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The Restructuring of the Montreal Tourism Industry: a Sectoral Analysis

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The Restructuring of the Montreal Tourism Industry: a Sectoral Analysis National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Direction des acquisiliC'ns et Bibliographic Services Branch des services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Stree! 395. rue Welhnglon Ottawa. OntarIO Ollawa (Ontario) K1AON4 K1AON4 NOTICE AVIS The quality of this microform is La qualité de cette microforme heavily dependent upon the dépend grandement de la qualité quality of the original thesis de la thèse soumise au submitted for microfilming. microfilmage. Nous avons tout Every effort has been made to fait pour assurer une qualité ensure the highest quality of supérieure de reproduction. reproduction possible. If pages are missing, contact the S'il manque des pages, veuillez university which granted the communiquer avec l'université degree. qui a conféré le grade. Sorne pages may have indistinct La qualité d'impression de print especially if the original certaines pages peut laisser à pages were typed with a poor désirer, surtout si les pages typewriter ribbon or if the originales ont été university sent us an inferior dactylographiées à l'aide d'un photocopy. ruban usé ou si l'université nous a fait parvenir une photocopie de qualité inférieure. Reproduction in full or in part of La reproduction, même partielle, this microform is governed by de cette microforme est soumise the Canadian Copyright Act, à la Loi canadienne sur le droit R.S.C. 1970, c. C-30, and d'auteur, SRC 1970, c. C-30, et subsequent amendments. ses amendements subséquents. Canada • THE RESTRUCTURING OF THE MONTREAL TOURISM INDUSTRY: A SECTORAL ANALYSIS Corinne Pohlmann Department of Geography McGiII University, Montreal July 1994 AThesis submitted 10 the Faculty ofGraduate Studies and Research in partial fulfilmenl of the requirements of the degrec ofMasters of Arts © Corinne Pohlmann 1994 • National Library Bibliothèque nationale .+. of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions et Bibliographie Services Braneh des services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Sireel 395. rue Wellington Dnawa. Onlario Otlawa (Ontario) KIA ON4 K1A ON4 THE AUTHOR HAS GRANTED AN L'AUTEUR A ACC;ORDE UNE LICENCE IRREVOCABLE NON-EXCLUSIVE IRREVOCABLE ET NON EXCLUSIVE LICENCE ALLOWING THE NATIONAL PERMETTANT A LA BIBLIOTHEQUE LffiRARYOFCANADATO NATIONALE DU CANADA DE REPRODUCE, LOAN, DISTRmUTE OR REPRODUIRE, PRETER, DISTRIBUER SELL COPIES OF HISIHER THESIS BY OU VENDRE DES COPIES DE SA ANY MEANS AND IN ANY FORM OR THESE DE QUELQUE MANIERE ET FORMAT, MAKING THIS THESIS SOUS QUELQUE FORME QUE CE SOIT AVAILABLE TO lNTERESTED POUR METTRE DES EXEMPLAIRES DE PERSONS. CETTE THESE A LA DISPOSITION DES PERSONNE INTERESSEES. THE AUTHOR RETAINS OWNERSHIP L'AUTEUR CONSERVE LA PROPRIETE OF THE COPYRIGHT IN HISIHER DU DROIT D'AUTEUR QUI PROTEGE THESIS. NEITHER THE THESIS NOR SA THESE. NI LA THESE NI DES SUBSTANTIAL EXTRACTS FROM IT EXTRAITS SUBSTANTIELS DE CELLE­ MAY BE PRlNTED OR OTHERWISE CI NE DOIVENT ETRE IMPRIMES OU REPRODUCED WITHOUT HISIHER AUTREMENT REPRODUITS SANS SON PERMISSION. AUTORISATION. ISBN 0-315-99923-3 Canada ABSTRACT D~spite its growing importance in industrialized nations. the service sector has received relatively little attention from economic geographers in recent debates over the nature and • significance of the current processes of change affecting contemporary capitalism. This lack of attention means that we have Iittle detailed knowledge about how the various industries that comprise the service sector are restructuring ,heir operations and how these processes. in IU,Il, influence broader economic change. This thesis goes sorne way toward redressing Ihis imbalance by studying the evohing structure of two key sectors of the Montreal tocrism industry - hotels and travel agencies. 1 OOgin with a.1 overview of past attempts to understand the changing role of the service sector in devel'~ped econC'mies. 'Conventional' studies have focused mainly on producer and inforr::::.ion services and have provided valuable insights into the ways in which services can generate economic development. Unfortunately such approaches have downplayed the diversity ofthe service sector and have tended to ignore its role in broader processes of economic change. Such approaches have also often failed to provide detailed firm-Ievel analyses of restructuring. 