Acorn Preference Under Field and Laboratory Conditions by Two
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The Beetle Fauna of Dominica, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera): Diversity and Distribution
INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 20, No. 3-4, September-December, 2006 165 The beetle fauna of Dominica, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera): Diversity and distribution Stewart B. Peck Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada stewart_peck@carleton. ca Abstract. The beetle fauna of the island of Dominica is summarized. It is presently known to contain 269 genera, and 361 species (in 42 families), of which 347 are named at a species level. Of these, 62 species are endemic to the island. The other naturally occurring species number 262, and another 23 species are of such wide distribution that they have probably been accidentally introduced and distributed, at least in part, by human activities. Undoubtedly, the actual numbers of species on Dominica are many times higher than now reported. This highlights the poor level of knowledge of the beetles of Dominica and the Lesser Antilles in general. Of the species known to occur elsewhere, the largest numbers are shared with neighboring Guadeloupe (201), and then with South America (126), Puerto Rico (113), Cuba (107), and Mexico-Central America (108). The Antillean island chain probably represents the main avenue of natural overwater dispersal via intermediate stepping-stone islands. The distributional patterns of the species shared with Dominica and elsewhere in the Caribbean suggest stages in a dynamic taxon cycle of species origin, range expansion, distribution contraction, and re-speciation. Introduction windward (eastern) side (with an average of 250 mm of rain annually). Rainfall is heavy and varies season- The islands of the West Indies are increasingly ally, with the dry season from mid-January to mid- recognized as a hotspot for species biodiversity June and the rainy season from mid-June to mid- (Myers et al. -
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
FOREWORD Abundant fish and wildlife, unbroken coastal vistas, miles of scenic rivers, swamps and mountains open to exploration, and well-tended forests and fields…these resources enhance the quality of life that makes South Carolina a place people want to call home. We know our state’s natural resources are a primary reason that individuals and businesses choose to locate here. They are drawn to the high quality natural resources that South Carolinians love and appreciate. The quality of our state’s natural resources is no accident. It is the result of hard work and sound stewardship on the part of many citizens and agencies. The 20th century brought many changes to South Carolina; some of these changes had devastating results to the land. However, people rose to the challenge of restoring our resources. Over the past several decades, deer, wood duck and wild turkey populations have been restored, striped bass populations have recovered, the bald eagle has returned and more than half a million acres of wildlife habitat has been conserved. We in South Carolina are particularly proud of our accomplishments as we prepare to celebrate, in 2006, the 100th anniversary of game and fish law enforcement and management by the state of South Carolina. Since its inception, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) has undergone several reorganizations and name changes; however, more has changed in this state than the department’s name. According to the US Census Bureau, the South Carolina’s population has almost doubled since 1950 and the majority of our citizens now live in urban areas. -
Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae)
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 81: 299- 308, 2010 The species description process of North and Central American Geotrupinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae) Proceso de descripción de especies de Geotrupinae norte y centroamericanos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae) Nuria Trotta-Moreu1* and Francisco José Cabrero-Sañudo2 1Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain. *Correspondent: [email protected] Abstract. The description process for North and Central American species of Geotrupinae was analyzed and compared with that of Western Palaearctic species. This process was fi tted to an asymptotic function to explore when the curve stabilized. By means of GLMs, the