Access to and Utilization of Academic Information by Students and Staff at Kabarak University
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ACCESS TO AND UTILIZATION OF ACADEMIC INFORMATION BY STUDENTS AND STAFF AT KABARAK UNIVERSITY By Daniel Kiprotich Rutto A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Information Sciences (Library and Information Studies) Department of Library, Records Management and Information Studies School of Information Sciences Moi University March, 2011 ii DECLARATION DECLARATION BY CANDIDATE: This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university. No part of this thesis may be reproduced without the permission of the author and/or Moi University. ___________________________ _____________________ Daniel Kiprotich Rutto Date IS/MPHIL/045/07 DECLARATION BY SUPERVISORS: This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as University Supervisors. ____________________________ _____________________ Prof. Cephas Odini Date Department of Library and information Studies ____________________________ _____________________ Dr. Damaris Odero Date Department of Library and information Studies iii DEDICATION To my children, Kiptoo and Mwende, who exercised a lot of patience and understanding while I was away from their lives for a moment to undertake this study. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to God for giving me life and the chance and energy to carry out this study. Special thanks to my dedicated supervisors and mentors, Prof. Cephas Odini and Dr. Damaris Odero, who provided the required support throughout the study. They provided helpful insights that shaped the direction of the research and facilitated an enabling environment for independent thinking. I offer my sincere thanks to Kabarak University for allowing me to undertake research within its locality and for granting me a one-year study leave to pursue the Masters programme. I owe much credit to the university’s students and staff who participated in the survey and made the activity fruitful. Thanks to the university library for allowing me to use its resources and facilities to carry out literature research. The University Librarian, Mrs. Janegrace Kinyanjui along with the other library staff gave me the encouragement I needed in the course of the research. Finally, very special thanks go to my family for their encouragement and forbearance. Thank you all. v ABSTRACT Information is critical in the accomplishment of the educational role of a university, and access to it is a key to transformation. There was an indication of difficulty in finding the required information and low information literacy levels at Kabarak University, which impeded effective utilization. The aim of this study was to examine the accessibility and utilization of information among students and staff at Kabarak University and design an appropriate model. The specific objectives were to identify the information needs of students and staff, existing information sources, evaluate the access channels, find out the skills required to effectively access information and the challenges experienced by students and staff with a view to recommending effective improvement strategies. The study was guided by Leckie’s model of information seeking by professionals and Tsakonas’ model of user interaction with the digital environment. A mixed method approach was used in the collection of data, whereby both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. A 15% sample was selected out of a total population of 771 students and 170 members of staff. Questionnaires for students and interviews for the staff were used to collect data respectively. Key informants consulted included the library staff and ICT personnel. Response from a total of 97 students and 30 staff was received. The data collected was summarized, coded and categorized for ease of presentation of results. The study revealed that students and staff had diverse information needs, but concentrated on the learning and work activities respectively. Both students (93%) and staff (88%) mostly turned to the Internet for their information needs, mainly because the Internet offered a variety of activities and information sources. However, both students and staff mostly referred to print resources for academic purposes. The library was identified as a significant source of information, while the use of ICT was identified as an immediate solution to access problems. The major limitations were identified as poor Internet connectivity; inadequate ICT resources and low information literacy levels. The study recommends improvements in ICT resources, network infrastructure; scheduled and diversified literacy programs; marketing of information services; professional repositioning, organization and digitization of local content. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Declaration............................................................................................................................ ii Dedication ............................................................................................................................ iii Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. iv Abstract ................................................................................................................................ v List of abbreviations .............................................................................................................. x List of tables and figures ...................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the study ............................................................................................ 1 1.2 Kabarak University .................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 University library ...................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Statement of the problem ......................................................................................... 10 1.4 Aim of the study ...................................................................................................... 11 1.5 Objectives of the study ............................................................................................ 11 1.6 Research questions .................................................................................................. 12 1.7 Assumptions ............................................................................................................ 12 1.8 Significance of the study .......................................................................................... 13 1.9 Scope and limitations of the study ........................................................................... 14 1.10 Definitions of operational terms ............................................................................... 15 CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 19 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 19 2.2 The concept of information ...................................................................................... 19 2.3 Information needs .................................................................................................... 20 2.4 Information resources .............................................................................................. 23 2.5 Collection development ........................................................................................... 26 2.6 Accessibility of information..................................................................................... 30 2.7 Strategies employed by universities to improve access to information ..................... 31 2.7.1 Support of the open access movement ..................................................................... 32 2.7.2 Use of institutional websites .................................................................................... 34 2.7.3 Development of institutional repositories (IR) ......................................................... 34 2.7.4 Use of Portals .......................................................................................................... 38 2.7.5 Use of e-learning tools and resources ....................................................................... 39 vii 2.7.6 Use of Online Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) .................................................. 41 2.7.7 Setting up of libraries and information centres ......................................................... 41 2.7.8 Development of the semantic web ........................................................................... 43 2.8 The role of information professionals in facilitating access to information .......................................................................................................... 46 2.9 Information literacy ................................................................................................. 52 2.10 Access policies ........................................................................................................ 59 2.11 The Kenyan scenario ............................................................................................... 60 2.11.1 Online