August-September 2012 Volume 7 No. 4 `100.00 (India-Based Buyer Only)

TREASURE HOUSE

visit: www.spsmilitaryyearbook.com www.spsnavalforces.net

23_InhouseInside back Cover_MYBAd.indd 23 TREASUR AD.indd 1 13/01/1223/08/11 1:526:26 PM ROUNDUP

Page 2  Stop Press Old Sea Dog Bids Adieu Photograph: DPR Admiral Nirmal Verma reflected upon the often repeated query about the dichotomy of the fact that the Indian Navy which professed blue-water aspirations was now engrossed in brown-water operations. Rear Admiral (Retd) Sushil Ramsay Page 4 Weapon Systems & Sensors for Modern Warships Enough is not being done by the defence establishment to get the private sector industry on board in our acquisition and development programmes. Rear Admiral (Retd) Arun Saxena Page 6 What’s up on Coastal Security

Defence Minister A.K. Antony reviewed the progress on various steps taken to enhance coastal security. Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand Page 8 Easy to Lay, Hard to Sweep The mere existence of mines poses psychological threat to practically stop maritime operations and thus deny access to a desired area at sea. Rear Admiral (Retd) Dr S. Kulshrestha Page 10 Protecting Blue Water Navy From Air Attacks With the development of air power, ships at sea also became lucrative targets from the air, thus, various types of cannons and guns were placed on board for air defence. Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand Page 13 Militarisation of the Arctic Region There is the need to develop necessary military capability to hedge against the future military postures of potential adversaries. Commander (Retd) Neil Gadihoke Admiral D.K. Joshi Plus Show Report: Eurosatory 2012 9 Takes Over as Navy Chief Interview: Dennis D. Swanson, Boeing Defence, Space and ‘For the Navy to fulfill its mandate as a maritime power for national prosperity, Security in India 12 24 x 7 attention would need to be paid at all levels to ensure that there are no gaps Scope of Offsets Enlarged 12 in our security preparedness’ News in Brief 14 Story on page 7...

4/2012 1  Conference Report

The lead article is on the last press conference happy retired life. We would also like to wel- insight as to what all is involved to defend a war- of the Chief of the Naval Staff and Chairman come Admiral D.K. Joshi who took over from ship against air power and also gives a peep into Chiefs of Staff Committee, Admiral Nirmal Admiral Nirmal Verma on August 31, 2012, and the future. The Arctic region has become a bone Verma. During his blemish-free tenure, he wish him a successful tenure. of contention with many nations, thus an over- kept a low profile with the media and let his The article on “Weapon Systems & Sensors view on its militarisation. Then the usual News achievements do the talking. The key words in for Modern Warships” by Rear Admiral Arun Digest wraps up the issue. Happy Reading! his first message after taking over as the Chief Saxena is like a walking tour through a modern were that the Navy should focus on both ‘con- naval ship to feel and see as to what all goes solidation’ and ‘sustained growth’. It must be into it to make it an efficient maritime fighting put on record that he has achieved both with machine. There has been good progress in the a very high degree of professionalism but with coastal security infrastructure due to the efforts all humility has given the credit for the Navy’s of the Defence Minister and the erstwhile Home achievements to the dedication and commit- Minister who have been constantly monitoring and pushing it; thus an update on it. Then there

EDITORIAL ment of the men and women of the Indian Navy—‘who are the finest in the world’. is an article on mine sweeping where the writer SP’s Jayant BaranwaL Naval Forces takes this opportunity to wish the reflects on the present and the future systems. ‘Old Sea Dog’, as he likes to call himself, a very The article on blue water air defence gives an Publisher & Editor-in-Chief

Old Sea Dog Bids Adieu Admiral Nirmal Verma reflected upon the often repeated query about the dichotomy of the fact that the Indian Navy which professed blue-water aspirations was now engrossed in brown-water operations. He saw no such dichotomy in the maritime strategy as Indian Navy discharges its responsibilities as the lead agency for coastal security.

Photograph: MOD n Rear Admiral (Retd) Sushil Ramsay vate shipyard. These ships, along with two cadet training ships under construction at another private shipyard, are the first war- t the twilight of his illus- ship orders ever given to private shipyards. trious naval career of over Eight new upgraded landing craft are also four decades, Admiral Nirmal under construction at GRSE, Kolkata, and Verma addressed his farewell will augment the force levels in the Anda- press conference on August 7. man and Nicobar Islands. These ships will RenegingA his well-known preference to reti- replace the old landing craft utility, which cence, Admiral Verma recalled the Indian are in the process of being phased out. Navy’s significant accomplishments during To augment the hydrography capability his innings of three years as the Chief of the and force levels of survey ships, six new cata- Naval Staff. His address was not restricted maran hull survey vessels were being built by to just the past accomplishments; it also Alcock Ashdown Gujarat Ltd, at Bhavnagar. doled out comprehensively the blueprint The first ship was scheduled to be commis- of Maritime Capabilities Perspective Plan sioned shortly. The construction of Scorpene 2012-27. At his nostalgic best, he recalled submarines under Project 75 was under way his first message to the Navy in which he and MDL and the Department of Defence had emphasised the need to focus on both Production maintain that the first submarine ‘consolidation’ and ‘sustained growth’; and was likely to be commissioned in 2015 and now at the end of his tenure he said he felt the sixth submarine by 2018. sufficiently satisfied of the progress that Admiral Verma also informed that in the Navy had collectively accomplished. He addition to the 46 ships currently under placed on record that what had been accom- construction, AON for 49 more ships and plished on his watch was possible because submarines had been obtained. These of the ‘course that had been steered’ by his include seven more follow-on ships of the predecessors, as also the enormous efforts Shivalik class under Project 17A, which are of the veteran community. In his tribute he to be built both at MDL, Mumbai and GRSE, added, “Needless to say, none of it would He informed that the three major docu- He highlighted the indigenous warship Kolkata, contract for which was expected to have been possible without the efforts, ments—the Maritime Capabilities Perspec- building programme under which 43 war- be concluded during the current financial dedication and commitment of the men and tive Plan 2012-27, the Twelfth Five Year ships were currently under construction year. Contracts for four water-jet FACs, to women of the Indian Navy—who are the fin- Plan document and the Twelfth Five Year in Indian shipyards and include the indig- be built at GRSE, Kolkata; one more training est in the world.” Infrastructure Plan document were pub- enous aircraft carrier, destroyers, corvettes ship, to be built at a private shipyard; and Recording the successes in the cam- lished over the past three years. During and submarines. Three ships of Project 15A, two mine hunters to be built in South Korea, paign against piracy which has besotted the the Eleventh Five Year Plan period, which which are follow-on of the existing Delhi were likely to be concluded during the cur- Indian Ocean region (IOR), he stated that concluded on March 31, 2012, close to 200 class destroyers, with improved stealth rent financial year. Six more mine hunters over 2,100 merchantmen were escorted by acceptances of necessity (AON) with a total features and weapon and sensor fit were will be subsequently built at Goa Shipyard Indian Navy ships and 40 piracy attempts value of `2,73,070 crore (about $49.6 billion) scheduled for induction commencing early under transfer of technology (ToT). Options were averted. Along with the sustained were obtained. Of these, 161 contracts with 2013. A contract had been signed with the for the deep submergence and rescue ves- efforts of various navies and the shipping a total value of `92,069 crore ($16.7 billion) Mazagon Dock Ltd (MDL) for four more sel were currently being technically evalu- community, the success rate of piracy had were concluded. A record number of 15 P15B destroyers, which will follow the P15A ated. In addition, approval for construction dropped from 38 per cent in 2008 to approx ships were commissioned, which included ships. Four anti-submarine warfare cor- of six submarines under Project-75(I) was 11 per cent till 2011 and even further in the three Shivalik class stealth frigates: vettes (ASW) being built at the Garden Reach at the final stages of approval. Requests for 2012. In 2009-10, the scourge of piracy Shivalik, Satpura and Sahyadri; two fleet Shipbuilders and Engineers Limited (GRSE), proposals (RFPs) for four landing platform had spread to the East Arabian Sea at times tankers: Deepak and Shakti; one follow-on Kolkata, are the first stealth corvettes docks (LPDs), 16 shallow water ASW ships, beyond 1,000 nautical miles from the Horn 1135.6 class stealth frigate INS Teg; the sail designed and built indigenously as special- one survey training vessel and two diving of Africa and closer to Indian waters. He training ship Sudarshini; and eight water-jet ised ASW surface combatants. The first ship support vessels were also expected to be said, “I am happy to state that over the past fast attack crafts (FAC). Commissioning of was scheduled to be inducted early next issued in the coming months. year, there has not been a single incident the nuclear attack submarine INS Chakra on year and the others to follow in an inter- Of the 46 ships and submarines cur- of piracy within 300 nautical miles of our January 23, 2012, was a momentous occa- val of a year. To augment offshore patrol- rently on order, 43 are under construction island territories on the West coast. Con- sion, as India is now part of a select group ling capability, four offshore patrol vessels at the Indian shipyards. The indigenous sequently, international shipping is now of six nations that operate SSNs. Arihant is are under construction at the Goa Shipyard construction programme has been so struc- passing closer to the Indian coast due to steadily progressing towards its operation- Limited. The ships are scheduled for induc- tured to ensure that over the next five years, the protection provided by the Indian Navy alisation with its sea trials expected to com- tion from end 2012 onwards. Five other five platforms of ships and submarines per

www.spsnavalforces.net and Coast Guard.” mence in the coming months. offshore patrol vessels will be built at a pri- year are inducted provided the shipyards

2 4/2012 Conference Report

adhere to contracted deliver timelines. In this context, he emphasised upon the need for the public and private sector shipyards to scale up their capabilities to deliver state-of-the-art warships that match global standards. He recommended incremental adoption of the provisions of ‘Buy and Make Indian’ in the Defence Procurement Pro- cedure (DPP) to synergise capabilities and implement leap fogging technologies. He drew reference to the three ships under construction in Russia, which include two more ships of the follow-on Talwar class, with one scheduled for induc- tion later this year and the other next year. The third ship, Vikramaditya, is currently undergoing sea trials. Recently, aviation tri- als involving the operations of the MiG-29K from the deck of that ship were carried out. The aviation assets were being mod- ernised and augmented in consonance with the long-term vision of the Navy. In order to maintain effective vigil and surveillance in the Navy’s area of interest, eight of the world’s most advanced, state-of-the-art P-8I Neptune long-range maritime patrol air- craft were due to be inducted commencing early 2013. In addition, eight medium-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft were also planned for induction. Procurement of addi- tional UAV was being progressed to further augment surveillance and reconnaissance capability at sea. The acquisition of the car- rier-borne MiG-29K fighters will significantly enhance the Indian Navy’s strike capability. The first batch has already been inducted and delivery of aircraft from the follow- on contract will commence later this year. The rotary wing assets of the Navy were also being upgraded to induct state-of-the- art weapons, sensors and avionics. These include upgradation of the Kamov 28 and Seaking 42B. The new inductions amongst the helicopters include the multi-role heli- copters (MRH) for fleet ships. In addition, the naval utility helicopter was also planned for induction by 2016 and the RFP should get issued any time now, he said. Commenting upon the strategic loca- tion and importance of the nation’s island territories, Admiral Nirmal Verma informed that security of islands has been bolstered by the commissioning of the naval estab- lishment INS Dweeprakshak at Kavaratti, in the Lakshwadeep and Minicoy islands. Like- wise, in the last week of July, Naval Air Sta- tion INS Baaz was commissioned at Camp- bell Bay on Great Nicobar Island. Admiral Nirmal Verma once again highlighted the significance of the strategic geography and importance of INS Baaz which is situated on this southernmost island of the Nicobar group, overlooking the Strait of Malacca and dominating the six degree channel. Emphasising on the inevitable require- ment of cooperative engagement and confi- dence building mechanism in the maritime domain, Admiral Nirmal Verma recognised Indian Navy’s lead initiative in organis- ing and conducting the inaugural Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) in 2008 and informed that this year the Indian Navy has set up the permanent website of IONS, which will function as a virtual Secretariat and allow a variety of other functions to be discharged in a cost-effective manner. IONS SS2 A3.indd 1 15/02/12 1:57 PM has been a very progressive step in increas- operational skills and doctrinal expertise. The hastened, especially to ensure more effec- the Indian Navy which professed bluewater ing maritime cooperation amongst navies growing scope and complexity of ‘combined tive control of the country’s strategic forces aspirations was now engrossed in brown- of the littoral states of the Indian Ocean exercises’ with the United States Navy, the and more efficient conduct of defence pro- water operations. He, however, saw no region, thereby crystallising the rhetoric of French, the Royal Navy, the Russian Navy, the curement, training and logistics. such dichotomy in the maritime strategy ‘helping the IOR help itself’. Singaporeans and South African and Brazil- While preparing to swallow the anchor, as Indian Navy discharges its responsibili- Admiral Nirmal Verma highlighted ian Navies all contribute towards the Navy’s the ‘Old Sea Dog’ did make a veiled yet ties as the lead agency for coastal security. numerous bilateral initiatives to facilitate cooperative engagement initiatives. subdued attempt at new tricks, unknown He further clarified that multipronged capability building and capacity enhance- Admiral Nirmal Verma also reflected to him all through his three-year term. He, approach that focuses on institutionalising ment of India’s smaller neighbours, particu- upon his tenure as the Chairman Chiefs however, was cautious in not doling out and enhancing the efficacy of multi-agency larly island nations in the IOR. These include of Staff Committee and reiterated his firm any sensational sound bite. It was to his coordination, capability augmentation of installation of radars and automatic identi- support to jointness and closer integration credit that he masterfully painted a whole- various stakeholders as well as setting up fication systems, providing assets for exclu- between the three services for greater effi- some and comprehensive canvas of Indian of adequate surveillance infrastructure had sive economic zone (EEZ) surveillance and ciency and economy in the longterm. He Navy’s steady voyage towards consolida- been adopted and that he was optimistic hydrographic assistance. The Navy’s foreign expressed satisfaction over steady albeit tion and sustained growth. Admiral Nirmal that the momentum that has been built will cooperation initiatives include engaging with slow progress on the path towards greater Verma reflected upon the often repeated sustain to ensure fructification of the proj- other extra-regional navies as well as gaining integration. He felt that this needed to be query about the dichotomy of the fact that ects and initiatives envisaged. SP

