DOCSLIB.ORG

TNMOC-Newsletter-Q1-2015.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TNMOC-Newsletter-Q1-2015.Pdf InSync Members’ News TNMoC will be hosting a Members’ Open Day on Saturday 28th March 2015, 10:00am for 10:30am. This is your opportunity to share your ideas regarding the future of the membership programme. Important changes are afoot both in the museum and in the Members’ organisation. We want you to be amongst the first to hear about them. In particular, we are keen to consult more with Members and to enable you to become more involved in the Museum. We’d like to share our plans with you during the open day and hear your views, so we hope that you will be able to attend. The programme for the day will include an exclusive, in-depth look at the Cambridge University EDSAC reconstruction. If you’ve been to the museum recently you’ll have seen that the project is progressing very well. Members of the EDSAC team will be there to tell you all about it. Volunteers and the Museum’s management team will be on hand to chat with Members about the museum and its ever-changing range of exhibits. If there is sufficient interest we will arrange one or more specialist guided tours for Members. Full details will be sent to you nearer the time. If you have any questions you are invited to contact John Linford at [email protected]. In the meantime, please put the Open Day in your diary. We look forward to seeing you! Connecting with the Museum of Computing Keep up to date with the latest information from the museum by visiting our various social media and website presences. The handy QR codes below will connect you to our website, Twitter, Facebook, Google Plus, Flickr and YouTube sources. If you are reading this newsletter on a computer or tablet device, then you can tap on the QR codes below or if you are reading a printed version, then scan these codes with a QR reader on a smart phone or tablet device. QR scanners are readily available from app stores (iTunes, Google Play, Windows phone stores). Just search for and install a free QR code reader to start using these codes. TNMOC also has an iPhone navigation app that is a great introduction to the experiences in store when visiting the museum. TNMOC newsletter 2 Q1 2015 Members’ Club—a prospectus Dear TNMoC member, When I joined TNMoC as a member about a year ago, I had no real thoughts about what it meant beyond the wish to support the museum in a practical way. It soon became apparent that there was little in the way of member interaction. At the Members’ Day in March 2014 I was amazed to discover that we numbered just a few hundred. Since then I have been working with the museum staff to find ways to improve what we offer in return for membership and I am now delighted to be able to announce that we will be forming a members’ club. The club will be self-supporting and will have a very close, well-defined relationship with the museum. It will have two principal objectives: Substantial growth in numbers, to provide an increasing revenue to help develop the museum Providing a range of events, activities and benefits for club members. My feeling is that the membership represents a huge resource whose potential has not been realised. It is the club’s intention to foster membership interaction and participation. We are a diverse community and physical meetings are not always practical, but we will have various forms of on-line interaction through forums etc. We also want to improve the way the membership interacts with the museum, so that members can offer to assist in other ways if they wish. We will be running a club Members’ Open Day on 28th March 2015. It will be an opportunity to find out more about our plans and to get an insider’s view of what’s going on at the museum. We would be delighted to see you there. I mentioned on-line interaction. It is our intention to explore how best to provide this interactive environment but that will take time. Meanwhile, I am pleased to announce that we have set up a Yahoo! Group, which I very strongly encourage you to join. The Group will enable us to communicate with one-another and help us to be more informed about the museum and better engaged. The Yahoo Group is at https://uk.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/tnmocmembers/info. You can join the Group from the web site or by sending an e-mail to [email protected]. As this is a private group for members only, you will then receive an e-mail asking you for your membership details. I will approve member applications as soon as I can, usually with 24 hours. Everyone at the museum, from the trustees to the volunteers, is enthusiastic about this plan for a members’ club. I hope you share this enthusiasm and look forward to your participation. Kind regards, John Linford TNMoC member 1234 We would love to hear from you if you have any stories for the newsletter.. They can be technical, personal or just observational in nature. You can contact us by email at: [email protected] to discuss your ideas or by regular post to: InSync Editor, The National Museum of Computing, Block H, Bletchley Park, Milton Keynes, MK3 6EB TNMOC newsletter Q1 2015 3 News desk DSAC Project Chairman and very rare original part of he sounds and ecology of 70 entrepreneur, Hermann EDSAC, one of the world’s years of computing is the focus EHauser, officially opened the Afirst computers, has Tof a new Arts Council funded EDSAC display at TNMOC and, as resurfaced in the USA .The part, a project at TNMOC. The public will be key reconstructed parts of one of the chassis (1A) designed to hold 28 of able to listen as the project unfolds. most influential computers ever built the 3000 EDSAC valves, has been Later in the year a series of were commissioned, the sights, donated to the EDSAC team at extraordinary new musical sounds, heat and sheer size of early TNMOC, where the ongoing compositions will be published. 