DOCSLIB.ORG

Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 111 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 111 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 111 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 155 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 28, 2009 No. 158 Senate The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was ator from the State of Colorado, to perform this body now. We also have the loss called to order by the Honorable MARK the duties of the Chair. carryback, which is extremely impor- UDALL, a Senator from the State of ROBERT C. BYRD, tant for businesses at this time, also Colorado. President pro tempore. widely agreed upon. It was originally Mr. UDALL of Colorado thereupon sponsored by Senator BUNNING, and PRAYER assumed the chair as Acting President now Senator BAUCUS and others have The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- pro tempore. agreed to this—not two or three Sen- fered the following prayer: f ators but significant numbers on both Let us pray. sides. We could get those done. We have RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY given the Republicans a request to do Father of all, we praise and glorify LEADER Your Holy Name. You are the fountain it in 2 hours, and Senators said they of life, the source of all goodness, and The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- don’t even need that much time to get the center of our joy. pore. The majority leader is recog- this done. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, Today, fill our lawmakers with Your nized. would the majority leader yield? blessings. Bless them with the courage f Mr. REID. I would be happy to yield. to follow You as they maintain con- SCHEDULE Mr. MCCONNELL. I would just say to fidence in the power of Your provi- my friend, we have a lot of fights Mr. REID. Mr. President, following dence. Bless their labors that they will around here over things we disagree on, leader remarks, there will be a period live to see a harvest of justice and but on this particular measure, this is of morning business for up to 2 hours, peace in our Nation and world. Bless an unnecessary impasse that we have. with Senators permitted to speak for their family members with health and We have come very close to a very up to 10 minutes each. The majority safety, for You are our refuge and modest number of amendments. My will control the first hour, the Repub- strength. Bless us all, that one day we side would be more than happy to ac- licans will control the second hour. may dwell in Your house forever. cept time agreements on all of the Following morning business, the Sen- We pray in Your great Name. Amen. amendments. I want to second what ate will proceed to the motion to pro- the majority leader says, that I hope f ceed to H.R. 3548. we can indeed work out an agreement I would direct a question to the PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE for a modest number of amendments Chair. What time does the 30 hours with time agreements and wrap up this The Honorable MARK UDALL led the postcloture run out? bill because I certainly share his view Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- that most Members support the under- I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the pore. The time expires at 12:26 a.m. lying measure and the additions to United States of America, and to the Repub- Thursday. which the majority leader has referred. lic for which it stands, one nation under God, Mr. REID. Mr. President, I hope we Mr. REID. Mr. President, first of all, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. can work something out with the Re- the other amendments are vexatious. publicans. We are going to have that f They are argumentative. They are not vote as soon as we can. I am sorry that germane. They are not relevant to this APPOINTMENT OF ACTING we might have to do it in the morning. legislation. But it seems that this year, PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE I think we should be able to avoid that. every time we get where we try to get The vote was held later than I wanted The PRESIDING OFFICER. The something done, we have had stalling. it because a Senator was quite ill. I We had a Senator out here yesterday clerk will please read a communication hope we can work something out. We to the Senate from the President pro who had done the work to find out how have bipartisan support, and that is many times we have been stopped from tempore (Mr. BYRD). just not words. doing things. Almost 60 times on abso- The assistant legislative clerk read We have significant numbers of Re- the following letter: lute filibusters we have had to invoke publicans and Democrats who want to cloture and 30-some-odd times on just U.S. SENATE, do two things—one, to do something objecting to legislation going forward. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, about the first-time home buyers tax Washington, DC, October 28, 2009. The other amendments the Repub- To the Senate: credit. There has been general agree- lican leader has suggested are amend- Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, ment by a significant number of Sen- ments that are not related to this leg- of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby ators, Democrats and Republicans, to islation, and there is wide disagree- appoint the Honorable MARK UDALL, a Sen- get this done. The legislation is before ment from Republicans and Democrats. ∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. S10793 . VerDate Nov 24 2008 23:39 Oct 28, 2009 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A28OC6.000 S28OCPT1 jbell on DSKDVH8Z91PROD with SENATE S10794 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 28, 2009 Why do we need to do that? We don’t cans don’t want government-run health have been taken for a ride in this de- need to. It is only an effort to slow care, Democratic leaders in Wash- bate, and it is also why a lot of our things down. We are not going to agree ington have made their decision: They friends on the other side are concerned to that. It is not necessary. are going to include it in their health