Illustrations

MAPS 4.4. Reddish impasto chalice 44 1. The Mediterranean xxvi 4.5. Etruscan inscriptions on the underside of the foot of an Attic kylix 47 2. xxvii 5.1. The urban plateau of 50 3. Etruria xxviii 5.2. Modern Cerveteri, southwest corner 51 4. Territory of xxix 5.3. Map showing city gates of ancient Caere 52 5. Latium xxx 5.4. Etruscan walls on the western side of the plateau 6. Caere, with surrounding necropoleis and central of ancient Caere 53 arteries xxxi 5.5. Remains of the Coperta Gate 53 5.6. Sanctuary of the Manganello Gate 53 FIGURES 5.7. Plan of sanctuary, Vigna Parrocchiale 55 2.1. and their territories 17 5.8. Water-­supply system at Vigna Parrocchiale 55 2.2. Temple at Grasceta dei Cavallari 18 5.9. Plan of the sacred area of Sant’Antonio 56 2.3. Tomb of the Olives 19 6.1. Panther with human leg hanging from its jaws, 3.1a. Map of the territory of Caere during the Final from Etrusco-­Corinthian amphora 62 Bronze Age 28 6.2. Centaur holding animal, panther, prisoner 3.1b. Mycenaean-­style pottery and a lead brace from with hands bound, from Etrusco-­Corinthian Vaccina 28 amphora 62 3.2. Pottery imported to Caere during the Iron 6.3. The Three Fates, from neck of Proto-­Attic Greek Age 29 barrel lekythos 62 3.3. Pottery imported to Caere during the Iron 6.4. Loving couple, or Helen beseeching Menelaos, Age 30 from an Etruscan Orientalizing krater 62 3.4. Caere and its necropoleis during the 6.5. Husband and wife at dinner, Tomb of the Painted Orientalizing period 31 Vases, Tarquinia 63 3.5. Greek pottery imported during the Early and 6.6. Etruscan krater signed by Aristonothos 64 Middle Orientalizing periods 33 6.7. Bucchero olpe (jug) with inscriptions 65 3.6. The statues from Ceri and Malles, Crete 34 6.8. Drawing of scene on a painted amphora now in 4.1. Inscribed bucchero aryballos 42 Amsterdam 66 4.2. Inscription on a pilaster of the Tomb of the 6.9. Scenes incised on an oinochoe from Tragliatella Claudii 43 cemetery 67 4.3. Bucchero flask incised with syllables and 6.10. Mythological and ritual scenes on “Hunchbacks abecedarium 44 Krater” 68 xii Illustrations

7.1. The Caere–­Pyrgi road, the Tumulus of 10.5. Painted ceiling beams in Caere 117 Montetosto, and the area of Quarto di Monte 10.6. Bucchero amphora with silver coating 117 Bischero 74 10.7. Profile of bucchero vessel with gold coating 118 7.2. The port of Pyrgi, sixth–­fifth century BCE 75 10.8. Lion protome once belonging to bronze 7.3. The area of recent excavations at Pyrgi 76 cauldron 118 7.4. The Tumulus of Montetosto 77 10.9. Watercolors of tomb paintings in Caere, by 7.5. The sanctuary of Pyrgi 78 Maria Barosso 119 7.6. The gold laminae from the Monumental 11.1. Terminology and position of roof elements 126 Sanctuary at Pyrgi 80 11.2. Reconstruction of roof pediment with military 7.7. High-­relief figures of the rear façade of Temple scenes 127 A, Pyrgi 81 11.3. Painted raking sima 127 7.8. Attic pottery from the Southern Sanctuary, 11.4. Painted revetment plaque with floral Pyrgi 82 decoration 128 8.1. Map of the Caeretan shore and Pyrgi 89 11.5. Reconstruction of roof pediment with decorated 8.2. Montetosto, plan of courtyard building 90 plaques 128 8.3. The area of Montetosto 91 11.6. Antefix with female head 129 9.1. Reconstruction of some of the tombs in the 11.7. Reconstruction of Etrusco-­Ionian roof pediment Sorbo cemetery 98 of the Temple of Mater Matuta, Satricum 129 9.2. Aerial view of Banditaccia cemetery 99 11.8. Acroterion fragment showing torso of 9.3. Arrangement