEW MEDIA SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATIONS, MASTER OF ARTS IN DIGITAL MEDIA, COMMUNICATION AND JOURNALISM DISSERTATION Modern Terrorism: The Media Representation of ISIS’s Terrorist Activity within 2015- 2016 Papaioakeim Marianthi Supervisor: VamvakasVassilis Assistant Professor Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 2017 1 ISIS & NEW MEDIA Table of contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Chapter 1. Retrospection of Terrorism ...................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Definitions of Terrorism .................................................................................................................. 6 1.2 A historical Overview ...................................................................................................................... 8 1.2.1 Origins of Terrorism ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.2.2 Waves of Modern Terrorism ........................................................................................................ 9 1.3 Influential Terrorist Groups ............................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 2. The Predominant Terrorist Group ISIS: The activity of ISIS within 2015-2016 ................... 13 2.1 Paris Attacks .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • JIHADIST TERRORISM 17 YEARS AFTER 9/11 a Threat Assessment
    PETER BERGEN AND DAVID STERMAN JIHADIST TERRORISM 17 YEARS AFTER 9/11 A Threat Assessment SEPTEMBER 2018 About the Author(s) Acknowledgments Peter Bergen is a journalist, documentary producer, The authors would like to thank Wesley Je�eries, John vice president for global studies & fellows at New Luebke, Melissa Salyk-Virk, Daiva Scovil, and Tala Al- America, CNN national security analyst, professor of Shabboot for their research support on this paper. The practice at Arizona State University where he co- authors also thank Alyssa Sims and Albert Ford, who directs the Center on the Future of War, and the co-authored the previous year’s assessment which author or editor of seven books, three of which were forms the basis of much of this report. New York Times bestsellers and four of which were named among the best non-�ction books of the year by The Washington Post. David Sterman is a senior policy analyst at New America and holds a master's degree from Georgetown’s Center for Security Studies. About New America We are dedicated to renewing America by continuing the quest to realize our nation’s highest ideals, honestly confronting the challenges caused by rapid technological and social change, and seizing the opportunities those changes create. About International Security The International Security program aims to provide evidence-based analysis of some of the thorniest questions facing American policymakers and the public. We are focused on South Asia and the Middle East, extremist groups such as ISIS, al Qaeda and allied groups, the proliferation of drones, homeland security, and the activities of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorism As a Cycle of Violence
    Terrorism as a cycle of violence A critical discourse analysis of the ‘Orwellian’ response by the French state to the Paris attacks Source: Pancho, in Council of Europe 2017 Laura van den Vrijhoef S4066014 25 July 2017 Master thesis: final version Supervisor: prof. dr. Henk van Houtum Conflicts, Territories and Identities Radboud University Nijmegen Word count: 36.029 words 1 Executive summary This thesis investigates how the French state has responded to the Paris attacks, both in terms of discourse and policy making. It makes clear that the French state’s discourse on terrorism promotes a repressive response of military and security measures, which contributes to a cycle of aggression (Bueno Lacy et al., 17 June 2016) on the international level, and a cycle of radicalization (Adida et al., 14 January 2015) on the national level. While these measures are implemented with the intention of protecting France against future attacks, they seem to be contributing to the maintenance of the terrorist threat (Van Houtum & Bueno Lacy 2017). As a result, the French state’s approach to terrorism implies a disproportionate exertion of state power, which has sincere consequences for people’s lives. While the French state aims to defend human rights, it is violating them in a disproportionate way, both in war zones and at home (Amnesty International, 4 February 2016; Unicef, 15 March 2014; World Vision, 1 March 2016; Amnesty International, 26 October 2016a; Amnesty International, 26 October 2016b, Airwars, 17 January 2017). 2 Acknowledgements Nijmegen, 20 July 2017 This master thesis is written as part of the master specialization Conflicts, Territories and Identities, a combined master program of Human Geography and the Centre for Conflict Analysis and Management (CICAM) at the Radboud University in Nijmegen.
