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The Chart of Juan De La Cosa WINTER 1992 ISSUE No. 51 I IM@S I Journal of the International Map Collectors Society WINTER 1992 ISSUE No. 51 CONTENTS Guest Editorial 4 Harley Fellowships 23 16th Century Manuscript Maps 5 Forthcoming Events in UK 25 The Cartographer Tomas Lopez 13 International News & Events 27 Spanish Version of Mitchell's Map 14 Subscriptions 31 TheFrrstN.fupsofSprun 15 Advertising rates 31 The Juan de la Cosa Map 17 Japan -Where is it? 33 Madrid 7th-11th October 18 VVritingsaboutN.fups 38 Bank of Cyprus Award 23 Book Reviews 40 Cover map: Detail from uProvincia Castellae cwn confinii" from Joannis aMontecalerio' s Chorographia Descriptio . .. Capucinorum, Milan, 1712 Courtesy Graham Franks Copy and other material for our next issue (Winter) should be submitted by 30 September 1992. All items for editorial use should be sent to The Editor, Susan Gole, 240B Kentish Town Rd, London NW5 100. Tel: 071-267 4346. FAX: 071-267 4356 Advertising copy, artwork, etc, should be sent to the Advertising Manager, Warwick Leadlay Gallery, 5 Nelson Rd, Greenwich, London SElO 9ffi. Tel: 081 -858 0317. FAX: 081 -853 1773 Gen. Secretary: W.H.S. Pearce, 29 Mount Ephraim Road, Streatham, London SW16 lNQ. Tel: 081-769 5041. FAX: 081-677 5417 Treasurer: Dr Cyrus Ala'i, 1 Golders Park Close, West Heath Avenue, London NW11 7QR. Membership Secretary: Caroline Batchelor. 'Pikes', The Ridgeway, Oxshott, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 OLG. Tel: 0372-843 425. Publicity Officer: Y asha Beresiner. 43 Templars Crescent. London N3 3QR. Tel: 081-349 2207. FAX: 081-346-9539 lnl. Chairman: Malcolm R.Young, 9 Lower Grosvenor Place, London SWI W OEN lnl. Secretary: Themis Strongilos, 19 Rigillis Street, GR-106 74 Athens, Greece. Tel: 30-1-722 4796. FAX: 30-1-723 8379 ©All signed articles are the copyright of the author. and must not be reproduced without the wriuen consent of the author. Whilst every care is taken in compiling this journal the Society carmot accept any responsibility for the accuracy of the information included herein. 3 Guest Editorial This opporn.mity to write a short editorial As dealers we are exceptionally for­ allows me to reflect publicly, so to speak, tunate that our chosen profession keeps us on our remarkable organisation. in touch with a learned hobby world. A IMCoS can claim to have brought world that is leisure and a pastime to most together a diverse range of individuals of our clients. It means that we trade, who would otherwise have undoubtedly whether profitably or not, in a relatively remained at a perpetual distance from relaxed atmosphere, even when within the each other. I never cease to be amazed by erudite walls of scholastic institutions. the number of nationalities represented at If economic restraints limit a collec­ our various meetings. The normal day-to­ tor's spending power, this is compensated day activities of each member are as dis­ for by his 'addiction' to collecting. The parate as their cartographic interests. We map field, unlike other hobbies, has also have no age limitations, no religious creed an important secondary outlet, the dec­ or barriers, and no problems with lan­ orative one which caters for the curiosity guage . the international receptions we and gift buyer. At auction the present hold invariably sound like.the Tower of trend shows that this remains a buyer's Babel . except that we do understand market Prices, whilst steady, remain rela­ one another. tively low. It is interesting to note that this It is our common interest and love of same tendency appears to apply world­ cartography that allows us an element of wide. Currency exchange rate apart, our enjoyment that transcends all other re­ collector and dealer friends in Europe and striction. To say: '/am a map enthusiast' across the Atantic seem to suffer and to a fellow collector is like the pass word enjoy vogues identical to ours. There is an to an inner club, a fraternity of amity and unquestionable reduction in the volume goodwill. of map activity which reflects the overall How important this element becomes economic climate. in these hard times of recession. We will As for IMCoS, I know I speak on do well to remember that ours is an aca­ behalf of the majority of dealers when I demic and hobby organisation first and say that we look at IMCoS with respect foremost and nothing can compare with for its high academic acheivements and the value of the pleasure to be derived appreciation and gratitude for the won­ from knowledge and friendship. derful work the organisation does in When I was invited to write this col­ spreading the benefits of the hobby world­ umn by Susan, our indefatigable Chair­ wide. And when business is not as good man and Editor, she asked whether I may as it may be, we enjoy even more the like to comment, from a dealer's view­ companionship we fmd within the So­ point, on current trends. My opening para­ ciety's diverse individual and corporate graphs are written with this request very membership. much in mind. Y ASHA BERESINER 4 11th International Symposium, Madrid Sixteenth Century Manuscript Maps Introduction his first two expeditions (1492-1494). In The modern map of the world, which successive voyages until 1504, he conti­ came to replace Ptolemy's planispheres, nued to explore the coast of America on emerged in the period between 1434 his own account (when the Portuguese circumnavigated The chart, which we have examined Cape Bojador during their exploration of in the Naval Museum in Madrid, is drawn the Atlantic coast of Africa) and 1526-29, in colour on two pieces of parchment and when the planispheres of the Casa de la measures 96 x 183 em. It is constructed Contractaci6n in Seville situated conti­ from bearings and distances and belongs nents and islands in their true position as to the nautical- geographic type produced a result of the discoveries made by the by the Mallorcan portulan atlas school. Spanish and Portuguese in Africa, The equator and tropic of Cancer America and Asia sketched on the map constitute the equi­ As time does not allow a discussion valent of a scale of latitudes, for as the two of the enormous number of manuscript circles are separated by 23.5 degrees, the sea charts produced in this period, the distance in degrees between any given following is a limited presentation and point on the chart and the equator can be commentary of some of the most import­ calculated by a rule of three. ant of these: The chart cannot be considered a pla­ The chart of Juan de Ia Cosa, 1500 nisphere, as to the west it ends with the Cantina's Planisphere, 1502 Isthmus of Panama and to the east with the The charts of Pedro and Jorge mouth of the Ganges. Reinel, 1517-19 The representation of the Mediter­ The planispheres of the Casa de la ranean basin and the Black Sea corre­ Contractaci6n, 1525-29 spond to what is known as 'portulan normal'. In the Ancient World, the west­ The Chart ofJuan de la Cosa ern coast of Africa was quite well defined, The chart ofJuan de la Co sa offers the whilst the eastern coast was much less oldest representation of the Western In­ perfect, as very few references existed to dies. Traditionally, it has been believed it in that period. As for the south of Asia, that its author must have drawn it at the it is represented as in the classical planis­ end of 1500 in the small village of Puerto pheres of Ptolemy, although the arrival in de Santa Maria, near Cadiz. A navigator Calecut of the Portuguese fleet captained and cartographer, Juan de Ia Cosa was by Vasco da Gama in 1498 is indicated on also the owner of the Santa Maria, the ship the chart in which he accompanied Columbus on As for America, here the discoveries 5 Speakers at the International Symposium, Madrid, with!MCoS President Helen Wallis. (From the left): Agustin Hernando, Carmen Liter, Luisa Martin Meras, Luis Giminez Lorente (Symposium Chairman), and Angel Paladini Cuadrado. made by Columbus during his three latitude of approximately 8° South, there voyages ( 1492-1500) are recorded. The is an inscription which reads 'This cape flag of Castile and Leon marks the was discovered by Vicentianes', a refer­ archipelago of the Lucayas and the island ence to the expedition led by Vicente of Guanahani where Columbus landed on Y afiez Pinzfn which in 1499 reached the 12 October 1492. Cuba and La Espanola point later christened by the Portuguese (Haiti) are also drawn on the map, and the Cape of San Roque. along with Martinique, Guadalupe, etc, The chart also records the discoveries are called 'The Islands of the Cannibals'. made by the Venetian John Cabot on the To the south of these one can begin to northern coast, where four English flags perceive the existence of a real continent, and the inscription 'sea discovered by the the coasts of which had been explored English' bears witness to the voyages during the so-called minor, or Andalusian made by the Venetian between 1496 and voyages. The Pearl Coast, from the Gulf 1498 on behalf of the king of England, of Paria to the Goajira peninsula had been Henry VIII. News of these undoubtedly discovered by Ojeda during a long voyage reached Castile through the communica­ made with Amerigo Vespucci and Juan de tions of John Day and Raimondo de Son­ la Cosa himself between May 1499 and cmo. June 1500. On the coast of Brazil, at a The arrival, in 1500, of the Por- 6 tuguese navigator Pedro Alvares Cabral chart of 1439, in which Ireland is drawn in Brazil is also recorded on the chart like this, or in Jacobo Russo's chart of It can be concluded, therefore, that if 1563 which represents the Scandinavian the chart was indeed drawn up in 1500, it peninsula in this way.
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