1899. ~CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD-SENATE. 599 . correcting the mil*ftry record of .Hiram Duffield-to the Commit­ merce of pictures or descriptions of prize fights; which was re­ tee on Military Affairs. . · · ferred to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. NORTON of Ohio: Petition of G. V. Fry and 14 others, He also presented a petition of the Genesee Baptist Ministerial fourth-class postmasters, of Crawford County, Ohio; also peti­ Association, of Rochester, N. Y., and a petition of the Woman's tion of John Spohn and 8 others, fourth-class postmasters, of San­ Christian Temperance Union of Hempstead, N.Y., praying for dusky County, Ohio, urging the passage of House bills Nos. 4930 the maintenance of prohibition in Alaska, the Indian Territory, and 4931-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. and its extension to our new dependencies; which were referred Also, evidence in support of House bill No. 11264, for the relief of to the Committee on Territories. Charles Dawley-to the Committee on Military Affairs. He also presented petitions of the Genesee Baptist Ministerial Also, paper to accompany House bill No. 11263, for the relief of Association, of Rochester, of the Woman's Christian Temperance Peter Lauterbur-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Union of Hempstead, and of sundry citizens of Owego, all in the Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 11426, for the relief State of New York, praying for the enactment of legislation to of Sarah Bish-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. prohibit the sale of liquor in canteens of the Army and Navy and of ·. By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: Petition of A. A. Chapin, of Soldiers' Homes, and in immigrant stations and Government build­ Fort Wayne, Ind., suggesting amendments to the bankruptcy ings; which were referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. law-to the Committee on the Judiciary. He also presented a petition of the Merchants and Man11fac­ · By Mr. RUSSELL: Resolutions of the New Haven, Conn., tm·ers' Board of Trade of New York, and a petition of the Associa­ Chamber of Commerce, favoring legislation for a sound and stable tion of Master Plumbers of New York, praying for the enactment system of finance at the present session of Congress-to the Com- of legislation to increase American shipping; which was referred mittee on Banking and Currency. . to the Committee on Commerce. Also, papers to accompany House bill granting a pension to Mr. PERKINS presented a petition of the Manufacturers and Pheba A. Bean-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Producers' Association of California, praying that certain changes By Mr. SHOWALTER: Petition of the United Presbyterian be made in the navigation laws of the United States with the view Congregation, of Rochester, Pa., in favor of legislation to prohibit of increasing the American merchant marine; which was referred the sale of liquor in canteens of the Army and Navy and of to the Committee on Commerce. SOldiers' Homes, and in immigrant stations and Government He also presented a petition of the Anti-Debris Association of buildings-to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. California, praying that an approprjation be made for the improve­ ·By .Mr. YOUNG: Petition of Walter E. Duncan, to accompany ment of the Sacramento River and its h·ibutaries, and that it be House bill to remove from his record the charge of desertion-to placed under the continuing-contract system; which was referred the Committee on Military Affairs. to the Committee on Commerce. Mr. SEWELL presented a memorial of the Quarterly Meeting of Friends of Woodstown, N.J., remonstrating against any exten­ SENATE. sion of the sovereignty of the United States over the Philippine Islands or other foreign territory acquired by conquest; which was THURSDAY, J a·nua1·y 12, 1899. referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. He also presented a petition of the congregation of the Presby­ The Vice-President being absent, the President pro tempore terian Church of Kingston, N.J., praying for the enactment of took the chair. legislation to prohibit the sale of liquor ill canteens of the Army The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro­ and Navy and of Soldiers' Homes, and in immigrant stations and ceedings, when, on motion of Mr. ALLEN, and by unanimous con­ Government buildings; which was referred to the Committee on sent, the further reading was dispensed with. Military Affairs. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Journal will stand ap­ Mr. BERRY presented a petition of sundry citizens of Fort Smith, Ark., praying for the enactment of legislation to provide J proved, without objection. MES AGE FROM THE HOUSE. for the classification of post-office clerks; which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. H. L. Mr. PASCO presented a petition of the Woman's Christian Tem­ OVERSTREET, one of its clerks, announced that the House had dis­ perance Union of Ocala, Fla., praying for the enactment of legis- · agreed to the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 11033) lation to prohibit the sale of liquor in canteens of the Army and making appropriations to provide for the expenses of the govern­ Navy and of Soldiers' Homes, and in immigrant stations and Gov­ m ent of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June ernment buildings; which was referred to the Committee on Mil­ 30, 1900, and for other purposes, asks a conference with the Senate itary Affairs. on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon, and had appointed Mr. GROUT, Mr. BINGHAM, and Mr. DocKERY managers REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. at the conference on the part of the House. · Mr. RdACH, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, to whom ENROLLED BILL SIGNED. was referred the amendment su bmitted by Mr. DAVIS on the 9th The message also announced that the Speaker of the House had instant r elative to the construction of section 27 of cha,pter 543, signed the enrolled joint resolution (S. R. 151) providing for the volume 26, of the United States Statutes at Large, in regat·d to removal of the remains of the late Maj. Gen. John A. Rawlins con tracts for services for prosecutions of claims against the United from the Congressional Cemetery to the national .cemetery at States or the Indians named in that section, intended to be pro­ Arlington, Va., together with the base and granite shaft now posed to the Indian appropriation bill, reported favorably thereon, marking the spot; and it was thereupon signed by the President and moved that it be referred to the Committee on Appropriations pro tempore. and printed; which was agreed to. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. Mr. ALLEN, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, to whom Mr. HOAR presented the memorials of James Powell, jr., and was referred the bill (S. 5076) authorizing the Sioux City and 20 other citizens, of John H. Jordan and 22 other citizens, and of Omaha Railway Company to construct and operate a railway William J. Kelley and 16 other citizens, all in the State of Massa- through the Omaha and Winnebago r eservations, in Thurston chusetts; of John Spitz and9~ther citizens, and of Francis F. County,Nebr.,andforotherpurposes,repor ted itwithout amend­ Browne and 10 other citizens, all in tho State of Illinois; of J . H. 1 ment. Rafferty and 18 other citizens, and of George Heidenreich and 14 · He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the other citizens, all in the State of New York, and of H. A. Garr, of bill (S. 4822) for the relief of the Citizens' Bank, of Stuart, Holt Montana, remonstrating against any extension of the sovereignty County, Nebr. , reported it with an amendment. of the United State~ over th~ Phili~pine Islands in any event, and He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the over any other foreign ter-ntory without the free consent of the amendment submitted by himself on the 9th instant relative to people thereof; which were t·eferred to the Committee on Foreign the improvement of certain bridges in Nebraska, intended to be R elations. . proposed to the Indian appropriation bill, reported favorably He also presented petitions of sundry citizens of M2.ssachusetts, thereon, and moved that it be referred to the Committee on Ap­ praying for the enactment of legislation to prohibit the sale of propriations and printed; which was agreed to. liquUnited States Army, and to place him on the retired list with the Mr. HOAR. Will the Senator from Connecticut allow-me to \ rank and pay of that grade, heretofore reported by him from that answer the question of the Senator from Alabama? ') committee. · Mr. HAWLEY. Certainly. He also, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, to whom was Mr. HOAR. The rule does not apply to such a case. The referred the amendment submitted by himself on the 6th instant former rule admitted to the floor persons who had been thanked relative to the ratification of an agreement with the Indians of by name. So it would only admit Miss Barton, if the old rule the Fort Hall Indian Reservation, in Idaho, intended to be pro­ were in existence, though I am quite sure, knowing her modest posed to the Indian appropriation bill, reported favorably thereon, and shrinking nature, she would never avail herself of the privi­ and moved that it be referred to the Committee on Appropria­ lege. But the rule now does not exist. There is no rule now in tions and printed: which was agreed to. existence so far as I can find-and I believe the Committee on Rules Mr. McMILLAN, from the Committee on Commerce, to whom made a search also-which admits persons to the floor of the Senate was referred the bill (S. 5094) to provide for the constrUction of merely because they were thanked by name. So that considera­ three revenue cutters for service on the Great Lakes, reported it tion does not apply. with amendments, and submitted a report thereon. Mr. GRAY. I do not think we would all run out if she were CITY AND SUBURBAN RAILWAY COMPANY, admitted. Mr. HOAR. No; we would be very glad to see her. Mr. McMILLAN. 1 am directed by the Committee on the Dis­ Mr. HAWLEY. I was about to say that I would be very glad trict of Columbia, to whom was referred the joint resolution to see that lady any day. (S. R.189) to promote the relocation of certain tracks of the City Mr. HOAR. I was merely speaking according to the inquiry. and Suburban Ratlway Company, of the District of Columbia, to The joint resolution was reported to the Senate as amended, and report it favorably without amendment, and I ask for its imme­ the amendments were concurreu in. diate consideration. The joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed for a third Mr. COCKRELL. Let it be read for information. reading; and it was read the third time. The Secretary read the joint resolution, as follows: Mr. GALLINGER. Mr. President, before the joint resolution That the City and Suburban Railway Company, of Washing­ Resolved, etc., passes, I desire to submit an inquiry to the distinguished ~enator ton, be, and it is hereby, autporized and directed to aba~do~ its single track­ passing around the south s1de of Stanton Square, and m heu thereof con­ from Connecticut in connection with the work of the Red Cross. struct an additional single track on the north side of Stanton Square from Possibly he may have information; perhaps he bas not. the intersection of Fourth and C streets NE. to Sixth and C streets NE. It has come to me recently from several sources that the work Mr. McMILLAN. The joint resolution is recommended by the of the Red Cross in Cuba is at a standstill at the present time and Commissioners of the District because of the public school build­ that there appears to be some impediment in the way of this ing, which is on the south side of the square and it is thought safer beneficent organization continuing its work there. I have in my to have both tracks of this rapid transit company on the north hand what purport.s to be an interview with the distinguished side. The Commissioners desire to have the joint resolution passed Senator from Virginia [Mr. DANIEL], dated Havana, January 6, so as to enable them to authorize the company to make the change. in which he pictures continued desolation in that island, and the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the pres­ most extreme suffering and sorrow, and the great need that exists ent consideration of the joint resolution? for continued ministrations on behalf of this Government. · There being no objection, the joint resolution was considered as Mr. President, I have taken occasion in this Chamber to give my in Committee of the Whole. testimony in behalf of the magnificent work that this lady, Clara. The joint resolution was reported to the Senate without amend­ Barton, has done in the cause of humanity, but I am anxious, in ment, ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third view of what has come to me, to learn, if it can properly be com­ time, and pas~ed. municated, and if any Senator has any information on that 'POint THE MERCHANT MARINE, why it is, if the statement is correct, that the ministrations of Mr. GALLINGER. I submit a paper which has been before this association or society., or whatever it may be called, are not the Committee on Commerce in respect to the bill (S. 5024) to being continued in the island of Cuba at the present time? . promote the commerce and increase the foreign trade of the United Mr. HAWLEY. Does the Senator 1·efer to the lack of food and States: and to provide auxiliary cruise1·s, transports, and seamen medical supplies or the care of nurses? 1899. CONGRESSIONAL -R~CORD-SENATE. 601

Mr. GALLINGER. I understand, from what has come to me April, 1897, and that the bill be brought before the Senate and in~ (and it has come to me· from· one clergyman and several other definitely postponed. I have just inti·oduced a substitute for it. citizens of the District of Columbia), that not only is there a lack The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator fl'Om Missouri of food and medicine, but that the work of the Red Cross has asks that the Committee on Claims be discharged from the further practically ceased, and that there seems to be some obstruction consideration of the bill referred to by him, and that it be indefi­ somewhere to the co~tinuance of that work. It may be that lam nitely postponed. Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and misinformed. I ti·ust I am. it is so ordered. Mr. HAWLEY. I can say that as to the medi,cal and nursing BILLS INTRODUCED. branch of the Senator·s remarks. I do not know whether these Mr. COCKRELL introduced a bill (S. 5188) for the relief of ladies are obstructed in their work; I can not think it pos.c:dble J. H. Sanders; which was read twice by its title, and referred to that tbey are; but in the matter of food for the starving, at the the Committee on Claims. suggestion of Senor Aguirre, a representative Cuban, I made Mr. McMILLAN introduced a bill (S. 5189) to redeem certain inquiry at the War Department as to whether any additionallej!­ outstanding certificates issued by the board of audit and the board islation was necessaTy to prevent starvation in Cuba, and I was of public works of the District of Columbia; which was read twice informed that the Department so construe the existing statutes by its title, and, with the accompanying paper, referred to the Com­ that they can continue to feed the people in absolutely necessary mittee on the District of Columbia. cases. I can not imagine that there ha~ been the slightest objec­ Mr. WELLINGTON introduced a bill (S. 5190) for the relief of tion to the very noble work of the ladies referred to. _I had not B. F. Parlett, collt:Jctor of internal revenue of the district of Mary­ heard of it. land; which was read twice by its title, and, with an accompanying Mr. GALLINGER. Mr. President," my purpose is served in paper, referred to the Committee on Claims. calling attention to this matter. I am myself persuaded that Mr. PROCTOR introduced a bill (S. 5191) to authorize the con­ there is some trouble somewhere, and very likely the mere men­ struction of certain bridges over the waters of Lake Champlain; tion of it here will have a tendency to correct it if it exists. which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee Mr. HAWLEY. I shall certainly inquire about it. on Commerce. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Shall the joint resolution pass? Mr. PRITCHARD introduced a bill (S. 5192) for the relief of I Mr. CHANDLER. desire to have the joint resolution read as Andrew H. Plemm~ns; whic~ ~as read twice by its title, and re­ amended. · ferred to the Committee on M1htary Affairs. The Secretary read the resolution as amended, as follows: He also introduced a bill (S. 5193) granting an increase of pen­ .Resolved by the Senate and Home of Representative.~ of the United States o sion to Rachael Frisbey; which was read twice by it.s title, and America in Congress assen~bled, That the thanks of Congress be_ presented to Clara Barton, of Massachusetts, the president of the American National Red referred to the Committee on Pensions. Cross, and to the officers and agents of that society of the Red Cross, for .Mr. SEWELL introduced a bill (S. 5194) to increase the pen­ their humane and beneficent service to humanity in relieving the distress of sion of Adele W. Elmer; which was read twice by its title, and the Armenians and other suffering persons in Turkey, and in ministering to the suffering caused by peRtilence in the United States, and for the like min­ referred to the Committee on Pensions. istration and relief given by them to both sides in the Spanish West Indies Mr. HANNA introduced the following bills; which were sever~ during the present war. ally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on Mr. PROCTOR. Mr. President, as attention has been called to Pensions: the Red Cross in Cuba, I think it perhaps well to say something · A bill (S. 5195) granting a pension to Andrew B. Stevenson; more about it. It was brought to my.attention some time since A bill (S. 5196) granting a pension to Abby Jane Ward; that a storehouse of the Red Cross in northern Santiago province A bill (S. 5197) granting an increase of pension to Emanuel F. was broken open by officers of the Army, by Surgeon Woodson, of Grames; and . · Colonel Wood's regiment of immunes, that the lock was broken, A bill (S. 5198) granting an increase of pem;ion to Rida B. and that the custodian was put under an army guard, and the Haskell. · goods were removed and taken by the military forces. An agent Mr. SULLIVAN introduced the following bills; which were of the Red Cross said to me-in fact, Miss Barton herself said to severally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee me-that nothing of the kind had ever been done before in any on Claims: country in the world; that the Spaniards in Cuba had respected A bill (S. 5199) for the relief of A. W. McCauley; · the Red Cross in every case and protected their property. A bill (S. 5200) for the relief of the estate of Richard Harding, Mr. HAWLEY. Everywhere. deceased; .Mr. PROCTOR. Everywhere; that there had been no sort of A bill (S. 5201) for the relief of the estate of C. D. Hamilton, complaint of the Spaniards in this respect, and that this was the deceased; and · first instance on record where there had been any violation of their A bill (S. 5202) for the relief of D. M. Snowden. rights. Mr. PERKINS introduced a bill (S. 5203) to provide for the I spoke yesterday with Governor Wood about it. This occur­ construction of a revenue cutter for service on the Pacific coast; rence took place in h1s province. He had no personal knowledge which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee concerning it. I think it was one of those things, perhaps, where on Commerce. there was not very great blame on either side. The troops needed Mr. PETTIGREW introduced the following bills; which were the supplies, and I do not think there was any evil intention; but severally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee it has 1·esulted in stopping the work of the Red Cross when their on Indian Affairs: work is needed very much. It is needed now in Cuba. Miss A bill (S. 5204:} for the relief of Catherine Howard; and Barton says that they have abundant supplies and would be glad A bill (S. 5205) for the relief of the Dakota Cattle Company. to use them there, but they can not work there without the sup­ Mr. PETTIGREW introduced a bill (S. 5206) to declare the port of the military authorities, or at least without their consent. proper construction of the act of March 3, 1891, entitled ''An act The army authorities profess to be, and I believe they are, per­ to provide for the adjudication and payment of claims arising fectly willing to have hospitals established there for the natives, from Indian depredations;" which was read twice by its title, and the reconcentrados, many of whom are sick and very much in referred to the Committee on Indian Depredations. need of this aid. I am not blaming anybody, because I do not 1\lr. HAWLEY introduced a bill (S. 5207) to increase the army believe anyone is very much to blame, bu t it is a misunderstand­ ration; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accom~ ing that ought to be corrected, and I hope that just calling atten­ panying paper, referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. tion to it will lead to its correction. Mr. TURLEY. I introduce a bill in behalf of a citizen of Ger­ . Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. President, I sincerely hope and believe many, at present residing in Tennessee, who received injuries, that this bare statement here will result in the correction of any without his fault or neglect, while discharging his duty as an em­ mistakes that have been made there. I ha,-e no doubt it will. If ployee of the United States on Government work in Arkansas. I the surgeon referred to has not a very good excuse for what he find it is admissible to introduce a bill of this sort and have it re- did, I hope he will be cashiered. ferred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. · The joint resolution was passed. The bill {S. 5208) for the relief of Chl'istian Arndt, of Shelby The title was amended so as to read: "A joint resolution tender­ County, Tenn., a citizen of Germany, was read twice by its title, ing thanks of Congress to Clara Barton, president of the American and referred to the CommittQe on Foreign Relations. National Red Cross, and to the officers and agents of that society Mr. HALE introduced the following joint resolutions; which for humane and beneficent services. " were severally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Com­ mittee on Naval Affairs: HIRAM K. HAZL.ETT. A joint resolution (S. R. 217) authorizing a change in the term Mr. COCKRELL introduced a bill (S. 518'7) for the relief of of enlistment of certain men who enlisted for one year in the Hiram K. Hazlett; which was read twice by its title, and referred United·States Navy; to the Committee on Claims. · A joint resolution (S. R. 218) authorizing the Secretary of the Mr. COCKRELL. I ask that the Committee on Claims be dis­ Navy to receive for instruction at the Naval Academy, at Annap­ charged from the further consideration of the bill (S. 1752) for the olis, Ricardo Yglesias, of Costa Rica; and relief of Hiram K. Hazlett, introduced by me on the 21st day of A joint resolution (S. R. 219) authorizing the Secretary of the 602 CONG-RESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE~ J .ANU.ARY 12,

Navy to receive for instruction at the Naval Academy, at Annap- ized to appoint the conferees on the part of the Senate; and Mr. olis, Alberto Valenzuela Montoya, of Colombia. ALLISON, Mr. CULLOM, and Mr. CoCKRE~L were appointed. AMENDMENTS TO APPROPRIATION BILLS. POLICY REGARDING THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Mr. GALLINGER submitted an amendment proposing to ap­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair lays before the Sen­ propriate $5,000 to enable the Secretary of Agriculture to investi­ ate the resolution offered yesterday by the Senator from Nebraska gate and report upon the physiological action and nutritive value [Mr. ALLEN], which went over under the rule. of alcohol and alcohol beverages, intended to be proposed by him The SECRETARY. Resolution by Mr. ALLEN declaring that any to the agricultural appropriation bill; which was referred to the aggressive action by the Army or Navy on the part of the United Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, and ordered to be printed. States against the Filipinos would be an act of war unwarranted Mr. LODGE submitted an amendment proposing to appropriate on the part of the President and the exercise of constitutional $5,600 for the subscription of the tJnited States to the International power vested exclusively in Congress. Prison Commission and the expenses and compensation of the com­ Mr. ALLEN. I understand that the Senator from Massachu­ missioner, intended to be proposed by him to the diplomatic and setts [Mr. HoAR] desires to address himself to this resolution at consular appropriation bill; which was referred to the Committee some time, and I ask that it be passed over, retaining its place. on Education and Labor, and ordered to be printed. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the resolu­ MARY ABERCROMBIE SHUFELDT. tion will go over. · J. R. EGGLESTON. Mr. GALLINGER. I move that the bill (S. 1995) granting a pension to Mary Abercrombie Shufeldt be recommitted to the Mr. CLAY. I ask the Senate to proceed to the consideration of Committee on Pensions. It stands on the Calendar adversely the bill (H. R. 6013) for the relief of J. R. Eggleston, of Hinds reported. County, Miss. . · ~ The motion was agreed to. Mr. GALLINGER. I do not know that I could pos;;ibly object Mr. GALLINGER. In connection with that matter, I desire to to any request the Senator from Georgia would make, but I will submit the following order: call his attention to the fact that by unanimous consent on yester­ day an order was made that half an hour this morning should be 01·dered, That the papers in the pension claim of Mary Abercrombie Shu­ feldt be taken from the files and delivered to the claima11.t. devoted to the consideration of pension bills a:fter the routine busi­ ness. I will not object to this bill if it does not come out of the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The order will be agreed to, time that was given to the Committee on Pensions. under the rule, without objection. Mr. CLAY. It will not consume more than a minute. It is a Mr. COCKRELL. I see that this case was reported adversely. ven short measure. As I understand the rule, the papers can not be withdrawn when The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the pres­ the bill has been adversely reported except by leaving copies. ent consideration of the bill indicated by the Senator from Georgia? Mr. GALLINGER. I have just had the bill recommitted to '!'here being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the the committee, so that it does not stand now as having been re­ Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. . . , ported a.dversely. The pream blerecites that J. R. Eggleston, of Hinds County, Miss., Mr. COCKRELL. Oh! was one of the lieutenants on board of the U.S. S. Wyandotte, in the _Mr. GALLING~R. I took that precaution in view of the rule. year 1860, when that steamer captured the bark William, a slaver, Mr. COCKRELL. Very well. loaded with 700 slaves, captured ori. the coast of Cuba; that the bark CLAIMS OF CITIZENS AGAINST SPAIN. William was condemned as lawful prize in the admiralty court of Mr. HOAR. I move that the Committee on Foreign Relations Key West, Fla., and it was adjudged by the admiralty court that be discharged from further action under Senate resolution No. 450. Lieutenant Eggleston was entitled to $320 as prize money; that that The committee has made a report which answers the inquiry amount of money is now in the Treasury of the United States to I desired to have answered by the resolution, and I understand the credit of Lieutenant Eggleston; and the First Auditor of the from the committee that to comply literally with the resolution Treasury declines to pay over to him the money adjudged by the would require a great deal of labor, which is unnecessary. There­ admiralty court to be his lawful prize money on account of the fore the committee having made a partial report, I move that it ca.pture and adjudgment in admiralty; and that this matter was, by be discharged from further a-ction under the resolution. I under­ the First Auditor of the Treasury, submitted to the then Attorney­ stand that is the desire of the chairman. General of the United States, who on the 17th day of June, 1886;­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Massachu­ gave his opinion that the money could not be paid to Lieutenant setts moves that the Committee on Foreign Relations be relieved Eggleston except it be authorized by an act of Congress. from the furthe1· consideration of resolution No. 450. The bill proposes to pay to J. R. Eggleston, lieutenant as afore­ Mr. HOAR. lt was a resolution of instruction to report certain said, $320, being by the court in admiralty adjudged to be the information. The committee has reported all the information that amount due to Eggleston, lieutenant as aforesaid, as lawful prize. I desired. Therefore I wish to have the committee discharged from :Mr. COCKRELL. I will ask the Senator from Georgia to ex­ further action under the resolution. plain why the Auditor declined to make payment. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It is so ordered, in the absence Mr. CLAY. I will state to the Senator from Missouri that the of objection. objection made to the payment of the claim was on account of the service of the claimant in the Confederate navy. The Secretary REPORT ON MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODS. of the Treasury certified that the amount was there and ought to Mr. BERRY. A few days ago an order was made to print a 1 be paid; and a similar bill has passed the House, and has passed thousand copies of the report of the special committee of the Com­ the Senate twice. It comes from the Committee on Claims with mittee on Commerce to examine the Mississippi River. The re­ a unanimous report. The money is in the Treasury to the credit port was ordered printed, combined with the testimony. It makes of the claimant; it belongs to him; and it ought to be paid. such a large volume that it ia very inconvenient to supply the de· The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered mand, and I ask unanimous consent that 1,000 copies of the report to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. without the testimony be printed in addition to what has been The preamble was agreed to. already ordered. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the re­ CONSIDERATION OF PENSION BILLS. quest of the Senator from Arkansas? The Chair hears none, and Mr. GALLINGER. Now, Mr. President, let the order be pro­ 1,000 copies of the report without the evidence will be printed. ceeded with. Mr. GALLINGER. I will inquire of the Senator (my attention The PRESIDENT pro tempore. By order of the Senate yester­ was otherwise occupied) if this is the report of the committee that day one-half hour is to be devoted to the consideration of pension investigated the Mississippi River? bills at the close of the morning business to-day. Mr. BERRY. It is. Mr. GALLINGER. Let Senate bi112497 be the first one to be Mr. GALLINGER. I think that ought to be done. read. ELIZABETH J. COOK. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATION BILL. The bill (S. 2497) granting a pension to Elizabeth J. Cook was The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the action considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place of the House of Representatives disagr eeing to the amendments on the pension roll the name of Elizabeth J. Cook, widow of of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 11083) making appropriations to Roger E. Cook, late colonel of the Thirteenth Regiment of Mary­ provide for the expenses of the government of the District of Co­ land Volunteer Infantry, and to pay her a pension of $30 per lumbia for the fiscal· year ending June 30, 1900, and for other month. purposes, and requesting a conference with the Senate on the dis­ The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered agreeing votes of the two Houses thereon. to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. Mr. ALLISON. I move that the Senate insist on its amend­ ments and agree to the conference asked by the House. MARY J . BROWN. The motion was agreed to. The bill (H. R. 4973) for the relief of Mary J. Brown was con­ Dy unanimous consent, the President pro tempore was author- sidered as in Committee of the Whole. 1899. ~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. ·603 '•

. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with amendment, in line 11, before the word ''dollars," to strike out amendments, in line 6, before the word "widow," to stl'ike out "thirt " and insert "twenty-four;" so as to make the biU read: -"alleged;" and in line 9, after the word "Militia," to strike out : Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he i'l hereby, " "when her marriage the soldier and present widowhood is estab­ authorized and directed to plaee upon .the pension roll the name of Lizzio to Waltz, who was wounded on the first day of the battle of GettysbUTg during lished" and insert "and pay her a pension at the rate of $12 per a skirmish at Hanover, Pa., while giving food and administering to the wants · month;" so as to'make the bill read: · of the Uniqn soldiers. a.nd who is now without means 9f support and physic­ ally incapacitated for any manual labor as a result of such wound, and pay Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, her a pension at the rate of $24c per month in lieu of the "pension which she authorized and dil·ected to place upon the pension roll, subject to the P!Ovi­ now receives as widow of Levi Waltz, a private in Company D, Fh'St Battal­ sions and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Mary J. Brown, vndow ion, Nineteenth Regiment United States Infantry, under certificate No. of Andrew T. Brown, late a member of unassigned West Virginia Infantr-y, 351338. . and of Company D, One hundred and thirty-third, afterwards Ninth, Virginia Militia, and pay her a pension at the rat~ of $12 per month. The amendment was·agreed to. . . The amendments were agreed to. · The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- Mr. GALLINGER. In line 4, after the wo1·d "place," I move ment was concurred in. · to strike out '' upon " and insert '' on." The amendment was ordered to be engrossed and the bill. to be The amendment was agreed to. read a third time. · Mr. VEST. What is the meaning of that statement in the bill, The bill was read the third time, and passed. · the " alleged widow?" Let the report in that case be read. WILLIAM H. KING. Mr. GALLINGER. I think! can satisfy the Senator by mak­ Mr. LODGE. With the leave of the Senator from New Hamp­ ing a simple statement. When this bill came before the commit­ shire. I ask unanimous consent for the consideration of House bill tee it was promptly reported adversely, on the ground that we 314. ·It is a bill simply to correct a sailor's record. I should like were not pensioning alleged widows, but subsequent testimony very much to have that bill considered at this time. . bas been submitted to the committee which is conclusive that l\1r. GALLINGER. I will yjeld to the Senator from Massa­ the bill should never have been written in that form, and that chusetts, with the understanding that the bill provokes no discus­ this woman is actually and in fact the widow of this dead soldier. sion. For that reason, having that additional evidence submitted, the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. . Is there ·objection to the con­ committee reported the bill favorably, as it is one which, in the sideration of the bill referred to by the Senator from Massachu­ judgment of the committee, ought to pass, in view of the fact that setts? she is the widow of the soldier. . There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the The bill was reported to the Senate as amended and the amend­ Whole, proceeded to consider the bill (H. R. 314) for the relief of ments were concurred in. William H. King. It directs the Secretary of the Navy to cor­ The amendments we~e ordered_to be engrossed and the bill to rect the naval record of William H. King, who served during the be read a third time. late war for the suppression of the rebellion on board the U.S. The bill was read the third time, and passed. ships Ohio, Hunchback, and Vermont, by removing the charge of The tit.le was amended so as to read: "A bill granting a pension desertion therefrom and granting him an honorable discharge, but to Mary J. Brown." that no pay or allowances shall become due or payable by reason ELLEN WRIGHT. of the passage of the act. The bill (H. R. 312) granting a pension to Ellen Wright was The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered considered as in Committee of the Whole. to a third reading, read the third time, and pa-ssed. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with HENRY O. BRIGGS. an amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and The bill (H. R . 2867) granting an increase of pension to Henry. insert: 0. Briggs was considered as in Committee of the Whole. That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and di­ The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an rected to place on the pension roll the name of Ellen Wright, late an army amendment, in line 8, before the word "dollars",'' to strike out nurse, and pay her a. pension at the rate of $12 per month. "thirty" and insert "twenty-four;" so as to make the bill read: _ The amendment was agreed to. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is her~ by,' The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- authorized and directed t-0 place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions ment was concurred in. . and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Henry 0. Briggs, late pri­ The amendment was ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be vate of Company L, Fourteenth New York Heavy Artiller-y, ana pay him a read a third time. pension at the rate of $24 per month in lieu of that which he 1S now receiving. The bill was read the third time, and passed. The amendment was agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ JOHN T. HAYES. ment was concm·red in. The bill (S. 4955) granting an increase of pension to John T. The amendment wa.s ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be Hayes was considered as in Committee of the Whole. read a third time. · The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an The bill was read the third time, and passed. amendment, in line 8, before the word "dollars," to strike out AMANDA F. JUMPER. "fifty " and insert " thirty;" so as to make the bill read: The bill (S. 4982) granting an increase of pension to Amanda Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is h ereby, F. Jumper was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It pro­ authorized and directed to placP on the pension roll, subject to the provi­ sions and limitations of the pension laws, the name of John T. Hayes, late of poses to place on the pension roll the name of Amanda F. Jumper, Company F, Tenth New York Regiment Volunteer Heavy Artillery, at the widow of the late Alden H . Jumper, major, Twenty-sixth Regi­ rate of $30 per month in lieu of the pension he is now receiving. ment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and to pay her a pension of $25 Mr. SPOONER. I should like to ask the chairman of the com­ per month in lieu of the pension she is now receiving. mittee if there is any reason why that pension should not be made Mr. COCKRELL. I should like to ask the Senator what is the at least $36 instead of $30? It is a very hard case. I have seen rate of pension allowed to the widows of majors? this man. He suffers extremely, I do not think any man would Mr. GALLINGER. Twenty-five dollars per month, the rate endure what he does for all the Government could give him if it named in this bill. were optional with him. '!'he bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered 1\Ir. GALLINGER. I will say, in response to the Senator from to be engrossed for -a third reading, read the tmrd time, and passed. Wisconsin, that if he has personal knowledge as to this case, I cer­ HERMAN DELLIT. tainly shall not obstruct the amendment, if he moves it, making The bill (H. R. 2157) granting a pension to Herman Dellit was the pension S36. The original bill called for $50, and the committee considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place on acted upon such information as it bad and thought perhaps 530 the pension roll at $8 per month the name of Herman Dellit, late was the proper amount. of Company G, Eighth United States Infantry. Mr. SPOONER. I move to amend the amendment of the com- The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered mittee by striking out "thirty" and inserting " thirty-six." to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. The amendment as amended was agreed to. SAMUEL S. PATTERSO•• The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The bill (H. R. 5798) granting an increase of pension to Samuel ment was concurred in. S. Patterson was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read proposes to place on the pension roll the name of Samuel S. Pat­ the third time, and passed. terson, late a member of Battery C, First West Virginia Light Artillery, and also a member of Company D, Eleventh Regiment LIZZIE WALTZ. United States Infantry, war with Mexico, and to pay him a pen­ The bill (H. R. 8037) granting an increase of pension to Lizzie sion of $20 per month in lieu of the pension he is now receiving. Waltz was considered as in Committee of the Whole. The bill was reported to ·the Senate without amendment, or­ The bill was reJ;~o:rted £1·om the Com;mittee on Pensions with an dered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. 604 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 12,