1940s computing were brought to reconstruction of EDSAC, originally The Imitation Archive is being life. built in Cambridge in the late produced by award-winning sound 1940s, is on display. The artist and composer Matt Parker. He At the official opening of the exhibit, reconstruction is expected to be will produce a permanent sound Bill Purvis showed how a program completed later in 2015 and is archive of the restored and would be input before the advent of already a very popular exhibit recreated working machines at the keyboards and how the result would especially amongst the many Museum. The archive, the first of its be output before screens became educational groups that visit the kind, will represent the phenomenal commonplace. Peter Linnington Museum. revealed how, delay lines were used progress of computing over the past as stores. As the climax, Chris The EDSAC Chassis part is said to 70 years. The archive will be made Burton switched on the EDSAC have been acquired at some sort of available to visitors at the museum clock, the machine’s beating heart. auction of EDSAC parts in as well as through The British Cambridge in the 1950s when the Library Sound Archive ensuring the The three-year project is on computer was decommissioned. global dissemination of the hugely schedule to complete in late 2015. significant working heritage Computer historian Martin Campbell Andrew Herbert, leader of the machines at the Museum. -Kelly revealed plans for young EDSAC reconstruction project said: people run their own programs on “Details of the ‘auction’ are unclear, Once recorded and archived, Matt the reconstructed machine. but there is a possibility that other will use the audio material to create parts of the original EDSAC still a series of interlinked musical EDSAC Project leader, Andrew exist and could even be in the compositions that will reflect the Herbert, said: “We are incredibly Cambridge area stored away in development of computing from the fortunate to have a volunteer team lofts, garden sheds and garages. code-breaking Colossus computer with a rare skill set, including We would very much like to hear up to the present day. Machines that students of the original computer from anyone who thinks they may are expected to be recorded include pioneers and members of the last have other parts.” the wartime Robinson and Tunny generation to be trained in the use of code breaking equipment, the thermionic valves. The team doesn’t The part has been donated by world’s oldest original working digital have blueprints to follow, so we Robert Little, from Allentown, computer the Harwell Dekatron / have to adopt a 1940’s mindset to re Pennsylvania, USA, after he read WITCH, the large systems of the -engineer and redesign the about the EDSAC reconstruction 1960s and mainframes. machine.” project. He obtained the part in 1969 from Dr Robert E Clark, who Sneak previews of the work are Doron Swade, co-founder of the at that time lived in Cambridge. available on the TNMOC website Computer Conservation Society Earlier Dr Clark had bought three www.tnmoc.org, and the Museum’s said: “EDSAC provided, for the first or four EDSAC racks intending to social media accounts. Matt will talk time, reliable computing capability convert them into bookshelves. The about the project at TNMOC on for scientists.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Helios Operating System
    The Helios Operating System PERIHELION SOFTWARE LTD May 1991 COPYRIGHT This document Copyright c 1991, Perihelion Software Limited. All rights reserved. This document may not, in whole or in part be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent in writing from Perihelion Software Limited, The Maltings, Charlton Road, Shepton Mallet, Somerset BA4 5QE. UK. Printed in the UK. Acknowledgements The Helios Parallel Operating System was written by members of the He- lios group at Perihelion Software Limited (Paul Beskeen, Nick Clifton, Alan Cosslett, Craig Faasen, Nick Garnett, Tim King, Jon Powell, Alex Schuilen- burg, Martyn Tovey and Bart Veer), and was edited by Ian Davies. The Unix compatibility library described in chapter 5, Compatibility,im- plements functions which are largely compatible with the Posix standard in- terfaces. The library does not include the entire range of functions provided by the Posix standard, because some standard functions require memory man- agement or, for various reasons, cannot be implemented on a multi-processor system. The reader is therefore referred to IEEE Std 1003.1-1988, IEEE Stan- dard Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments, which is available from the IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Pis- cataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA. It can also be obtained by telephoning USA (201) 9811393. The Helios software is available for multi-processor systems hosted by a wide range of computer types. Information on how to obtain copies of the Helios software is available from Distributed Software Limited, The Maltings, Charlton Road, Shepton Mallet, Somerset BA4 5QE, UK (Telephone: 0749 344345).