4/2012 3  Technology Weapon Systems & Sensors for Modern Warships

Enough is not being done by the defence establishment to get the private sector industry on board in our acquisition and development programmes. Marginalising a vital arm and a national asset like the private sector industry is a serious omission, entirely to the detriment of our self-reliance and defence preparedness.

n Rear Admiral (Retd) Arun Saxena fusion and system integration for target zz Communication System: The role, multi-mission capable medium-lift detection, identification, tracking, threat communication system comprises helicopter plus tactical UAV. It would evaluation, weapon designation, fire con- of a comprehensive suite for secure be capable of deploying M/HALE UAVs. odern warships are trol solutions and weapon systems. multi-channel, multi-mode (voice, divided into several cat- data, multimedia), surface and space Ship’s Data Networks egories and are classified The Sensor Suite communication, software radio, control The CAIO and CMS collate, process, pres- according to their role and The sensors on board should be capable of and exploitation of medium/high- ent and exploit the data from the sensors, capability. The destroyer is detecting airborne threats, surface targets, altitude long endurance (M/HALE) weapons and other systems onboard. The Mgenerally regarded as the dominant surface- low flying (sea skimming) missiles and sub- UAVs, global maritime distress safety ship’s data bus performs the function of combat vessel of most modern blue water marines. They should be capable of detect- system; all exploited via integrated carrying and distributing the data to the navies. However, the once distinct roles and ing electromagnetic and infrared signals. masts. The internal communications various networks and systems. appearances of cruisers, destroyers, frig- Electro-optic sensors would also be used in suite consists of intercoms, broadcasts zz Integrated Ship’s Data Network: It ates and corvettes have blurred as modern close-in situations. and telephones. integrates the following functions and warships, and are armed with a mix of anti- zz Gunnery Sensors: Active electronically zz CAIO and CMS: The CAIO enables requirements: surface, anti-submarine and anti-aircraft scanned array 3D multi-function seamless data transfer to and from – Sensors and weapons CAIO integra- weapons. Class designations no longer indi- radars for anti-surface warfare/anti- sensors, weapons, and navigation and tion—for command and control, cate a displacement hierarchy and the size aircraft defence/anti-missile defence communication systems; provides navigation, electronic warfare sup- of all vessel types have grown beyond the systems for detection, tracking and information fusion with in-built high port, tactical and non-tactical data definitions used in the 20th century. The weapon directing and control for grade security and decision support processing and support functions. evolving technologies and need for sophis- engagement from close-in to long aids; and presents various tactical – Ship’s internal voice and data com- tication in future naval combatants demand ranges. Also, radars for navigation and pictures to the command and combat munication requirements comprising several new design features giving the ship coastal surveillance and capability for team. The CMS has decision support broadcasts, intercoms, telephones enhanced operational capabilities in terms identification of friend or foe (IFF). features for threat evaluation, target and CCTV. The versatile console of hull design, stealth, propulsion, power zz Anti-submarine Warfare (ASW) indication and weapon designation system, composite communication systems and a suite of sensor, weapon and Sensors: Active sonar with the wet end which are fully integrated with fire system for external communications communication systems to match the role covering complete sonar frequency control and weapon systems onboard. and telephone exchange will use the and capability requirements. band and advanced signal processing network to exchange data. The operational battle space environ- for detection, identification and Weapon Systems – Data link interface to share and ment is dense and complex. Data from classification of targets. Passive sonar The weapon systems on board should be distribute information and commu- the sensors and systems are transmitted would be capable of long-range detection. capable of engaging airborne targets, sur- nicate in real-time or non real-time in real time to the command centre and The sonar would be capable of mixed face targets, low flying (sea skimming) mis- between all ships, aircraft and estab- it integrates this data and the informa- mode operation for submarine/torpedo siles and submarines at medium-to long- lishments in operational scenario. tion from external sources including data detection modes. Mine hunting sonar ranges. They should be capable of engaging – Ship wide distribution of ship’s house links, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and and towed array active/passive sonar close-in threats and provide point defence. holding data for tactical and non-tac- airborne warning and control system. A and torpedo decoy systems will provide zz Gunnery Weapons: The gunnery tical processing and presentation. computer-aided action information organ- additional capability for underwater weapons would be an appropriate mix zz Integrated Bridge Management System isation (CAIO) system compiles, maintains warfare. The helicopter carried on board of various missiles and guns to meet (IBMS): IBMS collects, processes and and displays the tactical situation and will carry dipping sonar to add to the the requirements of engaging with all presents navigational and other relevant provides real time battlefield awareness. underwater detection capability. types of threats. Typically these would data to improve the efficiency of the The combat management system (CMS) zz Electronic Surveillance Measures: comprise land attack capable cruise ship’s navigation and safety at sea. provides the decision support functions Wide band, comprehensive electronic missiles, long-range surface-to-air zz Integrated Platform Management to take or suggest the best decision in real warfare/direction finder suite with inter- missiles capable of defeating airborne System (IPMS): IPMS functions as time for designating the optimum weapon and intra-pulse emitter finger printing threats emanating from sea skimming an intelligent, fully-automated and system for the threat detected. capability. Active and passive electronic and high diving missiles and aircraft, integrated propulsion, plant and The future ship building programme countermeasures using non-rotating fully-automatic twin barrel electro- machinery, and power generation of the Indian Navy will have an increasing emitters would be installed to neutralise magnetic rail or compact stealth turret management system. thrust on indigenous design, construction, the EW threat. Infra-red surveillance with capability of firing operator The sensors and weapons systems equipment and systems. Evolving technolo- systems, thermal imagers, stabilised selectable different types of munitions, would be expected to perform and deliver gies and need for multiplicity of roles of electro-optronic system would add combined multi-barrel and missile as per specifications, but the overall suc- future warships call for adopting bold new additional capability to the sensor suite. capable close-in weapon system/point cess of the role and mission of the ship strategies in design and construction. Stealth zz Navigation System: Navigation defence missile system for short and would depend upon the integration of sys- technologies and special hull design will give radar with automatic radar plotting medium-range anti-air, anti-surface and tems and their networking. Therefore, the the modern warship a reduced radar cross aid, electronic navigation charts and anti-missile defence purposes. command and control system needs to be section as well as electromagnetic, acoustic electronic chart display system, ring laser zz ASW Weapons: Vertical launch light emphasised and looked at in some detail. and infrared signatures. Advanced propul- gyro, global positioning system (GPS), weight torpedoes capable of sustained sion and power management systems will inertial navigation system, automatic run at high speed with operator Naval Command and Control Systems provide the speed, reach and capability to identification system, log, echo sounder, selectable vertical and horizontal search A command and control system is germane operate the sensors, weapons and other and anemometer provide not only for patterns. The torpedo transducer to success of a mission for a modern war- equipment, plant and machinery on board. navigating the ship but also data to the is operator configurable as per ship. Advances in microelectronics and sensors and weapons systems. bathymetric and tactical considerations. data processing technology have made The Modern Warship The ship-borne helicopter would be systems which are software intensive and The modern warship should have a multi- capable of carrying torpedoes so as to have embedded intelligence. The essential role, multi-mission capability. This ship We need to direct our efforts get stand-off advantage. components of a command and control should be capable of operating in a multi- in core technologies where zz Countermeasure Dispenser System: system are: threat, multi-dimensional scenario, includ- Capable of deploying advanced anti- zz Sensors: Radar, IFF, sonar, electro-optic, ing space and information warfare. It indigenous substitutes are air/AMD countermeasures like super infra-red should be capable of a wide range of sur- rapid blooming off board chaff and zz Secure communication systems: face warfare, anti-aircraft/missile defence, not available at present multiple types of anti-torpedo decoys Internal, external and tactical anti-surface warfare, electronic warfare, for hard kill, acoustic seducers and zz Data link information warfare missions by using and mitigate the risk of wake enhancers. zz Electronic surveillance measures, weapons and sensors in a net-enabled zz Aviation Capability: The ship will have electronic warfare systems environment in blue waters and littorals technology denial helicopter deck and hangar capable of zz Navigation systems

www.spsnavalforces.net scenarios. It should have multi-source data operating a heavy lift helicopter, multi- zz Command and control systems

4 4/2012 Technology

zz Fire control systems Warship, Sensor and Weapon zz Weapons-guns, missiles, torpedoes, Induction Cycle rockets, decoys The design, planning, production and Naval Staff Qualitative Defence Capability Requirements System engineering and integration for induction of a modern warship with highly Requirements (NSQR) Analysis-Defence Forces, DRDO interaction between components to achieve sophisticated sensors, weapons, propul- optimum operational performance is the sion plant and machinery is an extremely essence of combat system engineering. (See complex and long-drawn process, involv- Figure I for concept of a naval command ing multiple agencies with very high level and control system.) of expertise. It involves multi-disciplinary, Technology Identification and R&D The CMS concept is based on an archi- advanced technologies operating in a very Basic Design, Salient ­Parameters, Strategy-Defence Forces, DRDO, tectural backbone, consisting of an open dense equipment environment, engineered General Arrangement, National Institutions, Academia system using modern software and hard- and integrated to deliver high performance ­Specifications–Hull, Propulsion, ware technologies. The human inter- in very demanding scenarios. This capa- Plant & Machinery, Sensors, faces are designed to optimise the use of bility has to be extremely well-conceived, ­Weapons & Systems multi-function consoles and to satisfy the planned, executed and managed through demanding requirements for reduced man- multiple agencies within cost, time and ning. Assistance to the command functions with life cycle support. (The key areas in Foreign Design & Development of is provided in the following main areas: the conceptualisation, design, production ­Collaboration, System Building Blocks– zz Evaluation of battle space tactical and induction of naval systems and ships Transfer of Sensors, ­Weapons and situation are illustrated in Figure 2.) ­Technology, other Modules by Public- zz Threat evaluation and weapon The cycle commences with a statement Licensed Private Partnership assignment of qualitative requirements which broadly ­Production zz Management of combat systems defines the capability and performance resources (sensors and effectors) characteristics of the ship and its sensors, zz Aircraft and helicopter control weapons, propulsion plant and equipment zz Conduct of anti-surface, anti-aircraft and machinery. Detailed Engineering, Shipyard System Engineering & and anti-submarine operations Simultaneously, the research and Capacity, Production, Fitting Out, ­Integration, Onboard ­Trials zz Management of tactical data links development (R&D) and industry capa- Trials and Commissioning at Harbour and at Sea zz Navigation bility (public and private sectors) is ana- zz Force coordination lysed to assess the capability to develop zz Database management and deliver the requirements and evolve zz Message handling management a strategy for building the ship and its Induction into Navy, Exploitation zz Recording and playback induction into the Navy. Also, the naval designers and engineers evolve the basic and Life Cycle Support Defence Capability Requirements and design, laying down the salient param- Technology Strategy eters, general arrangements and layout of Figure 2: Conceptualisation, Design, Production & Induction of Naval Systems & Ships National security and defence capabilities the ship, decks, compartments, sensors, are highly dependent on technology and its weapons, propulsion plant, equipment exploitation. Long-term technology plan- and machinery and their detailed techni- ogy, licensed production, etc. as may be tail and monitor the activities and events ning, nurturing research, design and devel- cal specifications. necessary in each case. for orderly execution and time and cost opment at centres of excellence, ship pro- The basic design and technical speci- The shipyard selected for the construc- management. duction, public-private partnership requires fications leads to identification of tech- tion of the ship does the detailed engineer- a holistic appreciation of the dynamic secu- nologies and the assessment of capa- ing, production and fitting out of the ship The Way Ahead rity scenarios, national defence postures, bility to design and develop the system leading to harbour and sea trials and com- India’s warship building programme is doctrines and national policies and pri- building blocks—sensors, weapons and missioning of the ship. The suppliers of a national imperative and extremely rel- orities. Comprehensive study of long-term other modules and to integrate them to sensors, weapons and systems carry out evant to our needs. There is every rea- security scenario will influence the defence deliver the performance as specified in the system engineering and integration son to enhance this capability in terms and military requirements of the future. the qualitative requirements and techni- and onboard trials in harbour and at sea. of design know-how, production capac- This long-term technology vision and fore- cal specifications. This requires high level It is evident that all these are extremely ity, infrastructure, production of marine cast will provide unique benefit of seeding policy and decisions for public-private complex tasks involving strategic think- equipment, sensors, weapons and systems the right technologies, developing them partnership, forming consortiums, for- ing, policy formulation and a myriad of engineering. Our objective should be to into militarily deployable systems. eign collaboration, transfer of technol- agencies and tasks to plan, execute, dove- benefit from home-grown technology and achieve self-reliance. We need to direct our efforts in core technologies where indigenous substitutes are not available at present and mitigate the risk of tech- Navigational Fire Control nology denial. Yet foreign collaboration is Radars & Iff Equipment & Anemometer System # 1 inescapable and essential to remain on par Systems with emerging trends. From an industry perspective, enough is not being done by the defence establish- ment to get the private sector industry on Fire Control board in our acquisition and development Sonars System # 2 programmes. Marginalising a vital arm and a national asset like the private sec- tor industry is a serious omission, entirely to the detriment of our self-reliance and defence preparedness. Electronic Surveillance Surface-to-Surface The private sector industry is a global & Countermeasures Missile player in several domains by virtue of tech- nology absorption, managerial skills and Command & open competition. Our industry is extremely Control ­System nimble and flexible in its approach and this can considerably reduce the develop- Infra-red Searcher Surface-to-Air ment/acquisition cycle and cost of defence & Tracker Missile projects. Also, they have easy access to advanced technology and can enable for- eign collaboration. The industry should be encouraged to participate and become partners in defence programmes by giving Electro-optic Anti-Submarine incentives for R&D, award of development System Weapon System projects and competitive participation. India’s strategic objectives require a strong maritime presence in the Indian Ocean and surrounding regions. To achieve this objective, we require sustained efforts Tactical by various national institutions, the Defence Operator Maintainer Chaff Data Link Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), both public and private sectors to build a technologically advanced Navy and Figure 1: Conceptual Block Diagram of Naval Command & Control System support infrastructure, well-equipped with futuristic naval systems and warships. SP

4/2012 5  Strategy What’s up on Coastal Security Defence Minister A.K. Antony reviewed the progress on various steps taken to enhance coastal security emphasising that all the stakeholders should work with unified purpose and ensure that there are no gaps in the coastal security framework. He further directed that time bound actions should be taken for ensuring a foolproof coastal security system.