ISOM GIBSON. Mr. GALLINGER. Afte1; the word "authorized," in line 4, I The bill (S. 4854) granting a pension to Isom Gibson was con-· move to insert the words "and directed;" so as to read: sidered as in Committee of the Whole. That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and di-' The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with rected to place the name of Louis Hirsch, etc. · an amendment, in line 8, before the word "dollara," to strike out The amendment was agreed to. · · "twelve" and insert" eight;" so as to make the bill read: The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, ment was concurred in. authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions The amendment was ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be· and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Isom Gibson, of Company B, read a third time. commanded by Captain Bateman, Arkansas Volunteers, Sabine disturbances, and pay him a pension at the rate of $8 per month. . The bill was read the third time, and passed. Mr. GALLINGER. Let that proposed amendment of the com­ EMER H. ALDRICH. mittee be disagreed to. I think the bill ought to remain as it was The bill (H. R. 9801) granting an increase of pension to Emer a:. originally introduced. Aldrich was considered as in Committee of the Whole. 1t proposes The amendment was rejected. to place on the pension roll the name of Emer A. Aldrich, late The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered private Company B. One hundred and fourteenth Regiment New to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. York Volunteer Infantry, and to pay him a pension of $30 per month in lieu of the pension he is now receiving. .SARAH A. HALTER. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered • The bill (H. R. 2026) granting a pension to Sarah A. Halter was to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. · considered as in Committee of the Whole. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair calls the attention The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an of the Senator from New Hampshire to tbe title of the bill, which· amendment, in line 7, after the word" month," to strike out'' for reads " Emer H. Aldrich," and the body of tpe bill reads "EmerA." services rendered. by the said R. E. Halter in the Navy of the Aldrich." United States during the rebellion;" so as to make the bill read: ..M.r. GALLINGER. As the bill bas passed, let it be reconsid· .Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, ered and remain on the Calendar. authm·ized and directed to place on the pension roll, sub;ect to the provi.,ions The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the action and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Sarah A. Halter. widow of the lateR. E. Halter, and pay her a pension at the rate of $1.2 per month. taken by the- Senate by which the bill was ordered to a third read­ ing, read the third time, and passed will be reconsidered, and the }.{r. COCKRELL. Let the report be read in that case. bill will remain on the Calendar. The Chair hears no objection, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The report will be read. · and it is so ordered. The Secretary read the report submitted by Mr. GALLINGER JAMES W. JACKSON, January 10, 1899, as follows: The Committee on Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (H. R.202fl) The bill (H. R. 2981) granting an increase of pension to James granting a pension to Sarah A. Halter, have examined the same and report: W . Jackson was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It This bill, as amended, proposes to pension at 12 per month Sarah A. Hal­ to ter, widow of R. E. Halter, late of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, who was proposes place the name of James W. Jackson, late of Com­ detailed for dutv in connection with the Navy, and served under Admirals pany G, First United St~tes Cavalry, on the pension roll and to Farragut, Porter, and Lee in 1861,1.862,1863, 1864, and 1865. It appears that pay him a pension of $.20 per month in lieu of the pension he now during the performance of his duties, which were of a very hazardous nature, receives. · he participated in some of the battles and suffered severe hardships, His death occurred on December 10, 1896. The bill was reported to the-Senate without alllendment, ordered The evidence on file shows that he contracted pleurisy .in the line of duty to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. on the Mississippi River, and that he afterwards continued to suffer from said disability. It is also shown that he suffered from bronchitis while in the JORDAN THOMAS. l service. His stepmother testifies that he had a cough from 1866 to 1869, and his wife testifies that he suffered from said cough continually from 1869 to The bill (H. R. 8862) granting an increase of pension to Jordan the date of his death. Thomas was considered as in Committee of the Whole. The exact cause of his death is not clearly established, but there would The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with seem to be no doubt that his death was due to a disease contracted in the amendments, in line 4, after the word "place," to insert ''on the service. Claimant would be pensionable under the general law if she could furnish pension roll; " in line 6, after the word " Mexico," to strike out testimony showing origin in the service of her husband's fatal disease, but, "npon the pension roll of the United States, with an increase pen­ owing to the deaths of the commanding officers under whose direction he sion/' and insert "and pay him a pension at the rate; " and in line served, it is impossible for her to supply such evidence as would be satisfac­ tory to the Pension Bureau. 9, after the word '' of," to strike out '' any pension;" so as to make Your committee are of opinion that the valuable services rendered by her the bill read: . husband, taken in connectiOn with the undoubted fact that his death was Be it-enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, due to disease of lungs, the existence of which in the service is proven by the authorized and directed to_place on the pflnsion roll the name of Jordan records of the Coruot and Geodetic Survey, justify the allowance to the claim­ Thomas, late of Company H, Third Regiment of Kentucky Volunteer In­ ant of the pension proposed by this bill. fantry, in the war with Mexico, and pay him a pension at the rate of $18 pe1· The passage of the bill is therefore recommended, after being amended as month in lieu of that he is now receiving. follows: In line 7 strike out all after the word "month." The amendments were agreed to. The amendment was agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ ments were concurred in. ment was concurred in. The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to The amendment was ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be be read a third time. read a third time. · The bill was read the third time, and passed. The bill was read the third time, and passed. WILLIAM HENRY SMITH. GEORGE B. STONE. The bill (H. R. 795) granting an increase of pension to William The bHl (H. R. 6625) for the reHef of George B. Stone, was con­ Henry Smith was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place on the pension roll the name of William Henry sidered as in Committee of the Whole. Smith, late a private in Company C of the Fifteenth Regiment The bill was reported fro~ the Committee on Pensions with an amendment, in line 4, after the word "place," to strike out New York Engineer Volunteers, and to pay him a pension of $30 a month in lieu of the pension he is now receiving. "upon" and insert "on;" so as to make the bill read: The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the pension roll the name of George B. to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. Stone, late of Company C, Fifty-sixth Enrolled Missouri Militia, and pay BILLS PASSED OVER. him a pension at the rate of $20 per month,. The amendment was agreed to. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. GALLINGER in the chair). The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The Pension Calendar is concluded. The Calendar under Rule ment was concurred in. VIII is now in order, and the first bill on the Calendar will be The amendment was ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be stated. The bill (S. 4747) to establish postal savings banks for deposit­ read a third time. ing savings at interest, with the security of the Government for The bill was read the third time, and passed. repayment thereof, and for other purposes, was announced as first The title was amended so as to read: ''A bill granting a pension in order. to George B. Stone." The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair is informed that this LOUIS HIRSCH. bill has heretofore been read at length. The bill (H. R. 5402) to increase the pension of Louis Hirsch :Mr. COCKRELL. Let the bill be passed over for the present, was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to the Senator who reported it being absent. place the name of Louis Hirsch, late second lieutenant United The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill will be passed over. States Volunteers, on the pension roll and to pay him a pension of The bill (S. 4751) for tJJ.e widening of Nineteenth street NW. was $24 per month in lieu of his present pension. announced as next in order, 1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 605

M.r. McMILLAN. I ask that that bill be passed over without First Lieut. Edgar S. Walker, Eighth Infantry, July 10, 1898, losing its place on the Calendar. vice Rowell, Second Infantry, killed in battle. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill will be passed over, re­ First Lieut. Charles McQuiston, Fourth Infantry, July 23,1898, taining its place on the Calendar. vice Kirkman, Tenth Infantry, promoted. The bill ( S. 4625) to regulate insurance in the District of Colum­ First Lieut. Frederick Perkins, Eighth Infantry, July 26, 1898, bia, and for other purposes, was announced as next in order. vice Gilman, Thirteenth Infantry, deceased. Mr. McMILLAN. I ask that that bill be passed over without First Lieut. Clarence R. Edwards, Twenty-third Infantry, July prejudice. 30, 1898, vice Dodge, Twenty-fourth Infantry, deceased. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill will be passed over, re­ First Lieut. William P. Burnham, Twentieth Infantry, August taining its place on the Calendar. 4, 1898, vice Hubert, Eighth Infantry, deceased. ARREARAGES OF TAXES. First Lieut. James M. Arrasmith, Second Infantry, August 7, 1898, vice Barrett, Tenth Infantry, deceased. The bill (S. 4700) to receive arrearages of taxes due the District First Lieut. W1lliam H. Johnston, Sixteenth Infantry, August of Columbia to July 1, lti96, at 6 per cent interest per annum, in 8, 1898, vice Guthrie, Thirteenth Infantry, promoted. lieu of penalties and costs, was considered as in Committee of the First Lieut. John A. Perry, Eighth Infantry, August 11, 1898, Whole. It provides that the rat~ of interest to be collected of any person owing arrearages of general taxes prior to July 1, 1896, vice Ketchum, Twenty-second In fan try, retired from active service. now due to and the liens for which are held by the District of First Lieut. Charles P. George, Sixteenth Infantry, August 11, Columbia shall be 6 per cent per annum, in lieu of the rate and 1898, vice Foote, Ninth Infantry, promoted. . · penalties now fixed by law and all accrued costs, and provides To be first lieutenants. that the act shall apply only to taxes paid on or before the 1st day Second Lieut. John A. Gurney [since killed in battle], r.rwenty· of January, 1899. fourth Infantry, June 30, 1898, vice Geary, Nineteenth Infantry, The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered promoted. to be engrossed for a third reading, reaq the third time, an~ passed. Second Lieut. Jens Bugge, Third Infantry, July 1, 1898, vice BRIG, GEN. THADDEUS H. STANTON. Wilson, Second Infantry, promoted. Second Lieut. Charles H . Paine, Thirteenth Infantry, July 1, Mr. COCKRELL. I wish to enter a motion to reconsider the 1898, vice Root, Nineteenth Infantry, promoted, · vote by which the Senate passed the bill (S. 4993) authorizing the Second Lieut. Thomas W . Darrah, Ninth Infantry, July 1,1898, President to nominate Brig. Gen. Thaddeus H. Stanton to be a vice Hale, Twentieth Infantry, promoted. major-general in the United States Army and to place him on Second Lieut. Americus Mitchell, Fifth Infantry, July 1, 1898, the retired list with the rank and pay of that grade. I move that vice Taggart, Sixth Infantry, promoted. the House of Representatives be requested to return the bill to the Second Lieut. Perry L. Miles, Fourteenth Infantry, July 1, 1898, Senate. vice Faison, First Infantry, promoted. The motion was agreed to. Second Lieut. Milton L. McGrew, Eleventh Infantry, July 1, EXECUTIVE SESSION. 1898, vice Ord, Sixth Infantry, killed in battle. Mr. DAVIS. I move that the Sen~te proceed to the considera­ Second Lieut. Lorrain T. Richardson, Twentieth Infantry, July tion of executive business. 1, 1898, vice McCorkle, Twenty-fifth Infantry, killed in battle. The motion was agreed to; and· the Senate proceeded to the con­ Seeond Lieut. Charles R. Howland, Twentieth Infantry, July sideration of executive business. After three hours and fifty 1, 1898, vice Michie, Seventeenth Infantry, killed in battle. minutes spent in executive session the doors were reopened, and Second Lieut. Francis P. Siviter, Twelfth Infantry, July 1,1898, (at 5 o'clock p.m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Friday, vice Sater, Eighteenth Infantry, killed in battle. · - January 13, 1899, at 12 o'clock meridian. Second Lieut. Morton F. Smith, Twentieth Infantry, July 1 1898, vice Gurney, Nineteenth Infantry, killed in battle. 1 Second Lieut. Louis M . Nuttman, Twenty-tirst Infantry, July NOMINATIONS. 2, 1898, vice Hasbrouck, Fourteenth Infantry, promoted. Executive nominations received .by the Senate Janumy 12, 1899. Second Lieut. Glenn H. Davis, Twelfth Infantry, July 3, 1898, COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS. vice Kreps, Twenty-second Infantry, promoted. · William J. Grant, of New York, to be collector of customs for Second Lieut. Franklin S. Hutton, Second Infantry, July 9, - the district of Cape Vincent, in the State of New York, to succeed 1898, vice Neary, Fourth Infantry, died of wounds. . Frank N. Potter, whose term of office has expired by limitation. Second Lieut. AlbertS. Brookes, Eighteenth Infantry, July 10, 1898, vice Cabell, Fourteenth Infantry, promoted. SURGEON, MARINE-HOSPITAL SERVICE. Second Lieut. Thomas F. Dwyer, Ninth Infantry, July 10,1898, P. A. Surg. Paul M. Carrington, of Maryland, to be a surgeon vice Walker, Eighth Infantry, promoted. in the Marine-Hospital Service of the United States. Second Lieut. Fine W. Smith, Twelfth Infantry, July 11, 1898, PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY. vice Bullard, Tenth Infantry, appointed commissary of subsistence. P. A.'Surg. Andrew R. Wentworth. to be a surgeon in the Navy, APPOINTMENTS IN THE VOLUNTEER ARMY. from the 9th day of October, 1898, vice Surg. Arthur G. Cabell, First Regiment Volunteer Eng-ineers. retired. P. A. Surg. Corbin J. Decker, to be a surgeon in the Navy, from Second Lieut. Percy R. Owens, to be first lieutenant, vice Car· the 12th day of December, 1898 (subject to the examinations re­ bonel, resigned. quired by law), vice Surg. Franklin B. Rogers, promoted. Sergt. Jasper R . Rand, jr., Company E, to be second lieutenant, vice Owens, promoted. PROMOTIONS IN THE ARMY. Third Regiment Volunteer Engineers. INFANTRY ARM. Second Lieut. William D. Pasco, to be first lieutenant, vice To be major. Brice, resigned. . Capt. George W. H. Stouch [since retired from active service], First Sergt. Harley E. Reeves, Company B, to be second lieuten­ Third Infantry, August 30, 1898, vice McCaskey, Twentieth Infan­ ant, vice Pasco, promoted. try, promoted. Ninth Regiment Voluntee1· Injant1·y. To be captains. Charles D. Gaither, of ,Maryland, to be captain, vice J\:larkley, First Lieut. Woodbridge Geary, Nineteenth Infantry, June 30, deceased. · 1898, vice Sharp, Twentieth Infantry, retired from active service. APPOINTMENTS, BY TRANSFER, IN THE ARMY. First Lieut. Thomas H. Wilson, Second Infantry, July 1, 1898, vice Stafford, Fifteenth Infantry, retired from active service. Second Lieut. Conrad S. Babcock, Sixth Artillery, to be second First Lieut. Edwin A. Root, Nineteenth Infantry, July 1, 1898, lieutenant of cavalry, to rank from April27, 1898, vice Williams, vice Whitney, Eighth Infantry, promoted. First Cavalry, promoted. First Lieut. Harry C. ·Hale, Twentieth Infantry, July 1, 1898, N OTE.-On December 8, 1898, this officer was nominated to the. vice Drum, Tenth Infantry, killed in battle. Senate for the above appointment, with rank from September 27, First Lieut. Elmore F. Taggart, Sixth Infantry, July 1, 1898, 1898, and was so confirmed December 14, 1898. vice Morrison, Sixteenth Infantry, killed in battle. This message is submitted for the purpose of correction of date First Lieut. Samson L. Faison, First Infantry, July1, 1898, vice of rank-April27, 1898, instead of September 27, 1898. Wetherill, Sixth Infantry, killed in battle. POSTMASTERS. First Lieut. Alfred Hasbrouck, jr., Fourteenth Infantry, July J. Eugene Lewis, to be postmaster at Winthrop, in the county 2, 1898, vice Dickinson, Seventeenth Infantry, died of wounds. of Kennebec and State of Maine, in the place of L. 0. Cobb, whose First Lieut. Jacob F. Kreps, Twenty-second Infantry, July 3, commission expired January 10, 1899. 1898, vice Fornance, Thirteenth Infantry, died of wounds. William T. Coulson, to be postmaster at Port Deposit, in the First Lieut. Henry C. Cabell, Fourteenth Infantry, July 10, 1898, county of Cecil and State of Maryland, in the place of G. A. At­ vice Carpenter, Ninth Infantry, deceased. kinson, whose commission expired J nne 5, 1898. 606 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 12,