about the bill that is headed to the Let’s get these things done. We will care bill whether Americans want it or Senate floor. Americans have issued move to something as quickly as we not. their verdict. They have been clear. get rid of this, and they can move the Supporters of the government-run They have said that enough is nongermane, nonrelevant amendments plan say they are only advocating one enough—no government plan, no more on those, but let’s get this done. I don’t more option among many. What they debt, no more government takeovers. know when we can do this legislation don’t say is that the option they are Democratic leaders may continue to for the first-time home buyers. It has advocating would soon be the only op- insist on a bill that most Americans been a tremendous boon to real estate tion. The others would simply fade oppose, but it is the wrong approach. A all over America today. Has it been a away. government-owned, government-oper- perfect program? Of course not. But It is not that hard to understand. ated insurance plan was a bad idea be- the good part of the amendments—two Private health plans would fade away fore, and it is a bad idea now. amendments we are talking about—is because a government-run plan would Mr. President, I yield the floor. they are fully paid for. It doesn’t run use the deep pockets of the Federal f up the national debt by 10 cents—by Government to set artificially low RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME nothing. Let’s get this done and then prices or absorb a loss, making it im- move on and start arguing about other possible for private plans to compete. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- things. There is nothing to argue about Private plans would either become so pore. Under the previous order, the here. We are not going to go to those expensive that only the very wealthy leadership time is reserved. amendments. could afford them or they would go out f of business altogether. I had a caucus yesterday in which the MORNING BUSINESS Presiding Officer and a number of other If you want to know what happens Senators throughout the Chamber were after that, just ask somebody who lives The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- there. We have done this time after in a country that has already gone pore. Under the previous order, there time, and quite frankly we are tired of down the road of government-run will now be a period of morning busi- it. It is not necessary. There is no rea- health care for all. What we have seen ness for 2 hours, with Senators per- son to have these amendments that are in those countries is what we would see mitted to speak therein for up to 10 just rifleshots at trying to embarrass here: rationing, denials, and delay. In minutes each, with the time equally di- people, and these two amendments the United Kingdom, for example, a vided and controlled between the two don’t embarrass anyone.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fish & Wildlife News
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Winter 2016 spotlight Fish & Wildlife News Get the News online weeks ahead of print. Visit <fws.gov/home/fwn> SPOTLIGHT Strategic Habitat Conservation 14 Unfinished Story 20 Sharing the Land 26 and more... what’s inside Departments Features From the Director / 1 SPOTLIGHT News / 2 Curator’s Corner / 42 STRATEGIC Our People / 43 HABITAT CONSERVATION 14 by PAUL SOUZA The Next Generation of Wildlife Conservation | and TOM MELIUS Catching On to Border Crossing / 24 Connect the Surrogates / 18 Working together across Connecticut / 30 Preserving Oregon’s state lines to protect the A landscape conservation Willamette Valley magnificent Great Lakes design for the Connecticut River watershed takes shape Protecting the Flint Conservation for Islands of Shelter Hills / 32 Sustainability / 34 by Design / 38 Surrogates of the Programs and partners Wildlife and people benefit Vast Tallgrass Prairie stand together to ensure from forward-looking the future of Alaska’s rich landscape conservation social-ecological system vision for California’s ON THE COVER: BULL ON THE NATIONAL BISON RANGE. PHOTO: DAVE FITZPATRICK, Central Valley VOLUNTEER 2 / Fish & Wildlife News Winter 2016 from the director Seeing the Big Picture One of the best parts about being the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is having the opportunity to travel throughout our great nation. To quote the late Johnny Cash, “I’ve been everywhere, man.” From the Artic to the Everglades, I’m continually In this issue of Fish and Wildlife News, we travel awed by the landscapes surrounding me, and to every region to provide a sense of how these wherever I go, I similarly find special people landscape-scale efforts are proceeding.
    [Show full text]
  • Norse Mythological Elements in <I>The Hobbit</I>
    Volume 9 Number 4 Article 17 12-15-1983 Norse Mythological Elements in The Hobbit Mitzi M. Brunsdale Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Brunsdale, Mitzi M. (1983) "Norse Mythological Elements in The Hobbit," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 9 : No. 4 , Article 17. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol9/iss4/17 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mythopoeic Society at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To join the Mythopoeic Society go to: http://www.mythsoc.org/join.htm Mythcon 51: A VIRTUAL “HALFLING” MYTHCON July 31 - August 1, 2021 (Saturday and Sunday) http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-51.htm Mythcon 52: The Mythic, the Fantastic, and the Alien Albuquerque, New Mexico; July 29 - August 1, 2022 http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-52.htm Abstract Considers the influence of Norse mythology on The Hobbit in particular, both in story elements and in “Northern courage.” Asserts that in The Hobbit, Tolkien “bases each of the major elements of the quest on an identifiably Northern mythological source.” Sees the moral choices presented in The Hobbit as characteristic of those faced by the “stern heroes of Northern myths” and important to children, whose notions of right and wrong are more basic than those of adults.