Photograph: PIB n Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand zz The respective Naval Cs-in-C will hold Minister of State for Defence Dr M.M. Pallam Raju addressing at the additional responsibility as Cs-in-C, commissioning of the Indian Coast Guard Coastal Defence. ndia has a coastline of 7,516.6 Station in Krishnapatnam, the third Coast zz A national command, control, km, touching nine states and four Guard Station in Andhra Pradesh communication and intelligence union territories (UTS). There is more (NC3IN) network would be established than 2.5 million square km of exclu- for real-time maritime domain sive economic zone (EEZ). The mining awareness (MDA) linking the operations Iareas allotted under the United Nations rooms of the Indian Navy and the ICG, Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) both at the field and the apex levels. is about 2,000 km from the southern-most zz The Indian Navy will control all Navy tip of India. A significant portion of India’s and all ICG joint operations. mercantile trade, almost 90 per cent by zz Assets, such as ships, boats, helicopters, volume and 77 per cent by value, is carried aircraft, etc as also the manpower of by the sea through India’s 12 major ports the ICG will be increased. and about 198 minor ports. zz A specialised force, called Sagar Prahari The coasts of Maharashtra and Guja- Bal (SPB) comprising 1,000 personnel rat are strategically located and prosper- and tasked with protecting naval assets ous which makes them prone to smug- is to be created. gling, poaching of seafood and anti-national zz Eighty fast interception crafts (FIC) will activities. Explosives were smuggled through be procured for sea front patrolling by Raigad, on the Maharashtra coast, to carry this force. out the serial blasts in Mumbai during 1993. km), which is the exclusive economic zone zz The details of infrastructure under zz A new CG Regional HQ will be set up in The Government of India launched ‘Opera- (EEZ) and the Indian Navy extends beyond Phase I of the CSS are as follows: Gujarat, under the newly created post tion Swan’ during August 1993 to prevent 200 nautical miles. At times this division Coastal Police Stations : 73 of COMCG (North-West), to look after clandestine landings along the Coasts of can get blurred depending upon the opera- Vessels : 204 surveillance off the coast of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Gujarat by strengthening tional requirement. Aerial surveillance is Jeeps : 153 Daman and Diu. joint patrolling by the Indian Navy, Indian carried out by the Indian Navy and the ICG. Motorcycles : 312 zz ‘Vessel and air traffic management Coast Guard, the police and the customs. A Checkpost : 97 systems’ will be installed by the Ministry sum of `342.56 crore (about $62 million) was Coastal Security Scheme (CSS) Phase-I Outpost : 58 of Petroleum, to cover all offshore allotted for improving the infrastructure. Keeping in view the vulnerability of the Barracks : 30 development areas, as has already been The scheme has since been transferred dur- coasts, CSS Phase-I was formulated to cover Rubber Inflated Boats : 10 (only done in the Western offshore region. ing March 2011 to the Ministry of Defence nine coastal states and four union territo- for Goa) zz The ICG has been additionally (MoD) for further implementation and has ries. The scheme was approved in January The scheme was allotted `646 crore designated as the authority responsible been extended up to March 31, 2014. 2005 for implementation in five years from (about $0.117 million), which was divided for coastal security within the territorial There is also continuous movement of the year 2005-06 and extended for one year into `495 crore for non-recurring expendi- waters, including areas to be patrolled all types of vessels for trade, fishing, mili- till March 31, 2011, when it was completed. ture and `151 crore for running expendi- by the coastal police. tary, policing, sports, and so on. It is esti- ture for six years. Out of the 204 vessels/ zz The DG lCG is designated as the mated that there are about 1,50,000 small Objectives of the Scheme boats there are 120 of 12 tonne and 84 of Commander Coastal Command fishing boats with no modern navigation The objectives of the CSS Phase-I were to five tonne. The scheme stands completed and made responsible for overall means or communications. Thus manage- strengthen the infrastructure for patrol- on March 31, 2011. coordination between Central and ment and security of India’s maritime zone ling and surveillance of coastal areas, par- state agencies in all matters relating to including the coastline is by itself a formi- ticularly shallow areas close to the coast, to Coastal Security Initiatives Post-26/11 coastal security. dable and complex task. Complacency in check and counter any illegal cross border Comprehensive measures were announced zz The setting up of nine additional Coast coastal security resulted in the terrorist activities and criminal activities using the by the Defence Minister, A.K. Antony, and Guard stations to integrate with coastal attack on Mumbai on November 26, 2008, coast or sea. duly approved by the Cabinet Committee police stations. and again brought the crucial matter of on Security. The salient features were: zz The proposal for setting up of coastal security into focus. Main Features of the Scheme zz The Indian Navy has been made static coastal radar chain and a The scheme provided assistance in the responsible for overall maritime comprehensive network chain of Post-Kargil form of grant to all the coastal states and security, which includes both coastal automatic identification system (AIS) Kargil Operations were carried between Union Territories as follows: and offshore security. The ICG, State stations along the entire coast as well May and July 1999. After the operations, a zz Setting up coastal police stations, Marine Police and other Central and as island territories has been approved. Group of Ministers was formed under the check-posts and outposts. state agencies are to assist Indian Navy. then Deputy Prime Minister L.K. Advani zz To equip the coastal police stations zz Four Joint Operation Centres (JOCs) Update with the brief to make recommendations with manpower trained in maritime are to be established at Mumbai, Joint Operation Centres (JoC): JOCs at on “Reforming the National Security Sys- activities. Visakhapatnam, Kochi and Port Blair Mumbai, Visakhapatnam, Kochi and Port tem”. Its recommendations on coastal zz To procure vehicles and boats for and placed under the jurisdiction of the Blair under respective Naval Cs-in-Cs have security are current even now. mobility on the coast and close coastal respective Cs-in-C. been made operational. waters. 80 Fast Interception Crafts (FICs): The Coastal Security Scheme zz A lump sum assistance of `10 lakh per Indian Navy has signed a deal with a Sri coastal police station for equipment, The Indian Navy is planning to Lankan shipyard company for the purpose. Present Coastal Security System computer system, furniture, etc was acquire 12.7mm guns for its The FICs will enable the SPB to enhance There is a multi-tier arrangement for given. patrolling and interception operations. protection and maritime security of the zz To meet recurring expenditure for ships and rigid hull inflatable Deployment of Indian Navy ships and country, involving the Indian Navy, Indian a period of six years on repairs and aircraft: There has been an increase of about Coast Guard (ICG) and marine police of maintenance of patrol boats. boats to counter piracy. The 70 per cent in naval ship deployment and a the coastal states and UTs. Close coastal zz States and UTs to provide the 100 per cent jump in aircraft deployments patrolling is done by the State Marine manpower. process for acquisition is towards coastal security tasking after 26/11. Police whose jurisdiction extends up to 12 zz To make institutional arrangements at INS Dweeprakshak: India’s latest naval nautical miles, ICG functions between 12 state and district level for coordination already under way. base, INS Dweeprakshak (Island protec-

www.spsnavalforces.net and 200 nautical miles (about 12 km to 370 and sharing of information. tor) was put into operation at Kavaratti in

6 4/2012 Strategy

Continued from page 1 Admiral D.K. Joshi takes over...

Photograph: DPR n Rear Admiral (Retd) Sushil Ramsay After his elevation to Flag rank, he has served in the Integrated Headquarters, MoD (Navy) in all nodal Branches­—in the Personnel Branch as the Assistant Chief dmiral Devendra Kumar Joshi took over of Personnel (Human Resource Development), in Warship as the 21st Chief of the Naval Staff of inde- Production and Acquisition as the Assistant Controller pendent India and the 19th Indian to take of the Aircraft Carrier Programme, and thereafter in the command of the Indian Navy on August 31. Operations Branch both as Assistant Chief of Naval Staff Outgoing CNS Admiral Nirmal Verma ceremo- (Information Warfare and Operations) and as the Deputy Anially handed over the Chief’s telescope to the new CNS Chief of Naval Staff. Admiral D.K. Joshi. Before taking over as the Flag Officer Commanding-in- On assuming office, Admiral Joshi sent his maiden Chief, Western Naval Command, he significantly contrib- message to the Navy saying he was “in gratitude for having uted towards inter-service integration, first as the Deputy been given the honour and privileged opportunity to Com- Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Doctrine, Organisation mand the Navy”. Admiral Joshi promptly indicated his pri- & Training) and then as the Commander-in-Chief of the orities as the new Naval Chief and stated, “For the Navy to Andaman and Nicobar Command, the only tri-service inte- fulfill its mandate as a maritime power for national pros- grated Command of the country. He later, served as the perity, 24 x 7 attention would need to be paid at all levels The outgoing Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Nirmal Verma handing over Chief of Integrated Defence Staff to the Chairman, Chiefs the Chief of the Naval Staff Telescope to the new Chief of the Naval Staff, to ensure that there are no gaps in our security prepared- Admiral D.K. Joshi in New Delhi of Staff Committee. ness.” He further emphasised, “To achieve security-related Admiral Joshi is a graduate of the Naval War College, objectives, the man-machine interface is crucial and the He has served in a variety of Command, Staff and Instruc- USA, an alumnus of the College of Naval Warfare, Mumbai, Navy would need to professionally re-audit, train and con- tional appointments. Admiral Joshi’s Sea Commands and the prestigious National Defence College, New Delhi. solidate its preparedness to optimise the existing capabili- include guided missile corvette INS Kuthar, guided missile Earlier in his career, he was the Defence Advisor in the High ties as well as harness the full potential of the transforma- destroyer INS Ranvir and the aircraft carrier INS Viraat. Commission of India, Singapore with concurrent accredita- tional new capabilities being inducted.” Subsequently he commanded the Eastern Fleet as the Flag tion to the Philippines from 1996 to 1999. He is a recipient Admiral Joshi is a specialist in anti-submarine warfare. Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet. of PVSM, AVSM, YSM, NM, VSM and ADC. SP

­Lakshawadeep especially for anti-piracy CSS Phase-II: After getting detailed Islands: Andaman and Nicobar adminis- looked after by the CISF. Currently, no activity. At least 100 pirates were caught proposals from the coastal states/UTs, CSS tration has submitted a comprehensive security norms for the 187 minor ports and several piracy attempts foiled in the Phase-II was approved. The scheme is to security plan of A&N islands for implemen- of the country exist. However, a working vicinity by the Indian Navy. be implemented over a period of five years tation in eight years and in three phases, group has submitted its report which is Upgrade of ICG organisations. By the starting from April 1, 2011, with a total 2012-15, 2015-17 and 2017-20. under examination. end of 2012, ICG was to have 42 Coast financial outlay of `1,579.91 crore (about Registration of Boats: All the fishing/ National Committee: A national com- Guard Stations (CGS). At present there $287 million). A lump sum assistance of non-fishing boats plying in Indian waters mittee for strengthening maritime and are about 35 CGS stations, with the last `15 lakh per costal police station is also will be registered under a uniform system. coastal security against threats from the one being commissioned at Krishnapat- being given for surveillance equipment, The Department of Shipping is the nodal sea has been constituted by the Cabinet nam by Dr M.M. Pallam Raju, Minister of computer systems and furniture. Other department in this regard. Secretariat during 2009 with the aim to State for Defence. This is the third CGS important details are: Installation of Automatic Identifica- periodically review coastal security. in Andhra Pradesh. Prior to this a new zz Coastal Police Stations-131 (this tion System (AIS) on Boats: The Depart- Finalisation of SOPs for all Coastal CGS had been commissioned at Androth includes upgradation of 20 Coastal ment of Shipping is the nodal Department States and UTs: This has been finalised Island in Lakshadweep. Police Stations and the establishment for AIS on boats. The DG (Shipping) has and issued to all concerned. Force Level: There are approximately of 10 Marine Operational Centres in issued two circulars to ensure that all Joint exercises: These are being peri- 93 vessels of all types in service and 80 are Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) islands). types of vessels including fishing vessels, odically carried out. on order. There are 51 helicopters and fixed zz Vessels 12 tonne : 180 other than fishing vessels of less than 20m Training: So far, more than 2,346 wing aircraft. ICG Hovercraft H-187, the zz Rigid Inflatable Boats : 25 (for island categories, are installed with AIS type B police personnel have been imparted train- first of the series of 12 air cushion vehicles territories) transponders. Two types of AIS are being ing by the ICG.1 designed and built by Griffon Hoverwork zz Large Vessel : 10 (for A and tried out under DG ICG. As an interim mea- Limited, UK, was commissioned recently. N Islands) sure, it has been recommended that radio Review of Coastal Security by the Also commissioned was the ICG Ship Rajta- zz Jetties : 60 frequency identification devices (RFID) Defence Minister rang, the second of the series of eight Implementation Status: All the coastal should be installed on all the boats. Defence Minister A.K. Antony reviewed the inshore patrol vessels (IPVs), designed and states/UTs have initiated the process of ID cards for fishermen: All the fisher- progress on various steps taken to enhance built by the Garden Reach Shipbuilders and land identification and land acquisition, men are being issued ID cards which can the coastal security on August 2 with the Engineers Ltd by Dr Pallam Raju. for construction of coastal police stations. be identified through a single centralised heads of organisations involved in it. The Coastal Surveillance: A coastal sur- `15.76 crore have been released to coastal database with the Department of Animal salient points were: veillance network along the coastline is states/UTs for starting of construction Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries (DAHD&F) zz The first phase of the coastal radar being established. Forty such stations are work, purchase of vehicles, etc. as nodal agency. network on both the west and east being set up under Phase-I and 39 stations Procurement of Phase-II Boats: Pro- Multipurpose National Identity Cards coast should be completed in the next are planned under Phase-II of the scheme. curement of approved 180 (12-tonne) (MNICs) to the coastal population: Regis- two months and that he would himself The Indian Navy and the ICGS have pro- boats and 10 large vessels for A&N Islands trar General of India (RGI), MHA, is working visit some locations very soon. jected 36 radars for the mainland, six in in Phase-II of CSS is being done centrally on a project for issue of MNICs to the pop- zz He emphasised that all the stakeholders Lakshadweep and Minicoy and four in the by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). The ulation in the coastal villages in two phases should work with unified purpose and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The project process of procurement is in progress with at an estimated cost `216.31 crore. ensure that there are no gaps in the worth over `602 crore (about $109 million) the finalisation of the specifications. Port Security: The security of 12 coastal security framework. He further was cleared by the Cabinet Committee on Comprehensive Security Plan for A&N major ports of the country is being directed that time bound actions should Security in February 2009 and the finali- be taken for ensuring a foolproof Photograph: Indian Coast Guard sation of the contract is in progress. The coastal security system. NC3IN network that would link 51 nodes of zz He said the government is fully Indian Navy and ICG is expected to be com- committed to modernise Navy and pleted by 2012. The coastal surveillance Coast Guard as well as assist state is supported by the maritime surveillance governments to undertake any aircraft and UAVs of the Indian Navy and challenges to our coastal security. He aerial platforms of the ICGS. also urged the state governments to Heavy Machine Guns: The Indian Navy be equal partners in this important is planning to acquire 12.7mm guns for national security issue. its ships and rigid hull inflatable boats to zz Antony desired to have another counter piracy. The process for acquisition enlarged meeting after the ensuing is already under way. Parliament session. zz The delivery time schedules of Ministry of Home Affairs supply of fast interceptor crafts, implementation of national command Formulation of CSS Phase-II control communication and intelligence The coastal states/UTs were asked to network and vessels and air traffic carry out vulnerability/gap analysis in management system on the east coast consultation with ICG to project their was also reviewed in the meeting. additional requirements for formulation Keeping vigil: H-187 Hovercraft built The Defence Minister later inaugurated by Griffon Hoverwork Limited, UK of CSS Phase-II. the coastal radar network on August 25. SP