infl uence of some variables from 3 different groups (body size, geographic range and location) was examined, taking into account both pure and combined effects on the development of the process of species description. The accumulation curve of North and Central American Geotrupinae showed that probably 84-91% of the total number of species is already known and 10-20 species remain yet to be described. Body size has not shown any infl uence on Geotrupinae species description for either region. The most infl uential elements were the pure effect of the geographic range, followed by the pure effect of the geographic location, and their combined effect. These same variables were also the most infl uential in the Western Palaearctic region, although with a different signifi cance. As this species inventory remains yet to be completed, it is possible that some factors, such as distribution, could become progressively more important, as for the Geotrupinae species in the Western Palaearctic region. -
Phylogenetic Analysis of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) Based on Larvae
Systematic Entomology (2004) 29, 509–523 Phylogenetic analysis of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) based on larvae JOSE´ R. VERDU´ 1 , EDUARDO GALANTE1 , JEAN-PIERRE LUMARET2 andFRANCISCO J. CABRERO-SAN˜ UDO3 1Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, Spain; 2CEFE, UMR 5175, De´ partement Ecologie des Arthropodes, Universite´ Paul Vale´ ry, Montpellier, France; and 3Departamento Biodiversidad y Biologı´ a Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain Abstract. Thirty-eight characters derived from the larvae of Geotrupidae (Scarabaeoidea, Coleoptera) were analysed using parsimony and Bayesian infer- ence. Trees were rooted with two Trogidae species and one species of Pleocomidae as outgroups. The monophyly of Geotrupidae (including Bolboceratinae) is supported by four autapomorphies: abdominal segments 3–7 with two dorsal annulets, chaetoparia and acanthoparia of the epipharynx not prominent, glossa and hypopharynx fused and without sclerome, trochanter and femur without fossorial setae. Bolboceratinae showed notable differences with Pleocomidae, being more related to Geotrupinae than to other groups. Odonteus species (Bolboceratinae s.str.) appear to constitute the closest sister group to Geotrupi- nae. Polyphyly of Bolboceratinae is implied by the following apomorphic char- acters observed in the ‘Odonteus lineage’: anterior and posterior epitormae of epipharynx developed, tormae of epipharynx fused, oncyli of hypopharynx devel- oped, tarsal claws reduced or absent, plectrum and pars stridens of legs well developed and apex of antennal segment 2 with a unique sensorium. A ‘Bolbelas- mus lineage’ is supported by the autapomorphic presence of various sensoria on the apex of the antennal segment, and the subtriangular labrum (except Eucanthus). This group constituted by Bolbelasmus, Bolbocerosoma and Eucanthus is the first evidence for a close relationship among genera, but more characters should be analysed to test the support for the clade. -
Reproductive Behaviour and Development of the Dung Beetle Typhaeus Typhoeus (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae)
REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE DUNG BEETLE TYPHAEUS TYPHOEUS (COLEOPTERA, GEOTRUPIDAE) by LIJBERTBRUSSAARD Dept. of Animal Ecology and Dept. of Soil Science & Geology, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands . ABSTRACT This paper is part of a study of the contribution of dung beetles to soil formation in sandy soils. Typhaeus typhoeus (Linnaeus) has been selected because it makes deep burrows and is locally abundant. The beetles are active from autumn until spring, reproduction takes place from February to April. Sex pheromones probably influence pair formation. The sexes co operate in excavating a burrow (up to 0.7 m below surface) and in provisioning the burrow with dung as food for the larvae. Co-operation is reset by scraping each other across the thorax or elytra. Dung sausages, appr. 12.5 cm long and 15 mm in diameter, are manufac tured above each other. Development is rapid at 13—17°C. The life cycle is accelerated by a cold period in the third larval stage. These requirements are met by soil temperatures up to 15° C in summer and down to 5 °C in winter. The life cycle lasts two years, but longer under certain conditions. Newly hatched beetles make their way to the surface through the soil, but do not follow the old shaft. Adults reproduce only once. Differential rate of com pletion of the life cycle and occasional flying probably reduce the risk of local extinction. The study is thought to be relevant for behavioural ecology and soil science. CONTENTS tion of how much dung beetles contribute to Introduction 203 soil formation today. -
