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Eskov 50.PM6 Arthropoda Selecta 15 (3): 181187 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2006 Þáèëåé Àðàõíîëîãó, ïàëåîíòîëîãó, ïèñàòåëþ, ïóáëèöèñòó Êèðèëëó Þðüåâè÷ó Åñüêîâó 50 ëåò Êèðèëë Þðüåâè÷ Åñüêîâ ðîäèëñÿ 16 ñåíòÿáðÿ Ñèáèðè (õîðîëîãè÷åñêèé àíàëèç)», à â 1988 ã. ñòàë 1956 ã. â Ìîñêâå â ñåìüå àâèàñòðîèòåëÿ è ôèçèêà, íàó÷íûì ñîòðóäíèêîì Ïàëåîíòîëîãè÷åñêîãî èíñòè- âûïóñêíèêà ÌÀÈ Þðèÿ Ìèõàéëîâè÷à Åñüêîâà òóòà ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ (íûíå ÐÀÍ), â êîòîðîì è ðàáîòà- è ïðåïîäàâàòåëÿ ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà Ëèäèè Ìèõàéëîâ- åò äî íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè. íû Åñüêîâîé. Ñî øêîëüíûõ âðåì¸í óâëåêàëñÿ çîî- Ïðåæäå ÷åì ïåðåéòè ê îáçîðó íàó÷íîãî è õóäî- ëîãèåé. Àêòèâíî ïîñåùàë Êðóæîê þíûõ áèîëîãîâ æåñòâåííî-ïóáëèöèñòè÷åñêîãî òâîð÷åñòâà Ê.Þ., çîîïàðêà (ÊÞÁÇ) è êðóæîê ïîä ðóêîâîäñòâîì Ï.Ï. ñîîáùó íåêîòîðûå áèîãðàôè÷åñêèå äàííûå: æåíàò Ñìîëèíà. Áóäó÷è øêîëüíèêîì, íà÷èíàÿ ñ 8-ãî êëàññà (æåíà Îëüãà Àñêîëüäîâíà, âûïóñêíèöà ÌËÒÈ), íåîäíîêðàòíî åçäèë â ýêñïåäèöèè. Ïåðâàÿ ïîåçäêà èìååò äâóõ âçðîñëûõ äî÷åðåé, Íàñòþ è Äàøó. Íà- ñîñòîÿëàñü â 1972 ã. â ñðåäíåå òå÷åíèå ð. Îáü ïî ñòÿ, ñòàðøàÿ, ïîøëà ïî ñòîïàì îòöà è ñòàëà ïðî- ëèíèè Èíñòèòóòà ìåäèöèíñêîé ïàðàçèòîëîãèè è òðî- ôåññèîíàëüíûì áèîëîãîì (áîòàíèêîì-ëèõåíîëî- ïè÷åñêîé ìåäèöèíû (ÈÌÏèÒÌ). Ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî îí ãîì), íûíå ðàáîòàåò ïî êîíòðàêòó â Ãåðìàíèè. Äàøà, èíòåðåñîâàëñÿ êëîïàìè, íî ïîñòåïåííî áëàãîäàðÿ ìëàäøàÿ, â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ó÷èòñÿ â ÌÃÓ íà èñ- ýêñïåäèöèÿì è ñâîåìó ðóêîâîäèòåëþ, ñîòðóäíè- òîðè÷åñêîì ôàêóëüòåòå, àêòèâíî èíòåðåñóåòñÿ àð- êó ÈÌÏèÒÌà Ñ.À. Áåýðó ïðèñòðàñòèëñÿ ê ïàó- õåîëîãèåé, çíàåò íåìíîãî êèòàéñêèé! êàì.  