    [Show full text]
  • DOCTOR of PHILOSOPHY Government Communication And
    DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Government Communication and Terrorist Organizations: Towards a Concept of “Crisis Communication” in reaction to 21st Century Islamic Terrorist Attacks for Western Governments Hamm, Dominik Award date: 2019 Awarding institution: Queen's University Belfast Link to publication Terms of use All those accessing thesis content in Queen’s University Belfast Research Portal are subject to the following terms and conditions of use • Copyright is subject to the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988, or as modified by any successor legislation • Copyright and moral rights for thesis content are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners • A copy of a thesis may be downloaded for personal non-commercial research/study without the need for permission or charge • Distribution or reproduction of thesis content in any format is not permitted without the permission of the copyright holder • When citing this work, full bibliographic details should be supplied, including the author, title, awarding institution and date of thesis Take down policy A thesis can be removed from the Research Portal if there has been a breach of copyright, or a similarly robust reason. If you believe this document breaches copyright, or there is sufficient cause to take down, please contact us, citing details. Email: [email protected] Supplementary materials Where possible, we endeavour to provide supplementary materials to theses. This may include video, audio and other types of files. We endeavour to capture all content and upload as part of the Pure record for each thesis. Note, it may not be possible in all instances to convert analogue formats to usable digital formats for some supplementary materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Bright Lights, Blighted City: Urban Renewal at the Crossroads of the World
    National Library Bibliothèque nationale of Canada du Canada ••• Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions el BibliogrAphie Services Branch des services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. lue Welllngion Ol1awa, OI1lariO onawa (Onlario) K1AON4 K1AON4 NOTICE AVIS The quality of this microform is La qualité de cette microforme heavily dependent upon the dépend grandement de la qualité quality of the original thesis de la thèse soumise au submitted for microfilming. microfilmage. Nous avons tout Every effort has been made to fait pour assurer une qualité ensure the highest quality of supérieure de reproduction. reproduction possible. If pages are missing, contact the S'il manque des pages, veuillez university which granted the communiquer avec l'université degree. qui a conféré le grade. Sorne pages may have indistinct La qualité d'impression de print especially if the original certaines pages peut laisser à pages were typed with a poor désirer, surtout si les pages typewriter ribbon or if the originales ont été university sent us an inferior dactylographiées à l'aide d'un photocopy. ruban usé ou si l'université nous a fait parvenir une photocopie de qualité inférieure. Reproduction in full or in part of La reproduction, même partielle, this microform is governed by de cette microforme est soumise the Canadian Copyright Act, à la Loi canadienne sur le droit R.S.C. 1970, c. C-30, and d'auteur, SRC 1970, c. C-30, et subsequent amendments. ses amendements subséquents. Canada VOji.lilH'lI Filipcel'ic • Graduale Program in Communications McGill University, Montreal Bright Lights. Blighted Ciry: Urban Rellewal at the Crossroads ofthe World A thesis submÏlted ID the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research :n partial fullilment of the requiremcnL<; for the degree of Master of Ans.
    [Show full text]
  • The Virtual Entrepreneurs of the Islamic State
    Combating Terrorism Center at West Point Objective • Relevant • Rigorous | March 2017 • Volume 10, Issue 3 FEATURE ARTICLE FEATURE ANALYSIS The Virtual Entrepreneurs The Islamic of the Islamic State State’s War on How the group’s virtual planners threaten the United States Turkey Seamus Hughes and Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens Ahmet S. Yayla FEATURE ARTICLE 1 The Threat to the United States from the Islamic State’s Virtual Editor in Chief Entrepreneurs Paul Cruickshank Seamus Hughes and Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens Managing Editor FEATURE ANALYSIS Kristina Hummel 9 The Reina Nightclub Attack and the Islamic State Threat to Turkey Ahmet S. Yayla EDITORIAL BOARD Colonel Suzanne Nielsen, Ph.D. ANALYSIS Department Head Dept. of Social Sciences (West Point) 17 The German Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq: The Updated Data and its Implications Lieutenant Colonel Bryan Price, Ph.D. Daniel H. Heinke Director, CTC 23 Australian Jihadism in the Age of the Islamic State Brian Dodwell Andrew Zammit Deputy Director, CTC 31 The Taliban Stones Commission and the Insurgent Windfall from Illegal Mining Matthew C. DuPée CONTACT Combating Terrorism Center U.S. Military Academy In our feature article, Seamus Hughes and Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens 607 Cullum Road, Lincoln Hall focus on the threat to the United States from the Islamic State’s “virtual entrepreneurs” who have been using social media and encryption applica- West Point, NY 10996 tions to recruit and correspond with sympathizers in the West, encouraging and directing them to Phone: (845) 938-8495 engage in terrorist activity. They find that since 2014, contact with a virtual entrepreneur has been a Email: [email protected] feature of eight terrorist plots in the United States, involving 13 individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Operations
    Land Operations Land Warfare Development Centre Army Doctrine Publication AC 71940 HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS & CONDITIONS OF RELEASE COPYRIGHT This publication is British Ministry of Defence Crown copyright. Material and information contained in this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system and transmitted for MOD use only, except where authority for use by other organisations or individuals has been authorised by a Patent Officer of the Defence Intellectual Property Rights whose details appear below. Crown copyright and Merchandise Licensing, Defence Intellectual Property rights, Central Legal Services, MOD Abbeywood South, Poplar 2 #2214, Bristol BS34 8JH, Email: [email protected] STATUS This publication has been produced under the direction and authority of the Chief of the General Staff by ACOS Warfare branch in his capacity as sponsor of Army Doctrine. It is the individual’s responsibility to ensure that he or she is using the latest version of this publication. If in doubt the individual should contact the Warfare Branch of HQ Field Army (details below). The contents constitute mandatory regulations or an MOD Approved Code of Practice (ACOP) and provide clear military information concerning the most up to date experience and best practice available for commanders and troops to use for operations and training. To avoid criminal liability and prosecution for a breach of health and safety law, you must follow the relevant provisions of the ACOP. Breaches or omissions could result in disciplinary action under the provisions of the Armed Forces Act. DISTRIBUTION As directed by ACOS Warfare. CONTACT DETAILS Suggestions for change or queries are welcomed and should be sent to Warfare Branch Editor, Headquarters Field Army, Land Warfare Development Centre, Imber Road, Warminster BA12 0DJ | i Foreword CGS Foreword to ADP Land Operations ADP Land Operations is the British Army’s core doctrine.
    [Show full text]