Evolution of the Scarabaeini (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Systematic Entomology (2004), in press Chapter 2 Evolution of the Scarabaeini (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Shaun A. Forgie\ T. Keith PhilipsB, and Clarke H. ScholtzA ADepartment of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa. BDepartment of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA. Running title: Evolution of the Scarabaeini Key words: Evolution, Dung beetle, Morphology, Phylogeny, Systematics Abstract A phylogenetic analysis of the Scarabaeini, based on 244 morphological characters, including 154 multistate, and 3 biological characters, is given. Tree topologies generated from unweighted data and some weighted algorithms are similar and support only two genera in the tribe; Scarabaeus L. and Pachylomerus Bertoloni. The basal clade is Pachylomerus and sister to Scarabaeus. Kheper Kirby stat. nov., Pachysoma MacLeay, Scarabaeolus Balthasar and Sceliages Westwood stat. nov are the only supported subgenera. The genus Drepanopodus Janssens syn. nov. is synonymised with Scarabaeus and six additional names, Madateuchus Paulian, Mnematidium Ritsema, Mnematium M'Leay, Neateilchus Gillet, Neomnematium Janssens and Neopachysoma Ferreira remain synonyms. A monophyletic origin of flightlessness is generally supported with the subgenus Pachysoma the most derived group in this clade. Rolling dung balls backwards is the ancestral behaviour and predominant mode of food relocation in Scarabaeini although tunnelling, forward pushing, and can'ying are also utilised by some lineages. Pushing food has evolved independently in Sceliages species and S. galen us (Westwood) and a novel mode of forward food relocation evolved in the subgenus Pachysoma. Feeding on wet dung is the plesiomorphic condition and maintained by the majority of species in the tribe. The most unusual feeding behaviours in the tribe are represented by the obligate millipede-feeding species of Sceliages and the dry dung pellets and/or detritus used by members of the subgenus Pachysoma. -
E Scarabaeidae Degradatori Della Sicilia E Delle Isole Circumsiciliane (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)
Boletín Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, n1 39 (2006) : 181−204. CATALOGO SISTEMATICO E TOPOGRAFICO DEI GEOTRUPIDAE E SCARABAEIDAE DEGRADATORI DELLA SICILIA E DELLE ISOLE CIRCUMSICILIANE (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEOIDEA) Rossana Agoglitta1, Enrico Barbero2, Ernesto Ragusa3, Mario Zunino1 1 Istituto di Ecologia e Biologia Ambientale, Università di Urbino “Carlo Bo” – via Maggetti, 22 (già via Sasso, 75) – 61029 Urbi- no (PU) – Italia. − [email protected] (R.A.); [email protected] (M.Z.). 2 Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell’Uomo, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Accademia Albertina, 13 – 10123 Torina. Italia. − [email protected]. 3 Dipartimento SENFIMIZO, Università di Palermo – Viale delle Scienze, 13 – 90128 PALERMO (PA). Italia. − [email protected] Catálogo sistemático y topográfico de los Geotrupidae y Scarabaeidae degradadores de Sicilia e islas circumsicilianas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Resumen: Se reúne la información, publicada e inédita, sobre los coleópteros Geotrupidae y Scarabaeidae degradadores de Sicilia e islas cercanas, exceptuando el archipiélago de Malta. La información, sometida siempre a un análisis crítico, procede de datos originales, trabajos previos y datos obtenidos por el estudio directo de colecciones públicas y privadas. Para cada es- pecie se aporta una ficha bibliográfica, su distribución general, y datos de bionomía. Se reseñan un total de 46 especies en un conjunto de 234 localidades. Para los Scarabaeidae, la estructura de la fauna se corresponde, haciendo caso omiso de algu- nas diferencias sistemáticas, con la de la reciente Checklist e distribuzione della Fauna Italiana (2005), incrementándose nota- blemente los datos de distribución. No hay comparación posible para los Geotrupidae, que no aparecen en el trabajo citado. Las referencias a trabajos que no tratan directamente el área se debe a su importancia general. -