ñòàðøèõ êëàññàõ ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî ïåðåâ¸ëñÿ Ê.Þ. áóêâàëüíî âîðâàëñÿ â àðàõíîëîãèþ. Åãî â ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííóþ øêîëó. Ïî îêîí÷àíèè øêî- ïåðâàÿ ðàáîòà âûøëà åù¸ â 1979 ã. Âñëåä çà íåé, â ëû ñðàçó ïîñòóïèë íà áèîëîãè÷åñêèé ôàêóëüòåò 19801981 ãã., ïîñëåäîâàëî ñðàçó øåñòü ñòàòåé. ÌÃÓ, ãäå ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàëñÿ íà êàôåäðå ýíòîìî- Ïðåæäå ñ òàêîé èíòåíñèâíîñòüþ íå ïå÷àòàëñÿ íè ëîãèè ïîä ðóêîâîäñòâîì ñïåöèàëèñòà ïî êëåùàì è îäèí îòå÷åñòâåííûé àðàõíîëîã. Âñå ïåðâûå ïóáëè- çàìå÷àòåëüíîãî ïåäàãîãà À.Ä. Ïåòðîâîé-Íèêèòèíîé. êàöèè þáèëÿðà áûëè ïîñâÿùåíû òàêñîíîìèè è çîî- Çàêîí÷èë óíèâåðñèòåò â 1979 ã. Åù¸ áóäó÷è ñòó- ãåîãðàôèè ñèáèðñêèõ ïàóêîâ è íàïèñàíû íà ñàìîì äåíòîì, îí ïîäãîòîâèë òðè íàó÷íûå ñòàòüè, âûøåä- ñîâðåìåííîì óðîâíå. Îäíîâðåìåííî ñ ïîäãîòîâ- øèå â 1979 è 1980 ãã. Ñðàçó ïîñëå îêîí÷àíèÿ óíè- êîé ñòàòåé Ê.Þ. èíòåíñèâíî è î÷åíü ïëàíîìåðíî âåðñèòåòà Ê.Þ. ïîñòóïèë íà ðàáîòó âî ÂÍÈÈ îõðà- ñîáèðàåò ìàòåðèàë ïî ïàóêàì, ïðåæäå âñåãî, â Ñðåä- íû ïðèðîäû è çàïîâåäíîãî äåëà.  1986 ã. îí çàùè- íåé Ñèáèðè. Èçó÷àëèñü áèîòîïû è ñòðàòû (ñòàöèè), òèë êàíäèäàòñêóþ äèññåðòàöèþ «Ïàóêè ñåâåðíîé ñîâåðøåííî íå çàòðîíóòûå ïðåäûäóùèìè èññëåäî- 182 Þáèëåé âàòåëÿìè, à èìåííî ìîõîâàÿ è ëèøàéíèêîâàÿ äåð- âè÷åì. Ñ äåâÿòîãî êëàññà ïóòè äâóõ áóäóùèõ ïàó- íèíà. Ýòè áèîòîïû äàëè íåâèäàííîå ïî òåì âðåìå- ÷àòíèêîâ âðåìåííî ðàçîøëèñü. Ïîñòóïèëè è çàêîí- íàì êîëè÷åñòâî ýêçåìïëÿðîâ è âèäîâ Linyphiidae. ÷èëè îíè ðàçíûå ìîñêîâñêèå âóçû. Íî ïðè ýòîì Áëàãîäàðÿ ìíîãî÷èñëåííûì è êà÷åñòâåííûì ñòà- ñîâåðøåííî íåçàâèñèìî âûáðàëè îäíó è òó æå ãðóï- òüÿì, à òàêæå îáøèðíîìó ìàòåðèàëó ñîáðàííîìó ïó ïàóêîâ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèé. Âñòðåòèëèñü âíîâü Ê.