DOCSLIB.ORG

Vol 25 No 2 Supplement TEXTS.Pmd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vol 25 No 2 Supplement TEXTS.Pmd FOREWORD It is an honour for me to have the opportunity and Nad has become knowledgable at the to write a few words in appreciation of professional level in a wide range of areas, Scientist Nadchatram’s life and work. I hope which he demonstrates in this report. He sets he will agree to my using the appellation forth in clear fashion the fundamentals of “Nad” for him. It is a term of friendship and Acari-related conditions, including rickettsiae respectful address used by his numerous (notably scrub typhus), viral diseases, and friends overseas. Our association began in conditions caused directly by acarines (such 1963 with my joining the staff of the George as tick bite and scabies in its zoonotic form). W. Hooper Foundation (HF) at the University He was a participant in most of the research of California Medical Centre in San Francisco. carried out in his own country, so that he is Director J. Ralph Audy, who hired me, had able to write of it with familiarity and previously been at the Institute of Medical authority. It should be obvious that this report Research (IMR) as Head of the Division of will be of unusual value to anyone concerned Virus Research and Medical Zoology and, as with research in medical zoology in Malaysia. Nad relates in his historical summation of However, I would emphasise that medical scrub typhus research, that led to a zoologists anywhere in the world can benefit collaborative program between HF and IMR. from it. Many of my associates spent one to several I was pleased to read of two topics that years at IMR (or the University of Singapore), Dr. Nadchatram covers and to learn of but it was not my good fortune to do so. government programs in Malaysia that have However, in subsequently working at the begun to address them. These are conservation Bishop Museum in Hawaii, I was able to go of natural resources and the abatement of to Papua New Guinea on repeated occasions, global warming. Few countries have addressed and thereby work on the verterbrates and their these problems adequately, but it is well that parasites of a tropical forest fauna similar to there is an awareness of the need to do so. that studied by Dr. Nadchatram in Malaysia. Other than scientist, a term that describes While not wanting to suggest that my Dr. Nadchatram is naturalist. I wonder if accomplishments attained the high level of his, anyone can do justice to field research in I do wish to note parallels in our experience. biology who does not have the appreciation of When I first went to Hawaii in the summer of nature that is suggested by the second term. 1969, it was Nad, completing studies there Nad’s feelings on one occasion, recalled after under a grant, who showed me many of the 40 years, are expressed here as delight in the high points. In this report, he notes 14 now beauty and complexity of untrammeled nature deceased scientists whose research in when rambling “in the park like primary forest Malaysia should be recognized; I was interspersed with tall trees forming the canopy interested and slightly surprised to recognize high above.” that all but a couple of them had significant Anything more that might be said is interactions with my own career. presented in the work that follows, as written The term scientist is used above, and it is by Dr. M. Nadchatram. I advise you to read, particularly fitting for Dr. Nadchatram. It profit, and enjoy. derives from science, meaning “knowledge”, Frank J. Radovsky Department of Zoology Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon, USA (Formerly Chairman, Department of Entomology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii and editor in-chief, Journal Medical Entomology) 1 THE AUTHOR M. Nadchatram is a retired Entomologist with Nadchatram’s name is commemorated in 15 some 40 years experience in the study of biological taxa. medical acarology. He began his foray into Nadchatram was also a Research Fellow the world of parasitic ticks and mites in 1948 at the Department of Entomology, B.P. Bishop when he joined the Institute for Medical Museum, Hawaii, U.S.A. from 1967 to 1969; Research (IMR) as a laboratory technologist. and a part-time consultant on vector biology During this time at IMR, he had the for the World Health Organisation. In addition, opportunity to participate in a number of he has served as senior lecturer on applied zoological expeditions in the Asia Pacific parasitology and entomology as well as region, including Nepal, Papua New Guinea, ectoparasite biology to post-graduate students Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia and his own country, from