The Lamellicorn Beetles of Southern Sardinia ( Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) *
Conservazione habitat invertebrati 5: 353–387 (2011) Cnbfvr The lamellicorn beetles of southern Sardinia ( Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)* Giuseppe M. CARPANETO1, Emanuele PIATTELLA2, Giovanni DELLACASA3, Marco DELLACASA4, Riccardo PITTINO5, Adriano MAZZIOTTA6 1Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Rome, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 2Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin" (Entomologia), Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, I-00162 Rome, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 3Via Talamone 31/19, I-16127 Genoa. E-mail: [email protected] 4Università di Pisa, Centro interdipartimentale, Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Via Roma 79, I-56011 Calci (PI), Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 5Via Achille Zezon 10, I-20124 Milan, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 6Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Rome, Italy. E-mail: a_mazziotta@ hotmail.com *In: Nardi G., Whitmore D., Bardiani M., Birtele D., Mason F., Spada L. & Cerretti P. (eds), Biodiversity of Marganai and Montimannu (Sardinia). Research in the framework of the ICP Forests network. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 5: 353–387. ABSTRACT A faunistic inventory of lamellicorn beetles has been conducted in southern Sardinia (former province of Cagliari) based on literature and collection records, as well as on new fi ndings from recent fi eld expeditions (2003–2008). The taxonomic analysis of the study area revealed the occurrence of 105 species (2 Lucanidae, 2 Trogidae, 7 Geotrupidae, 1 Hybosoridae and 93 Scarabaeidae). The majority of families are represented by 100% of the known Sardinian fauna; o nly the Scarabaeidae, the most diverse family, is represented by 80.8% of its Sardinian members. -
Het Lot Van Endozoöchoor Verbreide Zaden
The fate of endozoochorously dispersed seeds Het lot van endozoöchoor verbreide zaden Tanja Milotić Promotor: Prof. Dr. Maurice Hoffmann Ghent University Faculty of Sciences Academic Year 2016-2017 Submitted to the faculty of Sciences of Ghent University, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Sciences Members of the examination committee Prof. Dr. Maurice Hoffmann (Ghent University/INBO, Belgium): promotor Prof. Dr. Dries Bonte (Ghent University, Belgium): chair Prof. Dr. Annemieke Verbeken (Ghent University, Belgium): secretary Dr. Bram D'hondt (Ghent University/ANB, Belgium) Dr. Amy Eycott (University of Bergen, Norway) Prof. Dr. Robin Pakeman (James Hutton Institute, UK) Prof. Dr. Kris Verheyen (Ghent University, Belgium) Date of public defence: February, 24th 2017 For citation of published work reprinted in this thesis, please cite the original publication as mentioned at the first page of each chapter. Please cite this thesis as: Milotić, T. (2017) The fate of endozoochorously dispersed seeds. PhD dissertation. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. pp 360. The research in this thesis was conducted at the Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Pictures taken by Tanja Milotić unless stated otherwise Acknowledgments Na zes jaar zweten en zwoegen ligt het er eindelijk: mijn doctoraat! Ontelbaar vaak heb ik op vragen moeten antwoorden met "neen, mijn doctoraat is nog niet af, maar ik heb nog massa's tijd" of "neen, ik ben helemaal geen post-doc maar gewoon een overjaarse (?) doctoraatsstudent" (jaja, ik ben er iets rijper aan begonnen dan gebruikelijk). Ondertussen leek die 'massa tijd' exponentieel af te nemen terwijl het met het aantal ideeën over extra toe te voegen hoofdstukken eerder de omgekeerde richting uitging. -
Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae)
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 81: 299- 308, 2010 The species description process of North and Central American Geotrupinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae) Proceso de descripción de especies de Geotrupinae norte y centroamericanos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae) Nuria Trotta-Moreu1* and Francisco José Cabrero-Sañudo2 1Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain. *Correspondent: [email protected] Abstract. The description process for North and Central American species of Geotrupinae was analyzed and compared with that of Western Palaearctic species. This process was fi tted to an asymptotic function to explore when