    [Show full text]
  • The Significant Other: a Literary History of Elves
    1616796596 The Significant Other: a Literary History of Elves By Jenni Bergman Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Cardiff School of English, Communication and Philosophy Cardiff University 2011 UMI Number: U516593 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U516593 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted on candidature for any degree. Signed .(candidate) Date. STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD. (candidate) Date. STATEMENT 2 This thesis is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by explicit references. Signed. (candidate) Date. 3/A W/ STATEMENT 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed (candidate) Date. STATEMENT 4 - BAR ON ACCESS APPROVED I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan after expiry of a bar on accessapproved bv the Graduate Development Committee.
    [Show full text]
  • The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Christopher R
    Gettysburg College Faculty Books 2-2016 The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Christopher R. Fee Gettysburg College David Leeming University of Connecticut Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, Folklore Commons, and the Religion Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Fee, Christopher R., and David Leeming. The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother. London, England: Reaktion Press, 2016. This is the publisher's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/95 This open access book is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Description The Goddess is all around us: Her face is reflected in the burgeoning new growth of every ensuing spring; her power is evident in the miracle of conception and childbirth and in the newborn’s cry as it searches for the nurturing breast; we glimpse her in the alluring beauty of youth, in the incredible power of sexual attraction, in the affection of family gatherings, and in the gentle caring of loved ones as they leave the mortal world. The Goddess is with us in the everyday miracles of life, growth, and death which always have surrounded us and always will, and this ubiquity speaks to the enduring presence and changing masks of the universal power people have always recognized in their lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Representations of Dwarfs and Their Disabling Affects on Dwarfs in Society
    Cultural Representations of dwarfs and their disabling affects on dwarfs in society Erin Pritchard Liverpool Hope University Hope Park, Liverpool L16 9JD Publication Date: 28 July 2017 Copyright © 2017 Considering Disability CIC The Considering Disability Journal is a student and graduate led-peer reviewed academic publication in the field of Disability Studies. Considering Disability CIC InTechnology Enterprise Incubation Centre Suite S1B, Leeds Innovation Centre 103 Claredon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF United Kingdom Volume 1: General Submissions ISSN (Print): 2057-5874 All rights reserved. No part of this journal and its associated articles, nor any imagery used may be reproduced in any form or by any means in existence or that may come into existence without the prior written consent of the Publisher Dr Erin Pritchard Historically, they [dwarfs] have borne the labels “freaks” and “oddities”; they have been collected as pets, displayed as spectacles, and treated as comic relief (Adelson, 2005a: Front cover, inside). Introduction Dwarfism is a visible disability with strong connections to various forms of entertainment, including folklore and lowbrow entertainment. Throughout history, as within the current media, dwarfs1 have often been a popular form of entertainment, not so much for any talents they might have, but due to their distinctive appearance, in particular their small stature (Adelson, 2005a). How disability is culturally represented can affect how it is understood and, subsequently, how those with the disability are treated within society. Media narratives that misrepresent disability produce dominant societal beliefs about disability (Haller, 2010). How these beliefs affect dwarfs in society has largely been ignored. Kennedy (2003) argues that dwarfism is a social disability, as dwarfs receive a lot of unwanted attention due to their appearance, including staring and verbal abuse.