4/2012 7  Mine Sweeping Easy to Lay, Hard to Sweep The mere existence of mines poses psychological threat to practically stop maritime operations and thus deny access to a desired area at sea. A mine doesn’t have to actually explode to achieve its mission of access denial.

PhotographS: Lockheed Martin, Saab Group n Rear Admiral (Retd) Dr S. Kulshrestha sweeping the water body (with influence or mechanical sweeps) with surface, air or subsurface assets. he United States and Great Britain had deployed nearly Remotely Operated Vehicles 72,000 mines during World War Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are the I against Germany to enforce most commonly used vehicles in MCM. a blockade of the North Sea ROVs are tethered vehicles connected by Tand to counter the German U-boats. The an umbilical cable to the mother ship. They US deployed nearly 12,000 mines during offer a mature technology for mine iden- Operation Starvation in Japanese coastal tification and neutralisation. The umbilical waters between March and August 1945. provides both power and real time data These were air-deployable, advanced influ- transmission and control facility. ence ground mines that were much easier The PAP system developed by ECA of to deploy in offensive mining. Mines have France is one of the oldest ROVs used been used in conflicts ranging from Korea, in MCM. The current version, PAP Mark Falklands to Gulf wars and have inflicted 5 with fibre-optic umbilical and 130 kg major casualties. explosive charge payload capability can The naval mine is a relatively cheap, operate up to six kts speed, and up to a easy to employ, highly effective weapon depth of 300 metres. Some of the other that affords weaker navies the ability Remote Minehunting System (RMS) well known systems include the Eagle to oppose larger, more technologically series of vehicles, developed by Bofors advanced adversaries. The mere existence Underwater Systems AB. The Eagle series of mines poses psychological threat to prac- has the ability to operate in any orienta- tically stop maritime operations and thus tion, including upside down and its exten- deny access to a desired area at sea. Thus, sible manipulator arm is used to place a a mine doesn’t have to actually explode to charge next to a mine while maintaining achieve its mission of access denial. North a safe standoff distance. The newer ver- Koreans were able to deter and delay the sions, Double Eagle and Double Eagle Mk arrival of US Marines sufficiently to escape II, are much larger, with corresponding safely, by mining Wonsan Harbour in Octo- increases in depth and speed. ber of 1950 with about 3,000 mines. The mine identification and neutralisa- Mine technology has kept a step ahead tion (MIN) system has been developed and of the ships designs for low acoustic and produced by Alenia Elsag Sistemi Navali magnetic signatures and many countries and Riva Caizoni of Italy. It can identify are engaged in development and produc- and neutralise both moored and bottom tion of naval mines. Non-metallic casings, mines. Its power pack is a closed-circuit anechoic coatings, modern electronics and oleo pneumatic accumulator to minimise finally reasonable costs have made mines a the noise and magnetic profile. Raytheon’s weapon of choice for poor and rich nations ROV, AN/SLQ-48(V) mine neutralisation alike. It is estimated that about 20 coun- system (MNS), used by the US Navy uses a tries export mines while about 30 produce conventional electro-mechanical cable; the them. Sweden, Russia, China and Italy are AUV62-MR, AUV System for Mine Reconnaissance vehicle can reach a speed of six kts, while the leading exporters. Mine MN 103 Manta carrying two cable cutters and a bomblet. from SEI SpA of Italy is one of the most Also available is a package that combines exported mines in the world with about Drifting mines float on surface and are MCM comes in to play after the mines have bomblet with a cable grabbing capability 5,000 Mantas in inventories throughout difficult to detect and identify because of been laid. A fundamental constituent for for the destruction of moored mines. It has the world. factors like visibility, sea state and marine successful MCM operations of both types a low light TV, high resolution sonar and growth, etc. Moored mines are tethered is actionable intelligence, surveillance and is manufactured as per military standards. Classification, Laying of Mines and mines using anchoring cables to adjust reconnaissance (ISR). Actuation Methods their depths. These can be contact- or Defensive MCM is further subdivided Unmanned Underwater Vehicles Mines are classified based upon their depth influenced-based mines. Bottom mines are into active and passive types. The passive Since the UUVs have evolved from the rug- of operation, methods of deployment or most difficult to locate as they can also get type involves minimising ships signatures ged and reliable ROVs, designers of UUVs the way they are actuated. The versatility of buried under sediment layer which cannot as well as avoiding mines by accurately have incorporated systems developed for deployment can be gauged by the fact that be penetrated by normal sonars. localising them. Active MCM on the other commercial, scientific and MCM purposes. mines can be laid by majority of surface Mines can be actuated by contact, hand utilises mine hunting and mine Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) craft, submarines, crafts of opportunity influence and by remote or a combination sweeping systems to avoid and/or neutral- are emerging as a major platform for the and aircraft/helicopters. Mines have been thereof. With modular target detection ise the mines and carve out a safe passage mine detection and classification tasks. used by countries and non-state actors device (TDD) upgrade kits, the older con- for the fleet ships. Neutralisation involves While designed to operate independent of alike with dangerous effects and thus con- tact mines can be easily upgraded to actu- continual human control, many of these tinue to pose a credible threat to navies as ate by influence methods. The influence do have some communication link used well as merchant marine. needed for actuation could be pressure, The naval mine is a relatively for the transmission of data, but not for Types of mines are based upon the acoustic or magnetic or a desired com- direct commands and control. With no depth at which they are deployed. As per bination. In addition, ship counters and cheap, easy to employ, hard tether, an AUV can cover far greater the US Naval Mine Warfare Plan, the under- anti-mine counter systems are also being ranges than an ROV, providing a much water battle space has been divided into incorporated in to the mines to make them highly effective weapon that greater standoff capability for manned five depth zones: deep water (deeper than much more potent and lethal. platforms. The disadvantage, of course, 300 feet), shallow water (40-300 feet), very affords weaker navies the is that the vehicle must be able to oper- shallow water (10-40 feet), the surf zone Countering the Threat Posed by Mines ability to oppose larger, more ate independently for extended periods (from the beach to 10 feet) and the craft Mine countermeasure operations (MCM) of time. Data is often collected and stored landing zone (the actual beach). Mines are are of offensive and defensive types. While technologically advanced on the vehicle, and there may be a signifi- of three basic types namely, floating or the offensive MCM involves destruction of cant time delay before it is available for drifting mines, moored or buoyant mines adversaries’ mines in storage or preventing adversaries processing and action by the human in the

www.spsnavalforces.net and bottom or ground mines. him from mining the waters, the defensive loop. In some cases, fibre-optic or acoustic

8 4/2012 Show Report Eurosatory Crow’s Nest Device “Dazzles” Pirates Designed primarily as a piracy protection system for commercial shipping, seen as increasingly at risk, the Crow’s Nest device presents a non-lethal deterrent that sends out an unequivocal signal to steer clear, before other more forceful measures come into play

Photograph: Chess Dynamics n R. Chandrakanth sends out an unequivocal signal to steer clear, before other more forceful measures come into play. irates could soon be dazzled Currently under trial on an ocean-going by new technology—literally, as a car transporter, the device is linked to new device, launched at Eurosa- bespoke automatic video detection software, tory 2012 by Chess Dynamics, developed with strategic French partner and is soon to be fitted to seago- Automatic Sea Vision (ASV), which is capa- Ping merchant vessels. ble of spotting small boats up to six km and An evolution of the Chess Sea Cobra larger vessels up to ten km away around the system, successfully deployed on French clock, thanks to a built-in low light camera. Navy ships, the Crow’s Nest device offers “The system offers us the opportunity crews long-range detection, giving them to work with ship operators and shipping vital early warning of possible piracy management companies to protect person- attacks, and the time to issue distress mes- nel and valuable cargos when vessels are sages and to deploy appropriate defence moving through waters known to be vul- measures such as razor wire and fire hoses. nerable to piracy,” said Chess Dynamics Once detected, suspect pirates Managing Director Graham Beall. approaching too closely are flashed with green laser light and an ultra bright, white, Seaborne Laser Warning Detector System high intensity spotlight, supplied by Color- Slovak company Metrodat has launched the Light, Sweden, which intensifies the nearer Lawarec seaborne laser warning detector immediately and engaged effectively. of communication, preparing amphibi- they come to the vessel, helping to repel system (SLWDS), a real-time surveillance This high coverage improves situational ous landings and executing post-conflict a possible boarding. The addition of a system for naval forces that offers rapid awareness, which is crucial as the present- cleanup operations. long-range, narrow beam acoustic hailing and precise threat reconnaissance and day battle scenarios are characterised by a device (AHD), developed by partner Drum- warning in case of an attack. wide use of laser devices. SLWDS is interop- Saab’s Trackfire Remote Weapon Station grange, allows the ship’s crew to warn off Adequate numbers of sensor modules erable and can be fully integrated with any This is a next-generation, light-weight, the pirates before taking further offensive installed at various locations on a ship pro- onboard combat management system. fully-stabilised and remotely-operated action, at distances of up to 1,500 m. vide 360° surveillance in azimuth and 90° weapon and sensor system that provides Designed primarily as a piracy protec- surveillance in elevation. High-speed pro- Saab’s Smart MCM cutting-edge performance. The Trackfire tion system for commercial shipping, seen cessors continuously process the received Swedish company Saab showcased Smart RWS is designed for use on all types of mili- as increasingly at risk, the Crow’s Nest laser signals in real time so that threats MCM which helps in naval mine-warfare tary platforms, including vehicles, vessels device presents a non-lethal deterrent that approaching by air, land or sea are detected mission types, such as protecting sea lines and static emplacements. SP