the curve stabilized. By means of GLMs, the infl uence of some variables from 3 different groups (body size, geographic range and location) was examined, taking into account both pure and combined effects on the development of the process of species description. The accumulation curve of North and Central American Geotrupinae showed that probably 84-91% of the total number of species is already known and 10-20 species remain yet to be described. Body size has not shown any infl uence on Geotrupinae species description for either region. The most infl uential elements were the pure effect of the geographic range, followed by the pure effect of the geographic location, and their combined effect. These same variables were also the most infl uential in the Western Palaearctic region, although with a different signifi cance. As this species inventory remains yet to be completed, it is possible that some factors, such as distribution, could become progressively more important, as for the Geotrupinae species in the Western Palaearctic region. -
Dung Feeding in Hydrophilid, Geotrupid and Scarabaeid Beetles: Examples of Parallel Evolution
Eur. J. Entomol. 101: 365–372, 2004 ISSN 1210-5759 Dung feeding in hydrophilid, geotrupid and scarabaeid beetles: Examples of parallel evolution PETER HOLTER Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Dung beetles, Hydrophilidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae, feeding habits, particle feeding, mouthparts, evolution Abstract. The maximum size of ingested ball-shaped particles was determined in three species of adult dung feeding beetle: Anoplo- trupes (Geotrupes) stercorosus and Geotrupes spiniger (Geotrupidae, Geotrupinae) and Sphaeridium lunatum (Hydrophilidae, Sphaeridiinae). Maximum diameters were 40–65 µm, 60–75 µm and 16–19 µm in A. stercorosus, G. spiniger and S. lunatum, respectively, and it was concluded that these beetles feed in the same way as found in previous studies on coprophagous scarabaeids (Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae). Coarse particles, mainly indigestible plant fragments, are rejected by an unknown filtering mecha- nism, and only very small particles are actually ingested. The two geotrupids, however, tolerate somewhat larger particles than do scarabaeines of similar size. This may reflect a lower degree of specialisation towards dung feeding in the geotrupids than in the scarabaeines. In several ways, the mouthparts of the coprophagous Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae and Hydrophilidae show essentially the same morphological modifications that must be adaptations for dung feeding. For the hydrophilid (Sphaeridium), such modifica- tions are described for the first time. They include asymmetric mandibular molars (right convex, left concave), fitting exactly into each other, with highly specialised surfaces that may concentrate the food prior to ingestion by squeezing fluid out of it. -
Coleopterorum Catalogus
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Coleopterorum Catalogus Jahr/Year: 1912 Band/Volume: 46 Autor(en)/Author(s): Boucomont-Cosne A. Artikel/Article: Scarabaeidae: Taurocerastinae, Geotrapmae 1-47 /UCzrm , y T < ' / i • .. V nil^" rjftnk*1 v, '-J w ' -i4 v* \ Goleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio W. Junk editus a S. Schenkling. Pars 46: A. Boucomont Scarabaeidae: Taurocerastinae, Geotrapmae. Einzel-Preis: Mark 4.40 Subscriptions-Preis: Mark 2.95 W. Junk Berlin W. 15, Kurfuerstendamm 201. 7. IX. 1912. W. JUNK, Berlin W. 15. Verlag und Antiquariat für Entomologie. Soeben erschien: W. Junk Büiliographia Coleopterologica. Ein Leinenband von XYI und 146 Seiten mit 1 Tafel. Preis 1 Mark. Mit einer Einleitung „Die Coleopterologische Lite¬ ratur“, in welcher zum ersten Male der Versuch gemacht ist, den wissenschaftlichen Wert aller irgendwie wichtigen coleopterologischen Werke für den Forscher und Sammler zu charakterisieren. Lepidopterorum Catalogus Editus a H. Wagner. Pars ls Chr. Auriviilius, Chrysopolomidae. 1911. 4 p. (Mark 0.40) Mk. 0.25 2s A. Pagenstecher, Callidulidae. 1911. 14 p. (Mark 1,35) Mk. 0.90 3: A. Pagenstecher, Libytheidae. 1911. 12 p. (Mark 1.10) Mk. 0.75 4s H. Wagner, Hepialidae. 1911. 26 p. (Mark 2.50) Mk. 1.65 5: E. Strand, Noctuidae: Agaristinae. 1912. 82 p. (Mark 7.75) Mk. 5.15 6: E. Meyrick, Adelidae, Micropterygidae, Gracilariadae. 1912. 68 p. (Mark 6.40) Mk. 4.25 7: H. Zerny, Syntomidae. 1912. 179 p. (Mark 16.90) Mk. 11.25 8: L. B. Prout, Geometridae: Brepbinae, (Enochrominae. 1912. 94 p.