    [Show full text]
  • ISRA VISION at a Glance
    ISRA VISION Initiating Coverage 18 February 2019 Better than the human eye – Growth story is expected continue In a highly fragmented market environment ISRA VISION ranks Target price (EUR) 36 Share price (EUR) 28 among the leading players for machine vision technologies with a strong focus on software solutions. Driven by market trends as well as R&D efforts, we expect ISRA’s growth story to continue and Forecast changes forecast a revenue growth CAGR of 10.4% until FY 2022/23e. EBIT % 2019e 2020e 2021e is expected to increase by 10.6% during this period. In addition to organic growth, M&A driven growth is very likely. We initiate the Revenues NM NM NM EBITDA NM NM NM coverage of ISRA VISION with Buy and a TP of EUR 36.00. EBIT adj NM NM NM EPS reported NM NM NM EPS adj NM NM NM ISRA VISION among the technology leaders Source: Pareto ISRA is one of the leading providers for machine vision solutions with specialisation in 3D machine vision. The company’s Ticker ISRG.DE, ISR GR competences are mainly concentrated around the internally Sector Industrials developed software application. Future demand is driven by more Shares fully diluted (m) 21.9 Market cap (EURm) 605 complexity and miniaturization, quality requirements and entering Net debt (EURm) -18 into new markets. Customer benefits are cost savings, process Minority interests (EURm) 2 optimization, higher flexibility and a ROI of clearly <1 year. Enterprise value 19e (EURm) 590 Free float (%) 65 Growth story should continue - 5yrs growth CAGR of 10.4% The well diversified customer base in various end-markets helps ISRA to reduce cyclicality.
    [Show full text]
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Scalable distributed data structures for database management Karlsson, S.J. Publication date 2000 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Karlsson, S. J. (2000). Scalable distributed data structures for database management. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:11 Oct 2021 atabasee Management Scalablee Distributed Data Structures s for r Databasee Management Academischh Proefschrift terr verkrijging van de graad van doctor aann de Universiteit van Amsterdam opp gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof.. dr. J. J. M. Franse tenn overstaan van een door het collegee voor promoties ingestelde commissie, inn het openbaar te verdedigen inn de Aula der Universiteit opp donderdag 14 december 2000, te 11.00 uur doorr Jonas S Karlsson geborenn te Enköping, Sweden Promotor:: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • STATUS REPORT Sc? (1@’Rq» Lu? Ul __ V? 211 — Q CERN Participation in the GP MIMD ESPRIT Project
    CERN LIBRARIES, GENEVA CERN/DRDU 9 1-12 Danc/M5 llltlllllllllulll II\)Illll|lI)I|l)H)|lllllI|ll)) afch , ;, — P A $(100000690 <_ fri · \ xg ·-J ’ STATUS REPORT Sc? (1@’rQ» lu? Ul __ V? 211 — Q CERN participation in the GP MIMD ESPRIT project P.C. Burkimsher, R.W. Dobinson ' , A. King, B. Martin, and I.M. Willers, CERN. J—L. Pages, University of Lausanne A. Schneider, University of Geneva. In collaboration with INMOS (UK), lead partner. Meiko (UK), Parsys (UK), Parsytec (D) and Telmat (F), main partners. and Grupo APD (E), INESC (P), Siemens (D), SICS (S), Southampton University (UK), IRISA (F) OCR Output spokesman z JMU Introduction A proposal was submitted to ESPRIT in January 1990 by INMOS and four European manufacturers of Transputer based computers. The aim of the proposal is to develop high performance parallel processing computers using a new generation of Transputers. ESPRIT is the EEC supported European Strategic Programme for Research and Development in Information Technology. The technical, manpower and budget details of the project are contained in the technical annex [l] of the official contract that has been signed by the lead and main project partners with the EEC. CERN has taken part in the preparatory work for the GP MIMD ESPRIT proposal and must now decide on the continuation of this work within the framework of the approved project. Transputer Technology Today's microprocessors make available on a single chip a significant fraction of the computing performance of a traditional mainframe. A recent trend has been to construct very powerful computing systems of interconnected microprocessors: up to hundreds or even thousands of processor nodes, each with local memory, joined by a fast switching network.