SEAMEO (Southeast Asian Ministers of Malaysia. In 1976, Nadchatram was appointed Education Organisation) countries from 1970 Entomologist at IMR and was the Founding to 1981. Head of the Division of Acarology, retiring in His academic achievements include December 1982. On retirement from IMR, he graduating with distinction in general, medical was appointed Senior Teaching Fellow in the and veterinary acarology from the University Faculty of Science, University of Singapore of Maryland, College Park, U.S.A. He is also for six years from 1983 to 1988. a public health and entomology graduate of Inspired and motivated by his revered University of Hawaii, Honolulu. guru, Dr J. Ralph Audy, Nadchatram made Nadchatram is a founder member and was numerous scientific contributions and president of the Malaysian Society of discoveries of ecological and epidemiological Parasitology and Tropical Medicine importance in medical acarology. The results (MSPTM). He was awarded the Sandosham of his original scientific work in some 160 Gold Medal in 1980. In 2007, the MSPTM publications were accepted and published in unanimously elected him its Honorary several international journals, mostly in the Member. Journal of Medical Entomology, before he was Aged 80 years, his message to the younger promoted to a position of entomologist in generation of Malaysian scientists is that 1976. His work ranged from systematics and communication and net-working with ecology, to conservation of natural resources. colleagues should be regarded as a functional Held in high regard by his peers overseas, part of research. 2 THE BENEFICIAL RAIN FOREST ECOSYSTEM, WITH ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON ZOONOSES INVOLVING TICKS AND MITES (ACARI), A MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVE AND REVIEW M. NADCHATRAM Formerly Entomologist and Founding Head, Division of Acarology, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Ticks and mites are second only to mosquitos in importance as vectors of human infectious diseases. This paper reviews recorded information on zoonotic infections based primarily on studies conducted in Malaysia since 1948, but with some attempt at a global perspective. The tropical rain forest ecosystem is reviewed. The paper summarizes some 35 years of studies on the involvement of ticks and mites in human health and welfare in Malaysia. This is also an attempt to introduce the field to those who may be interested, in view of our limited knowledge relative to the importance of these vectors, and their potential of transmitting newly emerging diseases that may be introduced to the country. Tropical rain forest is a stable environment. Though Acari-borne zoonotic diseases evolved in the forest, infections are manifested through the alterations mostly by man-made activities. The parasitic Acari have preferred environmental conditions and biotopes that determine their distribution in nature, particularly within the tropical rain forest and consequently the environmentally altered areas that are the source of greatest risk for diseases. Acarines also vary in their vector potential. This article reviews the biology and ecology of all those species known to have zoonotic importance. Zoonosis in this paper refers not only to diseases that are transmitted from animals to man, but also those parasites of animals that cause dermatitis and other skin conditions in humans. This paper documents all Acari-borne zoonoses and distinguishes between those caused by viruses and those caused by rickettsiae. Emphasis is placed on Langat Virus, a tick-borne virus discovered and documented in Malaysia, with notes on the life-history and ecology of the vector Ixodes granulatus from which Langat virus was first isolated. Another tick-borne virus, the Lanjan virus was also isolated from Dermacentor “auratus” at the IMR. The paper mentions three other viral infections that have been isolated in Malaysia from ticks, vertebrate reservoirs or both. The tick-borne rickettsial infection, boutonneuse fever is reviewed. The distribution is given for Q-fever, a disease caused by a pathogenic agent that is rickettsia-like. Information to clarify the status of Dermacentor ticks, human tick bites, and the presence of questing ticks on vegetation are also given. Tick-caused human otoacariasis in Malaysia and elsewhere is discussed, with notes on terminology. Based on a report by Induharan et al., tick paralysis is believed to occur in Malaysia. The potential importance and introduction of Lyme disease to Malaysia is discussed. The epidemiology and ecology of scrub typhus and its vectors is reviewed, including the colourful history of its study at the Institute for Medical Research (IMR). Scabies