George Abbott, to be postmaster at East Douglas, in the county Frederick C. Sasse, to be postmaster at Brunswick, in the of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, the appointment of a county of Chariton and State of Missouri, in the place of G. W. postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in the Rucker, whose commission expired January 10, 1899. President on and after January 1, 1899. Thomas Sharp, to be postmaster at Wellsville, in the county of T. J. Evans, to be postmaster at Weymouth Center, in the Montgomery and State of Missomi, in the place of G. M. Straube, county of Norfolk and State of Maso:achusetts, in the place of whose commission expired January 11, 1899. R. F. Shaw, removed. James N. Brooks, to be postmaster at Rushville, in the · c ~mnty John S. Fay, to be postmaster at Marlboro, in the county of of ·sheridan and State of Nebraska, the appointment of a post­ Middlesexand Stateof Massachusetts, in the place of JohnS. Fay, master for the said office having, by law, become vested jn the whose commission expires January 21, 1899. (Reappointment.) President on and after January 1,1899. · Edgar B. Babcock, to be postmaster at Kalkaska, in the county · Will A. Needham, to be postmaster at Bloomfield, in the county of Kalkaska and State of Michigan, in the place of Cornelius Cro· of Knox and State of Nebraska, the appointment of a postmaster nin, whose commission expires January 28, 1899. for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President Roland Franklin, to be postmaster at Clio, in the county of Gene­ on and after January 1, 1899.· see and State of Michigan, the appointment of a postmaster for Charles 0. Hm·lbutt, to be postmaster at Lebanon, in the county the said office having, by law, become vested in the President on of Grafton and State of New Hampshire, in the place of A. T. and after January 1. 1899. Clark, whose commission expires January 15, 1899. Victor F. Huntley, to be postmaster at Manton, in the county of Napoleon B. Perkins, to be postmaster at Groveton, in the Wexford and State of Michigan, the appointment of a postmaster county of Coos and Stat-e of New Hampshire, t.he appointment of for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in on and after January 1, 1899, the President on and after January 1, 1899. Fred J. Mauren, to be postmaster at Portland, in the county of Richard •r. Beckett, to be postmaster at Clayton, in the county Ionia and State of Michigan, in the place of F. E. Doremus, whose of Gloucester and State of New Jersey, the appointment of a post· commission expired January 9, 1899. master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the W. L. Bucksen, to be postmastei· at Blooming Prairie, in the President on and after January 1, 1899. countyof SteeleandStateof Minnesota, the appointment of a post­ Albert M. Bradshaw, to be postmaster at Lakewood, in the master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the county of Ocean and State of New Jersey, in the place of W. J. President on and after October 1, 1898. Harrison, whose commission expires January 17, 1899. Frank H. Buelow, to be postmaster at Sleepy Eye, in the county Adam Kandle, to be postmaster at Elmer, in the county of Salem of Brown and State of Minnesota, in the place of Peter Geschwind, and State of New Jersey, the appointment of a postmaster for the whose commission expired August 6, 1898. said office having, by law, become vested in the President on and Charles A. Birch, to be postmaster at Willmar, in the county after January 1, 1899. of Kandiyohi and State of Minnesota, in the place of S . .E. Stans­ Marcus Mitchel1, to be postmaste1· at East Orange, in the county berry, whose commission expired December 12, 1898. of Essex and State of New Jersey, in the place of Benjamin Hilton, John Crawford, to be postmaster at Lakefield, in the county of whose commission expired December 13, 1898. Jackson and State of Minnesota, the appointment of a post~aster Benjamin B. Ogden, to be postmaster at Keyport, in the county for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President of Monmouth and State of New Jersey, in the place of W. Conover on and after January 1,1899. Smith, whose commission expir~d December 13, 1998. William E. Easton. to be postmaster at Stillwater, in the county Justus B. Abbott, to be postmaster at Gouverneur, in thecouny of Wasllington and State of Minnesota, in the place of Christine <;>f St. Lawrence and State of New York, in the place of C. P. Earle, Carroll, whose commission expires February 15, 1899. whose commission expired May 4, 1898. S. H.- Farririgton, to be postmaster at Waterville, in the county Andrew W. Craig, to be postmaster at Camden, in the county of Lesueur and State of Minnesota, in the place of Patrick O'Leary, of Oneida and State of New York, in the place of D. J. Crimmins, whose commission expired December 12, 1898. whose commission expired December 11, 1898, Charles R. Frazee, to be postmaster at Pelican Rapids, in the Theodore C. Fletcher, to be postmaster at Babylon, in the county of Ottertail and State of Minnesota, the appointment of a county of Suffolk and State of New York, in the place of F. A. postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in Dowden, whose commission expires January 23, 1899. the 'President on and after January 1, 1899. H. R. Every, to be postmaster at Athens, in the county of Frank E. Gartside, to be postmaster at Winona, in the county Greene and State of New York, in the place of Frank Nichols, of Winona and State c;,f Minnesota, in the pla.ce of C. F. Buck, whose commission expired January 10, ·1899. whose commission expired August 6, 1898. George E. Johnson, to be postmaster at North Tarrytown, in the John Lohn, to be postmaster at Fosston, in the county of Polk county of Westchester and State of New Y01·k, in the place of and State of Minnesota, the appointment of a postmaster for the J. M. Swift, whose commission expired December 11, 1898. said office having, by law, become vested in the President on and William B. Leroy, to be postmaster at Cohoes, in the county of after January 1, 1899. Albany and State of New York, in the place of J. B. McKee, whose Emma F. Marshall, to be postmaster at Red Lake Falls, in the commission .expired December 11, 1898. county of Red Lake and State of Minnesota, the appointment of a Mary L. McRoberts, to be postmaster at Tompkinsville, in the postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vest.ed in county of Richmond and State of NewYorlr, in the place ofR. T. P. the President on and after January 1, 1899. Fiske, whose commission expired December 11, 1898. Gilbert Sargent, to be postmaster at Osakis, in the county of David G. Montross, to be postmaster at Peekskill, in the county Douglas and State of Minnesota, the appointment of a postmaster of 'iVestchester and State of New York, in the place of W. R. for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President Thorne, whose commission expired December 11, 1898. on and after January 1, 1899. Bryant S. Palmer, to be postmaster at Carmel, in the county of A. W. Sheets, to be postmaster at Long Prairie, in the county Putnam and State of New York, in the place of J. A. Ziclrler, of Todd and State of Minnesota. in the place of A. S. Strauss, whose commission expired January 10, 1899. whose commission expired December 12, 1898. John D. Smith, to be postmaster at Catskill, in the county of Florance A. Vanderpoel, to be postmaster at Park Rapids, in Greene and State of New York, in the place of Harry Hall, whose the county of Hubbard and State of Minnesota,. the appointment commission expired December 11, 1898. of a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested Frank R. Utter, to be postma-ster at Friendship, in the county in the President on and after January 1, 1899. of Allegany and State of New York, in the place of L. B. Colwell, Moses M. Adams, to be postmaster at Seneca, in the county of removed. Newton and State of Missou1·i, in the place of J. M. Boyd, whose General W. Crawford, to be postmaster at Marion, in the county commission expired December 11, 1898. of McDowell and . State of North Carolina, the appointment of a John H. Heath, to be postmaster at Pattonsbm·g, in the county postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in of Daviess and State of Missouri, the appointment of a postmaster the President on and after January 1, 1899. for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President Henry D. Mayo, to be postmaster at Littleton, in the county of on and after Ja,nuary 1, 1899. Halifax and State of North Carolina, the appointment of a post­ Thomas M. Morsey, to be postmaster at Warrenton, in the master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the county of Warren and State of Missouri, the appointment of a President on and after January 1,1899. postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in John K. Moose, to be postmaster at Lenoir, in the county of the President on and after January 1, 1899. Caldwell and State of North Carolina, in the place of l\1. N. Har· Andrew J. Robinson, to be postmaster at Liberty, in the county shaw, resigned. of Clay and State of Miss_omi, in the place of J. T. Riley, whose Elizabeth C. Pool, to be postmaste1· at Elizabeth City, in the commission expired December 11, 1898. county of Pasquotank and State of North Carolina, in the place Han~y L. Sack, to be postmaster at South St. Joseph, in the of E. F. Lamb, whose commission expired April5, 1898. county of Buchanan and State of Missouri, the appointment of a W. H. H. Masters, to be postmaster at Scio, in the county of postmaster for the said, office having, by law, become vested in Harrison and State of Ohio, in the place of E. H. Kennedy, whose the President on and after October 1, 1898. commission expired August 10, 1898. 1899. CONGRESSIONAL REQORD-HOUSE. 607

James S. Morley, to be postmaster at Andover, in the countyof county of Waupaca and State of Wisconsin, the appointment of Ashtabula and State of Ohio, the appointment of a postmaster for a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in the said office having, by law, become vested in the President on the President on and after January 1, 1899. and after October 1, 189t!. James T. Brownlee, to be postmaster at Mondovi, in the county Van R. Sprague, to be postmaster at McArthur, in.. the county of Buffalo and State of Wisconsin, the appointment of a postmas­ of Vinton and Sta~ of Ohio, the appointment of a postmaster for ter for the said office haYing, by law, become vested in the Presi­ the said office havilig, by law, become vested in the President on dent on and after January 1, 1899. and after January 1, 1899. Frank F. Talley, to be postmaster ·at New Richmond, in the CONFIRMATIONS. county of Clermont and State of Ohio, in the place of C. E. Roet­ tinger, whose commission expired December 12, 1898. Executive nominations confinned by the Senate Janu,ary 12, 1899. Mary L. Thompson, to be postmaster at Georgetown, in the AMBASSADOR. county of Brown and State of Ohio, in the place of W. L. Richey, Charlemagne Tower, of Pennsylvania, to be ambassador extraor­ whose commission expires January 17, 1899. . Andrew C .. Allison, to be postmaster at Mifflintown, in the county dinary a~d plenipotentiary of the United States to Russia. of Juniata and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of W. M. Alli­ ENVOY EXTRAORDINARY AND MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY. son, deceased. Addison C. Harris, of Indiana, to be envoy extraordinary and Alfred W. Christy, to be postmaster at Slippery Rock, in the minister plenipotentiary of the United States toAustria-Hunga.ry. county of Butler and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of A. J. APPOINTME T IN THE ARMY, Bard, removed. Alfred J. Dessent, to be postmaster at Belle Vernon, in the To be brigadier-gene1·al. county of Fayette and State of Pennsylvania, in the pl~ce of E. S. Col. William M. Wherry, Seventeenth Infantry. Guiler, whose commission expired December 11, 1898. COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL REVENUE. John H. Dunn. to be postmaster at Parkesburg, in the county James G. Monahan, of Wisconsin, to be collector of internal of Chester and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of J. E. Wright, revenue for the Second district of Wisconsin. whose commission expired April11, 1898. · John B. Griffiths, to be postmaster at Jermyn, in the county of SURVEYOR OF CUSTOMS. Lackawanna and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of T. A. Thomas C. Elliott, of Illinois, to be surveyor of customs for the Hendrick, removed. port of Cairo, in the State of Illinois. Anna H. Griscom, to be postmaster at Jenkintown, in the county POSTMASTERS. of Montgomery and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of H. H. E. C. Brown, to be postmaster at Dewitt, in the county of Clin- O'Neill, removed. ton and State of Iowa. · · Frederick Huffnagle, to be postmaster at Fort Washington, in William H. Williams, to be postmaster at Waterloo, in the the county of Montgomery and State of Pennsylvania, in the place county of Dekalb and State of Indiana. of E. B. Rowland, whose commission expired January 10, 1899. Elvet B. Rhodes, to be postmaster at West Baden; in the county Samuel H. Jackson, to be postmaster at Claysville, in the county of Orange and State of Indiana. · of Washington and State of Pennsylvania, the appointment of a John Clinch, to be postmaster at Elmwood, in the ·county of postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in the Peoria and State of illinois. - · · - - - President on and after January 1, 1899 .. Herbert 0. Chowen, to be postmaster ·at Great Falls, in. the George H. Reitenbaugh, to be postmaster at Ardmore, in the county of Cascade and State of Montana. · ·· ' · · · ·. county of Montgomery and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of R. H. Randall, to be postmaster at Dtmlap, in the county of Enoch Enochs, whose commission expired April11, 1898. Harrison and State of Iowa. · : · W. C. Steele, to be postmaster at Brownsville, in the county of Alfred C. Harris, to be postmaster at Eldora, in the county of Fayette and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of W. B. Mc­ Hardin and State of Iowa. · - · Cormick, whose commission expires January 17, 1899. Edward S. Stackpole, to be postmaster at Deerlodge, in t-he John Watters, to be postmaster at Evans City, in the county of county of Deerlodge and State of Montana. · Butler and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of J. M. White, Julia Anna Kline, to be postmaster at White Sulphur Springs, removed. in the county of Meagher and State of Montana. . · - Samuel E. Worth, to be postmaster at Oxford, in the county of David J. Dolsen, to be postmaster at Sandcoulee, in the county Chester and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of N. A. Patterson, of Cascade and State of Montana. removed. Cyrus F. Zimmerman, to be postmaster at Palmyra, in the county of Lebanon and State of Pennsylvania, the appointment of a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. the President on and after January 1, 1899. Annie H. Du Mars, to be postmaster at Angleton, in the county THURSDAY, J a.n'l.lary 12, 1899. of Brazoria and State of Texa.s, the appointment of a postma.ster The House met at 12 -o'clock m. Prayer by the Rev. LESLIE for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President MooRE, of Washington, D. C. on and after October 1, 1898. The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. William McManis, to be postmaster at Baird, in the county of Callahan and State of Texas, in the place of E. E. Solomon, re· MESSAGE FROM: THE SENATE. moved. · A message from the Senate, by Mr. PLATT, one of its clerks, an­ Winfield L. Vinson, to be 11ostmaster at Lufkin, in the county nounced that the Senate had passed the bill (S. 5090) to authorize of Angelina and State of Texas, the appointment of a postmaster Victor Vifquain, colonel Third Nebraska Volunteer Infantry, to for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President accept the decoration of the Order of the Double Dragon from on and after J anuary 1, 1899. the Emperor of China; in which the concurrence of the House was Benjamin F. Boothe, to be postma.ster at Brigham, in the county requested. of Boxelder and State of Utah, in the place of A. H. Snow, whose The message also announced that the Senate had passed with- commission expired May 16, 1898. out amendment bills of the following titles: . Edward W. Bisbee, to be postmaster at Barre, in the county of H . R. 314. An act for the relief of William H. King; Washington and State of Vermont, in the place of Frank Mc­ H. R. 795. An act granting an increase of pension to William Whorter, whose commission expired December 12, 1898. Hem·y Smith; . Stanley R. Bryant, to be postmaster at Windsor, in the county B. R. 2157. An act granting a pension to Herman Dellit; of Windsor and State of Vermont, in the place of H. W. Stocker, H . R. 2981. An act granting an increase of pension to James whosecommission expired December 11, 1898. W. Jackson; William H. Parker, to be postmaster at Onancock, in the county H. R. 5798. An act granting an increase of pension to Samuel of Accomac and State of Virginia, in the place of E. E. Miles, S. Patterson; and removed. H. R. 6013. An act for the relief of J. R. Eggleston, of Hinds Thaddeus A. Winter, to be postmaster at Colville, in the county County, Miss. of Stevens and State of Washington, the appointment of a post­ The message also announced that the Senate had passed the master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the following resolution; in which the concurrence of the House was President on and after October 1, 1898. requested: Cyrus A. Crislip, to be postmaster at Spencer, in the county of Resol-ved .bY the Senate (the House of Representati1:es concttl-ring), That there be prmted 20,000 copies of the message of the President transmitting Roane and State of West Virginia, the appointment of a post­ the treaty of peace with Spain, and the accompanying documents, in one master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the volume, of which 13,000 copies shall be for the use of the ·House of Represcn· President on and after January 1, 1899~ tativ;es and 7,000 copies for the use of the Senate. Eliada W. Browu .. to- b~ p~tmaster at Weyauwega, in the The message also announced that the Senate-had insisted upo~ 608 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 12, its amendments to the bill (H. R. 11083) making appropriations proceed with the consideration of the bill by paragraphs. There to provide for the expenses of the government of the District of is no expectation that there will be opposition to any paragraphs Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, and for other of the bill. _ . purposes, disagreed to by the House of Representatives, had The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gen­ agreed to the conference asked by the House on the disagreeing tleman from Illinois? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none, votes of the two Houses thereon, and had appointed Mr. .ALLISON, and it is so ordered. Mr. CuLLOM, and Mr. CocKRELL as the conferees on the part of Mr. HITT. l\Ir. Chairman, this appropriati~n bill, which is the the Senate. annual provision for our consular and diplomatic service, is al­ SENATE BILL AND RESOLUTION REFERRED. most a reprint of the existing law. There are few changes, easily enumerated, which will be seen detailed in the report of the com­ Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, Senate bill of the following title mittee, a report in which all the committee agr·ee. There are a and c.oncurrent resolution were taken from the Speaker's table few increases and a considerable number of decreases in items of and referred to their appropriate committees as indicated below: expenditure, so that if this bill pass as it stands, it would appro­ S. 5090. An act to authorize Victor Vifquain, colonel Third Ne­ pnate $46,675 less than has been required to carry out the existing braska Volunteer Infantry, to accept the decoration of the Order law covering the same points, and it is $127,000 less than is called of the Double Dragon from the Emperor of China-to the Com­ for in the Book of Estimates. We have discontinued the appro· mittee on Foreign Affairs. priation for the consular posts in Porto Rico, Cuba, and Manila. Concurrent resolution No. 54- We have cut off both consular salary and clerk-hire allowance Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concttrring), Thatther~ in Havana. We have omitted the allowance of $5,000 that was be printed 20,000 copies of the message of the President transmitting the treaty of peace with Spain, and the accompanying documents, in one volume, expended for inspection of embassies, that work having been sub­ of which 13,000 copies shall be for the use of the House of Representatives and stantia1ly concluded. 7,000 copies for the use of the Senate- We have abolished the mission to the Hawaiian Islands, omit­ To the Committee on Printing. ting the salaries of the minister and the secretar.y of legation and consul-general. There is a diminution of $15,000 in the appro­ DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR ~PROPRIATION BILL, priation providing for the international water boundarv commis­ Mr. HI'J.'T. 1\Ir. Speaker, I move that the House resolve itself sion to determine the boundary between the United States and into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for Mexico. There is a very trifling item of increase in the contin­ the consic'teration of appropriation bills, with a view of taking up gent expenses, $500, and a transfer, in the arrangement of the the consular and dipJomatic appropriation bill. bill, of the amount heretofore expended for "loss by exchange'' The motion was agreed to. from a separate item to a place where it properly belongs under The House accordingly resolved itself into Committee of the the ''contingent expenses." I will move an amendment when we Whole Eouse on the state of the Union, Mr. MooDY in the chair. reach that point in the bill to correct the form of expression in The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole the bill as drawn. It is an omission of a few words by inad- Honse on the state of the Union for the purpose of considering vertence. , the bill H. R. 11487, which the Clerk will read. There is ·a fuller provision in regard to the appropriation for the The Clerk read as follows: Bureau of American Republics, and there is also added to that a A bill (H. R. ll~T) making appropriations for the diplomatic and consular provision that we shall have 5,000 copies of the Monthly Bulletin service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900. in addition to those now printed. Many members call for them, Mr. HITT. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to dispense as do the South American Republics, the manufacturers, and the with the first formal reading of the bill, that we proceed to gen­ newspapers of the country; so that at present there is an inade­ eral debate, and then consider it by paragraphs. quate provision, and we want 5.000 copies more. There is a bal­ There was no objection. ance of $3,000 to close out the printing of the series of the reports Mr. IDTT. Mr. Chairman, before we go further in the con­ of the International Railway Commission, of which work there sideration of the bill, it would be well that we should have some have been in all about a dozen volumes, and that finishes it. understanding as to the time that would be desired for general Mr. HENDERSON. There is no reduction of clerk hire except debate before we take it up by paragraphs. I would like to have those named? a few moments of general debate in order to explain the bill. I Mr. HITT. No; no other reduction except what I have stated. will ask the gentleman from Arkansas what would be the desire The only clerk hire cut off is at Havana. on his side of the House? Mr. DOCKERY. I notice on page 27, if the gentleman will Mr. DINSMORE. Mr. Chairman, the desire of this side is to permit me, the usual appropriation of $36,000 for the Bureau of have some time to debate, not a very great deal of time; but there American Republics, and also an additional and indefinite appro­ are some gentlemen who want to be heard in general debate, and I priation of whatever amounts may be contributed by other Amer­ would ask for a reasonable tim6-'-Imay say a little time-because ican Republics for the support of the Bureau. we wHl not consume very much time when we come to consider Mr. HITT. That is not indefinite, it is fixed by the Interna­ the bill by sections. Say that we have two and a half hours on a tional Union; the outside contributions would be about $16,000 if side for general debate? all paid in. Then there is a small amount received from rents. Mr. HITT. That would enable us to conclude the debate and Mr. DOCKERY. That is true, but this language has not been the consideration of the bill to-day, as I take it for granted-and carried in former diplomatic bills. The current law reads: 1 Provided, That any moneys received from sale of the Bureau publications, the gentleman from Arkansas will correct me if I am in error­ from 1·ents, or other sources shall be paid into the Treasury as a credit in ad­ there will be no serious opposition to any feature of the bill, as dition to the appropriation, and may be drawn therefrom upon requisitions we were unanimous in reporting it. of the Secretary of State for the purpose of meeting the expenses of the Mr. DINSMORE. I am sure there will be no serious opposition Bureau. or opposition at all from the committee; and therefore, I take it The language in this bill is: for granted, not from this side of the House. Commercial Bureau of American Republics, $30,000: Provided, That any moneys received from the other Amel'ican republics for the support of the Mr. HITT. I will state to the committee that there is no desire, Bureau, or from the sale of the Bureau publications, from rents, or other sofarasiknow, to use so much time as two and a half hours, or any sources shall be paid into the Treasury as a credit in audition to the appro­ at all to be used by anybody on this side, but I will agree that priation, and may be drawn therefrom upon requisitions of the Secretary of there shall be two and a half hours allowed to each side, to be State for the purpose of meeting the expenses of the Bureau. controlled as the Chair will direct; but I give notice that we shall Mr. IDTT. The effect will be that this appropriation of$36,000 not expect to occupy two hours on our side. I will go on with will all be appropriated at once by the United States, finally and the bill then. completely, for the support of the Bureau, and not, as heretofore, The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from illinois asks unani­ an appropriation of our part and an advance of the part of the other mous consent of the committee that general debate shall cease at republics, to be reimbursed by them. By this bill whatever they the expiration of two hours and a half upon .each side, unless pay in will be in addition to the 536,000. The late Director, Mr. sooner concluded by action of the committee, the time to be con­ Smith, a very energetic man, who was carried far by his enthusi­ trolled respectively by the gentleman from illinois fl\Ir. HrrT] on asm, and who worked himself to death in that Bureau, extended the one side, and the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. DINSMORE] its sphere of action and its publications, so that before we were upon the other side. Is there objection? done providing for it last year we found, after his death1 that it Mr. FARIS. Pending that, I should like to ask the gentleman needed more money, and the Appropriations Committee approved from illinois if he expects much time to be consumed under the $41,000 more than our $36,000 appropriation, in order to carry on five-minute rule in the discussion of this bill? If so, it will be and pay for the work, as in the end it was thought to be useful utterly impossible to conclude the bill to-day, as suggested by the and worth the expenditure. But the work has been cut down by gentleman from Illinois, under that tentative agreement for five the present Director and reduced to such proportions that it can hom·s to be consumed by general debate. be carried out with the $36,000 and whatever we get from the Mr. HITT. It is not at all probable that five hours will be taken other republics. It is believed by all of us to be a nseful work. in general debate. The gentleman from Arkansas thinks he can Mr. DOCKERY. I am ·not questioning in a captious spirit the work of th& committee, but this is an increased appropriation, and get throt!.gh with less than two hours and a half, "and then w~ will , I 1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE.' 609 it seems to me it should be specific, if it is wise to make one. Tlw been deemed proper by Congress. The appropriation we are mak· language of the current law is, after appropriating $36,000, ''that ing now is to be expended by men who take no oath of office under any moneys received from sale of the Bureau publications, from the United States, and who owe it no obligation as officers. rents, or other soru·ces shall be paid into the Treasury," and so Mr. HITT. This body is organized pursuant to the recomlllen- forth. aation of an international conference establishing it, by agree· But this bill appropriates $36,000 on the part of the United States ment, for mutual benefit, arranging that it shall be controlled by and also whatever may be contributed from othi3r republic.s, which the largest partner, and that its business shall be transacted at the gentleman estimates as $16,000. our seat of government. Heretofore we have generally contrib· Mr. HITT. That is explained in the report of the Director as uted in the same proportion as other nations. It is proposed now being the purpose. The Secretary of State has recommended this. that we shall practically contribute a little more. Mr. DOCKERY. But the amount is fixed, is it not? Mr. BAILEY. That we contribute what we have been con­ Mr. ffiTT. The remainder will be about $16,000, to be paid in tributing and also what they have been contributing. That is the by the other republics. present proposition. But that is not exactly the trouble in my Mr. DOCKERY. I call the attention of the committee espe- mind. It seems to me that we are proposing to take money out cially to this item, because it has heretofere been the policy of of the public Treasury and devote it to uses disconnected with Congress-and it seems to me to be a wise one-to avoid indefi- the Government, with its disbursement controlled by people who nite appropriations. Where appropriations are considered neces· are not officers of the United States. sa1·y, it is best to make them in definite terms. . Mr. HITT. The proceedings of this Bureau are controlled by Mr. HITT. I will state one good reason for this. Heretofore the methods prescribed by the union into which the United States when the Bureau of American Republics called upon the South entered, and the expenditure is as legal as any expenditure can American Republics to pay their quota they knew that it had al- be. It has been made now for many years. We have in this ready been advanced by the United States. By this bill we do not very bill several other items of appropriation for our part of such advance any money for them, but we pay out 336,000 because we bureaus, as the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. believe this to be an institution which is benefiting us more than Mr. BAILEY. I do not subscribe to the doctrine that an ex­ anybody else; we expect them to fulfill their .obligations. What. penditure of public money by persons who are not public officials ever we receive from them we are glad to get. They have been . is a very proper method of spending the people's money. And if slow· and irregular, but are all gradually coming into this union; the United States did enter into an agreement to take money out even Chile has at last come in. of the Treasury and put it at the command of persons who are Mr. BAILEY. The gentleman means that heretofore we have not officers of the United States, it did a very foolish thing. talren their contributions and covered them into our Treasury, and Mr. HITT. These in this Bureau are quasi officers of the United now we propose to give these contributions to the B1ll"eau instead States. · of covering them into the Treasury. Mr. BAILEY. That is a new classification. There is no such Mr. HITT. And add them to the available resources .of the Bu- thing as a quasi officer of the United States. A man is either an reau. officer or he is not. · Mr. BAILEY. You might just as well make a specific increase. llfr. HITT. That is a question of policy which should have been Mr. HITT. We do make a specific increase, forwedonotlmow considered when we entered into the union. what they will pay in. It is an increase. Mr. HANDY. Will the gentJema.n from illinois [Mr. BITT] Mr. DOCKERY. Why not let it appear on the face of the bill permit a question or two? as an increase of 816,000? Mr. BITT. With pleasure. M.r. HITT. It is not an increase of $16,000 in fact, because we Mr. HANDY. Is it not a fact that the chief item of expendi- . can not tell how much will be paid by those republics. So:me of ture of this Bureau, beyond the pay roll of the employees, is for them are behind five years in their payments. Some have not paid printing? at all. They have revolutions and other troubles down there from Mr. HITT. My impression is that the largest item is for print­ time to time. Some pay np pretty promptly. They are nearly ing. The next largest item is for the preparation of the books ·always behind, more or less. Out of the $16,000 due from them, which are printed. Enormous labor is required to get the mate· some is coming in. Bnt the Secretary of State says that this in· rial together for those books. stitution is so valuable and satisfactory to our manufacturing and Mr. HANDY. But that is done by the employees of the Bureau? business interests that we had better pay even the whole 336,000 Mr. HITT. Well, it is also done by expenditure other than the and keep it going. Money from those republics is coming in; salaries of the employees. they are doing better and better. Mr. HANDY. Is it not a fact within the knowledge of the com- Mr. BAILEY. How do these South American countries make mittee that the Director of the Bureau ran up a bill approximat. ·their payments-to the Government of the Uni&:>.A. States or to the ing $100,000 at the office of the Public Printer, and that Congress Director of this Bureau? had to come to the relief of that officer by an appropriation to Mr. HITT. The Bureau of American Republics is controlled cover the deficiency created by this expense run up without au· by a board or executive committee. The executive committee thority of law by the Director of the Bureau? supervises the officials and has control of everything. The Secre- Mr. HITT. I can not state the exact facts in reply to the in­ ta.ryofStateisexofficioPresident. TheothermembersareSenor quiry of the gentieman from Delaware. The late Director did :Merou, the Argentine minister; Senor Calvo, the Costa Rican have very broad views and was a very enthusiastic man, and as­ minister; Senor Andrade, the VE:meznelan minister~ and the Di- peciaUy with reference to the preparation of the large work, the rector. They compose the committee and determine everything; Commercial Directory of the Republics of America, embracing and this report is made to them. the two continents. .Mr. BAILEY. But the Director of the Bureau is an official of Mr. HANDY. Let me ask the gentleman further, is there any· the Government of th~ United States, is he not? Is he not ap- where aiiy authority to wan-ant the Public Printer in printing pointed by the President? anything for the Bureau of American Republics except what may Mr. HITT. He is nominated and I believe appointed with the be ordered and paid for by the Director of the Bureau? approval of the executive committee. Mr. HITT. I will state to the gentleman that I have before me Mr. BAILEY. Is it not ·true that he has been having printing the amount of all expenditures which have been made by the Bu- _done at the Public Printing Office? · reau of American Republics, and lean tell him in a few moments. Upon what theory, if he is not an officer of the United States, Mr. HANDY. Because I have heard whispers going around can he go down to the Printing Office, as he did recently, and have that instead of its heing in the most gratifying and satisfactory a large amount of printing done there? conqition, the Bureau provided for in this section has many things Mr. HITT. The printing was done in the usual way. All the in it and in its past transactions that would not look very well if printing of the Bureau has to be done at the Public Printing Office. the lid was lifted off by an investigation of all the facts. This Bureau of American Republics 'being under the control and Mr. HITT. I will state to the gentleman that I heard rumorsof at the seat of the Government of the United States, and its Di- that kind myself when we were considering the qnestion of the rector being nominated by our President, and under our Secretary deficit last session, but I was unable to discover anything of th-e of State, all its administration is carried on here, we having the kind,a.ndconcludedthatthestatementwassomewhatexaggera.ted. chief benefit. Its printing has always been done at our Printing I will state further that with the change in the directors a large Office. part of the expenditures were cut off entirely; and I have before Mr. BAILEY. But it is no part of the duty of the Government me a statement of all the expenditures made since the 5th day of of the United States to pay for that printing if the Director and February, 1898, with the receipts for the same period down to June other officers of the board are not officers of the United States. 30andsubsequently,and theseaccountspresentaveryfairshowing. Mr. mTT. He is appointed upon the nomination of our Presi- The expenditures have been cut down largely, especially with dent. He actually determines it. reference to the printing bill, and the commissions which were Mr. BAILEY. This body seems to be outside of the law. The heretofore paid on advertisements have been entirely stopped. only connection which the Government has with it, it seems, is Mr. HANDY. That is, I understand, under the new Director? _merely to recognize it and give it BllCh countenance as may have Mr. HITT. That is, since the 5th day of February. XXXII-39 610 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE. J.ANU.A.BY. 12,