­communication links may be used to pro- tal assessment (REA) missions. Its modu- depth sensor (AQS-20A) that supports mine bottom and moored mines. The AN/AQS- vide some data back to the host platform lar design permits different payloads. Sea hunting sensors. RMS searches an area five 20A carries port and starboard side-look during the mission. Some of the UUVs are Otter Mk II weighs 1,000 kg, is 3.45 metres times faster and at less than 1/10th the sonars, a forward-look sonar, a gap-filler described in subsequent paragraphs. long, and has 24 hours endurance and top cost of older systems. The RMMV can oper- sonar, and a volume-search sonar or an Alister manufactured by ECA weighs up speed of eight kts. ate at great distances (over the horizon) electro-optical identification sensor for to 960 kg depending on sensor suite and Saab’s modular AUV62-MR for mine with 24-hour endurance. Fuelled for long mine identification. can operate at depths of up to 300 metres. reconnaissance is cylindrical, four, seven endurance, the RMMV’s 370 hp Cummins It has a top speed of 8 kts and endurance or ten metres long, with a 53 cm diam- diesel marine engine and high-efficiency Future Trends in AUV Technology of 12-20 hr. The K-Ster UUV, a 50-kg mine- eter, and weighs 600-1,500 kg. It operates propulsor can drive the seven-metre-long The AUVs operate in highly uncertain killer, completes the company’s range. autonomously at 500 metres. With a top vehicle at speeds exceeding 16 kts. A underwater environment where navigation Kongsberg of Norway’s Hugin AUV speed of more than 20 kts, the vehicle cov- streamlined snorkel/mast—the vehicle’s information from satellites is not directly family comprises models with diameters of ers 20 sq km per hr in REA missions. only visible feature above the waterline— available. While operating under strong 0.75 to one metre, which can be equipped UUVs deployed by the US Navy include draws air into the engine, and provides a currents or other underwater disturbances with sensors and operate in semi-autono- Archerfish by BAE Systems, a single-shot platform for RF antennas and an obstacle AUVs require external references for main- mous or autonomous modes. The Hugin mine killer with a scanning sonar, directed- avoidance system. taining accurate navigation. Currently 1000 has 24-hour endurance and a four- energy warhead, and twin propulsors that Real-time command and control of the AUVs use dead reckoning, INS and acous- kt. cruising speed, while the Hugin 3000 allow it to hover besides a target for remote RMMV—including operational status—are tic systems, which are prone to positional runs for 60 hours. They also manufac- video identification. It can be dropped from relayed to the host ship via one of two drift over extended mission periods. Geo- ture the remote environmental measuring helicopters or launched from surface ships encrypted data communications modes. physical methods utilising information units (Remus) AUV family of UUVs. This and UUVs. The most modern system is the For close-in (line of sight) mine hunt- from AUV’s local environment offer the includes the Remus 100, with a weight of Lockheed Martin AN/WLD-1(RMS) which ing, a high data rate RF link sends back best solution. This would require techno- 37 kg, 19-cm in diameter and operating is a diesel-powered, radio-controlled, continuous VDS sonar data and camera logical advancements in feature extraction depth of 100 metres with 22-hour endur- semi-submersible mine hunter. It is seven video. When over the horizon, a lower RF from sonar data and modelling of under- ance. It can maintain a speed of five kts metres long, weighs 5.8 tonnes and has bandwidth sends snippets of sonar data water dynamic environments. for eight hours. The Remus 600 is 3.25 a top speed of 16 kts. The remote mine and video imagery. During its mine recon- Advances in AUV propulsion and metres long, 32.4 cm in diameter and car- hunting system (RMS) provides the pri- naissance mission, the RMMV deploys and manoeuvring technology have been ries a range of sensors due to its modular mary mine reconnaissance capability in the tows a version of the AN/AQS-20 mine attained in areas of the biology inspired design. It weighs 240 kg, can be configured US Navy’s littoral combat ship (LCS) mine hunting variable depth sensor—designed high lift unsteady hydrodynamics, artifi- to operate at 600, 1,500 or 3,000 metres. countermeasures (MCM) mission package. to detect, classify, localise and identify cial muscle technology and neuroscience It has an endurance of 60-hour and top The RMS addresses a critical mine war- based control. These can improve AUV’s speed of five kts. The Remus 6000 can go fare gap—using unmanned, off board sys- low speed manoeuvring capabilities includ- up to 6,000 metres and has an endurance tems to detect, classify, localise and iden- Mine countermeasure ing hovering, small radius turning, sinking of 22 hour at 862 kg weight. tify bottom and moored mines in littoral and precision station keeping. Atlas Elektronik’s AUVs include the regions—without putting sailors or ships operations are of offensive Mine, the poor nation’s weapon is easy SeaOtter Mk. II and deep-diving Sea Otter in the minefield. It uses an unmanned, to be laid, but very difficult to sweep, Mk. II D. The former is for MCM, ISR (includ- autonomous remote multi-mission vehicle and defensive types requiring herculean efforts in both cost ing on the surface) and rapid environmen- (RMMV) that tows an advanced variable and time. SP

4/2012 9  Naval Air Defence Protecting Blue Water Navy From Air Attacks With the development of air power, ships at sea also became lucrative targets from the air, thus, various types of cannons and guns were placed on board for air defence. Smaller boats and ships have machine-guns or fast cannons, which can be very effective when connected with a radar-fire-control system.

Photograph: US Navy n Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand the rail gun which is an electrically powered The MK-15 Phalanx Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) electromagnetic projectile launcher based aboard the guided-missile cruiser USS Philippine Sea on similar principles to the homopolar he navies are responsible motor which is an electric motor that works for the air defence (AD) of their without the commutator. During February ships at sea while there are 2008, the US Navy tested a rail gun which varying arrangements for their fired a shell at a muzzle velocity (MV) of shore establishments which dif- 5,600 miles (8,960 km) per hour using 10 Tfer from country to country. The earliest megajoules of energy. The MV is expected to deployment of naval personnel in AD exceed 13,000 miles (20,800 km) per hour. was during World War I when in 1914 It is planned to be accurate enough to hit Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) was a five meter target from 200 nautical miles employed in Britain to man AD guns and (370 km), firing at the rate of firing of ten search lights for the defence of ports shots per minute. It is expected to create against German air raids. Those days, AD damage equal to a Tomahawk at a fraction was called anti-aircraft (AA). The German of the cost. At present the rail gun is being air raids increased in 1915 but the then AD developed for static targets but future sys- guns like the 75mm and 3-inch were not tems can be developed for AD role as well. effective. Thus a naval gunnery expert was appointed to make improvements in the Missile Systems guns as well as air defence arrangements, Missiles are employed in the Navy either especially of London. The naval 3-inch gun on board ship as surface-to-air missiles was then adopted for the AD of Britain. (SAMs) or on maritime aircraft for air-to-air This gun was also inducted into the Army. combat in order to provide fleet AD. Some As most of the air attacks were during examples of both types are given below. night, other methods like illumination of the target with search light and acoustic Italy methods for detection were also devel- Aspide: Aspide is an Italian medium- oped. QF 3inch 20cwt (76) gun with a new cannon, originally intended for air-to-ground aerial target becomes more effective. Vari- range air-to-air and surface-to-air mis- field mounting was introduced in 1916. use and heavier artillery systems were com- ous types of fuse systems like barometric, sile which had a semi-active radar-homing With the development of air power, ships monly used for most anti-aircraft gunnery, time delay and proximity were tried out. The seeker. It was very similar to the American at sea also became lucrative targets from the starting with standard pieces on new mount- aim of all this was to improve the cumulative AIM-7 Sparrow. It was employed on F104 air, thus, various types of cannons and guns ings and evolving to specially designed guns kill probability of the system. The control of Starfighter and later on replaced by MBDA’s were placed on board for AD. Smaller boats with much higher performance prior to guns with the help of fire-control radar was Aster. China acquired Aspide Mk 1 and later and ships have machine-guns or fast can- World War II. Initially, the British had the the ultimate refinement which is still current on developed its own version called LY-60. nons, which can be very effective when con- 3-inch gun and the US Navy came up with today but with improvements in the perfor- nected with a radar-fire-control system. The the 1.1”/75 (28mm) gun to replace the inad- mance parameters of guns and fire control Israel Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour brought equate .50 calibre. Smaller AD guns were radars. The 57mm dual purpose naval gun Barak 1: Barak is a shipborne Israeli SAM the use of air attack against ships into the more popular due to their low cost and ease was developed in 1964 by Bofors Defence system which provides point AD against centre stage where a mass air attack was of following the aerial target as compared (which has been a part of BAE Systems AB aircraft, anti-ship missiles, and UAVs. It is carried out by the Imperial Japanese Navy to the heavier guns which were used for since March 2005) and produced in 1966 as meant to replace or complement gun-based against the US naval base at Pearl Harbour, their longer range. Some examples of these 57mm Mark 1. It was initially deployed on CIWS platforms, such as the Phalanx CIWS. Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. It was aimed guns were the 40mm auto-cannon and the smaller coastal patrol craft and fast attack The missiles are mounted in an eight cell to prevent the US fleet from interfering with 8.8 cm FlaK 18, 36 gun, both designed by craft. The gun has been upgraded and container and are launched vertically. The the Japanese operations in the region and Bofors of Sweden. The British Army eventu- improved many a times. During 2004, BAE radar system provides 360 degree coverage took the US Navy by complete surprise. The ally adopted the QF 3.7 inch AA gun as the Systems AB developed Mk 110 57mm gun and can engage an incoming missile as close US Naval Fleet at Pearl Harbour was attacked most commonly used type. Britain also had and offered it to the US Coast Guard and the as 500 metres away from the ship. Its opera- by 353 Japanese fighters, bombers and tor- QF 4.7 inch Mk VIII naval gun, QF 4 inch Mk US Navy in 2006, since it has been deployed tional range is 10-12 km and flight altitude is pedo planes which were launched from six V,QF 5.25 inch Mark I naval gun and QF 4 on littoral combat ships of the US Navy like from 500 m-5.5 km. It is in service with the aircraft carriers. The air raid was carried out inch Mk XVI naval guns during World War II. USS Independence and USS Freedom. Indian Navy. Its successor called Barak II and in two waves and was able to sink four US Mk XVI version spilled into the cold war era. Phalanx Close in Weapon System Barak 8 is also under development which will battle ships and damage eight. They also The Japanese used 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type (CIWS): This system was designed and have longer range. It is manufactured by IAI managed to sink/damage three cruisers, naval AA gun on many Japanese ships built manufactured by the General Dynamics and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training between 1910 and 1930. 10cm/65 Type 98 Corporation, Pomona Division (now a part ship, one minelayer and destroy 188 US air- AA gun was used on their 1942 Akizuki of Raytheon). Phalanx was developed as a United States craft. At least 2,402 US personnel were killed class destroyer, aircraft carrier Taihõ and close in weapon system which would pro- AIM-7 Sparrow: AIM-7 Sparrow is an US, and 1,282 wounded. There was also massive Japanese cruiser Õyodo. The 40mm Bofors vide terminal defence or point defence medium-range semi-active radar homing damage to the shore establishments of the AA gun became extremely popular with the against anti-ship missiles including high-g air-to-air missile used by the US Air Force, base. The attack came as a shock to the US, navy as well as the army and was deployed and manoeuvring sea-skimmers. It is radar Navy and Marine Corps. It is also used by leading it to join World War II and declare in large numbers. controlled and has 20mm calibre 6 barrel other countries. Sparrow and its versions war on Japan. Since then there has been no There were many other refinements in Gatling gun. Phalanx CIWS is a universally were the US’ and its ally’s beyond visual looking back at the use of air power against the guns and ammunition. The sighting sys- accepted system which is deployed on range (BVR) air-to-air missile from the the Navy at sea. Many type of sensors and tem was improved, hydraulics was added to every class of surface combat ship by the late 1950s until the 1990s. It is still in ser- weapons have been designed especially for the traverse and elevation gears so that the US Navy. The US Coast Guard has deployed vice and is being phased out by AIM-120 use against naval ships and submarines. it on Hamilton class and Legend class cut- advanced medium-range air-to-air missile ter. It is also deployed with navies of 23 (AMRAAM). The range can vary from 32 Air Defence Guns Many type of sensors and nations. The US Navy began deploying it on to 50 km depending on the version. It is There has been a continuous evolution in the selected non-combatant vessels in 1984. manufactured by Raytheon. development of AD gun systems. The gun- weapons have been designed The CIWS can be used effectively against RIM-162 Evolved Sea Sparrow Mis- nery solution for moving targets is complex, any low flying object in the terminal stage. sile (ESSM): ESSM has been developed and for aerial targets, it becomes even more especially for use against Rail Gun: The gun systems have almost from RIM-7 Sea Sparrow missile which was difficult as the target can simultaneously reached a plateau with respect to range, rate employed to protect ships from attacking move in three dimensions at supersonic naval ships and submarines of fire and ammunition. A highly futuristic missiles and aircraft. ESSM is designed to

www.spsnavalforces.net speed. Adaptations of the standard auto- system is being developed in the US called counter supersonic manoeuvring anti-ship

10 4/2012 Naval Air Defence

missiles, it is larger than Sea Sparrow, has a and land. It has an operational range of 240 Germany rotary wing aircraft, ships and other small more powerful rocket motor for increased km and is manufactured by Raytheon. Interactive Defence and Attack System craft, coastal targets, and floating mines. It range and agility and has a range of 50 km. AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air- for Submarines (IDAS): IDAS is a short- has a range of four km. It is manufactured by Raytheon. to-Air Missile (AMRAAM): AMRAAM is a range SAM currently being developed for Kashtan: Kashtan is a modern CIWS RIM-66 Standard MR (SM-1MR/SM- state-of-the-art air-to-air BVR which has the new Type 212 submarine class of the naval air defence gun-missile system 2MR): RIM-66 is a medium-range SAM active guidance and is a fire-and-forget mis- German Navy by Diehl BGT Defence and deployed by the Russian Navy. Generally it developed for the US Navy to replace RIM-2 sile system. AMRAAM is successor to AIM-7 HDW. IDAS is based on the IRIS-T air-to- is deployed as a combined gun and mis- Terrier and RIM-24 Tartar deployed on Sparrow missile series. The new missile is air missile and designed to counter air sile system to provide defence against many US ships since the 1950s. The RIM-67 faster, smaller, lighter, and has improved threats like helicopters and can also take anti-ship missiles, anti-radar missiles and Standard (SM-1ER/SM-2ER) is an extended capabilities against low flying targets. It on small- or medium-sized surface ves- guided bombs. The system can also be range version with an operational range has a data link to guide the missile to a sels or coastal land targets. IDAS will be employed against fixed or rotary wing air- from 74 to 170 km. Vertical launch has point where its active radar switches on fibre-optic guided and is likely to have a craft or surface vessels or targets on shore. been used in the US Navy since 2003 and for providing terminal guidance. Its opera- range of about 20 km. Four missiles will fit The range is from 500 to 8,000 metres and the latest version is deployed on ships like tional range varies from 55 to more than in one torpedo tube, stored in a magazine is deployed on Talwar class frigates. Ticonderoga class cruisers and Arleigh 180 km. AMRAAM is required to be inte- and can fire while being submerged. IDAS Shtil-1: Shtil is a ship-based derivative Burke class destroyers. Raytheon is the grated on smaller aircraft like Sea Harrier. is likely to go into service during 2014. of the proven Buk-M1 SAM system. It is a main manufacturer of this system. The US Navy plans to integrate them with Principal Anti-Air Missile System medium-range SAM system designed to RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 (SM-3): This F/A-1C8 Hornet and F/A-18E/F Super (PAAMS): PAAMS is a joint French/Italian/ engage multiple targets simultaneously. is a ship-based missile system used by the British programme for a naval SAM system. It can engage supersonic aircraft and anti- US Navy to intercept short- to intermediate- UK The prime contractor is EUROPAAMS, a ship missiles flying at a maximum speed of range ballistic missiles as a part of Aegis Sea Wolf: Sea Wolf is a naval guided missile joint venture between Eurosam and MBDA Mach 2.5. Dolgoprudniy Scientific and Pro- Ballistic Missile Defense System with a system designed and built by BAC, which subsidiary UKAMS. MBDA also owns 66 per duction Plant was the developing agency. range of more than 500 km. It has also been later became British Aerospace (BAe) Dynam- cent of Eurosam. The system uses Aster It is installed on many Indian Navy ships employed in an anti-satellite role against a ics and now MBDA. It is a point-defence 15/Aster30 missiles. The Royal Navy has of Russian origin. satellite at the lower end of the low earth weapon system capable of taking on both designated PAAAMS as Sea Viper. Barak: Barak 1 is fitted on many orbit. It is deployed with the US Navy and sea-skimming and high angle anti-ship mis- Indian Navy ships. During 2007, India and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. It is siles and aircraft. The Royal Navy is using Indian Navy Israel had signed a joint venture develop- manufactured by Raytheon and Aerojet. two versions of it, i.e. the GWS-25 Conven- ment contract for the development of RIM-174 Standard Extended Range tionally Launched Sea Wolf and the GWS-26 AD Guns a next generation of Barak SAM. It has Active Missile (ERAM): It is also called Vertically Launched Sea Wolf. The UK MoD AK-630: It is of Russian origin and is a been designated many names like Barak Standard Missile 6 (SM-6) and is the latest has contacted MBDA to carry out a study fully automatic naval CIWS based on a six- SAM, Barak 8, Barak NG (next generation) system. It is designed for extended range to decide the successor of Sea Wolf which barrelled 30mm Gatling gun. The guns pri- and medium-range SAM (MRSAM). It is anti-air warfare (ER-AAW) role against fixed will be in service till 2018. This system has mary role is defence against anti-ship mis- expected to have a range of 70 km and and rotary-wing aircraft, UAVs and anti- now been designated the future local anti-air siles and other precision guided weapons, will be employed by the Army, Navy and ship cruise missiles in flight, both over sea defence system (Maritime) or FLAADS (M). but it can also be employed against fixed or the Air Force. SP