    [Show full text]
  • RIDE of the VALKYRIES by WAGNER TEACHER PAGES
    SECONDARY 10 PIECES PLUS! RIDE OF THE VALKYRIES by WAGNER TEACHER PAGES RIDE OF THE VALKYRIES BY WAGNER http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p034s31d CONTEXT The Valkyrie is a Music Drama performed in an opera house. The Ride of the Valkyries is the descriptive orchestral prelude which sets the scene for Act III. The scene takes place on a mountain top : the music describes the arrival of a group of female warriors riding on horseback – these are the Valkyries who carry the bodies of fallen heroes to Valhalla, the home of the Gods. Wagner wanted to create dramatic works in which each of the arts contributed equally, as in Ancient Greek theatre. Wagner rekindled this tradition by choosing themes from mythological Nordic sagas for his music dramas – ancient Viking tales that underpin German culture. MUSICAL INGREDIENTS Pitch Major and minor contrasts Leitmotif (mainly triadic) Motivic development Fanfare Dramatic, expectant trills and tremolando effects Timbre Full romantic orchestration including Wagner Tubas Prominent brass Rhythm Compound time Dotted compound ‘galloping’ rhythms Texture Thick homophonic texture LEARNING ACTIVITIES SUMMARY Active Listening challenge: ‘Thought Bubbles’ and ‘Musical Jigsaw’ Performing challenge: Round of the Valkyries Composing challenge 1: Composing a funeral march Composing challenge 2: Alternative creative approach 1 KEY LEARNING Knowledge of musical dimensions: major and minor contrasts Skills development: composing - motivic development RELATED LISTENING EXAMPLES ‘Ride of the Valkyries’ staged
    [Show full text]
  • Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia Michael David Lawson East Tennessee State University
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2019 Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia Michael David Lawson East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, Cultural History Commons, Disability Studies Commons, European History Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, Folklore Commons, History of Religion Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, Medieval History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, Scandinavian Studies Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Lawson, Michael David, "Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3538. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3538 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia ————— A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University ————— In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
    [Show full text]
  • Ways of the Asatru
    Ways of the Ásatrú Beliefs of the Modern, Northern Heathens By Michael J. Smith © Michael J. Smith 2003 All Rights Reserved. Permission to reprint, reproduce, or utilize sections of this book is given, so long as it remains unaltered, in its entirety, that it is not sold for monetary gain, and acknowledgement of the author is given. Harvest-Moon Publishing ***Author’s Note: The Old Norse/Scandinavian letter “þ” is pronounced like in “thin” but with a more pronounced “t” sound and the letter “ð” is pronounced harder, like in “the”.*** 2 Ways of the Ásatrú Beliefs of the Northern, Modern Heathens By Michael J. Smith Published by: Harvest-Moon Publishing 3 Contents: Preface ……………………………………………………………..5 Introduction ………………………………………………………..6 Chapter 1: The Tenets of Ásatrú ………………………………….7 Chapter 2: The Nature of Divinity and Deity in Ásatrú …………..9 Chapter 3: The Deities of Ásatrú ………………………………..12 Chapter 4: Other Divine/Semi-Divine Beings …………………..26 Chapter 5: Ancestors and Ancestor-Worship …………………...30 Chapter 6: Blóts, Fórns, Feasts, and Sumbles …………………...31 Chapter 7: Daily Devotions and Rites of Passage ……………….41 Chapter 8: Living Trú …………………………………………...46 Afterword ………………………………………………………...49 Appendix A: Ritual Regalia ……………………………………..50 Appendix B: Holy Symbols ……………………………………...52 Appendix C: Sample Hátíð Rituals ………………………………54 Appendix D: The Beginner’s Booklist …………………………...67 Appendix E: Bibliography ………………………………………..69 About the Author ………………………………………………….73 4 Preface: ..."Heed my words, my children, and the gods of antiquity will be the gods of the future." --The Odin Brotherhood, by Dr. Mark L. Mirabello There are two issues which I would like to bring to the reader's attention concerning this book. The first would be that this book should not, by any means, be considered an absolute authority on Ásatrú.
    [Show full text]
  • Volo's Complete Subrace Handbook V1.0
    CONTENTS -S- Dwarf Shroudeye................................. 19 Azerblood.................................. 3 Snatchbeak............................... 19 Dream Dwarf............................ 3 Kobold Urdunnir.................................... 3 Dragonwrought......................... 20 Wild Dwarf................................ 4 Lickspittle.................................. 20 Elf Pitstalker.................................... 21 Avariel (Revised)...................... 5 Orc Celadrin.................................... 5 Gray Orc.................................... 22 Grugach (Revised)................... 5 Mountain Orc............................ 22 Lythari....................................... 5 Orog (Underdark Orc)............. 23 Variant Sea Elf......................... 6 Neo-Orog (Thayan Red Orc)... 23 Genasi Yuan-Ti Air.............................................. 7 Yuan-Ti Malison........................ 24 Earth......................................... 7 Yuan-Ti Pureblood (Revised)... 24 Fire............................................ 7 Storm........................................ 8 -R R- Water......................................... 8 Grung............................................. 25 Gnome Blue Skin................................... 25 Deep Gnome (Revised)........... 9 Gold Skin................................... 25 Forest Gnome (Revised)......... 9 Green Skin................................ 25 Imago (Chaos Gnome)............ 9 Orange Skin.............................. 25 River Gnome...........................