Mr. HANDY. ' But is it not a fact, I will ask the gentleman,. resources, and the free circnJation is now limited to newspapers, trade bodies,. libraries, Government officials, and applicants for specific information. that while this gentleman has been drawing his salary as Director Under the circumstances I have felt warranted in asking that the Congress at $5,000 a year he still holds his place as a clerk in the State De­ of the United States shall provide for an edition of 5,000 copies per month for partment, and is simply detailed from that Department for this the next fiscal year, ending June 30, 1900, for distribution in this country, as special purpose? a means of promoting a better knowledge of the resources and commercial Mr. HITT. Do you mean to ask whether he gets the two sal­ possibilities of the Latin-American Republics. aries or not? Mr. HANDY. But that :ls to be the whole edition. Mr. HANDY. No; but whether he does not hold the two posi­ Mr. BITT. These additional copies are for distribution in this tions. country. That is not the whole edition. I understand that an Mr. BITT. He does, I think, acting as Director; but I do not edition of 8,000 copies is distributed in Mexico, Central America, believe he gets two salaries. South America, etc. Mr. HANDY. I should not suppose, of course, that he could Mr. HANDY. I think if the gentleman "\\jll get to the bottom draw the two salaries. But my question is whether he does not of it, he will find that 5,000 is about the n1;1mber now distributed hold the two positions? in this country, and to the extent of that 5,000 this proviso would Mr. BITT. That, I think, is true, at least in part, as I under­ make an additional appropriation. stand that another acts often in his place in the Department. Mr. DOCKERY. I will simply say that this paragraph, it Mr. HANDY. And that he has been drawing all the while his seems to me, does not require any construction. The gentleman salary as Director? · from Delaware is obviously correct. Mr. BITT. Yes; I think there is no doubt of that, since Feb­ Mr. BITT. Now, I will finish what I was reading: An edition of 8,!XX) copies is distributed in Mexico, Central America, South ruary 5. I will state to the gentleman. however, that he has been America, and the West Indies, and the cost of this edition, as well as of tho regarded as a man of considerable ability-- copies now-being distributed in the United States, can, in my judgment, be Mr. BAILEY. He must be, if he is able to hold the two posi­ met by the probable receipts from advertising. tions at once. ·Eight thousand and five thousand are thirteen thousand. Mr. HITT. It may not take much ability to merely hold two Mr. BAILEY. I want to ask the gentleman before he gets positions, although it may ta~e considerable a~ilit.Y to perform the a way from that a question abcmt this advertising. I know nothing duties of both. But he has discharged the duties m a manner that about this, but I understand that. somebody connected with this bas given satisfaction and indicated that he was worthy of reten­ Bureau has been speculating on those advertisements and that, as tion. I believe he stood high in the Department before his appoint­ a matter of fact, he made a large suin of money out of it last year. ment as Director, although I am not acquainted with him at all. Can the chairman of the committee give the House any informa- Mr. BAILEY. It does not take much ability to hold two posi­ tion upon the subject? . tions, it is true, but it-may take considerable ability to discharge Mr. HITT. The Director states in his report that when he en­ the duties of the two. tered upon the charge of the Bureau he found there was an agent Mr. HANDY. And is it not a fact that while he was employed of the Bureau soliciting advertisements who received 40 per cent in the State Department, and paid his salary there, th'e present commission, and he discharged him. Director was also paid a large sum of money by Mr. Smith, his Mr. BAILEY. And taking advertisements at the rate at which predecessor as Director of the Bureau, to help edit the books and he did, he must have been making fifteen or twenty thousand dol- papers and material for the Bll-reau? In other words, did he, lars a year out of it. · before he became Director at all, receive remuneration from the Mr. BITT. Well, I doubt whether there was so much money Bureau at the same time that he was receiving his salary from as that. I think he was making more money than he ought to the State Department? have made. ·Mr. BITT. Well, I have never heard anything of the kind, Mr. BAILEY. If the gentleman will permit me, that illus­ and I would suppose he had not, but I know nothing about it. I trates the vice that I intended to indicate a few moments ago, of never heard it whispered before that a man on salary was paid a having an institution that is a part of the Government and yet ·separate sum for duty performed while he drew the salary. not of the Government and not directly undt;Jr the control of it; Mr. HANDY. Well, I will whisper that now·into the gentle- its money disbursed by men who take no oath of office and seem to man's ear in the presence of the House of Representatives. . feel no very great responsibility for the manner in which they Mr. HITT. I have not heard it before. I heard stories of too spend it. great expenditure la-st winter when we were discussing the bill, and Mr. HANDY. If the present Director has been as good are­ I examined into the details of the deficiency; but I had not heard former as you say, his predecessor must have been a gentleman there was any charge that any man drawing a salary was paid w4ose administration gave wide room for reform. extra sums for personal service_ done during the time he was Mr. BITT. I can not listen with apparent assent to an asper­ salaried. · sion upon the character of a man whom many in this House knew Mr. HANDY. Just one more question before I am through. for so long a time and thought of him so highly. I was not ac­ This proviso at the end of the bill. that the Public Printer is au­ quainted with him myself. He may have had too great zeal-the thorized hereafter to print this Monthly Bulletin is in effect an faults of an enthusiast in his work; lmt he was a pure, upright, additional appropriation, is it not? . and broad-minded man, and he sacrificed himself more than he Mr. illTT. Yes, it will cause some additional expenditure to asked anybody else to sacrifice. He worked himself to death in print additional copies. his devotion to this great task. He had been in the past well Mr. HANDY. That is an expense that the Bureau is now known in this House. He left an absolutely stainless reputation. meeting? TI·ue, he embarked in many enlargements of the Bureau that we Mr. HITT. No; t.hose 5,000 copies are not now printed. now think were not fully warranted by the appropriations made, Mr. HANDY. Oh, yes; excuse me. and all gentlemen who are in charge of Executive Departments Mr. IDTT. The 5,000 copies are not printed. This is to print ought to be, but are not always, bound b y;; the limits.of the appro­ 5,000 more than are printed at present. They can not print enough priations as made. to meet the demand now. Mr. BAILEY. He clearly ought to be bound by the law mak­ Mr. HANDY. The bill does not say 5,000 additional. It says: ing the appropriations. That the Public Printer be, and he is hereby, ·authorized to print an edi­ Mr. BITT. That is true. tion of the Monthly Bulletin, not to exceed 5,000 copies, for distribution by the Mr. BAILEY. But it seems that this Bureau· was a law to it­ Bureau from month to month during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900. self. At present the Bureau is printing an edition and is paying for Mr. BITT. In all of the Departments there are sure to be some it, so that this is in effect an additional appropriation beyond bureaus exceed the appropriations more or less every year. · the 836,000. Mr. BAILEY. That is the curse of bureaucracy. Whenever Mr. BITT. Oh, the gentleman ·is mistaken in thinking that a government begins to gqvern through bureaus that is always that is to pay the whole expense of printing the Monthly Bulletin. true. It is because the receipts of the Bureau from advertisements and Mr. BITT. You can not conduct the Government without hav­ otherwise under the present provision will not sustain the cost of ing executive officers in the Administration. The gentleman's the publication of a sufficient number of copies of the Bulletin to political friends had large deficiencies in Department appropr!a­ answer the demand. tions every year, but nobody charged that they were necessarily Mr. HANDY. Let me ask the gentleman right there­ dishonest. . Mr. BITT. Wait a moment. The Director says: Mr. BAILEY. We have had no friends in charge of this Gov- I have no doubt that the continuance of the present policy as to advertis­ ernment for a long time. · ing will, within a comparatively short time, result in placing the Bulletin Mr. BITT. There were eight years in which you managed to upon such a basis that its circulation mpy be increased, the character of the contents greatly improved, and its expenses provided for independently of get up a great deal of confusion. . Government contributions. Mr. DOCKERY. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him in This was also the theory of Mr. Furbish, the. late Director, to this connection the number of employees now in the service of make it pay for itself. this Bureau and the salaries paid to each of them? The w.atuitous distribution of the Bulletin in the United States has entailed . Mr. BITT. I only have the sum; I have not the number of expenditures which, it seemed to me, were not warranted by the Bureau's persons.

·' 1899. CONGRESSION~L RECORD-HOUSE. 611 ~·

Mr. DOCKERY. Of the $36,000 appropriated, how much is advised by the chief of customs that there will be no inconvenience expended for clerical service? Has the gentleman that total? in this matter by this discontinuance of consuls. He says: , Mr. HITT •. I have not. This report that I have before me, Although section 3 of the administrative act requires that all invoices sball which is a detailed one, from July, 1897, to June 30, 1898, indi­ be "produced to the consul," yet section 2844, Revised Statutes, is unrepealed · and this Department has held that, in the absence of any authorized consui cates there are items for" compensation," but not specifically for in any consular district, the certificate of two respectable merchants may be " clerical services." received as full compliance with law. · Mr. DOCKERY. I want to submit this-- Therefore the continuance of consular officers in Cuba, etc., does not seem . Mr. HITT. From February 5 to June 30, 1898, is a sum of to me necessary to avoid embarra&~ment to business interests or loss and inconvenience to the Treasury. Certificates from two respectable merchants $19,000 "compensation," which I take to mean compensation of upon any invoice from the countries in question would furnish the means of individuals. legal entrv in this country. Mr. DOCKERY. Has the gentleman's committee made any In my opinion, such certificates would generally afford as reliable guaran­ inquiry as to the number of people employed? ties of accuracy as consular certificates. Mr. ffiTT. We have not. Now, I heartily indorse the last sentence, because if there is any Mr. DOCKERY. I suggest to the gentleman that he secure public document of little value, it is a consular certificate to an this information before we reach the consideration of this item invoice. under the five-minute rule. I am satisfied he can get it by tele­ Mr. CANNON. Would not my friend the chairman of the graphic inquiry. I also desire to suggest to the gentleman, for committee consider favorably an amendment, at least as far as whose judgment I have the very highest regard, the impropriety consideration is concerned, from the gentleman from Missouri of .increasing this appropriation. This is an appropriation made [Mr. DocKERY], creating a government down there in Cuba that under a provision of a convention to encourage trade with certain could receive our consuls? [Laughter.] . South American Republics, but these Republics are confronted Mr. DOCKERY. If the gentleman will allow me, I want to say with such revolutionary or unsatisfactory conditions that many of in reply to the diplomatic suggestion of the gentleman from Illi­ them are five years in arrears in their payments to this Bureau. nois [Mr. CANNON] that the Government of the United States is Now, I suggest to the gentleman the inquiry whether it is wise committed to the policy of allowing the people of Cuba to estab­ to increase this appropriation, in view of the fact that these Gov­ lish a "stable and independent government." I know that up to ~rnments are not able, because of the conditions to which he has this time it has perhaps not been practicable for them to do so. referred, to make their payments, and thus increase the burdens But I had indulged the hope that the Cubans would be permitted of taxation upon our own people. You increase the direct appro· to establish such a government earlier than eighteen months from priation from $36,000 to 852,000, an increase of $16,000. You also this time. This bill only begins to operate on the 1st of July next increase the tax burdens to the extent of the cost of the 5,000 and runs for twelve months. It is nearly six months from this additional publications entitled The Monthly Bulletin. Now, is date to the beginning of the next fiscal year. not that a correct statement of the provisions of the bill? Mr. HITT. Congress will be in session soon after that. We Mr. HITT. The effect of the bill will be to increase the expendi­ were con~idering a practical question of expending money, and tures of· the Government to the amount of the cost of printing did not wish to expend it where it was not required, and this was 5,000 copies beyond the amount of $16,000. That is substantially the place where we thought it was not required. what the effect of the bill will be, and it wholly depends upon Mr. DINSMORE. I want to say on behalf of the minority of your opinion of the value of the work. the committee, that it must not be taken by this House as any Mr. DOCKERY. But I am submitting to the sound judgment evidence on the part of any member of the minority of the Foreign and discretion of the honorable chainnan of this committee that Affairs Committee of an intention that there shall not be carried the work under this convention was projected for the purpose of out in good faith by the Government of the United States ~he increasing our trade with South American Republics. The gen­ resolution which was passed in this Congress; and as the chair­ tleman says the 1·evolutionary conditions that have obtained in ma.n of the committee has well said, the reason why the appropria­ those tropical countries have been such that many of the Govern­ tion was not made for the consuls there is because there would be ments are five years in arrears. nobody to pay this money to for the time being, and it was for the Now, then, these Governments being unable to make the pay­ purpose of restricting the expenditures of government within ments to which the gentleman has referred, does he, as chairman practical and economical limits. of that committee, think it wise to impose additional burdens of There is not a member of the minority of the Foreign Affairs taxation on the United States of certainly $16,000 of new appro­ Committee who is not as much opposed to the continued author­ priation, and a total, perhaps, of 820,000 or 525,000, when you have ity of the United States in Cuba as the gentleman from Missouri added the cost of the 5,000 additional copies of the bulletins vro­ [Mr. DoCKERY] who has made this criticism. We all know that vided for? I hope the gentlemen of the committee will review that the United States Government will take its hands off at the earliest matter before we reach the paragraph and consent to continue the moment practicable and allow the people to conduct a government current law in respect to the Bureau. of their own, in accordance with our declared intention. I desire to make another inquiry, with the permission of the Mr. DOCKERY. Mr. Chairman, I sympathize with the com­ gentleman from Illinois, and then I am through. I notice that all mittee in reporting an economical bill-- the salaries heretofore provided for the consular service of the Mr. HITT (interrupting). I have been somewhat surprised at island of Cuba have been omitted from this bill. the position of the gentleman from Missouri, for the first time be­ Mr. HITT. Yes. ing opposed to our restricting expenditures. Mr. DOCKERY. I regret to note that omission, because the Mr. DOCKERY (continuing). But the gentleman from Illi­ omission of the salary of the consular agent at Havana of $6,000 nois, the chairman of the committee, by reason of his long experi­ and the salaries for other consuls in the island of Cuba evidently ence, is fully a ware of the fact that appropriations for the consular contemplate~, at least on the part of the Committee on Foreign service of the island of Cuba could not be expended until the Affairs, a continuance of military rule, a government by the President appointed consular agents there. sword, during the coming fiscal year. Mr. HlTT. They are now appointed, and we want to stop their I had hoped that in some way the existing military government pay. might be terminated at a much earlier date, and the people of Mr. DOCKERY. They were appoint¢d consular agents when . Cuba allowed to establish a stable and independent government, Cuba was under the Government of Spain. The gentleman from to which the United States is solemnly pledged by its voluntary lllinois surely does not insist that the Comptroller of the Treasury declaration made at the beginning of the war with Spain. would hold that under existing conditions these consular agents Mr. HITT. The consuls and other officers who would be sent could draw their salaries under the old appropriation. to represent us in Cuba, etc., must be accredited to some foreign I sympathize with the zeal of the gentleman from illinois in his power. The ports to which they will go are all now in the pos­ efforts to secure economy in the public service. I am glad to have session of United States officers. These consuls have been away his aid in that direction. ·But I am anxiously looking for a speedy during the war, and have not been doing a.nything for months. termination of the government of the sword on that island, and I Our committee were not disposed to go through the form of ap· had hoped that the gentleman or the Administration would in­ propriating to a body of men not on duty a lat;ge sum of money augurate a policy so that at an early day military rule there could when they were rendering no services and when there was no give place to the civil authorities. one to whom we could accredit them. . The question we had in Mr. HITT. I can assure the gentleman that the Committee on mind was a pra.ctical one, and for the benefit of the committee I Foreign Affairs, so far as I can tell from long experience in that went to the Department of State and the Treasury Department to committee with gentlemen on both sides, will meet, whenever it find out as to the convenience of the public in the matter. The may arise, the practical question as to the expenditure of the committee wanted to economize, if we could, but not to econo­ public money for these offices. mize at the expense of the public interests. Now, Mr. Chairman, if there is no other question to be .Pro­ Mr. DINSMORE. If the chairman of the committee will per­ pounded in regard to the details of this bill, I will ask my friend mit me one moment. from Arkansas [Mr. DINSMORE] to proceed with the general Mr. HITT. In one moment, as soon as I have finished. I am debate. 612 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. JANUARY 12,