is now recognized 3 as a zoonosis and the condition is described. Sarcoptid mites are suspected to represent more than one species. Scrub-itch and dermatitis caused by chigger mites, macronyssid mites and astigmatid mites are discussed. The importance of birds and bats in the dispersal of parasites is discussed. As examples of classical Acari-borne zoonoses, a viral disease from India and a rickettsial disease from America are briefly described. The elucidations of the natural history of these tick-borne diseases are described as epics of biomedical history. Though the essence of this paper is on environmental effects of zoonoses caused by ticks and mites, the environment in relation to human welfare and diseases is also discussed.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Human Parasitisation with Nymphal Dermacentor Auratus Supino, 1897 (Acari: Ixodoiidea: Ixodidae)
    Veterinary Practitioner Vol. 20 No. 2 December 2019 HUMAN PARASITISATION WITH NYMPHAL DERMACENTOR AURATUS SUPINO, 1897 (ACARI: IXODOIIDEA: IXODIDAE) Saidul Islam1, Prabhat Chandra Sarmah2 and Kanta Bhattacharjee3 Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati- 781 022, Assam, India Received on: 29.09.2019 ABSTRACT Accepted on: 03.11.2019 Human parasitisation with nymphal tick and its morhphology has been described. First author accidentally acquired with three nymphal tick infestation from wilderness. Nymphs were attached in hand and both the arm pits leading to intense itching, oedematous swelling and pinkish skin discolouration at the site of attachment. On sixth day of infestation there was mild pyrexia, the differential leukocytic count showed polymorphs 68%, lymphocytes 27%, monocytes 2% and eosinophils 3%. Though the conditions were ameliorated after steroid therapy, yet, the site of attachment was indurated for 8 months which gradually resolved. A nymph replete with blood meal was put in a desiccator with sufficient humidity at room temperature of 170C for moulting that transformed into adult female in 43 days measuring 5.0 X 5.5 mm in size. Detail morphological study confirmed the species as Dermacentor auratus Supino, 1897. Significance of human tick parasitisation has been reviewed and warranted for transmission of possible vector borne pathogens. Key words: Dermacentor auratus, nymph, human, India Introduction Result and Discussion Ticks form a major group of ectoparasites of animals, Tick species and morphology birds and reptiles to cause different types of direct injuries The partially fed nymphs were brown coloured measuring and transmit infectious diseases. Human parasitisation 2.0 X 2.5 mm in size with deep cervical groove, nearly circular by tick, although not common as compared to the animals, small scutum broadest in the middle and 3/3 dentition in the has been recorded in different parts of the world (Wassef hypostome.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Ixodes Ricinus Female Salivary Glands Factors Involved in Bartonella Henselae Transmission
    UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-EST École Doctorale Agriculture, Biologie, Environnement, Santé T H È S E Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-EST Spécialité : Sciences du vivant Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Xiangye LIU Le 15 Novembre 2013 Identification of Ixodes ricinus female salivary glands factors involved in Bartonella henselae transmission Directrice de thèse : Dr. Sarah I. Bonnet USC INRA Bartonella-Tiques, UMR 956 BIPAR, Maisons-Alfort, France Jury Dr. Catherine Bourgouin, Chef de laboratoire, Institut Pasteur Rapporteur Dr. Karen D. McCoy, Chargée de recherches, CNRS Rapporteur Dr. Patrick Mavingui, Directeur de recherches, CNRS Examinateur Dr. Karine Huber, Chargée de recherches, INRA Examinateur ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To everyone who helped me to complete my PhD studies, thank you. Here are the acknowledgements for all those people. Foremost, I express my deepest gratitude to all the members of the jury, Dr. Catherine Bourgouin, Dr. Karen D. McCoy, Dr. Patrick Mavingui, Dr. Karine Huber, thanks for their carefully reviewing of my thesis. I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Sarah I. Bonnet for supporting me during the past four years. Sarah is someone who is very kind and cheerful, and it is a happiness to work with her. She has given me a lot of help for both living and studying in France. Thanks for having prepared essential stuff for daily use when I arrived at Paris; it was greatly helpful for a foreigner who only knew “Bonjour” as French vocabulary. And I also express my profound gratitude for her constant guidance, support, motivation and untiring help during my doctoral program.