 News

Appointments Construction of new dry dock oped by BEL provides total scalable surveillance solu- A new dry dock is under construction at Naval Dock- tion. The system presents the complete surveillance zz Air Chief Marshal N.A.K. Browne has taken over as the yard, Mumbai by HCC Ltd, an experienced contractor scenario on digital maps at a centralised CC where the Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee from Admiral Nirmal in marine works, under the supervision of Haskoning information is processed and archived. The system can Verma who retired on August 31. India, subsidiary of Haskoning, UK. also be used as an aid for search and rescue operations. zz Vice Admiral S.P.S. Cheema, Deputy Chief of Integrated Staff The construction necessitates underwater rock The CCs provide the operator with all the required (DOT) has been appointed as Chief of Integrated Defence blasting, which is expected to continue, with some capabilities to remotely control the sensors on the net- Staff to the Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (CISC). intervals, for a few months to facilitate removal of work, present the tactical situation assessment picture, zz Vice Admiral R.K. Pattanayak, Controller Personnel obstruction. The operation is being undertaken, with support mission planning such as interception, search Services, Integrated Headquarters, MoD (Navy) has been all statutory approvals, including that of the Petroleum and rescue and meet any user specific requirements. appointed as Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff and Explosives Safety Organisation, Navi Mumbai. The (Doctrine, Organisation & Training) at Headquarters blasts are being carried out in a controlled manner to Vice Admiral Shekhar Sinha takes over Integrated Defence Staff. ensure total safety in the vicinity. The blast intensity is Western Naval Command zz Rear Admiral Girish Luthra, Assistant Chief of Integrated controlled well below specified safety norms to avoid Defence Staff, on promotion to Vice Admiral has been damage to ships and marine structures. appointed as Assistant Chief of Naval Staff (IW Ops), Integrated Headquarters, MoD (Navy). coastal radar network inaugurated zz Rear Admiral H.C.S. Bisht, Assistant Chief of Personnel (Human Resources Development), on promotion to Vice Admiral has been appointed as Controller Personnel Services, Integrated Headquarters, MoD (Navy). zz Rear Admiral G.V. Ravindran, Project Director (Operations & Training), Headquarters, ATVP, has been appointed as Deputy Commandant, Indian Naval Academy. zz Rear Admiral B.K. Verma, Assistant Chief of Naval Staff Vice Admiral Shekhar Sinha has taken over as the Flag (IW Ops) has been appointed as Flag Officer, Special Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Naval Com- Purpose Vehicles & Advanced Operating Base, Integrated mand from Vice Admiral D.K. Joshi at a ceremonial Headquarters, MoD (Navy). parade at INS Shikra, Mumbai, on August 28, 2012. zz Rear Admiral Kapil Gupta, Assistant Controller, Carrier Defence Minister A.K. Antony inaugurated the Regional Vice Admiral Sinha was commissioned on June 1, Projects, has been appointed as Additional Director Operating Centre (ROC) at Mumbai and the Remote 1974, into Naval Aviation Fighter Stream. He graduated General, National Cadet Corps. Operating Station (ROS) at Porbandar on August 25, as Flying Instructor from FIS, Tambaram. He has flown zz Rear Admiral S.Y. Shrikhande, Chief of Staff, Southern 2012. ROC, Mumbai, and ROS, Porbandar, are part of over 2,700 hours on 18 different types, mostly from Naval Command, has been appointed as Assistant the coastal radar network which has been envisaged to the aircraft carriers Vikrant and Viraat on the Sea Har- Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Financial Planning), provide security cover for the coastline. This has been rier. He has held Command of two Sea Harrier Squad- Headquarters, Integrated Defence Staff. developed by the Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) for rons and the Naval Air Station at Goa. He is an alumnus zz Rear Admiral L.V.S. Babu, Deputy Commandant, Indian Naval the Indian Coast Guard. of the Defence Services Staff College, College of Naval Academy, has been appointed as Assistant Chief of Naval BEL is setting up a chain of Remote Sensor Stations Warfare and National Defence College. He is a recipi- Staff (Submarines), Integrated Headquarters, MoD (Navy). along the coastline of India as part of the coastal radar ent of PVSM, AVSM and gallantry awards of NSM & Bar. zz Rear Admiral Srikant, Flag Officer, Submarines, has been network. Static sensors such as radars, VHF commu- appointed as Project Director (Operations & Training), nication systems, electro-optic sensors and meteoro- Former Swedish Ambassador to lead Headquarters, ATVP. logical sensors are installed at these remote sensor sta- Saab in India zz Rear Admiral G. Ashok Kumar, Flag Officer, Sea Training, has tions to monitor the coastline. Electro-optic sensors Saab has announced the appointment been appointed as Chief of Staff, Southern Naval Command. provide visual detection and identification of targets. of Lars-Olof Lindgren as head of Market zz Rear Admiral M.S. Pawar, Officer on Special Duty to Chief of VHF communication system is provided for communi- Area India from December 1. He suc- Personnel, has been appointed as Flag Officer, Sea Training. cation with the targets at sea. Information systems are ceeds Jan Widerström. Lars-Olof Lind- zz Commodore Ravneet Singh, Commanding Officer, INS correlated to provide a composite operating picture at gren was the Ambassador of Sweden to Hansa, on promotion to Rear Admiral has been appointed operating centres. A cluster of remote sensor stations India between 2007 and 2012. Before as Assistant Controller Carrier Projects, Integrated are linked to ROS, enabling transfer of real-time data. taking office in the Embassy of Sweden, Headquarters, MoD (Navy). The remote operating stations are linked to ROC, which New Delhi, Lars-Olof Lindgren was the zz Commodore S.V. Bhokare, Chief Staff Officer (Operations), in turn are connected to the Control Centre (CC). State Secretary to the Prime Minister dealing with Inter- Eastern Naval Command, on promotion to Rear Admiral The network-centric coastal radar network devel- national Affairs and the European Union. SP has been appointed as Flag Officer, Submarines.

4/2012 11  Interview ‘Boeing sees great value in partnering with India’

Dennis D. Swanson is now the International Business Development Vice President for Boeing Defence, Space and Security in India. In an interview with SP’s Naval Forces, Swanson spoke at length about Boeing’s plans to deepen its presence in the country through long-term and strategy partnerships. Excerpts from the interview:

SP’s Naval Forces (SP’s): Could you give Tata Advanced Materials Limited (TAML) partnership programmes. We have brought ing. The Boeing team works hand-in-hand an update on Indian Navy’s P-8I project? are contributing to components that will benefits valued at more than $42 billion to with BEL personnel, with plans to create a Dennis D. Swanson (Swanson): The P-8I be integrated on P-8 and P-8I. nearly 40 countries over the past 30 years. BEL node in the future. programme is progressing very well and we zz HAL builds P-8I weapon bay doors, We will leverage this success to deliver off- In addition to defence public sector are on track to deliver the first aircraft to identification friend or foe transponder set programmes to India that are in line with undertakings (DPSUs), private industry the Indian Navy in 2013. (IFFT) and tail cones. India’s defence procurement policies and companies play a large role in Boeing’s In July this year, we witnessed two key zz BEL builds data link, identification that meet the Indian Government’s goals industrial strategy. Dynamatic Technolo- milestones of the P-8I programme. The first friend or foe interrogator (IFFI) and to strengthen indigenous aerospace and gies and Tata Advanced Materials Limited flight of the second aircraft that India will finger printing equipment for the P-8I. defence capabilities, enhance its self-reliance have already delivered P-8I power and mis- receive took place in Seattle. The first P-8I zz Avantel delivers the mobile satellite and national security, and position Indian sion equipment cabinets and TAML is on aircraft for the Indian Navy began its offi- systems for the P-8I. industry for growth in the global market. contract to provide P-8I auxiliary power cial flight test programme, which includes zz ECIL builds speech secrecy systems for We continue to work with private sector, unit (APU) door fairings. Avantel has deliv- mission tests of sensors and communica- the P-8I. government sector and industry to expand ered the P-8I mobile satellite systems. tion systems. The team will transition to zz Dynamatic Technologies (DTL) provides our partnerships. Boeing sees great value in Beyond direct work placement, Boeing ‘stores’ tests during which the P-8I will P-8I power equipment cabinets and partnering with India. HAL is currently con- collaborates with Indian industrial partners carry inert weapon shapes under its wings mission equipment cabinets. TAML is a tracted to manufacture the F/A-18 gun bay on lean manufacturing techniques and Boe- to demonstrate that the aircraft is capable sub-tier supplier to DTL and provides door, F/A-18 wire harnesses, P-8I weapons ing’s programme management and supplier of carrying all the weapons the Indian Navy composite materials. bay doors, P-8I tail cones, and P-8I identi- management best practices. Boeing also is will use during regular missions. zz TATA builds APU door fairings and fication friend or foe transponder. Bharat looking at ways to partner with several small P-8I flight and weapons testing follows radomes. Electronics Limited has delivered the Indian- and medium enterprises throughout India. on the heels of similar testing for the US Boeing was selected to provide eight designed Data Link II for the P-8I, a commu- Navy’s P-8A Poseidon. P-8I is a variant of P-8I long-range maritime reconnaissance nications system that will enable exchange SP’s: What is your reaction to the Indian the Poseidon. and anti-submarine warfare aircraft to the of tactical data and messages between the Government’s recently announced In order to efficiently design and build Indian Navy in January 2009. India is the Indian Navy aircraft, ships and shore estab- revised guidelines under the defence the P-8I and the P-8A, the Boeing-led team first international customer for the P-8 and lishments. BEL has also delivered the iden- offset policy; making transfers of tech- is using a first-in-industry, in-line produc- Boeing believes that there are numerous tification friend or foe interrogator, a battle nology or acquisition of technology by tion process that draws on the company’s other opportunities for international sales management system that will enable P-8I Indian companies eligible for offsets? Next-Generation 737 production system. to countries currently operating P-3s or aircraft to distinguish friendly aircraft and Swanson: Boeing supports the Indian The P-8I features open system archi- similar maritime patrol aircraft. forces. Finally, BEL is on contract to pro- Government as their offset policy contin- tecture, advanced sensor and display tech- On follow-on options, the P-8I’s base- vide F/A-18 cockpit panels and has already ues to evolve. Boeing remains committed nologies, and a worldwide base of suppli- line contract had a provision for four fol- started delivering on that contract. to delivering offset programmes that are ers, parts and support equipment. The P-8I low-on aircraft. Any additional information Boeing has also partnered with BEL to in line with India’s Defence Procurement aircraft are built by a Boeing-led industry regarding contract negotiations for the establish the Boeing Analysis & Experi- Procedure (DPP) and that meet the Indian team that includes CFM International, four additional aircraft will need to come mentation Centre (A&E Centre) in Febru- Government’s goals to strengthen indig- Northrop Grumman, Raytheon, Spirit Aero- from the Indian Navy at this time. ary 2010. Based in Bengaluru, the centre enous aerospace and defence capabili- Systems, BAE Systems and GE Aviation. provides defence experimentation and ties, enhance its self-reliance and national We are proud that a series of Indian sup- SP’s: Could you give details of Boeing’s decision support services to understand security, and position Indian industry for pliers such as the Hindustan Aeronautics endeavours for creating opportunities/ the future warfighting needs of the Indian growth in the global market. SP Limited (HAL), Bharat Electronics Limited partnerships in India towards offsets? armed forces. The centre is staffed with (BEL), Avantel, Electronics Corporation of Swanson: Boeing has an unmatched repu- former Indian military personnel and mod- For complete versions, log on to: India (ECIL), Dynamatic Technologies and tation for delivering world-class industrial elling and simulation engineers from Boe- www.spsnavalforces.net

 Procurement Scope of Offsets Enlarged India gives OEMs (original equipment manufactures) more leeway

n Vishal Thapar added to the list of offsetable items. The extension of offset banking to seven years. Offset credits have been more clearly category of Internal Security has been fur- Maximum time permissible to dis- defined. The value of imported components ther widened and clarified under the new charge offset obligations has been relaxed will be discounted. In terms of investment everal key demands of foreign heads of Inland and Coastal Security. Ear- to two years beyond the duration of the for offsets, a clear distinction has been OEMs have been incorporated into lier, only 13 categories of defence items main contract. drawn between FDI and investment in kind. India’s Revised Defence Offsets Pol- were permitted as offsets. Also, there will be limited liability in A Defence Offset Management Wing icy, which was put in place recently. In another significant concession, Ser- case of default. A penalty of 5 per cent will has been introduced under the Department The objective is to make offsets vices will be treated as offsets. Repair will be charged on unfulfilled obligations, with of Defence Production as the sole agency to Sdelivery more doable. Worries were being also be permissible. Earlier, only mainte- an overall cap of 20 per cent. Earlier, a five ensure fulfilment of offset obligations after expressed by foreign suppliers over deliver- nance, and not repair, was allowed. This per cent compounding penalty was pre- the signing of the contract. It’ll be headed ability because offsets obligations for big had implications for investments in main- scribed with no upper limit stated. OEMs by a joint secretary. The pre-contract deals like the MMRCA are to the tune of tenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facili- stand to be barred for five years in case of responsibility for approving offsets will $10 billion (`55,000 crore . The OEMs have ties. Research and Development will also non-fulfillment of obligations. continue to be with the Acquisitions Wing. to buy or export from India permitted items be treated as an offsetable service, pro- Multipliers will be offered as encour- OEMs will be required to file a half- to discharge offsets obligations. vided such facilities are set up at Govern- agement for introducing MSMEs as Indian yearly offset discharge progress report. The list of items available for discharge ment-recognised facilities. Offset Partners. Transfer of technology An annual appraisal will be done by the of offsets have now been expanded. These A significant concession in the revised both to the DRDO and private sector will Defence Acquisition Council, with the joint include more types of ships under the cat- policy is the right of the OEM to change the also earn multipliers. Transfer of dual use secretary Defence Offset Management egory ‘Vessels of War’. Under the DPP 2011, Indian Offset Partner (IOP) as well as the technology will be entitled to additional Wing submitting an annual report on prog-

SP www.spsnavalforces.net Internal Security and Civil Aerospace were offset item. Other highlights include the multipliers. ress of all offset programmes.