Þ. Åñüêîâûì íà ðóáåæå 70-õ è 80-õ ãîäîâ, ñîâðå- óæå âî ÂÍÈÈ îõðàíû ïðèðîäû è çàïîâåäíîãî äåëà, ìåííûé ýòàï èññëåäîâàíèé ïàóêîâ Ñèáèðè ìîæíî êóäà îáà áûëè ðàñïðåäåëåíû íà ðàáîòó. Ïîëó÷àåòñÿ îòñ÷èòûâàòü èìåííî îò ïåðâûõ ðàáîò þáèëÿðà. òðîéíîå ñîâïàäåíèå: 1) ó÷èëèñü â îäíîì êëàññå, 2) Âñëåä çà íèì, ê èçó÷åíèþ ïàóêîâ Ñèáèðè, ïîäêëþ- âûáðàëè îäíó è òó æå ãðóïïó, è 3) ñòàëè ðàáîòàòü â ÷èëèñü À.Â. Òàíàñåâè÷, À.À. Çþçèí, Ê.Ã. Ìèõàé- îäíîì è òîì æå ÍÈÈ. ëîâ, Þ.Ì. Ìàðóñèê, Â.È. Îâ÷àðåíêî, Ä.Â. Ëîãóíîâ Áîëüøóþ ðîëü â íàó÷íîé êàðüåðå Ê.Þ., îñîáåí- è äðóãèå èññëåäîâàòåëè. Ðàáîòû Ê.Þ. Åñüêîâà ïî- íî íà ïåðâûõ ýòàïàõ, ñûãðàë âûäàþùèéñÿ ðîññèéñ- ñëóæèëè ïðèìåðîì äëÿ ïîäðàæàíèÿ, ñâîåãî ðîäà ýòà- êèé ýêîëîã è çîîãåîãðàô Þðèé Èâàíîâè÷ ×åðíîâ. ëîíîì äëÿ áîëåå ìîëîäûõ èññëåäîâàòåëåé, à îáøèð- Îí áûë íàó÷íûì ðóêîâîäèòåëåì êàíäèäàòñêîé äèñ- íûå ñáîðû ïàóêîâ îñíîâîé äëÿ ìíîãèõ ðàáîò êàê ñåðòàöèè Ê.Þ. ïî òåìå «Ïàóêè Ñåâåðíîé Ñèáèðè ñàìîãî þáèëÿðà, òàê è åãî áëèæàéøèõ êîëëåã. (õîðîëîãè÷åñêèé àíàëèç)». Äèññåðòàöèÿ áûëà óñ- Þáèëÿð áûâàë âî ìíîãèõ ýêñïåäèöèÿõ, ãäå ñî- ïåøíî çàùèùåíà â 1986 ã. Äðóãèì ó÷åíûì, ñûãðàâ- áðàë ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî èíòåðåñíûé ìàòåðèàë. Ïåðå÷åíü øèì âàæíóþ ðîëü â íàó÷íîé êàðüåðå Ê.Þ. Åñüêî- åãî îñíîâíûõ ýêñïåäèöèé ïðèâåä¸í íèæå:1972 ã. âà, áûë Ñåðãåé Èëüè÷ Ãîëîâà÷, èçâåñòíûé ñèñòåìà- ñðåäíåå òå÷åíèå ð. Îáü; 1976 ã. þæíûé Òàé- òèê äâóïàðíîíîãèõ ìíîãîíîæåê (Diplopoda) è ïó- ìûð; 19771979 ãã. ñðåäíåå òå÷åíèå ð. Åíèñåé; òåøåñòâåííèê. Ñåðãåé Èëüè÷ àêòèâíî ïîäòàëêèâàë 1980 ã. âåðõîâüÿ Åíèñåÿ; 1982 ã. Ñðåäíåñèáèð- è âñÿ÷åñêè ñîäåéñòâîâàë âûõîäó ñîâåòñêîé àðàõíî- ñêîå ïëîñêîãîðüå; 1983 ã. ïëàòî Ïóòîðàíà è Êèð- ëîãèè íà ìèðîâóþ àðåíó. Îí ïîìîãàë ìíîãèì îòå÷å- ãèçèÿ; 1984 ã. âåðõîâüÿ Êîëûìû; 1988 ð. Âè- ñòâåííûì àðàõíîëîãàì (À.Â. Òàíàñåâè÷ó, Ê.Þ. Åñü- ëþé; 1989 ã. íèæíåå òå÷åíèå ð. Ëåíà; 1990 ã. êîâó, À.Á. Íåíèëèíó, À.Ì. Äóíèíó, Ê.