    [Show full text]
  • The Predatory Mite (Acari, Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata (Gamasina); Acariformes: Prostigmata) Community in Strawberry Agrocenosis
    Acta Universitatis Latviensis, Biology, 2004, Vol. 676, pp. 87–95 The predatory mite (Acari, Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata (Gamasina); Acariformes: Prostigmata) community in strawberry agrocenosis Valentîna Petrova*, Ineta Salmane, Zigrîda Çudare Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera 3, Salaspils LV-2169, Latvia *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Altogether 37 predatory mite species from 14 families (Parasitiformes and Acariformes) were collected using leaf sampling and pit-fall trapping in strawberry fi elds (1997 - 2001). Thirty- six were recorded on strawberries for the fi rst time in Latvia. Two species, Paragarmania mali (Oud.) (Aceosejidae) and Eugamasus crassitarsis (Hal.) (Parasitidae) were new for the fauna of Latvia. The most abundant predatory mite families (species) collected from strawberry leaves were Phytoseiidae (Amblyseius cucumeris Oud., A. aurescens A.-H., A. bicaudus Wainst., A. herbarius Wainst.) and Anystidae (Anystis baccarum L.); from pit-fall traps – Parasitidae (Poecilochirus necrophori Vitz. and Parasitus lunaris Berl.), Aceosejidae (Leioseius semiscissus Berl.) and Macrochelidae (Macrocheles glaber Müll). Key words: agrocenosis, diversity, predatory mites, strawberry. Introduction Predatory mites play an important ecological role in terrestrial ecosystems and they are increasingly being used in management for biocontrol of pest mites, thrips and nematodes (Easterbrook 1992; Wright, Chambers 1994; Croft et al. 1998; Cuthbertson et al. 2003). Many of these mites have a major infl uence on nutrient cycling, as they are predators on other arthropods (Santos 1985; Karg 1993; Koehler 1999). In total, investigations of mite fauna in Latvia were made by Grube (1859), who found 28 species, Eglītis (1954) – 50 species, Kuznetsov and Petrov (1984) – 85 species, Lapiņa (1988) – 207 species, and Salmane (2001) – 247 species.
    [Show full text]
  • TICKS in RELATION to HUMAN DISEASES CAUSED by <I
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Navy Research U.S. Department of Defense 1967 TICKS IN RELATION TO HUMAN DISEASES CAUSED BY RICKETTSIA SPECIES Harry Hoogstraal Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usnavyresearch This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Defense at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in U.S. Navy Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. TICKS IN RELATION TO HUMAN DISEASES CAUSED BY RICKETTSIA SPECIES1,2 By HARRY HOOGSTRAAL Department oj Medical Zoology, United States Naval Medical Research Unit Number Three, Cairo, Egypt, U.A.R. Rickettsiae (185) are obligate intracellular parasites that multiply by binary fission in the cells of both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. They are pleomorphic coccobacillary bodies with complex cell walls containing muramic acid, and internal structures composed of ribonucleic and deoxyri­ bonucleic acids. Rickettsiae show independent metabolic activity with amino acids and intermediate carbohydrates as substrates, and are very susceptible to tetracyclines as well as to other antibiotics. They may be considered as fastidious bacteria whose major unique character is their obligate intracellu­ lar life, although there is at least one exception to this. In appearance, they range from coccoid forms 0.3 J.I. in diameter to long chains of bacillary forms. They are thus intermediate in size between most bacteria and filterable viruses, and form the family Rickettsiaceae Pinkerton. They stain poorly by Gram's method but well by the procedures of Macchiavello, Gimenez, and Giemsa.
    [Show full text]
  • Dermacentor Rhinocerinus (Denny 1843) (Acari : Lxodida: Ixodidae): Rede­ Scription of the Male, Female and Nymph and First Description of the Larva
    Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res., 60:59-68 (1993) ABSTRACT KEIRANS, JAMES E. 1993. Dermacentor rhinocerinus (Denny 1843) (Acari : lxodida: Ixodidae): rede­ scription of the male, female and nymph and first description of the larva. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60:59-68 (1993) Presented is a diagnosis of the male, female and nymph of Dermacentor rhinocerinus, and the 1st description of the larval stage. Adult Dermacentor rhinocerinus paras1tize both the black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis, and the white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum. Although various other large mammals have been recorded as hosts for D. rhinocerinus, only the 2 species of rhinoceros are primary hosts for adults in various areas of east, central and southern Africa. Adults collected from vegetation in the Kruger National Park, Transvaal, South Africa were reared on rabbits at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, where larvae were obtained for the 1st time. INTRODUCTION longs to the rhinoceros tick with the binomen Am­ blyomma rhinocerotis (De Geer, 1778). Although the genus Dermacentor is represented throughout the world by approximately 30 species, Schulze (1932) erected the genus Amblyocentorfor only 2 occur in the Afrotropical region. These are D. D. rhinocerinus. Present day workers have ignored circumguttatus Neumann, 1897, whose adults pa­ this genus since it is morphologically unnecessary, rasitize elephants, and D. rhinocerinus (Denny, but a few have relegated Amblyocentor to a sub­ 1843), whose adults parasitize both the black or genus of Dermacentor. hook-lipped rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis (Lin­ Two subspecific names have been attached to naeus, 1758), and the white or square-lipped rhino­ D. rhinocerinus. Neumann (191 0) erected D.