12 4/2012 Diplomacy Militarisation of the Arctic Region

There is the need to develop necessary military capability to hedge against the future military postures of potential adversaries. Militarisation of the Arctic may therefore be an irreversible trend. n Commander (Retd) Neil Gadihoke between the Arctic nations, insofar as the spaces under the ice cap which are inacces- region. Norway is transforming its military future of the Arctic Ocean is concerned. sible to the scientist community at large. forces that can be deployed in the Arctic. If the Arctic events have the potential to A report by the US National Academy of Besides building the five Aegis capable frig- n the past two centuries, territorial increase tensions over jurisdictional con- Sciences has warned that climate change ates, a few guided missile patrol vessels expansion into the Arctic has taken trol of the Arctic resources, it would surely could upset the delicate security balance in and ice-capable Coast Guard vessels are place without the kind of wars and result in aggressive postures by nations in the Arctic—even among close allies—and also under construction. friction that has characterised expan- the region. The situation, left to it could that the US may be unprepared for the chal- sion of national sovereignty in the mutate into an analogy of the Spartly lenges ahead. Further, a recent study pre- Denmark Iworld’s temperate zones. The underlying Islands dispute (in South China Sea), where pared for the US Navy has warned that the The Danish Government announced an reason being that for a long time this polar numerous states claim sovereignty but no US needs to build up its military readiness Arctic plan for the period 2010-14 and region was regarded as having limited clear picture of ownership exists. in the Arctic where melting summer sea ice drew plans to spend an additional 600 mil- economic value. However, in the present is setting up a global struggle for resources. lion kroner (about $99 million) annually, era, the warmer climate, new technologies Russian Federation a part of which was meant for enhancing for the extraction of hydrocarbons and Among the Arctic littorals, Russia has Canada the defence of Greenland and give the increasing interest for northern maritime been most aggressive in articulating its Canada’s military regularly conducts three Thule base (in Greenland) a central role in routes are igniting a new great game in military strategy for the Arctic region. The major operations related to the Arctic i.e. its Arctic military strategy. The Thule base the Arctic. It was with this background Commander of Land Forces of Russia has Operation Nanook in the Eastern Arctic, has been under the operational command that in 2007, the Arctic littoral countries informed the Federation Council Commit- Operation Nunalivut in the High Arctic and of the US since World War II and it has a woke up to the shocking news that Russia tee on Defence and Security that there were Operation Nunakput in the Western Arctic. monitoring station for the US Ballistic Mis- had planted a titanium flag on the Arctic plans to raise a special motorised infantry These are joint operations and focus on sile Warning System and also has military seabed. This planting of the Russian flag brigade for operations in the Arctic. The interoperability and cooperation among satellite ground facilities. The Royal Danish by two mini-submarines named Mir-1 and Navy has maintained round the year pres- Photograph: US Navy Mir-2 that had dived 4,200 metres below ence of Greenland supported by Agdlek the North Pole was a symbolic move aimed Seawolf class submarine USS Connecticut (SSN 22) class patrol vessels. These vessels are at showcasing Russia’s claim to the terri- as it surfaces above the ice during ICEX 2011 specifically designed for surveillance and tory by proving that Russia’s continental patrol operations. shelf spreads to the North Pole. The Russian action has set in motion a Indian perspective subtle, yet a conscious process of arming by It is therefore clear that compared to Arc- the Arctic littorals i.e. Canada, Denmark, Fin- tic’s previous standards, the region is land, Norway, and the US. The North Atlantic now buzzing with military activity. Given Treaty Organisation (NATO) has also shown the stakes, the tensions in the region may interest in the strategic developments in the increase significantly in the years ahead. Arctic region which has invited sharp reac- For India, from the fluidity of the Arctic tion from Russia. Interestingly, China has situation emerge a few imponderables and also formulated an Arctic strategy that cur- questions. In view of the competing terri- rently has no military connotations but can torial claims and the immense potential of be tailored to meet its future needs. untapped energy sources, increased mili- Five different countries border the tarisation of the Arctic may be inevitable. Arctic but only two international borders, The Arctic sovereignty issues may result namely the Russian-Norwegian and the US- in diverting the naval forces of the con- Canadian, run overland, and none of them cerned countries to the Arctic with conse- are disputed. There are, however, disagree- quent diminishing presence in other parts ments concerning the extension of coastal Brigade is expected to be of about 8,000 various related departments in the north of of the globe. If this results in diverting the state sovereignty in the Polar Sea. There soldiers and will be based at Pechenga Canada. Operation Nanook started in 2007 US Navy from the India Ocean region (IOR), is also divergence over Norway’s claim to near Russia-Norway border. Interestingly, and is one of the major Arctic sovereignty which regional navies are likely to fill the the continental shelf and the exclusive eco- the Russian Defence Ministry also noted and emergency exercise and involves power vacuum? This is an issue that will nomic zone (EEZ) around Svalbard islands that the composition and the equipment patrolling, military manoeuvres and oil mandate deep strategic thought by India. and between Canada and the US in the of the Arctic Brigade were decided keeping spill containment exercises. On another level, as the Arctic becomes the Beaufort Sea. In addition, the maritime bor- in mind the Norwegian and Finnish Arctic geopolitical pivot between great powers, der between Canada and Denmark in the forces. Further, the Russian Navy has plat- Norway the Arctic hydrocarbon resources will have Nares straits (i.e. between Ellesmere Island forms specifically designed for combat in In 2009, Norway relocated its Operational significant strategic implications for India and Greenland) is disputed. the Arctic regions. These are based at Mur- Command Headquarters from Stavanger and China, who will in the coming decades The situation is especially dangerous mansk and the Siberian and Far Eastern in the south to Reitan outside Bodo in the be the largest consumers of hydrocarbon because there are currently no broad politi- military districts. north, in order to obtain better knowledge resources, as per current projections. cal agreements or comprehensive legal of the activities and development trends in It is evident that the Arctic states have structures that can provide for the orderly United States the High North to national interests in the undertaken a review of their military strat- development of the region or mediate polit- Apart from Russia, it is the US and Canada egy keeping in mind the changing landscape ical disagreements over Arctic resources that have the biggest stakes in the Arctic. of the Arctic and decided to develop their or sea lanes. The Arctic Council formed With its military budget stretched thin by The Arctic states have military capabilities for operations in the in 1996 exists to address environmental Iraq, Afghanistan and more pressing issues Arctic region. A host of military platforms issues, but has remained silent on security elsewhere, the US has been something undertaken a review of their including ice capable surface ships, subma- and territorial concerns. Even within the of a reluctant northern power, though its rines and land forces are being deployed and Arctic community, not all nations are per- nuclear powered submarine fleet, which military strategy keeping in the regional countries are engaging in joint ceived as equal. As a case in point, when can navigate for months under water and and multilateral military exercises. Without the Arctic nations met in Ilulissat (Green- below the ice cap, remains second to none. mind the changing landscape doubt, the primary driver for these develop- land) in 2008, only five were invited. Two In 2011, the US Navy deployed USS New ments is an acknowledgement of the fact that Arctic nations, Sweden and Finland, were Hampshire and USS Connecticut (nuclear- of the Arctic and decided the unfolding attributes of the Arctic region excluded because they do not have Arctic powered submarines) in Arctic waters for to develop their military are vital to the interests of the Arctic coun- coastlines. Iceland, which lies just below the ICEX-2011, a series of exercises for tries. Hence there is the need to develop nec- the Arctic Circle, but would play a large role Arctic training. The submarines also sup- capabilities for operations in essary military capability to hedge against in the Arctic shipping routes development, port the Science Ice Exercise (SCICEX) pro- the future military postures of potential was also not invited. The Ilulissat meet- gramme which was started in 1993 and the Arctic region adversaries. Militarisation of the Arctic may ing was reminder of the symbolic divide allows the American scientists’ access to therefore be an irreversible trend. SP

4/2012 13  News News in Brief

By SP’s Special Correspondent Indian Navy Sea Kings upgrade process soon we move closer to P-8I aircraft joining the Indian Navy,” said Rear Admiral D.M. Sudan, Assistant Chief of Naval Indian Navy floats tender for Staff (Air), Indian Navy. 56 utility ­helicopters After inviting information in 2010, the Indian Navy has First Indian carrier not before 2017 floated a tender for 56 naval utility helicopters (NUH) from In another major delay dogging India’s most ambitious global vendors. The Navy is looking to replace its Chetak shipbuilding effort, the country’s debut home-built air- and multi-role anti-submarine torpedo carrying helicop- craft carrier of the new Vikrant class will not be commis- ters with suitable new-build light utility helicopters. “The sioned into service with the Indian Navy before 2017— helicopter should be a wheeled twin-engine helicopter of putting down a cumulative delay of six years from initial modern airframe design with modern, proven, reliable projections. The fresh projection is a two-year delay over and fuel-efficient engines and fully-integrated advanced and above the last time frame of 2015. avionics,” the Navy has stipulated in its RFP. Navy Chief Admiral Nirmal Verma has indicated The Navy wants interested contenders to field helicop- serious problems in the installation of gearboxes, com- ters that are IFR capable with dual controls but capable of pounded by an unfortunate road accident from Pune single pilot operations (the default operational crew being Long delayed already, the Indian Navy is likely to begin to Kochi in which a truck freighting generators for the two pilots and an aircrew man diver). The day and night the process to choose a package to upgrade its fleet of brand new aircraft carrier met with an accident, compel- missions to be undertaken by the new fleet would include ageing Westland Sea King Mk.42B utility/ASW helicopters ling Cochin Shipyard Ltd to send the equipment back to search and rescue, casualty evacuation (CASEVAC), logis- shortly. The upgrade involves sprucing up the Sea Kings the OEM for inspection and repair. When the Navy Chief tics and communication duties including under slung with new avionics, electronic warfare suites, communica- was asked about the follow on aircraft carrier (which may cargo, limited observation and surveillance, limited elec- tion kits and an all-new weapons suite, including anti-ship or may not be built at CSL), reported to be in line to be tronic intelligence (ELINT) gathering, anti-submarine and anti-submarine munitions. christened Vishal, the Navy Chief said, “It’s too soon to warfare (ASW) attack with light torpedo/depth charge, The Navy is currently weighing upgrade packages talk about that. I’ve got more pressing priorities now.” It provide dynamic response during aid to civil authorities, offered by the OEM AgustaWestland (backed by a consor- is known that the Vishal class of carrier will be a larger anti-terrorism/anti-piracy with small arms. tium of European companies for the electronic suites), class of over 60,000 tonnes. Naval designers and planners The Navy stipulates that the helicopter must be able to and Israeli packages that includes IAI-Lahav and Elbit. The are currently deliberating over the design philosophies operate from small decks and larger decks up to aircraft upgrade of roughly 20 Sea Kings comes at a time when that the new class will be imbued with including aircraft carrier in adverse weather by day and night. Significantly, the Navy is near to making a decision on a contract that launch configuration, propulsion and other dynamics. the Navy is looking to replace its single-engine Chetaks will begin the process of augmenting and progressively with twin-engine NUHs. replacing the old Sea Kings. The MRH competition for 16 Strategic Forces Command exercises Agni-I multi-role helicopters, in which Sikorsky’s S-70B Seahawk India’s nuclear command, the Strategic Forces Command Delayed Project 75 India submarine tender is understood to have the lead over NHIndustries’ NH90. (SFC) has once again exercised the 700-km range nuclear Already constrained with dwindling submarine numbers The Navy will also soon begin the process on the fol- capable Agni-I ballistic missile. The missile was success- and availability—and facing systemic delays in the initia- low-on N-MRH competition for at least 75 helicopters—a fully launched 1006 hours on July 13 from Wheeler Island tion of the `50,000 crore Project 75 ‘India’ for six brand total of 91 choppers to replace India’s dwindling number off the coast of Odisha. “It was a textbook launch meeting new diesel-electric attack submarines fitted with air-inde- of Sea Kings. The N-MRH programme will involve a com- all mission objectives and the missile reached the target pendent propulsion, to be built mostly in country, the petition between the Lockheed-Martin MH-60R, NH90 and point in the Bay of Bengal following the prescribed trajec- MoD is finally ready to float the elusive tender, nearly two perhaps even the Eurocopter EC725 Super Cougar. tory,” said Dr Avinash Chander, Chief Controller R&D (Mis- years after the RFI was issued in September 2010. siles & Strategic Systems) and Agni Programme Director. The platforms likely to compete for the line, which Boeing begins official flight testing The Agni-I was launched from a road mobile launcher will involve two submarines built at OEM shipyards, and on P-8I Neptune for Indian Navy system and was tracked by radar and telemetry stations four in country, include the Rubin Design Bureau Amur located along the coastline. Two Indian Navy warships 1650, German HDW class 214, Spanish Navantia S-80, located near the target point tracked the missile in its ter- French DCNS Scorpene and the Swedish Kockums A26. minal phase of the flight. The Agni-I is already a part of With the existing Scorpene line at the Mazagon Dock Ltd India’s nuclear deterrence arsenal. running slightly behind schedule, the Navy is under pres- sure to get the RFP out as soon as possible. Eurocopter pitches naval Panther for NUH While outgoing Navy Chief Admiral Nirmal Verma played down the delays in floating the tender, it is understood that several modalities over configuration took vast amounts of time, creating delays between the RFI and RFP process.