'Alternative' approaches. especially those adopting new political economy fmrneworks. are shown to provide a broader explanation ofthe role lhat services play in structural change. They are. however. constrained. by the manufacturing bias of much of the literature - with services usually viewed as subservient to manufacturing. Despite their weaknesses new political economy frameworks are shown to perbaps provide the oost starting point for the developrnent ofa more 'services informed' approach to understanding current economic change. ln an allempt to higblightthe strengths and weaknesses of applying such approaches to the study ofservices 1first review their ability to explain and predict changes cUTTently taking place in the tourism industry as a whole. This is followed by a discussion of the empirical findings of the thesis based on 103 interviews with managers and owners of Montreal hotels and travel agencies. 1 focus on the following key areas: the evolving competitive environment, changes in corporate organization. the adoption of new technologies and shifts in labour use. After presenting the research findings. the ability of new political economy theories to explain and predict the evolving nature ofthese IWo tourism industries is discussed. 1conclude by turning to sorne of the broader theoretical and policy-related implications ofthe findings. • ABSTRACT Malgré son importance croissante dans les pays industrialisés, le secleur des serviœs n'a • reçu que relativement peu d'attention des géographes-économistes lors des plus récents débats portant sur la nature et la signification des processus de changement courants qui influent le capitalisme contemporain, Ce manque d'attention fait en sorte que nous ne détenons que peu d'informations détaillées sur la façon dont les industries qui renferment le secteur des services restructurent leurs opérations et comment ces processus. de leur part. influencent de plus grands changements économiques, Cett..: thèse redresse quelque peu cette injustice en étudiant la structure évoluante de deux secteurs-clés de l'industrie du tourisme de Montréal -- l'hôtellerie et les ag~. ;ces de voyages. Je débute avec un exposé général sur les efforts précédents qui ont été faits pour comprendre le rôle changeant du secteur des services au sein d'économies développées. Des études dites 'conventionnel1es' se sont surtout concentrées sur les services de production et d'informations et ont fourni de précieux aperçus sur les façons à travers lesquelles les services peuvent générer le développement économique. Malheureusement. de telles approches ont manqué de faire prévaloir la diversité du secteur des services et ont eu tendance à ignorer son rôle lors de plus grands changements économiques. Ces approches ont aussi souvent manqué de fournir des analyses détaillées au niveau de la restructuration en ce qui concerne les raisons sociales. Des approches alternatives, surtout <:el1es adoptant de nouveaux cadres politico-économiques. ont pu fournir des explications compréhensives au sujet du rôle que jouent les services dans le changement structural. Ces approches sont, cependant. gênées par le fort penchant que la docum,~ntation existante possède pour la manufacture -- où les services sont habituel1ement vus comme étant subordonnés à la manufacture. Malgré leurs faiblesses. les nouveaux cadres politico­ économiques ont démontré qu'ils fournissent peut-être le meilleur point de départ pour ce qui s'agit du développement d'une approche plus informée au sujet des services pour comprendre le changement économique présent. Désirant exposer les avantages et les désanvatages encourus en appliquant de tel1es approches à l'étude d"s services, je revise d'abord leurs capacités à expliquer et à prévoir les changements qui ont lieu dans l'industrie du tourisme en général. Ceci est suivi par une discussion des découvertes empiriques de cette thèse basée sur 103 entrevues avec gérants et propriétaires d'agences de voyages et d'hÔtels de Montréal. Je m'arrête sur les thèmes suivants: l'environnement compétitif croissant, les changements qui ont lieu dans les organisations corporatives, l'adoption de nouvel1es technologies. ainsi qu'aux changements concernant l'utilisation de la main d'oeuvre. Une fois les trouvailles de recherche présentées, la capacité des nouvelles théories politico-économiques à expliquer et prédire la D'lture évoluante de ces deux industries du tourisme sera évaluée. Je conclus en m'addressant à quelques-unes des implications théoriques et aux lignes de conduite suggérées par les trouvailIes. • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • This thesis would not have been possible without the assistance and support of many people. f-irst. :md foremost. 1 would like to thank ail the managers and owners of hotels and travel agencies that participllted in this researc'J for being 50 giving of their valuable time and providing a massive amount of information that was centralto this thesis. 1would especially like to express my gratitude to professor Simon Milne who provided me with the opportunity to pursue this work and whose metkulous guidance and dedication was greatly appreciated. 1 would also like to thank professor Brian Ray for his useful comments and suggestions. Furthermore, 1am grateful
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