    [Show full text]
  • Gamasid Mites
    NATIONAL RESEARCH TOMSK STATE UNIVERSITY BIOLOGICAL INSTITUTE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTE M.V. Orlova, M.K. Stanyukovich, O.L. Orlov GAMASID MITES (MESOSTIGMATA: GAMASINA) PARASITIZING BATS (CHIROPTERA: RHINOLOPHIDAE, VESPERTILIONIDAE, MOLOSSIDAE) OF PALAEARCTIC BOREAL ZONE (RUSSIA AND ADJACENT COUNTRIES) Scientific editor Andrey S. Babenko, Doctor of Science, professor, National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk Publishing House of Tomsk State University 2015 UDK 576.89:599.4 BBK E693.36+E083 Orlova M.V., Stanyukovich M.K., Orlov O.L. Gamasid mites (Mesostigmata: Gamasina) associated with bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae, Rhinolophidae, Molossidae) of boreal Palaearctic zone (Russia and adjacent countries) / Scientific editor A.S. Babenko. – Tomsk : Publishing House of Tomsk State University, 2015. – 150 р. ISBN 978-5-94621-523-7 Bat gamasid mites is a highly specialized ectoparasite group which is of great interest due to strong isolation and other unique features of their hosts (the ability to fly, long distance migration, long-term hibernation). The book summarizes the results of almost 60 years of research and is the most complete summary of data on bat gamasid mites taxonomy, biology, ecol- ogy. It contains the first detailed description of bat wintering experience in sev- eral regions of the boreal Palaearctic. The book is addressed to zoologists, ecologists, experts in environmental protection and biodiversity conservation, students and teachers of biology, vet- erinary science and medicine. UDK 576.89:599.4
    [Show full text]
  • (Batch Learning Self-Organizing Maps), to the Microbiome Analysis of Ticks
    Title A novel approach, based on BLSOMs (Batch Learning Self-Organizing Maps), to the microbiome analysis of ticks Nakao, Ryo; Abe, Takashi; Nijhof, Ard M; Yamamoto, Seigo; Jongejan, Frans; Ikemura, Toshimichi; Sugimoto, Author(s) Chihiro The ISME Journal, 7(5), 1003-1015 Citation https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2012.171 Issue Date 2013-03 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/53167 Type article (author version) File Information ISME_Nakao.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP A novel approach, based on BLSOMs (Batch Learning Self-Organizing Maps), to the microbiome analysis of ticks Ryo Nakao1,a, Takashi Abe2,3,a, Ard M. Nijhof4, Seigo Yamamoto5, Frans Jongejan6,7, Toshimichi Ikemura2, Chihiro Sugimoto1 1Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan 2Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan 3Graduate School of Science & Technology, Niigata University, 8050, Igarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi- ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan 4Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany 5Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, 2-3-2 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2155, Japan 6Utrecht Centre for Tick-borne Diseases (UCTD), Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands 7Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa aThese authors contributed equally to this work. Keywords: BLSOMs/emerging diseases/metagenomics/microbiomes/symbionts/ticks Running title: Tick microbiomes revealed by BLSOMs Subject category: Microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions Abstract Ticks transmit a variety of viral, bacterial and protozoal pathogens, which are often zoonotic.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Advies Van Buro Over De Risico's Sierteeltketen
    Advies over de risico’s van de sierteeltketen Bijlagen 7 december 2020 TRCVWA/2020/6437 Advies over de risico’s van de sierteeltketen - TRCVWA/2020/6437 - Bijlagen Inhoudsopgave Bijlagen 1 Doel van de risicobeoordeling, definitie, focus en afbakening, beoordelingskader BuRO .......... 4 1.1 Doel .................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Definitie, focus en afbakening ................................................................................. 4 1.3 Beoordelingskader ................................................................................................. 7 2 Beschrijving van de sierteeltketen ................................................................................... 