    [Show full text]
  • Wayland Smith : a Dissertation on a Tradition of the Middle Ages
    p. KENNEDY, ANGLESEA STREET, Tliree doors from College Green. XgamMé^f^ ^ .' WAYLAND SMITH. A DISSERTATION ON A TRADITION OF THE MIDDLE AGES. FROM THE FRENCH OF G. B. DEPPING AND FRANCISQUE MICHEL. WITH ADDITIONS BY S. W. SINGER. AND THE AMPLIFIED LEGEND 13 Y OEHLENSCHLAGER. LONDON: WILLIAM PICKERING. 1847. TO MRS. KINNEAR, WHOSE TRANSLATION FROM OEHLENSCHLAGER FURNISHES THE MOST ATTRACTIVE PORTION, THE FOLLOWING PAGES ARE GRATEFULLY DEDICATED BY HER AFFECTIONATE FRIEND S. W. SINGER. PREFACE. The use which Sir Walter Scott made of this legend in his romance of Kenilworth, has given it universal celebrity, but, inde- pendent of this claim to our attention, it may be considered as one of the most interesting of the old Sagas of the North. The rifacci- mento of it by Adam Oehlenschlager was first written by him in Danish about the year 1800, and he afterwards re- wrote it in Ger- man, from which language the following version has been made. The dissertation appended to it will show how gradually it has been built up, and how skilfully from its fragmentary state the Danish poet has constructed a poetical tale breathing the wild spirit of his native land. A dissertation on a popular tale may at first glance appear to be a trifling thing. Nevertheless, when this tale is of remote origin ; when it has amused the people of the South and of the North, and given occupa- tion to poets, to writers of romance, and to mythologers of various ages ; when it has passed from one language and from one country to another, it is no longer an object to be despised.
    [Show full text]
  • STUDIES in the SOURCES of JRR TOLKIEN's the LORD of TOE RINGS. the Universit
    This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 7 0 - 9 9 9 8 ST. CLAIR, Gloria Ann Strange Slaughter, 1939- STUDIES IN THE SOURCES OF J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S THE LORD OF TOE RINGS. The University of Oklahoma, Ph.D., 1970 Language and Literature, modem University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan This disssîtsîioo has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-9998 ST. CLAIR, Gloria AnnStrange Slaughter, 1939- STUDIES IN THE SOURCES OF J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S THE LORD OF THE RINGS. The University of Oklahoma, Ph.D., 1970 Language and Literature, modem University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE UNIVERSITY OP OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE STUDIES IN THE SOURCES OP J.R.R. TOLKIEN'S THE LORD OP THE RINGS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OP PHILOSOPHY BY GLORIA ANN STRANGE SLAUGHTER ST. CLAIR Norman, Oklahoma 1969 STUDIES IN THE SOURCES OF J.R.R. TOLKIEN'S THE LORD OF THE RINGS APPROVED BY / C - y h L ^ ^ J ^ Ljc£l. DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr. Rudolph C. Beunbas Instructed me In Old Norse, generously agreed to direct the dissertation, and subse­ quently advised me on matters both major and minor. He gave me the proper perspective on my problem, and he egged me on when I tarried. Dr. French and Dr. Eicon:.n made valuable suggestions about the definitions of the novel. And, the Interlibrary Loan Service responded graciously and efficiently to my long lists of unusual requests. My sister, Darla Strange, encouraged me from the beginning of my doctoral program.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Norse Elements in the Work of JRR Tolkien
    Old Norse elements in the work of J.R.R. Tolkien by Martin Wettstein When John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was 23 Years old, he had already learned Greek, Latin, Anglo Saxon, Old English, Finnish, Welsh and Gothic and had already invented two own languages, called Nevbosh and Qenya. Together with his interest in languages there came up an interest in myths and legends of the countries behind these languages and he read eagerly all the old legends he came across. During these studies he became aware of the fact that England itself had no own mythology. There was the Celtic, the Roman, the Norse and the Christian Mythology but none especially of England. The awareness of this fact and the lack of a mythology behind his own language, Qenya, made him write poems and short stories that told of events and persons as could have taken place in an English mythology. In the invention of these stories he was inspired by the Bible, the Edda [17][18], Celtic Tales, Fairy stories and the pieces of William Shakespeare, just to name the most important sources. In this Essay I would like to focus on the Norse elements that served as sources for the ideas of Tolkien. It is not the aim of this Essay to compare each idea Tolkien had with similar elements in the Norse Mythology. there are already more than enough articles on the ring as Norse element and the attempt to apply Odin to almost each of the Ainur or Tom Bombadil. It shall simply give an idea about how much this mythology served Tolkien as a source of inspiration.
    [Show full text]