and plans of tombs, Banditaccia Herakles 132 cemetery 99 11.9. Fragment of head of Herakles, belonging to 9.4. Cube tombs, Banditaccia cemetery 100 acroterion 132 9.5. Ground plans of the tomb types delineated by 11.10. Acroterion fragment showing a winged goddess F. Prayon 103 carrying a male child 133 9.6. Main alcove, Tomb of the Reliefs, Banditaccia 11.11. Acroterion fragment showing a male hand on a cemetery 104 female shoulder 133 9.7. Tomb of the Five Chairs 105 11.12. Acroterion showing Athena and Herakles 134 9.8. Interior, Tomb of the Shields and Chairs 106 11.13. Reconstruction drawing of central acroterion showing Athena and Herakles 135 9.9. Carved column and capital, Tomb of the Capitals, Banditaccia cemetery 107 11.14. Map of central Italy, indicating the findspots of roofs with Veii-­-­ and Rome-­Caprifico 9.10. Seated figure from the Tomb of the Five decorative roof systems 135 Chairs 107 11.15. Acroterion showing the head of a goddess 136 10.1. Distribution of painted tombs in Etruria in the seventh century BCE 114 11.16. Reconstruction drawing of an acroterion showing Athena and Herakles 136 10.2. Plans of painted tombs in southern Etruria dating to the seventh century BCE 115 12.1. Grave offerings at the Tomba Maroi III, Banditaccia cemetery 142 10.3. Locations in Caere of painted tombs dating to the seventh century BCE 116 13.1. Bronze-­clad lead weight with dedication to Turms and Rath, from the sanctuary at 10.4. Plan of the Sorbo Tumulus 116 Sant’Antonio 151 Illustrations xiii

13.2. Plan of sanctuary at Sant’Antonio 152 17.4. Stamped decoration on cylinder-­stamped 13.3. Plate from the Genucilia group with brazier, from Monte Abatone tomb 120 192 inscription 153 17.5. Cylinder-­stamped pithos (chariot race) 192 13.4. Lead disc from , with 18.1. Gold pectoral, from the Regolini-­Galassi inscriptions 154 Tomb 196 13.5. Plan of sacred complex at Grasceta dei 18.2. Stamps on the gold pectoral from the Regolini-­ Cavallari 157 Galassi Tomb 196 15.1. Kotyle (type b), from Banditaccia, Tumulus 1, 18.3. Pair of gold bracelets, from the Regolini-­Galassi tomb 2 174 Tomb 199 15.2. Oinochoe (type 1), from Sorbo necropolis 174 18.4. Pair of gold clasps, from Tomba dei Doli, 15.3. Kantharos (type 3f ), from Autostrada tomb Camera degli Alari 201 48 175 18.5. Fragmentary Phoenician (?) gold clasp 202 15.4. Kantharos (type 5), from Bufolareccia tomb 18.6. Pair of gold plaques 202 999 175 18.7. Cypro-­Phoenician bowl, from the Regolini-­ 15.5. Kantharos (type 3e), from Monte Abatone tomb Galassi Tomb 202 384 175 18.8. Ivory pyxis, from the Regolini-­Galassi 15.6. Kantharos (type 3g), from Monte Abatone tomb Tomb 204 384 175 18.9. Ivory pyxis, from Caere 205 15.7. Plate, from Cornacchiola Tumulus 176 19.1. Chain necklace with three pendants, from the 15.8. Askos, from Calabresi Tomb 176 Regolini-Galassi­ Tomb 210 15.9. Kotyle (type b), from Montetosto Tumulus 178 20.1. Findspots of terracottas discovered in 15.10. Olpe, from San Paolo Tumulus (detail) 178 Caere 216 15.11. Oinochoe (type 2a), from Montetosto 20.2. A collection of surface finds at the Manganello Tumulus 179 site 217 15.12. Amphora (type 1f ) 179 20.3. Two “Tanagra”-type figurines, from the Vignaccia site 218 15.13. Oinochoe (type 8a), from Monte Abatone tomb 579 180 20.4. Three votive heads, from the Vignaccia site 218 16.1. “Sarcophagus of the Spouses,” Villa Giulia 184 20.5. Figure of a musician, from the Vignaccia site 219 16.2. “Sarcophagus of the Spouses,” Louvre 185 20.6. Female bust, from the Vignaccia