Ã. Ìèõàéëî- Âîñòî÷íî-Êàçàõñòàíñêàÿ îáëàñòü; 1991 ã. Ñàõà- âó, Þ.Ì. Ìàðóñèêó) ñ îïóáëèêîâàíèåì èõ òàêñîíî- ëèí; 1994, 1996 ãã. þæíûå è ñåâåðíûå Êóðèëû. ìè÷åñêèõ ðàáîò ïî ïàóêàì â çàðóáåæíûõ èçäàíèÿõ. Ñáîðû ïàóêîâ ñäåëàííûå â ýêñïåäèöèÿõ ëåãëè â îñ- Ñ.È. Ãîëîâà÷ íå òîëüêî ïîìîãàë â ïîèñêå ïîäõîäÿ- íîâó ìíîãèõ ïóáëèêàöèé, ðåâèçèé è àííîòèðîâàí- ùèõ æóðíàëîâ, íî è ïîìîãàë ñ ïåðåâîäîì ðóêîïè- íûõ ñïèñêîâ (Åñüêîâ, 1988; Eskov, Marusik, 1995; ñåé íà àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê è ñ îòñûëêîé ðóêîïèñåé â Marusik, Eskov, Kim, 1992; Marusik, Eskov et al., 1992, ðåäàêöèè æóðíàëîâ. 1993), à íåêîòîðûå äî ñèõ ïîð ÿâëÿþòñÿ óíèêàëüíû- Ê.Þ. áûë ïåðâîïðîõîäöåì âî ìíîãèõ îáëàñòÿõ ìè. Ïîìèìî íåãî íè îäèí èç àðàõíîëîãîâ, è äàæå àðàõíîëîãèè. Áîëüøîé âêëàä îí âí¸ñ â ôàóíèñòè- ýíòîìîëîãîâ íå ñîáèðàë ïàóêîâ íà ïëàòî Ïóòîðàíà, ÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ Ñèáèðè è Äàëüíåãî Âîñòîêà èëè íà Íèæíåé Òóíãóñêå (Ñðåäíåñèáèðñêîå ïëîñêî- Ðîññèè. Èì âïåðâûå áûë ïîäãîòîâëåí îáçîð ïàóêîâ ãîðüå).  íà÷àëå ìîåé êàðüåðû ìíå ïîâåçëî, è ÿ ðîññèéñêîé Àðêòèêè, Ñðåäíåé Ñèáèðè (ôàóíà áûëà îêàçàëñÿ â îäíîé ýêñïåäèöèè ñ Ê.Þ. â âåðõîâüÿõ óâåëè÷åíà ñî 170 âèäîâ, äî áîëåå ÷åì 400), Ñåâåðî- Êîëûìû. Îáùåíèå, ñîâìåñòíîå êîëëåêòèðîâàíèå ïà- Âîñòîêà Àçèè (38-550), ßêóòèè, Ñàõàëèíñêîé îáëà- óêîâ íàó÷èëî ìåíÿ ìíîãîìó. Íèêîãäà äî Åñüêîâà, è ñòè. Íàèáîëåå èçâåñòíîé åãî ðàáîòîé â ýòîé îáëàñ- ïîñëå íåãî ÿ íå âèäåë, ÷òîáû êòî-íèáóäü òàê èíòåí- òè ÿâëÿåòñÿ êàòàëîã ïàóêîâ-ëèíèôèèä Ñåâåðíîé ñèâíî ñîáèðàë ïàóêîâ â ïîäñòèëêå áåç ñèôòåðà, íî Àçèè (Eskov, 1994). Ýòà ìîíîãðàôèÿ áûëà ïåðâîé èñïîëüçóÿ ãîëûé ëèñò ãðóáîãî ïîëèýòèëåíà. Áîëåå êíèãîé âûïóùåííîé ìåæäóíàðîäíûì èçäàòåëüñòâîì ýôôåêòèâíîãî ñïîñîáà ñîáèðàíèÿ ïàóêîâ â òàéãå è PENSOFT. Íà íå¸ âûøëà äîáðîæåëàòåëüíàÿ ðåöåí- òóíäðîâîé çîíå ÿ íå çíàþ äî ñèõ ïîð è àêòèâíî çèÿ îäíîãî èç îñíîâàòåëåé ñîâðåìåííîé ëèíèôèè- èñïîëüçóþ åãî âî âðåìÿ ñîáñòâåííûõ ñáîðîâ. äîëîãèè Ïåòåðà Ìåððåòà (Merret, 1996). Âåñü å¸ Õîòÿ Ê.