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MOSQUITO VECTOR CONTROL and BIOLOGY in LATIN AMERICA a THIRD Symposrum' Journal of the American Mosquito Contol Association,9(4\:441453, 1993 MOSQUITO VECTOR CONTROL AND BIOLOGY IN LATIN AMERICA_A THIRD SYMPOSruM' GARY G. CLARK',CND MARCO F. SUAREZ (ORGANIZERS) San Juan laboratories, Centersfor Disease Control and Prevention 2 Calle Casia, San Juan, PR 00921-3200 ABSTRACT. The third Spanish language symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 59th Annual Meeting in Fort Myers, FL, in April 1993. The principal objective, as for the symposia held in l99l artd 1992, was to increase and stimulate greater partlcipation in the AMCA by vector control specialists and public health workers from l:tin America. this publication includes summaries of 25 presentations that were given in Spanish by participants from 8 countries in Iatin America, Puerto Rico, and the USA. The symposium included the following topics: ecological, genetic, and control studies of anopheline vectors of malaria; laboratory evaluation and pro-- duction of biological control agents for Aedes aegypti) community participation in the prevention of dengue; and studies of other medically important insects (e.9., Simulium and Triatoma). The American Mosquito Control Association continues to be very good. Special recognition (AMCA) is the leading organization of its kind for generousfinancial support for the I 993 sym- in the world. The AMCA promotes research, posium goes to the following sponsorsand in- neededto understandmosquitoes and other vec- dividuals: Vectec,Inc. (IsaacS. Dyals); the Flor- tors and for control ofthese arthropods by pro- ida Mosquito Control Association (T. Wainwright fessionals.In 1993, a Spanish languagesympo- Miller, Jr.); ZENECA Public Health (Dr. Julian sium was held at the 59th Annual Meeting in Ft. C. Entwistle); Clarke Mosquito Control Products Myers, FL. This session was held becauseof the (John L. Clarke, Jr.)i Taecon, Inc. (Miguel E. enthusiastic participation of vector research and Escobar); Summit Chemical Company (Iaw- control workers from government agencies and rence E. Kase); Beecomist Systems, Inc. (Ed academic institutions in Latin America, the fi- Kutzner); and Sumitomo Chemical America (S. nancial support of commercial sponsors,and the Ohtsuki). This support provided for registration successof similar sessionsheld in New Orleans. fees, partial travel grants to some participants, LA, in l99l and in CorpusChristi, TX, in 1992. and simultaneoustranslation. Mr. Dennis Moore As in prior years,general objectives were to en- provided superb assistance in arranging for the courage colleaguesfrom Latin America to attend translation service and the registration commit- the AMCA meeting, present results of recent teewas very helpful to international participants. studiesand projects,promote greaterinteraction Funds for the publication of this symposium with AMCA members, and stimulate future col- were provided by the Rockefeller Foundation laboration in the resolution ofvector-borne dis- (Dr. Scott B. Halstead) and ZENECA Public easeproblems in the Americas. Health (Dr. Julian C. Entwistle). As a result of Becauseofthe popularity ofthis session,it was the positive response from participants and the not possible to include all of the presentations AMCA leadership,this unique forum will be in- that were submitted to the organizersofthis ses- cluded in future AMCA meetings. sion. As it was, an entire afternoon was devoted to 25 high-quality presentationsthat were made SYMFOSIUM ABSTRACTS in Spanish. Simultaneous translation was pro- vided for personswho attended the program but A study of human factors considered relevant to did not understand Spanish.The enthusiasm of the transmission and control of malaria in two the speakers,spirited discussion,and attendance villages in ffonduras (Estudio de los factores ensuredthat the symposium onceagain achieved humanosconsiderados relevantes en its objectives. la transmisi6n y el control de malaria en The support of AMCA members for this unique dos pueblosde Honduras) and innovative sessionat the Annual Meeting J. C. Stivers and L. A. Rivera University of South Carolina, School of ' Presontedatthe 59tlAnnual Meetingofthe Amer- Public Health, McClellanville, SC, USA and ican Mosquito Control Association, Fort Myers, FL, Ministerio de Salud de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, on April 20, 1993. Honduras 2 Reprints may be requested from Gary G. Clark, Dengue Branch, CDC, 2 Calle Casia, San Juan, PR A study was performed in Guapinol and Sinai, oo92r-3200. Honduras, in 1986 to determine which human 442 Joup.r.rer or nre AvpnrceN Mosqurro Covrnor Assocre,rroN Vou 9, No. 4 factors might be relevant to the transmissionand We studied I nophelesdarlingi at the Fernando control of malaria. The study consisted