Mr. DINSMORE. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentleman from plea of American liberty are forbidden to enter. It will be a Tennessee [Mr. CARMACK] two hours or such part thereof as he country where yon could not teach the people th~ Declaration of may desire to occupy. Independence without teaching that the government you have Mr. CARMACK. Mr. Chairman, this country has lately con­ established -Over them is a tyranny and that rebellion against it ducted a successful war for a declared and definite purpose. would be a duty and not a crime. Go search the history of your The President of the United States is now waging another war country and find me, if you can, a precedent for this. upon his own responsibility and for purposes of his own. The This policy, sir, is not only a departure from precedent, it is in country's war was fought to destroy military despotism in a neigh­ utter contempt of the most solemn warnings of the wisest, purest, boring island and to confer the blessings of liberty upon its peo­ and most clear-sighted statesman of this country or of the world. ple; the President's waris to establish despotism in another coun­ At the risk, sir, of exciting a smile of derision, I must beg leave try and to destroy the liberties of its people. The first war was to ask the attention of this House to the wise counsels of the for liberty and humanity; the second war is purely for conquest Father of his Country: and dominion. The fu·st war was blessed of Heaven and approved Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none or a very re­ by the enlightened conscience of mankind; the second war is a mote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it crime against liberty, and the curse of God is upon it. [Ap­ must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary plause.] With the people of the Philippine Islands, whom our vicissitudes of her politics or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her armies are sent forth to slaughter, we have no other cause of friendships or her enmities. Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a. different course. If we remain one people under an quarrel than that which the wolf had with the lamb. [Applause efficient government, the period is not far off when we may defy material in­ on the Democratic side.] jury from external annoyance; when we may take such an attitude as will But I do not rise, sir, to plead the cause of another people. For cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to be scrupulou::;ly 1·e­ spected; when belligerent nations, under the impossibility of making acquisi­ the sake of my own country and for the welfare of my own coun­ tions upon us, will not lightly hazard the giving us provocation; when we trymen I make my humble protest against launching this nation may choose peace or war as our interest, IJUided by justice, shall counsel. Why upon a career of conquest and "criminal aggression." I protest forego the advantages of so peculiar a Situation? Why quit our own to stand against this policy, for one reason, because it is an abrupt and vio­ upon foreign ground? Why, by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European lent departure from those established principles and rules of con­ ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, or caprice? duct which have conducted this nation to glory and power. I To the same effect spoke the immortal Jefferson in his first mes­ protest again because this departure, violent and revolutionary as sage to Congress. it is, is being taken without forethought and deliberation, with­ :::lir, it seems to me that thesB are words of far-seeing wisdom. out pausing to measure the consequences, because it is at best a It seems to me that the fullness of time has wrought out in full blind leap into the dark. measure the prophecy and hope which Washington and Jefferson These, Mr. Chairman, as I conceive, are the principles which expressed, and that we should rejoice in the fact that this country have heretofore controlled the territorial policy of our Govern- at last stands absolutely impregnable against any foreign foe, yet ment: • happily exempt from all the perils, the strifes, and the burdens First. The political sovereignty and dominion of the United which beset the nations of the older world. States should beconfined to the American continent. We should It seems that we have at last reached that happy stage when we make no aggression upon other continents and suffer none upon may easily command the respect and friendship of every nation in our own. ·- · , the world, when every nation is eager to have our good will, and Second. We should preserve a compact and continuous terri­ when we may pursue the paths of peaceful industry undisturbed tory; no scattered and distant possessions in other parts of the by international hatreds, unvexed by wars or rumors of war. And world. it seems to me that of all conditions this is the happiest for any Thira. We should never, as we value our peace and security, nation and that we should read with wonder and admiration the enter the perilous domain of European politics, with its fierce co~­ words of those great men who prophesied that this time was com­ tentions, its masked hatreds, its treacherous alliances, its knavish ing and prayed that it might come. But no; it seems that these diplomacy, its wars and rumors of war. · wise counsels have decayed with time and lost their virtue. Fourth. All the territory held or to be acquired by the United One of the champions of this new doctrine disposes of all the States should be with a view to its admission into full and equal wisdom of the fathers of the Republic by saying that it was milk partnership in our sisterhood of States. The blessings of liberty for babes,. but that we must have meat for the full-grown man. and of free government were intended for every nook and corner Yea, let us have meat! And so om· mighty Nimrod of the White of our dominions. No place was made in our system for political House has gone forth into the wilderness to bring food fit for the serfs and vassals living beyond the pale of constitutional protection proud stomach of this stalwart generation I Away with the coun­ and governed by a military despotism under the American flag. sels of Washington and of Jefferson! Away with these nursing [Applause.] bottles of our infancy! Come, let us feast like heroes on this raw 'l'hese, I say, are the principles which have heretofore controlled and bloody joint from the Philippine jungles! the policy of this country in the acquisition of territory. It is Mr. Chairman, I may not have got beyond the tastes of infancy, true that Jefferson acquired the Territory of Louisiana, and that but to me it seems that Washington's Farewell Address is yet be· at one time favored the peaceable acquisition of Cuba, an p.roper food for full-grown American freemen and that the nasty island lying in our own waters and practically a part of this con­ and reeking mess that is set before us is fit only for obscene birds tinent. It is true also that we subsequently admitted Texas into and beasts of prey. [Applause on the Democratic side.] ·the Union and ac.quired other territory by cession from Mexico; But, Mr. Chairman, it is not simply the authority of Washing­ but all these acquisitions were entirely in accord with the princi­ ton and of Jefferson which we oppose to this imperialist policy. ples I have laid down, and our opponents forget to mention that We bring you that authority approved and ratified . by every suc­ Jefferson, in the very letter to Madison advocating the purchase ceeding generation of American statesmen from the birth of the of Cuba, declared with emphasis hiS opposition to acquiring dis­ Republic to this how·. tant possessions or possessions which we must build a navy to That which was the policy of Washington and of Jefferson bas defend. They forget also that President Polk, in his message to been the policy of every American President except William Mc­ Congress congratulating the country upon the successful issue of Kinley. It was reasserted by Mr. Cleveland in his Venezuelan mes­ the Mexican war, repeated with impressive earnestness the very sage with as much emphasis as by Washington in his Farewell language of Jefferson warning his country against entering the Address or by Jefferson in his first message to Congress. When Mr. domain of European politics. Cleveland said in 1896 that it was the established policy of this In all the history of our territorial acquisition there is never a Government to keep itself free from all political entanglements parallel for that which is now proposed. Heretofore our acquisi­ with foreign powers, to remain isolated from their politics and tions have been confined entirely to our own continent. With their quarrels, there was not a solitary voice of dissent from that the single exception of Alaska, they have all been of contiguous sentiment from any citizen, any statesman, or any newspaper in territory, and have sel'Ved t-o fill out the measure of our empire to the land. the limits which God and nature have prescribed. However much other features of that message were condemned, With the exception of Texas, where we admitted a sovereign I repeat that the principle that we should make no aggression State by the expressed consent of its own people, we have not an­ in other continents and suffer none upon our own received the nexed populations, but uninhabited territory. This territory, in universal commendation of the people of the United States and the fullness of time, has become peopled with men of our own the members of this and the othElr House. It was sanctioned and race and blood, worthy to possess the rights and powers of Amer­ approved, sir, by these very men who now scoff at and despise it. ican citizens, and has been organized into communities, worthy to If, one year ago, Mr. McKinley had been asked to expresss his be admitted as States of the Union. You can not, from all this, opinion of Washington's Farewell Address, he would have an­ extort a single precedent for the forcible annexation of distant and swered that he believed every word of it with all his heart and barbarous archipelagoes, where men of our race can never live and soul. Such would have been the answer of every member of this thrive. House. It is now proposed to acquire territory, not that it may be the But, Mr. Chairman, I do not claim that because this has been home of a free and self-governing people, but to set it apart as a the established policy of the Government it must necessarily and land accursed-a land into which the Constitution and the princi- for that reason continue to be so for all time to come. I have 1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 613 little respect for those who blindly resish the future simply be-l Republican Congressional committee, was also struck dumb in cause it is not the past; but I have still less. for those childish the presence of so grave a question, and gave forth no expression creatures who delight in novelty for its own sake, to whom every whatever. new doctrine is a new toy, who are ready to renounce with dis- Mr. Chairman, I have examined the platform declarations of gust every established faith for no other reason than that their thirty-one Republican State conventions, which, I believe, were fathers believed it, or to embrace with eagerness every new scheme practically all that were held during the late campaign. Of this or. theory for no other reason than that they never heard or number there were just two which declared unequivocally and in thought or dreamed of it before. plain terms in favor of annexing the Philippine Islands, and there If the policy proposed will redound to the honor of this nation, were two others whose utterances seem to bear that construction. to the peace, happiness, and prosperity of its people, I am as will- There are three or four others whose utterances may or may not ing as any man to unlearn all the veneration I have been taught be so construed. to feel for the wisdom of the fathers and the traditions of theRe- There were thirteen of these conventions which made no refer­ public. We only ask, sir, that they shall not be cast aside with- ence to t~e question whatever. Five of them mentioned it only out mature deliberation; that this grave step shall not be taken to refer the matter back to Congress and the President as a ques­ upon the sudden and passionate impulse of the moment. We say tion upon which they had formed no opinion. Two of them ex­ that it should not be done until we are in possession of all the pressly confined their demands to the establishment of coaling knowledge necessru.·y to a comprehensive survey of the problem stations in the Philippines, and four of them simply declared that is before us; until with conscientious care we ·have sifted all against delivering the islands back to the tyranny and oppression the arguments for and against it; until we have scrutinized and of Spa.in, without expressing any opinion in favor of annexation tested all its supposed advantages, and weighed them in the bal- by this country, while the great State of Massachusetts declared ance against the perils, the costs, and the consequences. squarely against annexation and in favor of granting the people Can it be claimed that anything of the kind has been done with of the Philippine Islands, equally with the people of Cuba, abso­ reference to this question? We know that it has not. We know lute liberty and independence. that the imperialist programme was born of the passion of war, Sir, what is tlle meaning of this remarkable absence of expres­ and that it has been conducted with an intolerance, a bitterness of sion upon a question of such momentous importance to the Ameri­ scorn and invective, utterly inconsistent with a reasoning and can people? What does it signify that the dominant party in this judicial temper. We know that at the beginning of this war with Congress, with all the power of the Administration behind it, Spain such a policy was not in the minds of the American people, could not command an unP.quivocal declaration in favor of its pol­ that it had never for one hour occupied the thoughts of American icy in half a dozen States of the Union? In spite of all the pressure statesmen. and influence that could be brought to bear, its party conventions If at any time before Dewey's great victory in Manila Bay it stood stubborn or irresolute upon the brink of a policy so da1:k had been suggested that this country enter upon a career of with trouble, so thick with perils, so full of problems new to their colonial empire, that it should become the ruler of barbarous knowledge and experience and to the history and traditions of dependencies 10,000 miles from our seat of government, the sug- their country. gestion would have been overwhelmed by one universal voice of How dare you trample under foot the unbroken precedents of protestando£ condemnation. Itisfollytopretend, sir, that there the nation; how dare you uproot the most firmly established bas been time and opportunity for any adequate consideration of principles of its national policy; how dare you enter upon a ca­ so momentous a question. reer so utterly at variance with the teachings and traditions and Ag!llin, Mr. Chairman, I insist that no government has a right ideas of the Republic without first having obtained the deliberate to change a policy long established and universally approved with- judgment of the American people? [Applause.] out the expressed consent of the people authoritatively declared. This, sir, is a pertinent question. It is a question which de­ Dare any man say that the people have expressed their appro ba- mands an answer, and it is a question which has not been answered", tion of this policy? If so, show me where that expression is Our friends sometimes, it seems to me, try to shift the re!'lponsi­ recorded and by what means and through what instrumentality it bility for their course upon the flag. The flag being up, it can not was conveyed to this House. be taken down. We are to infer, I suppose, that if it were not Mr. Chairman, the voice of the imperialist thundered through- for this embarrassing attitude of the flag their com·se would be out the late campaign from one end of the country to the other. very different; but wherever the American flag has once been The question of territorial co.nquest, and particularly of annex- raised, they tell us, there it must remain forever. ing the Philippine Islands, was daily and. with "damnable itera- Mr. Chairman, this is simply one of those sounding phrases tion" forced upon the attention of every citizen in every village, with which the literature of the imperialist campaign so greatly town, and hamlet in the land. All the arts of persuasion, all the abounds, but which, even when uttered by a President of the appeals that could be made to pride, to passion, and to cupidity, United States, does not contain one grain of reason or one grain were exhausted in the effort to tempt and seduce the minds of the of truth. Neither this nation nor any other civilized nation in American people. I challenge gentlemen on the other side of the modern times has ever acted upon such a maxim. Chamber to review the history of that campaign and answer me The flag of this country has waved over the City of Mexico, over by the record, Where is your authority from the American people the halls of the Montezunfas, but it was taken down and brought to make this stupendous change in the cQurse and policy of the home with honor. It bas waved over Tripoli, in Africa; but I Government? thank God we did not leave it there. The flag of England has I answer for you that you are acting without the sanction of the waved over Kabul and Kandahar, in Afghanistan, over the south­ people, without even the sanction of your own party. In State ern provinces of Persia, over the Ionian Islands. It has-waved in after State the Republican party met in convention during the triumph even over the capital of France. Yet in each case it was late campaign and either passed this great question in utter silence removed not only without the loss of prestige, but with added or dismissed it in language so vague as to express nothing but glory and honor. If our war with Spain had been protracted, our doubt, misgiving, or the absence of any formed or definite opinion. flag would surely have waved over the coast cities of Spain, and In the President's own State of Ohio the Repub1ican party the same argument, if such miserable balderdash may be called frankly admitted that it had no opinion of its own on this ques- an argument, would have required ns to maintain our sovereignty tion, and pushed it aside with a pathetic expression of confidence ove1· the entire Spanish peninsula for all time to come. in the wisdom of the Administration and of this Congress. In The question, sir, whether a flag should be lowered depends very the great State of Maine. represented in very large part by the lru.·gely upon the purpose for which it was raised. When a flag is Speaker of this House and by the leader of the majority on this carried from home for a particular purpose, and that purpose has floor, it could get no nearer to the question of expansion than a been entirely accomplished, I can not see that there is any dis­ declaration against the free and unlimited coinage of silver at the honor in bringing it back. Our flag was not raised over the city ratio of 16 to 1. [Laughter.] of Manila for the purpose of annexation. It went there to strike The Congressional convention which nominated the Speaker of a blow for the Cuban people, who were struggling for their free­ this House had not one word to say in favor of a policy so dear to dom. It did not go there to subjugate another people, who were the heart of the Administration; and the gentleman himself, I be- also struggling for theirs. [Applause.] lieve, was as dumb as his convention. Whether he "stood mute You think it is a glorious thing to plant our flag in that far­ of malice or by the visitation of God" is a question with respect distant country, but you do not int-end that any freeman's eyes to which I have no opinion. [Laughter.] The convention which shall ever behold it; that any freeman shall ever stand beneath its nominated the distinguished gentleman from Maine [Mr. DING- folds. You intend that it shall be separated forever from all the LEY], the honored leader of his party on this floor, and who, I noble principles and aspirations with which it has been associated trust, for his own sake, as well as his party's and his country's sake, from the hour in whlch its glorious colors first floated to the breeze. will be spared to lead it for many years to come [applause], tiptoed [Applause.] Would I take it down? I answer that when I find by this question with its fingeruponitslips; but the gentleman him- the flag of my country an exile from its na.tive land, languishing self gave utterance to some very signiliqant remarks, to which in an uncongenial clime, drooping above timid serfs and crouching later on I shall beg leave to direct the particular attention of this slaves, 7,000 miles from the nearest freeman, I would take it down House. The State represented in part by the distinguished gentle- and I would bring it home to wave over free men in a free conn­ man from Wisconsin [Mr. B.ABDOCK], chairman of the Nati<;mal try. [Loud applause on the Democratic side.] 614 CONGRESSIONAL REOOR.D-HOUSE. JANUARY- 12,