Þ. «îòìåòèëñÿ» â òàêñîíîìèè ðàçíûõ òèðàæ êíèãè Ê.Þ. î÷åíü áûñòðî ðàçîø¸ëñÿ. Äëÿ ãðóïï ïàóêîâ: Linyphiidae, Theridiidae (Robertus), âñåõ èññëåäîâàòåëåé Linyphiidae Ñèáèðè è âîîáùå Nesticidae, Lycosidae, Zodariidae è íåêîòîðûå ñå- âñåé Ñåâåðíîé Ãîëàðêòèêè åãî êíèãà ñòàëà ïî íà- ìåéñòâà Mygalomorphae, ãëàâíîé åãî ãðóïïîé áûëè ñòîÿùåìó íàñòîëüíîé. Linyphiidae (ïàóêè-ïèãìåè). Âûáîð ïîñëåäíåé ãðóï- Îãðîìíûé âêëàä þáèëÿð âí¸ñ â ñèñòåìàòèêó ïà- ïû áûë âïîëíå çàêîíîìåðíûì. Èìåííî ýòî ãðóïïà óêîâ.  îáùåé ñëîæíîñòè èì îïóáëèêîâàíî 66 ñòà- íàèáîëåå ìíîãî÷èñëåííà è ðàçíîîáðàçíà â Ñèáèðè, òåé, â êîòîðûõ îïèñàíî îêîëî 170 âèäîâ ïàóêîâ, è äî 1980-õ ãã. áûëà ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå èçó÷åííîé íè â êàê ñîâðåìåííûõ, òàê è èñêîïàåìûõ, íåñêîëüêî äå- ÑÑÑÐ, íè òåì áîëåå â Ñèáèðè. Ê.Þ. Åñüêîâ ÿâëÿåò- ñÿòêîâ ðîäîâ, è äàæå 3 èñêîïàåìûõ ñåìåéñòâà: Jura- ñÿ áåññïîðíûì ïèîíåðîì èçó÷åíèÿ ýòîãî ñåìåéñòâà neidae Eskov, 1984, Lagonomegopidae Eskov & Wun- â ÑÑÑÐ. Çäåñü óìåñòíî óïîìÿíóòü î íåîáû÷íîì, derlich, 1995 è Permarachnidae Eskov & Selden, 2005. òðîéíîì ñîâïàäåíèè æèçíåííûõ ñóäåá. Ê.Þ. ó÷èë- Ê.Þ. Åñüêîâûì ðåâèçîâàíî íåñêîëüêî êðóïíûõ ñÿ â îäíî è òî æå âðåìÿ, â îäíîé è òîé æå øêîëå, è ðîäîâ â ìàñøòàáå ìèðîâîé ôàóíû (Thaleria, Semlji- äàæå â îäíîì êëàññå ñ äðóãèì èçâåñòíûì ðîññèéñ- cola, Perro, Silometopoides), îäíàêî áîëüøèíñòâî êèì àðàõíîëîãîì, Àíäðååì Âèêòîðîâè÷åì Òàíàñå- ðåâèçèé íîñÿò ðåãèîíàëüíûé õàðàêòåð (Centromerus, Þáèëåé 183 Mecynargus, Collinsia, Hilaira, Maro, Oreonetides, ðåñíûõ ðåöåíçèé. Ïåðâàÿ ïîñâÿùåíà äâóõòîìíîé Diplocephalus, Savignia è íåêîòîðûå áîëåå ìåëêèå ìîíîãðàôèè Á.Ô. Áåëûøåâà è À.