9 2.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................... 9 2.2 De sierteelt algemeen .......................................................................................... 11 2.3 De sierteelt in verwarmde kassen .......................................................................... 12 2.4 Teelt in de open lucht, koude kas of plastic tunnel ................................................... 16 3 Risicobeoordeling van voor planten schadelijke organismen: wetgeving, afbakening en methodiek ........................................................................................................................ 18 3.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Parasites on Fitness Parameters of the European Hedgehog (Erinaceus Europaeus)
    Influence of parasites on fitness parameters of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus ) Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTORS DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN (Dr. rer. nat.) Fakultät für Chemie und Biowissenschaften Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) – Universitätsbereich vorgelegte DISSERTATION von Miriam Pamina Pfäffle aus Heilbronn Dekan: Prof. Dr. Stefan Bräse Referent: Prof. Dr. Horst Taraschewski Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Agustin Estrada-Peña Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 19.10.2010 For my mother and my sister – the strongest influences in my life “Nose-to-nose with a hedgehog, you get a chance to look into its eyes and glimpse a spark of truly wildlife.” (H UGH WARWICK , 2008) „Madame Michel besitzt die Eleganz des Igels: außen mit Stacheln gepanzert, eine echte Festung, aber ich ahne vage, dass sie innen auf genauso einfache Art raffiniert ist wie die Igel, diese kleinen Tiere, die nur scheinbar träge, entschieden ungesellig und schrecklich elegant sind.“ (M URIEL BARBERY , 2008) Index of contents Index of contents ABSTRACT 13 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 15 I. INTRODUCTION 17 1. Parasitism 17 2. The European hedgehog ( Erinaceus europaeus LINNAEUS 1758) 19 2.1 Taxonomy and distribution 19 2.2 Ecology 22 2.3 Hedgehog populations 25 2.4 Parasites of the hedgehog 27 2.4.1 Ectoparasites 27 2.4.2 Endoparasites 32 3. Study aims 39 II. MATERIALS , ANIMALS AND METHODS 41 1. The experimental hedgehog population 41 1.1 Hedgehogs 41 1.2 Ticks 43 1.3 Blood sampling 43 1.4 Blood parameters 45 1.5 Regeneration 47 1.6 Climate parameters 47 2. Hedgehog dissections 48 2.1 Hedgehog samples 48 2.2 Biometrical data 48 2.3 Organs 49 2.4 Parasites 50 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Sgienge Bulletin
    THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SGIENGE BULLETIN Vol. XXXVII, Px. II] June 29, 1956 [No. 19 of The Chigger Mites Kansas (Acarina, Trombiculidae ) BY Richard B. Loomis Abstract: Studies of the chigger mites in Kansas revealed 47 forms, con- sisting of 46 species in the following genera: Leeuwcnhoekia ( 1 ), Acomatacarus (3), Whartoraa (1), Hannemania (3), Trombicula (21), Speleocola (1), Euschbngastia (10), Pseudoschongastia (2), Cheladonta (1), Neoschongastia (2), and Walchia (1). Data were gathered in the period from 1947 to 1954. More than 14,000 mounted larvae were critically examined. All but one of the 47 forms were obtained from a total of 6,534 vertebrates of 194 species. Larvae of eight species of chiggers also were recovered from black plastic sampler plates placed on the substrate. Free-living nymphs and adults of all species seem to be active in warm weather. The time of oviposition differs in the different kinds, but there is little variation within a species. The exact time of emergence, abundance and disappearance of the larvae depends on the temperature of the environment. The species can be arranged according to their larval activity in two seasonal groups: the summer group (26 species) and the winter group (20 species). The seasonal overlap between these groups is slight. Rainfall and moisture content of the substrate affect the abundance of the larvae, but not the time of their emergence or disappearance. The summer species often have two genera- tions of larvae annually, but in the winter species no more than one generation is known. The larvae, normally parasitic on vertebrates, exhibit little host specificity.