site 220 16.3. Ash urn with couple reclining 186 20.7. Four seated kourotroph figures, from the 16.4. “Miss Gilda” takes a photo of the Spouses; Vignaccia site 221 cartoon by Cinzia Leone 186 20.8. Two seated women and a “child,” from the 16.5. Mary Cassatt gazing at the “Sarcophagus of the Vignaccia site 222 Spouses”; etching and aquatint by E. Degas 186 20.9. Votive group, from the Manganello site 222 17.1. Cylinder-­stamped brazier with burned material, as found in Bufolareccia tomb 43 190 20.10. Standing Menerva, from the Vignaccia site 223 17.2. Cylinder-­stamped pithos placed in a cylinder-­ stamped brazier 190 20.11. Menerva on bench, from the Vignaccia site 224 17.3. Stamped pithos 191 xiv Illustrations

20.12. Woman on a kline, from Caere 224 23.3. Adornment scene, by the American Academy 20.13. Woman with iynx wheel, from the Vignaccia Caeretan Painter 254 site 225 23.4. Heads of women, from the Torcop Group 255 20.14. Double Artumes, from the Vignaccia site 225 23.5. Fish plate, by the Caeretan Fish Plate 20.15. Votive head, from the Manganello site 226 Painter 255 20.16. Votive head and reworked version, from the 23.6. Black-gloss­ lekanis with overpainted decoration, Manganello site 226 from the Manganello Group 256 21.1. Ritual procession of male and female figures, on 24.1. Cornelian gem with scene of priests carrying two Campana plaques 232 sacred shields 264 21.2. Woman and bird, fragment of a plaque from a 24.2. Painting showing banquet, from Tomb of the temple in the Vigna Marini-­Vitalini area 233 Triclinium 265 21.3. Advancing warriors, plaque from the so-­called 24.3. Plan and sections of the hypogeum of Temple of Hera 234 Clepsina 267 21.4. Reconstruction of the indoor setting of plaques 24.4. Stone relief with personifications of Vetulonia, on the woodwork on interior wall 234 Vulci, and Tarquinia 268 21.5. Gorgons, plaques from the city area 235 21.6. Man’s face, fragment of a plaque from a temple PLATES in the Vigna Mariano Ramella area 236 1. Vatican map with Caere, from the Gallery of Maps, 21.7. The “Plaque of the Warrior,” from Ceri 237 Vatican Museums 22.1. Late Geometric amphora with a fabulous beast, 2. Tolfa Mountains by the Painter of the Cranes 242 3. Mignone River 22.2. Orientalizing amphora with harpist and 4. Tragliatella acrobat-­dancers, by the Heptachord Painter 243 5. Overview of Sant’Antonio site 22.3. Drawing of a frieze painted on a white-­ on-­red amphora by the Painter of the Siren 6. The Elliptical Building at the Vigna Parrocchiale Attachment 244 7. Castle of 22.4. Etrusco-­Corinthian amphora with sacrifice 8. Aerial photo of the coast of Pyrgi scene, sphinx, and horseman, Group of the 9. Two of the gold laminae from the Monumental Amphoras with Scales 245 Sanctuary at Pyrgi 22.5. The “Hunchbacks Gobbi[ ] Krater,” by the 10. Terracotta striding warrior, Vigna Marini-­Vitalini Painter of the Knotted Tails 246 11. The earlier tomb of the Sorbo Tumulus: Tomb of 22.6. East Greek–­style hydria with Maia and Apollo, the Elevator Group of the Caeretan Hydrias 247 12. Bucchero vessel, sherds with gold coating 22.7. Black-figure­ amphora with Achilles and Troilos, 13. Tomb of the Painted Lions La Tolfa Group 247 14. Gold disc fibula, from the Regolini-­Galassi Tomb 23.1. Clay red-­figure helmet, from the Banditaccia necropolis, attributed to the Marcioni 15. The Boccanera plaques Painter 252 16. Head of a woman, Genucilia plate, Providence 23.2. The eponymous Genucilia plate 253 17. Painting of palm tree, in the hypogeum of Clepsina