of the Azcona estate, La Ceiba, Atlandida, Honduras administration of a questionnaireto village res- (15"44'24'N, 86"5l'36'W). Mosquitoeswere idents, observations of the living environment captured with human bait and marked with "Dayglo" of the residents,and a blood survey to determine fluorescentpowder. After release,at- malaria prevalence. tempted recapture of marked mosquitoes used In Guapinol, 389 personsliving in 74 houses human bait. In the laboratory, specieswere iden- participated in the blood survey,which identified tified, abdominal appearancewas recorded,and 3l individualsin 2l housespositive for malaria. ovaries were dissectedto determine the physi- In Sinai, 436 personsresiding in 72 houseswere ological age and follicular development. These sampled, with 8 people in 7 housesbeing iden- activities werecarried out between1830 and 2330 tified as positive for malaria. Of the 406 indi- h bimonthly for 6 consecutive days from May viduals surveyedin Guapinol, 46 residing in 28 26, 1989,to May 23, 1990.Of | 1,332Anopheles housesreported a laboratory-confirmed caseof albimanw and 10,187An. darlingi marked, l.l malaria during the preceding 3 years. In Sinai, and 1.37oofthese species,respectively, were re- thesefigures were 437 individuals surveyedwith captured.A significant correlation was found be- 46 previous casesin 27 houses. tween the abdominal appearanceand follicular The information gathered during the survey development for both An. albimanus and An. was analyzed using chi-square to determine if darlingi (x' : 3.58,P < 0.05, df : l; x2 : 4.0O, there was an associationbetween current or past P < 0.025,df : I, respectively).In both species, malaria infections and human habits. The fol- we found that the nullipars had bloodfed 2 or lowing factors were found to be associatedwith more times within the gonotrophic cycle. For either current or past malaria infections at P < both species,the duration ofphase 2 ofthe gon- 0.05. In Guapinol, current infections were as- otrophic cycle was 60.4 + 2O.4h, with a maxi- sociated with the number of inhabitants per mum for the first cycle of 120 h. The second house,with individuals in houseswith more than gonotrophic cycle beganwith the appearanceof 5 residentsbeing at increasedrisk. In Sinai, cur- Christophers' second stage. rent infections were found to be associatedwith an individual's sex,wakeup time, and a previous history of malaria infection. Males, individuals Population dynamics of Anopheles sp. from malaria with a wakeup time before 0400 h, and individ- endemicareas of coastal Colombia (Dinirnica poblacion uals with a previous infection were found to be de lle Anophelessp. de zonas at increasedrisk of malaria infection. In Guapi- costerasend6mica de malaria nol, age group, evening habits or location, oc- en Colombia) cupation, length ofresidence in the village, and R. Valderrama, S. Franco, S. Blair, M. F. Su6rez, per number of inhabitants housewere associated L. Osorio, M. C. Correa and O. Gallo with a history of malaria. Individuals in the age group of 5-14 years, people with mixed indoor Depart ame nto de Microbiologia y Parasit ologia, and outdoor evening activities, students,people Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de with lessthan 2 years of residencein the village, Antioquia y Semicio de Erradicacidn de and individuals living in houseswith more than la Malaria, Medellin, Colombia 5 inhabitants were at a higher risk of having a history of malaria. A history of malaria was as- We analyzed ecological aspects that affect the sociated with evening habits or location, length distribution and population dynamicsofthe most of residence in the village, and number of in- important vectors in a malaria-endemic areafrom habitants per house in Sinai also. The specific coastal Colombia. The objectives were to iden- g,roupsat risk were the same as those in Guapi- tify local speciesand their distribution and den- nol. sities in macro- and micro-ecological habitats, and determine how several ecological variables Observationson the gonotrophic cycle of affectedtheir population dynamics. anophelines(Diptera: Culicidae) in Honduras The area was categorizedaccording to land- (Observacionessobre el ciclo gonotrofico use practices,type of soil, elevation, air temper- de an6felesde Honduras) ature, relative humidity, type of hut (percentage ofwall protection that preventsthe mos- L. Rivera, D. Canalesand M. Nelson entry of quitoes), and number of inhabitants per dwell- Divisidn E nfermedadesTransmitidas por ing. Anophelines were collected between 1800 Vectores,Ministerio de Salud, Tegucigalpa, and 2400 h with indoorand outdoorhuman baits H onduras and Organizaci6n Panamericana and from restingsites inside the hut. The number de la Salud, Panamd of anophelinesper dwelling per day (ADD) and Drcnr,snn
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