Þ. Õàðèòîíîâà òàêñîíû). Êàê íèêòî äðóãîé, îí îïèñàë ìíîãî âè- ïî çîîãåîãðàôèè ñòðåêîç ìèðà. Äðóãàÿ êíèãå äîâ â ðîäàõ Hilaira è Mecynargus. Ý.Ã. Ìàòèñà «Íàñåêîìûå Àçèàòñêîé Áåðèíãèè». Îáå Òðåòüÿ îáëàñòü, â êîòîðîé Ê.Þ. Åñüêîâ äîáèëñÿ ðåöåíçèè êðèòè÷åñêèå, íàïèñàíû ñ þìîðîì è èðî- áîëüøèõ óñïåõîâ ýòî ïàëåîíòîëîãèÿ è ýâîëþöèÿ íèåé, â äóõå ó÷èòåëÿ Ê.Þ. Þ.È. ×åðíîâà. Èìè áèîòû. Ïðè÷¸ì ýòî íå òîëüêî ïàëåîíòîëîãèÿ ïàó- çà÷èòûâàëèñü ìíîãèå áèîëîãè. êîâ, íî è äðóãèõ îðãàíèçìîâ, è äàæå ñîîáùåñòâ. Ïîìèìî íàó÷íûõ ðàáîò è ó÷åáíèêîâ, þáèëÿð Ê.Þ. ñòàë ïåðâûì îòå÷åñòâåííûì àðàõíîëîãîì, êî- íàïèñàë è îïóáëèêîâàë íåñêîëüêî ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî èí- òîðûé çàíÿëñÿ ñèñòåìàòèêîé èñêîïàåìûõ ïàóêîâ.  òåðåñíûõ ýññå, ÷åòûðå õóäîæåñòâåííûõ êíèãè è îäíó îòëè÷èå îò âñåõ äðóãèõ ñîâðåìåííûõ ïàëåîñèñòå- êíèãó, æàíð êîòîðîé ñëîæíî îáîçíà÷èòü. Ïåðâàÿ ìàòèêîâ-àðàõíîëîãîâ, îí çàíèìàåòñÿ êàê îòïå÷àò- æå õóäîæåñòâåííàÿ êíèãà â ñòèëå ôýíòåçè «Ïîñëå- êàìè ïàóêîâ, òàê è ÿíòàðíûìè èíêëþçàìè. Êàê óæå äíèé êîëüöåíîñåö» ñòàëà áåñòñåëëåðîì, âûäåðæàâ- ñêàçàíî âûøå, Ê.Þ. îïèñàë 3 íîâûõ ñåìåéñòâà ïàó- øàÿ íåñêîëüêî òèðàæåé è îïóáëèêîâàííàÿ â Ðîñ- êîâ è áîëåå äåñÿòè âèäîâ â ñåìåéñòâàõ Nesticidae, ñèè, Óêðàèíå, Ïîëüøå (äâóìÿ ðàçíûìè èçäàòåëü- Archaeidae, è äðóãèõ. Îñîáåííî èíòåðåñíà ñóäüáà ñòâàìè), Èñïàíèè, ×åõèè Ïî ìíåíèþ îäíîãî èç ñåìåéñòâà Lagonomegopidae. Ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî îíî ïîëüñêèõ ëèòåðàòóðíûõ êðèòèêîâ, Ê.Þ. îòíîñèòñÿ áûëî îïèñàííîãî èç ÿíòàðåé Òàéìûðà, íî âïîñëåä- ê ïåðâîé òðîéêå ñàìûõ òàëàíòëèâûõ ðóññêîÿçû÷- ñòâèè åãî îáíàðóæèëè â äðóãèõ äðåâíèõ ÿíòàðÿõ, à íûõ àâòîðîâ, ïèøóùèõ â ñòèëå ôýíòåçè. èìåííî â ëèâàíñêèõ è áèðìàíñêèõ. Î÷åâèäíî, ýòî Íà åãî êíèãó «Åâàíãåëèå îò Àôðàíèÿ» î÷åíü ñåìåéñòâî èìåëî âñåñâåòíîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå.
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