    [Show full text]
  • ALTERNATING-DIRECTION LINE-RELAXATION METHODS on MULTICOMPUTERS* J)RN HOFHAUS and ERIC E VAN DE VELDE$ Abstract
    SIAM J. ScI. COMPUT. () 1996 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 454-478, March 1996 010 ALTERNATING-DIRECTION LINE-RELAXATION METHODS ON MULTICOMPUTERS* J)RN HOFHAUS AND ERIC E VAN DE VELDE$ Abstract. We study the multicomputer performance of a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver based on alternating-direction line-relaxation methods. We compare several multicomputer implementations, each of which combines a particular line-relaxation method and a particular distributed block-tridiagonal solver. In our experiments, the problem size was determined by resolution requirements of the application. As a result, the granularity of the computations of our study is finer than is customary in the performance analysis of concurrent block-tridiagonal solvers. Our best results were obtained with a modified half-Gauss-Seidel line-relaxation method implemented by means of a new iterative block-tridiagonal solver that is developed here. Most computations were performed on the Intel Touchstone Delta, but we also used the Intel Paragon XP]S, the Parsytec SC-256, and the Fujitsu S-600 for comparison. Key words. Navier-Stokes equations, concurrency, parallelism, block-tridiagonal systems, tridiagonal systems, ADI, alternating directions AMS subject classifications. 65M20, 65N40, 65Y05, 76C05, 76M20 1. Introduction. When using alternating-direction line-relaxation methods for systems of partial-differential equations discretized on a rectangular grid, one must solve many block- tridiagonal systems of linear equations in every relaxation step. This type of computation surfaces in many applications. In our work, we faced it when parallelizing a highly vectorized solver for the three-dimensional, unsteady, and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations [4] for use on multicomputers.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation of an Environment for Monte Carlo Simulation of Fully 3-D Positron Tomography on a High-Performance Parallel Platform
    Parallel Computing 24 (1998) 1523±1536 Implementation of an environment for Monte Carlo simulation of fully 3-D positron tomography on a high-performance parallel platform Habib Zaidi *, Claire Labbe, Christian Morel Division of Nuclear Medicine, Geneva University Hospital CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland Received 15 January 1998; received in revised form 15 April 1998 Abstract 12/02/1998 ext-2001-007 This paper describes the implementation of the Eidolon Monte Carlo program designed to simulate fully three-dimensional (3-D) cylindrical positron tomographs on a MIMD parallel architecture. The original code was written in Objective-C and developed under the NeXT- STEP development environment. Dierent steps involved in porting the software on a parallel architecture based on PowerPC 604 processors running under AIX 4.1 are presented. Basic aspects and strategies of running Monte Carlo calculations on parallel computers are de- scribed. A linear decrease of the computing time was achieved with the number of computing nodes. The improved time performances resulting from parallelisation of the Monte Carlo calculations makes it an attractive tool for modelling photon transport in 3-D positron tomography. The parallelisation paradigm used in this work is independent from the chosen parallel architecture. Ó 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Monte Carlo simulation; Positron emission tomography; Random numbers; Image recon- struction; Parallel computer 1. Introduction Positron emission tomography (PET) is a well-established imaging modality which provides physicians with information about the body's chemistry not available through any other procedure. Three-dimensional (3-D) PET provides qualitative and * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 0167-8191/98/$ ± see front matter Ó 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Logp: Towards a Realistic Model of Parallel Computation
    LogP: Towards a Realistic Model of Parallel Computation David Culler, Richard Karp,y David Patterson, Abhijit Sahay, Klaus Erik Schauser, Eunice Santos, Ramesh Subramonian, and Thorsten von Eicken Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley Abstract A vast body of theoretical research has focused either on overly simplistic models of parallel computation, notably the PRAM, or overly specific models that have few representatives in the real world. Both kinds of models encourage exploitation of formal loopholes, rather than rewarding development of techniques that yield performance across a range of current and future parallel machines. This paper offers a new parallel machine model, called LogP, that reflects the critical technology trends underlying parallel computers. It is intended to serve as a basis for developing fast, portable parallel algorithms and to offer guidelines to machine designers. Such a model must strike a balance between detail and simplicity in order to reveal important bottlenecks without making analysis of interesting problems intractable. The model is based on four parameters that specify abstractly the computing bandwidth, the communi- cation bandwidth, the communication delay, and the efficiency of coupling communication and computation. Portable parallel algorithms typically adapt to the machine configuration, in terms of these parameters. The utility of the model is demonstrated through examples that are implemented on the CM-5. Keywords: massively parallel processors, parallel models, complexity analysis, parallel algo- rithms, PRAM 1 Introduction Our goal is to develop a model of parallel computation that will serve as a basis for the design and analysis of fast, portable parallel algorithms, i.e., algorithms that can be implemented effectively on a wide variety of current and future parallel machines.