    [Show full text]
  • Genus Boophilus Curtice Genus Rhipicentor Nuttall & Warburton
    3 CONTENTS General remarks 4 Genus Amblyomma Koch 5 Genus Anomalohimalaya Hoogstraal, Kaiser & Mitchell 46 Genus Aponomma Neumann 47 Genus Boophilus Curtice 58 Genus Hyalomma Koch. 63 Genus Margaropus Karsch 82 Genus Palpoboophilus Minning 84 Genus Rhipicentor Nuttall & Warburton 84 Genus Uroboophilus Minning. 84 References 86 SUMMARI A list of species and subspecies currently included in the tick genera Amblyomma, Aponomma, Anomalohimalaya, Boophilus, Hyalomma, Margaropus, and Rhipicentor, as well as in the unaccepted genera Palpoboophilus and Uroboophilus is given in this paper. The published synonymies and authors of each spécifie or subspecific name are also included. Remaining tick genera have been reviewed in part in a previous paper of this series, and will be finished in a future third part. Key-words: Amblyomma, Aponomma, Anomalohimalaya, Boophilus, Hyalomma, Margaropus, Rhipicentor, Uroboophilus, Palpoboophilus, species, synonymies. RESUMEN Se proporciona una lista de las especies y subespecies actualmente incluidas en los géneros Amblyomma, Aponomma, Anomalohimalaya, Boophilus, Hyalomma, Margaropus y Rhipicentor, asi como en los géneros no aceptados Palpoboophilus and Uroboophilus. Se incluyen también las sinonimias publicadas y los autores de cada nombre especifico o subespecifico. Los restantes géneros de garrapatas han sido revisados en parte en un volumen previo de esta serie, y serân terminados en una futura tercera parte. Palabras claves Amblyomma, Aponomma, Anomalohimalaya, Boophilus, Hyalomma, Margaropus, Rhipicentor, Uroboophilus, Palpoboophilus, especies, sinonimias. 4 GENERAL REMARKS Following is a list of species and subspecies of ticks d~e scribed in the genera Amblyomma, Aponomma, Anomalohimalaya, Boophilus, Hyalorma, Margaropus, and Rhipicentor, as well as in the unaccepted genera Palpoboophilus and Uroboophilus. The first volume (Estrada- Pena, 1991) included data for Haemaphysalis, Anocentor, Dermacentor, and Cosmiomma.
    [Show full text]
  • THE GENUS GUNTHERANA (Acarina, Trombiculidae)
    Pacific Insects 2 (2) : 195-237 July 31, 1960 THE GENUS GUNTHERANA (Acarina, Trombiculidae) By Robert Domrow QUEENSLAND INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH, BRISBANE ABSTRACT The genus Guntherana is enlarged to include the chiggers from Australia and New Guinea previously assigned to Euschongastia s. 1. (except those of the subgenus Walchiel- la, which should be restored to generic rank). Two subgenera, Eerrickiella and Gun­ therana s. s., are recognized on both nymphal and larval characters, and each contains 2 species groups recognizable on larval characters alone. The subgeneric division by lar­ val characters parallels that by nymphal characters. Twenty-six species have been transferred, and 4 new species described, bringing the total to 33, including the 3 species already in the genus (kallipygos, tindalei, trans­ lucens'). Keys are given to the larval subgenera, species groups and species, but the nymphs are too alike morphologically to be profitably keyed, except at a subgeneric level. The following 26 larval names are combined for the first time with Guntherana: andromeda Womersley, antipodiana Hirst, cassiope Worn., coorongensis Hirst, dasycerci Hirst, derricki Worn., dumosa Worn., echymipera Worn. & Kohls, foliata Gunther, heaslipi Worn. & Heaslip, innisfailensis Worn. & Heas., mackerrasae Worn., mccullochi Worn., parva Worn., perameles Worn., peregrina Worn., Petrogale Worn., pseudomys Worn., queensland­ ica Worn., shieldsi Gun., similis Worn. & Heas., smithi Worn., trichosuri Worn., newmani Worn., womersleyi Gun., & wongabelensis Worn. Four new larval species are described from Queensland—G. (D.) petulans from Rattus assimilis, Melomys cervinipes and Hypsi­ prymnodon moschatus; G. (Z>.) rex from R. assimilis; G. (G.) emphyla from Isoodon macrourus, Perameles nasuta and M. cervinipes; and G.
    [Show full text]