new airport surveillance radars

Meeting schedules ahead of the deliveries starting 2013, Boeing has officially begun flight testing of the Indian Navy’s first P-8I Neptune long-range maritime reconnais- sance (LRMR) aircraft. The first of the eight jets being built at the company’s facility in Renton, Washington, entered official flight testing on July 7 taking off from Boeing Field in Seattle at 9:15 a.m. and landing three hours and 49 minutes later after demonstrating flying qualities and The recently floated naval utility helicopter (NUH) pro- handling characteristics. According to Boeing, the flight gramme is likely to be fought closely, with as many as five went as planned with all test objectives met. choppers that fit the bill and expected to throw their hat The Indian Navy has ordered a total of eight such jets, in the ring. Eurocopter, currently awaiting a decision on with four more likely to be contracted. According to Boe- India’s reconnaissance and surveillance helicopter (RSH) In an effort to ramp up navigation and surveillance sys- ing, during the coming months, Boeing test pilots will put competition for 197 helicopters for the IAF and Army, will tems at its airfields across the country, the Indian Navy the P-8I, through its paces over a US Navy test range west be pitching its AS565 MB Panther for the NUH bid. has announced interest in acquiring an unspecified num- of Neah Bay, Washington, and a joint US/Canadian test The AS565 MB Panther is the military version of Euro- ber of airport surveillance radars (ASR), including a sec- range in the Strait of Georgia. “Today’s flight is another copter’s multi-role, twin-engine Dauphin family—whose ondary surveillance radar for its naval air stations. The on-time milestone for the programme. We’ll start testing largest civilian operator is Pawan Hans Helicopters Ltd. ASR will be used to detect aircraft and helicopters, auto- the P-8I’s mission system, which includes its sensors and The mission equipment and systems integrated on these matically track them, identify cooperative air targets with communication systems. The team then will transition to rotorcraft include anti-ship missiles, search torpedoes, respect to aircraft identification, altitude, etc, and provi- ‘stores’ tests during which the P-8I will carry inert weapon surveillance and weather radars, Electro-optical system sion of SSR data on the radar display and weather data to shapes under its wings to demonstrate that the aircraft is (EOS) with FLIR and TV sensors associated with laser the ATC. The tender is expected to be the first in a slew capable of carrying all the weapons the Indian Navy will range finder, glass cockpits with night vision goggle com- of radar purchases expected from the Navy in the short- use during regular missions,” said Leland Wight, Boeing patibility, a Link II data link that couples the helicopters’ term. The Navy’s brand new air station INS Baaz—India’s P-8I Program Manager. sensors to shipboard mission systems, as well as counter- southernmost air station—at Campbell Bay on the Nico- The stores the P-8I will carry will have the identical measures suites with missile/radar/laser warning receiv- bar Islands will receive one of these radars. The air station shape and size of real weapons, including the Harpoon ers and chaff and flare dispensers. SP is currently capable of receiving only transport aircraft anti-ship missile, depth bombs and torpedoes. “This is and helicopters, but may in the future be expanded for an important milestone for the programme and sets the For complete versions, log on to: fighter operations. stage for operational testing and weapons certification as www.spsnavalforces.net & www.spsmai.com www.spsnavalforces.net

14 4/2012 News

8th Heads of Asian Coast Guard It may be mentioned that a memoran- fast attack craft as the Navy’s acquisition Agencies meeting in New Delhi dum of understanding (MoU) was signed plans progress. Publisher and Editor-in-Chief The 8th Heads of Asian Coast Guard Agen- between BEL and Thales on November 17, Jayant Baranwal cies Meeting (HACGAM) will be held in Octo- 2009. The parent companies aim at mak- Rolls-Royce to design and power Assistant Group Editor R. Chandrakanth ber 2012 in New Delhi. This is the first time ing the JVC a centre of excellence with the buoy tender vessel for India the HACGAM meeting is being held in South ability to offer solutions specifically aimed Rolls-Royce, the global power systems com- Senior Editorial Adviser R. Adm (Retd) S.K. Ramsay Asia region. HACGAM is an apex level forum at meeting the needs of both Indian and pany, has secured an £8 million contract to Senior Technical Group Editor export customers. In strict accordance with facilitating congregation of all the major design and power a highly specialised buoy Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand coast guard agencies of Asian region. This Indian regulations, Thales will hold 26 per tender vessel for India. Contributing Editors initiative was developed initially in 2004 cent equity, the maximum allowable hold- The vessel will be operating in remote Lt General (Retd) V.K. Kapoor to discuss cooperation among the member ing interest by any foreign company in the waters off the east coast of India and Air Marshal (Retd) V.K. Bhatia organisations to combat piracy in the region. defence sector, while the Bharat Electronics around the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Senior Copy Editor & Correspondent However, the scope of discussions has been will hold 74 per cent of the stock. maintaining and replacing navigational Sucheta Das Mohapatra expanded to include law enforcement, mari- aids and buoys. The vessel will be built at Contributors time security, disaster prevention and relief Defence Minister dedicates the Cochin Shipyard Ltd in India, and is India and capacity building. The HACGAM is con- Indian Navy’s FIS due for delivery in 2015. The buoy tender Admiral (Retd) Arun Prakash ducted every year and seven such meetings vessel is a Rolls-Royce UT 755 S, which is R. Adm (Retd) Raja Menon have been conducted till date. a development of the well-proven UT 755 Cmde C.P. Srivastava Cmde (Retd) Sujeet Samaddar series, and designed to operate safely in Cmde (Retd) A.J. Singh RAC MiG-29K/KUB fighters start the most challenging conditions. In addi- Europe ­flying from the Vikramaditya tion to the design, Rolls-Royce will also Alan Peaford, Doug Richardson, supply the main engines, propulsion sys- Andrew Brookes (UK) tem, automation and control system, deck USA & Canada machinery and shaft generators. Lon Nordeen (USA) Anil R. Pustam (West Indies) DCNS and SEC Industries achieve West Asia/Africa another milestone H.R. Heitman (S. Africa) Defence Minister A.K. Antony has dedi- SEC Industries and DCNS have inaugurated Chairman & Managing Director cated the Indian Navy’s Financial Informa- new workshop facilities and after successful Jayant Baranwal tion System (FIS) to the nation. Lauding the factory acceptance tests, delivered the cof- Executive Vice President (Planning & Business Development) Navy’s initiative as a major initiative in the ferdam doors coamings for the Indian P75 Rohit Goel field of financial management, Antony said, Scorpene submarines. The facilities were Administration & Circulation JSC Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG “I hope the other two services and all the inaugurated by M.M. Pallam Raju, the Minis- Bharti Sharma (part of the United Aircraft Corporation) other departments of the Government of ter of State for Defence. French Ambassador [email protected] performed flights of the MiG-29K/KUB India will follow this timely and useful ini- to India François Richier was present along Senior Art Director ship-borne fighters from the Vikramaditya tiative of the Indian Navy. I would like to with other Indian senior dignitaries and offi- Anoop Kamath aircraft carrier, which is on trials in the Bar- congratulate the Navy for taking this timely cials. The cofferdam doors and coamings Design ents Sea. The first landing on the aircraft initiative.” The FIS, a comprehensive finan- are key safety components of the subma- Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht carrier was on July 28, 2012, after which cial information system, will facilitate effec- rine. The Mazagon Dock Limited is manufac- Research Assistant: Graphics the pilots made the first take-off from the tive planning, allotment, expenditure and turing SSK Scorpene submarines (P75) under Survi Massey aircraft carrier and one successful land- monitoring of the naval budget. The system transfer of technology from DCNS. Sales & Marketing ing on the deck. On July 29, Vikramaditya links the New Delhi-based Naval Headquar- Director Sales & Marketing: Neetu Dhulia aircraft carrier with MiG-29KUB on board ters with the three Command Headquar- Coast Guard Station Karaikal General Manager: Rajeev Chugh took part in the parade of the Northern ters and various ships and establishments ­commissioned SP’s Website Sr. Web Developer: Shailendra P. Ashish Fleet on the Russian Navy Day. Flights of located far and wide across the country. Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma the MiG-29K/KUB ship-borne fighters from Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal on behalf the aircraft carrier were carried out as per Commissioning of Indian Coast of SP Guide Publications Pvt Ltd. the mutually agreed plan with India. Guard Ship Samudra Paheredar All rights reserved. No part of this publication may Indian Coast Guard Ship Samudra be reproduced, stored in a retrieval Commissioning of INS Sahyadri Paheredar was commissioned at Guja- system, or transmitted in any form or by any rat’s Hazira port near Surat by Chief of means, photocopying, recording, electronic, or otherwise without the prior written the Naval Staff Admiral Nirmal Verma. permission of the publishers. This is the second of the series of three Printed in India pollution control vessels (PCVs) being by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd built by the ABG Shipyard, Surat. The © SP Guide Publications, 2012 95-metre-long indigenous PCV displaces Coast Guard (CG) Station Karaikal, the Annual Subscription 4,300 tonnes and can achieve a maxi- fifth CG station on the Puducherry-Tamil Inland: `600 • Overseas: US$180 mum speed of 20.5 knots, with an endur- Nadu coastline was commissioned by Vice E-mail: [email protected] ance of 6,500 nautical miles. The ship’s Admiral M.P. Muralidharan, Director Gen- Letters to the Editor primary role is pollution response at sea eral, Indian Coast Guard. Inspector General [email protected] and is equipped with the most advanced S.P. Sharma, the Commander Coast Guard For Advertising Details, Contact: Defence Minister A.K. Antony commissioned and sophisticated pollution response Region (East) and senior officials from the [email protected] the third indigenous stealth frigate and the and control equipment for mitigating oil Puducherry Administration witnessed the [email protected] [email protected] last in the Shivalik class series at the Naval spills. ICGS Samudra Paheredar will be commissioning ceremony. The station is DockYard, Mumbai, on July 21. The first based at Visakhapatnam. DG ICG Vice part of the ongoing efforts by the Coast SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD two stealth frigates in this class, INS Shiva- Admiral M.P. Muralidharan and other Guard to strengthen coastal security. POSTAL ADDRESS Corporate Office lik and INS Satpura, are already in service. senior officers were also present. A 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, Captain Sanjay Vatsayan, the Commanding Navantia-BAE amphibious ship, New Delhi 110 003, India Officer, read out the commissioning warrant First Naval Air Station INS ‘Baaz’ ­Adelaide, for Royal Australian Navy Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, 24620130 in the presence of Union Ministers Sachin in Nicobar commissioned Navantia has launched at its Ferrol facilities, Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 Pilot and Milind Deora, Chairman, Chiefs the second amphibious ship for the Royal Regd Office of Staff Committee and Chief of the Naval Australian Navy. The ship’s launching lady, Fax: +91 (11) 23622942 E-mail: [email protected] Staff Admiral Nirmal Verma, Defence Sec- Maureen Banks, as well as the Chief of the retary S.K. Sharma, and other senior Navy Royal Australian Navy, Vice Admiral Ray Representative Offices BANGALORE, INDIA officers. The 4,900-tonne INS Sahyadri can Griggs, together with representatives of the Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey attain a speed of over 30 knots, is equipped Commonwealth of Australia, BAE Systems, 204, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kalyan Nagar, with some of the most advanced surface and SEPI and Navantia attended the event. Bangalore 560043, India. air-to-air missiles and can carry two helicop- Construction of the Adelaide had Tel: +91 (80) 23682204 ters—a mix of Dhruv, Sea King or Kamov— started with the steel cutting ceremony on MOSCOW, RUSSIA onboard for various missions. February 2, 2010, and was followed by the LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., keel laying on February 18, 2011. 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. Bharat Electronics and Thales JV The Naval Air Station at Campbell Bay on The launch took place four and half Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Thales Great Nicobar Island has been commis- months earlier than the planned date. This Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 have announced that the Boards of both sioned as Indian Naval Ship ‘Baaz’ by Admi- early launch provides additional time, until www.spguidepublications.com companies have approved the formation ral Nirmal Verma, Chief of the Naval Staff. early 2014, to complete the outfitting and www.spsnavalforces.net of a joint venture company (JVC) subject Speaking on the occasion, Admiral testing of the ship, when the hull will be RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25836 to statutory approvals of the Government Verma said that “the archipelago, sepa- transported to Australia for completion of India and the French Government. The rated as it is by more than 650 nm from and delivery by BAE Systems Australia in JVC will be dedicated to the design, devel- our mainland, offers a vital geostrategic Williamstown. The Adelaide is the second opment, marketing, supply and support advantage to India”. He added that Port of the two amphibious ships contracted on of civilian and select defence radars for Blair will be home to amphibious plat- November 23, 2007, by the Commonwealth Indian and global markets. forms, Naval offshore patrol vessels and of Australia in Melbourne. SP

4/2012 15