    [Show full text]
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A Communication Kernel for Parallel Programming Support on a Massively Parallel Processor System Overeinder, B.J.; Vesseur, J.J.J.; van der Linden, F.; Sloot, P.M.A. Publication date 1995 Published in Proceedings of the Workshop on Parallel Programming and Computation (ZEUS'95) and the 4th Nordic Transputer Conference (NTUG'95) Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Overeinder, B. J., Vesseur, J. J. J., van der Linden, F., & Sloot, P. M. A. (1995). A Communication Kernel for Parallel Programming Support on a Massively Parallel Processor System. In L. Finmo, & P. Fritzon (Eds.), Proceedings of the Workshop on Parallel Programming and Computation (ZEUS'95) and the 4th Nordic Transputer Conference (NTUG'95) (pp. 259-266). IOS Press. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:01 Oct 2021 A Communication Kernel for Parallel Programming Support on a Massively Parallel Processor System B.
    [Show full text]
  • A High-Performance, Portable Implementation of the MPI Message
    A HighPerformance Portable Implementation of the MPI Message Passing Interface Standard William Gropp Ewing Lusk Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Lab oratory Nathan Doss Anthony Skjellum Department of Computer Science NSF Engineering Research Center for CFS y Mississippi State University Abstract MPI Message Passing Interface is a sp ecication for a standard library for message passing that was dened by the MPI Forum a broadly based group of parallel com puter vendors library writers and applications sp ecialists Multiple implementations of MPI havebeendevelop ed In this pap er we describ e MPICH unique among existing implementations in its design goal of combining p ortability with high p erformance We do cument its p ortability and p erformance and describ e the architecture bywhichthese features are simultaneously achieved We also discuss the set of to ols that accompany the free distribution of MPICH which constitute the b eginnings of a p ortable parallel programming environment A pro ject of this scop e inevitably imparts lessons ab out parallel computing the sp ecication b eing followed the currenthardware and software environment for parallel computing and pro ject management we describ e those we have learned Finallywe discuss future developments for MPICH including those nec essary to accommo date extensions to the MPI Standard now b eing contemplated by the MPI Forum Intro duction The messagepassing mo del of parallel computation has emerged as an expressive e cient and wellundersto o d paradigm
    [Show full text]
  • The Helios File Server Installation Information
    The Helios File Server Installation Information PERIHELION SOFTWARE LTD November 1990 Copyright This document Copyright °c 1991, Perihelion Software Limited. All rights re- served. This document may not, in whole or in part be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine read- able form without prior consent in writing from Perihelion Software Limited, The Maltings, Charlton Road, Shepton Mallet, Somerset BA4 5QE, UK. This manual is Edition 2.0, November 1990. Acorn and ARM are trademarks of Acorn Computers Ltd. Amiga is a registered trademark of Commodore-Amiga, Inc. Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computers, Inc. Atari is a trademark of the Atari Corporation. Commodore is a registered trademark of Commodore Electronics, Ltd. Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation. Helios is a trademark of Perihelion Software Limited. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines, Inc. Inmos, occam, T414, T425 and T800 are trademarks of the Inmos group of companies. Intel and iPSC are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. Macintosh is a trademark of Apple Computers, Inc. Meiko and Cesius are trademarks of Meiko Limited. Motorola is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. MS-DOS is a registered trademark of The Microsoft Corporation. Parsytec, Paracom and SuperCluster are trademarks of Parsytec GmbH. POSIX refers to the standard de¯ned by IEEE Standard 1003.1-1988; Posix refers to the library calls based upon this standard. Transtech is a trademark of Transtech Devices Ltd. Sun, SunOs and SunView are trademarks of Sun Microsystems. Telmat and T.Node are trademarks of Telmat Informatique. Unix is a registered trademark of AT&T.
    [Show full text]
  • Versatility of Bulk Synchronous Parallel Computing: from the Heterogeneous Cluster to the System on Chip
    Dissertation Versatility of Bulk Synchronous Parallel Computing: From the Heterogeneous Cluster to the System on Chip Olaf Bonorden Fakultät für Elektrotechnik, Informatik und Mathematik Institut für Informatik und Heinz Nixdorf Institut February 2008 ii Zusammenfassung Der Bedarf an Rechenleistung in den Wissenschaften und der Industrie steigt ständig an. Bei der Entwicklung schnellerer Prozessoren gelangt man allerdings an physi- kalische Grenzen, so dass zur weiteren Leistungssteigerung sehr viele Prozessoren zusammen als Parallelcomputer benutzt werden müssen. Zur Nutzung dieser Super- computer ist es wichtig, allgemeine Modelle und Werkzeuge zu haben, die es erlau- ben, unabhängig von der speziellen Hardware effiziente Algorithmen zu entwickeln und zu implementieren. In dieser Dissertation werden Modelle für parallele Systeme vorgestellt, ein Über- blick über Algorithmen für diese Modelle gegeben und effiziente Implementierungen für verschiedene Architekturen entwickelt. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Fami- lie der Bulk Synchronous Parallel Modelle, da diese die Entwicklung portabler, aber trotzdem effizienter paralleler Programme erlauben. Für die Implementierungen werden zwei Architekturen betrachtet: ein On-Chip- Parallelcomputer und Workstation-Cluster. Im Bereich des On-Chip-Systems zeigt die Arbeit, wie das benutzte Modell die Entwicklung applikationsunabhängiger, effizien- ter, paralleler Systeme unterstützen kann. Die Workstation-Cluster, auf denen nur freie Rechenkapazitäten genutzt werden dürfen, stehen auf der anderen Seite des Spektrums paralleler Systeme. Sie unter- scheiden sich vom On-Chip-System nicht nur durch viel größere Latenzen, geringe- re Kommunikationsbandbreite und größeren Arbeitsspeicher, sie können auch hete- rogen sein, d. h., verschiedene Computertypen enthalten. Hierdurch und durch die variable, sich ständig ändernde, nutzbare Rechenkapazität der einzelnen Knoten er- geben sich besondere Herausforderungen, z. B.
    [Show full text]
  • A Parallel Implementation of Genetic Programming That Achieves Super-Linear Performance
    A PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION OF GENETIC PROGRAMMING THAT ACHIEVES SUPER-LINEAR PERFORMANCE David Andre John R. Koza Visiting Scholar, Computer Science Computer Science Department Department Stanford University Stanford University EMAIL: [email protected] EMAIL: [email protected] WWW: http://www-cs- WWW: http://www- faculty.stanford.edu/~koza/ leland.stanford.edu/~phred/ Abstract: This paper describes the successful parallel implementation of genetic programming on a network of processing nodes using the transputer architecture. With this approach, researchers of genetic algorithms and genetic programming can acquire computing power that is intermediate between the power of currently available workstations and that of supercomputers at intermediate cost. This approach is illustrated by a comparison of the computational effort required to solve a benchmark problem. Because of the decoupled character of genetic programming, our approach achieved a nearly linear speed up from parallelization. In addition, for the best choice of parameters tested, the use of subpopulations delivered a super linear speed-up in terms of the ability of the algorithm to solve the problem. Several examples are also presented where the parallel genetic programming system evolved solutions that are competitive with human performance on the same problem. 1 Introduction Amenability to parallelization is an appealing feature of genetic algorithms, evolutionary programming, evolution strategies, classifier systems, and genetic programming [1][2][3][4]. The probability of success in applying the genetic algorithm to a particular problem often depends on the adequacy of the size of the population in relation to the difficulty of the problem. Although many moderately sized problems can be solved by the genetic algorithm using currently available single-processor workstations, more substantial problems usually require larger populations.
    [Show full text]