You say that the people of the Philippine Islands are not fit for irritation and of conflict with nations of the 01<1 World, it has American freedom. I answer that a land that is not fit for a free· b.een ~hieflydue tol?rvered and dispersed over the seas is wresting from her the commercial primacy she has so long enjoye

When we come to put the matter to the test of reason and of the real truth, as demonstrated by" actual trial,"is that which the fact, it is difficult to understand how Great Britain derives any Democratic party has been b·ying to impress upon our wrong­ material strength from her colonial possessions. These posses­ headed manufacturers for the last thirty years. Our manufac­ sions are of two characters: The self-governing colonies, like turers, according to this statement, have been the victims of Canada and Australia, which have been populated largely by Eng­ Republican sophistry. The political economy of the Republican lishmen, and the Crown colonies of the Tropics. In regard to the party has resb·ained American enterprise from a splendid career former it may be said that the only visible connection they have of conquest in the open markets of the world. [Applause on the with the mother country is the obligation they impose upon her Democratic side.] of defense and protection. Her statesmen are constantly' plagued The expansion of our exports in manufactured goods began and harassed by the disputes in which they are ever ready to en­ under a Democratic tariff law and has increased by leaps and gage with foreign nations, and she must be ever ready to support bounds ever since. In 1893 our exports of manufactures were and protect them with the whole power of her army and navy and $158,000,000. In 1894 they had increased to 8183,000,000; by 1896, at any cost of blood and trea-sure. to S.228,000,000, and by 1898, to 8288,000,000. And all this, sir, has And what does she get in retu ? They do not pay a single been accomplished with ease and in spite of our utter lack of expe­ dollar into the imperial treasury nor accord a single privilege to rience in foreign markets. British commerce. England would not dare to levy a tax of a The progress thus begun still continues with constantly accel­ single farthing upon their property nor to impose a single restric­ erating rapidity, and }t only needs organized effort and ·a more tion for her own benefit upon their trade. On the contrary, they careful attention to the local tastes and requirements of foreign levy their protective tariffs against her products as against those markets to utterly distance all competition. So overwhelming of other countries. The English merchant must trade there on has been our success tha.t in certain important lines, as in iron and equal terms with the rest of the world. He can not sell them a steel, our greatest rivals have acknowledged our supremacy and dollar's worth of goods unless he can put down a better article or have abandoned the field. Sir, with this record, I ask, Where is at a cheaper price than any competitor in the world. . the necessity for embarking upon a new and dangerous experi­ As to the other class of colonies, I do not believe that any well­ ment for the extension of our foreign n·ade? Has it not been informed Englishman would se1iously contend that they are demonstrated that we are already masters of the situation? worth one tithe of the blood and treasure they have cost. It is Gentlemen tell us that" ti·ade follows the flag." This is one of now acknowledged that the British West Indies are utterly worth­ the many maxims that have gained currency by virtue of their less to Great Britain. India, however, is usually regarded by sententious brevity, which is the onlyvirtue they possess. When people who have not stopped to measure the costs against the the devil wants to give currency to a particularly vicious false· profits as a possession of inestimable value. Such, however, is hood, he casts it in the form of a proverb. There is no truth in not the opinion of intelJigent Englishmen. I call the attention of the saying that trade follows the flag. Trade cares for nobody s the House to the following statement from an accomplished and flag. Its concern is with price lists and profits. Sentiment cuts learned Englishman, Professor Brice, the author of the American no figure at the bargain counter, and one flag is as good as another Commonwealth: on the Rialto. India imposes enormous liabilities upon Britain, responsibilities which any Mr. Chairman, let us put this maxim to a practical test. Eng­ check to the prosperity of Britain or any peril menacing her from European land is the great colonial power of the world. France comes next enemies might make it difficult to discharge. Having got India, Britain will not voluntarily abandon it, but mo!lt prudent English statesmen have held in the extent and population of its colonial possessions. Ger­ that had Britain been able to foresee the course of events she ought rather to many's colonial possessions are unimportant, and her trade with have refrained from conquering India, eo great are the risks and liabilities her own colonies is insignificant. The United States have no that now attach to it. colonies. Here upon the one hand are two colonial powers, and Note the fact, Mr. Chairman, that Mr. Brice does not give this powers that are constantly stretching every nerve to gain new as simply his individual opinion, but as the opinion held by a ma­ possessions; on the other hand two noncolonial powers. If there jority of English statesmen. When-we come to look at facts and is any truth whatever in the maxim about ti·ade and tbeflagsurely statistics it is ·easy to understand the ground for this opinion. it ought to appear in comparing the statistics of the foreign com­ While India imposes enormous liabilities and is a constant source merce of these nations. of danger, it offers no field for the overflow of English population But, sir, the important fact appears that for a series of years the and its trade is insignificant in comparison with the vast number export trade of Great Britain and of France, the two great colonial of its inhabitants. It continues to be the home of a wretched and powers, has been steadily declining, while the export trade of the impoverished people, as alien in race, religion, and civilization as United States and Germany has been as steadily and continuously they were two hundred years ago, ready whenever opportunity increasing. The nations without colonies have been steadily ab­ offers to rise in bloody insurrection as they have done in the past. sorbing the trade of the nations with colonies. This proverb, sir, The imperialists expatiate upon the importance of extending our will have to be amended to suit the facts. The trade of the United foreign trade as though the question of colonial empire and the States and of Germany seems to have followed the flag of Great question of foreign trade were one and the same. Mr. Chairman, Britain, for nowhere is the falling off in England's exports m9re if we had exhausted every other means of extending our foreign marked than in her own possessions. trade and had failed, I might, as a mea-sure of despair, be willing I beg leave to present to the House a few figures from official to venture upon this desperate experiment; but has our experience British statistics. In 1895 Mr. Chamberlain, British secretary demonstrated that we need colonies for such a purpose? On the for the colonies, issued a dispatch to governors of colonies with contrary, without a single colony in the world, our export trade the object of ascertaining to what extent British goods were being has for years been increasing with a marvelous and unexampled displaced by foreign products in the colonial markets. The answer rapidity. showed that foreign goods were capturing a constantly increasing The reports of our consular officers everywhere attest the great percentage of the colonial trade. The returns are designed to and growing popularity of American manufactured goods. This show the progress of foreign competition during the decade end­ is especially true with respect to all manufactures of iron and ing in 1894. The average value of the import trade of the colonies steel, labor-saving machinery and tools, boots and shoes, leather, for the three years taken to represent the decade was: furnitp.re, bicycles, electrical supplies, hardware and cutlery, locomotives, cotton goods, etc. The entire world has been startled Colonial imports from- and amazed at the giant strides that have been made in our export Year. Total im- trade, both in agricultural and manufactm·ed products, in the last United Britis? pos· Forei&"D ports. few years. There has never been but one serious obstacle to the Kingdom. sesswns. countries. building up of foreign markets for American manufactures, and 1883 ------·------·- $327,047,155 $193, 961, 860 $179,004,475 $700,013, 490 that obstacle has been the obstinate perversity of our manufac­ 1884------·--- 31.5, 960, 150 196, 002, 600 178, 168, 505 690, 131, 255 turers themselves: They had but to enter the world's markets to 1885 ·------297,369,070 193, 283, 190 185, 190,845 678,843, 105 obtain the mastery easily and at once, but they have preferred to hug the shores rather than venture out on the sea. Average------313, 458, 790 195, 415, 865 180, 787' 940 087' 995, 950 The Chief of the Bureau of Foreign Commerce, Mr. Frederick 1888 ------·-- 29-!, 321, 330 2'20, 555, 9-W 184,253,().1{) 699,130,31 0 Emory, in his introduction to Review of the World's Commerce, 1889 ---·------322, 273, 405 202,377,775 180, 784, 140 761,435,Bm says: 1890------··· ·--- 000, 297' 440 241, 345, 835 198, 712, 865 740,356,140 Until quite recently it. was a common impression in foreign countTies, as Average ______005, 630, 725 238, 093,185 189, 916, 680 733,64D,590 well as in the United States, that the higher wages paid in the latter would always operate to the disadvantage of our exporters in the competition for 1800------· 281, 224, 205 215,897,865 199, 661, 440 696, 783, 510 the sale of manufactured goods abroad. Actual trial, however, seems to 1894------···------268, 595, 200 210,226, 280 220, 200, 2(5 699, 021, 7'Z5 have proved that, owing to the greater producing capadty of the American . 297,826,085 216, 310, 135 220,000,190 734, 496, 410 operative with the aid of labor-saving machinery, the real cost of United 1895 ---·------States g-oods in many lines of manufacture is lower than that of many prod­ Average ______282,548,495 2U, 16-i, 760 213,387,290 710, 100, 550 ucts in European countries, and that the America.n exporter is thus enabled to meet his foreign rival on equal terms or even to undersell him. Mr. Chairman, '' this common impression" is one which it has This table shows, sir, a startling decline in the exports of the been the special business of the Republican party to create and United Kingdom to the British colonies and an equally startling 1899. ~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 617 increase in the exports of foreign conntries to those colonies. They because of their supposed ability to endure the climate, and em­ show that but little more than one-third of the imports of the colo­ ployed to survey a railroad route, fully one-half of them died. nies come from the United Kingdom. The table I have presented Another illustration was the experience of the Spanish force sent is taken from the Blue Book published by the British Govern­ out to quell some insurrectionary natives. Of this force 80 per ment in 1897. In the introductory memorandum to the volume cent were disabled by fever, and, as Professor Worcester says, it is said that the facts are even worse than appear in this table; ''the men died faster than the priests could shrive them." that- The experience of armies of other nations in tropical . colonies The reports revoo.l a general opinion in the colonies that the importation ought to be carefully considered before we subject our own to a of foreign-made goods has increased in much larger ratio than is shown by the similar fate. Mr. Edward Atkinson has recently called public returns, which notice only the port of sl,rlpment. attention to the medical statistics of the English and French It is further said that- armies in their tropical possessions. These official reports show that fully 50 per cent of the English troops in British India and The countries most frequently mentioned as seriously competing with in Hongkong are affiicted with the foulest and most loathsome British goods are the United States and Germany. diseases-diseases which not only wreck the health and happiness As illustrations of the remarkable strides made by these two of the victim, but which perpetuate their curse upon his descend­ countries in capturing the colonjal trade of Great Britain it is ants unto the third and fourth generation. Into this hell of death noted that in Cape Colony the United States has increased its and disease we propose to send our American soldiers, the very trade in carriages and wagons about twenty fold and now has flower of our American youth, to rot in malarial camps, to perish more than 50 per cent of the trade; that in the Straits Settlements in fever-infested jungles. And what, sir, are we to get for the Germany has increased her trade in bread and biscuit fivefold and American money and the American manhood we are to sacrifice? now holds some 50 per cent; in Victoria the United States has Trade-the magnificent trade of the Philippine Islands! 80 per cent of the trade in hammers, and to Tasmania the United Mr. Chairman, the net cost of simply maintaining peaceable pos­ States and Germanynowexport66i percentof all the implements session of the Philippines can hardly be less than 530,000,000 per of industry. annum. According to the Review of the W 01·ld's Commerce, the Right under the shadow of England's flag, on her own territory, total imports of the Philippine Islands are valued at $10,000,000 her trade is being seized and appropriated by her rivals. Sir, why per annum. But if the correct figures be three times that sum, should we incur the burden and the danger of colonial empire and if every dollar of these imports should come from the United for the sake of trade when other nations are willing to bear the States, and every dollar be a clean, clear profit, it would only pay burden while we get the trade? We sell two dollars' worth of the bare cost of possession. goods in Canada under the English flag where England herself But even this little pitifdl trade is not to be reserved for the sells one. An English trade paper a few months ago exclaimed American people. We propose to keep open door there; and as a with alarm that England's colonies were being "flooded" with foretaste of our hospitality, and by way of illustrating the maxim American steel rails. that" trade follows the flag," the very food supplies for our sol-:­ That flood, sir, continues to grow in volume. Only a few days diers in the Philippine Islands are purchased from England's ago an American firm sold 30,000 tons in the British colony of Australian colonies. England gathers the first fruits of our glo­ Victoria against English competition. We sell steel rails in h·e­ rious conquest. We send thousands of soldiers there and then land and in Bombay. We sell thousands of tons of Tennessee spend the taxes of the American people to purchase the products and Alabama pig iron right in England. The President in his of our rival with which to feed them. A most promising and message called attention to the ..fact that only a short time ago a auspicious beginning for this new American market! thousand tons of American ship~plates were sold to English ship­ But it is argued that in some way the capacity of this market builders on the Clyde. We sold 80,000 tons of American steel rails and its demand for American products will be tremendously en­ a few days ago for Asiatic Russia. larged under the influence of American capital and American en­ As an illustration, Mr. Chairman, of this separation of the English terprise. I beg to know, Mr. Chairman, just how this is to be flag from English trade, I call attention to the fact that British ex­ accomplished? If we are to build up any large and permanent ports to India were less in the year 1895 than they were ten years demand for our products in the Philippine .Al:chipelago, that de­ before, that her exports to Australia and New Zealand were con­ mand must come not from a few millionaires who may invest siderably less, and her exports to Canada less than they were forty their capital there, but from the great body of its inhabitants. years ago. Her trade with Egypt has not materially increased, if The value of every market rests at last upon the purchasing and it has increased at all, since the Britjsh protectorate was estab­ consuming power of the mass of its population. lished over that country. Now, unless you can work an almost miraculous transforma-· England sells more manufactures to Germany and France than tion in the character of the average Filipino, I can not understand to all her colonies and possessions combined. As for her import how you are to mahe him an enormous consumer of American trade, she is a.s dependent upon foreign countries for the goods goods. The great mass of the people have a low standard of liv­ she consumes as she was fifty years ago. Mr. Chairman, I respect­ ing; are content with the bare necessities of life, which they can fully submit that these facts are a complete refutation of the fal­ procure with little effort, and, like all tropical people, are exceed­ lacy that trade follows the flag, and gentlemen m:ust look about ingly averse to manual labor. A number of them in the interior them for some other argument to support their programme. are utter savages, who have not even reached the breech-clout And now, sir, I wish to inquire, what is the pecular value of stage of civilization. [Laughter.] the delectable possessions which the President of the United States, No sensible man believes that there will be any migration of upon his own responsibility, is waging a war of cm:;tquest to ob­ people of our race either from this country or elsewhere to the tain? Mr. Chairman, let us pause for a moment to measure the Philippines. People of our race do not thrive and will not live in cost of om· new possessions with the profits we hope to gain from tropical countries. They surely will not seek a home in the them. I have here a careful estimate made by an eminent statis­ deathly and enervating climate of the Philippine Islands. We tician, Mr. Edward Atkinson, showing the increased cost to the must rely almost entirely upon the native population for the ex­ taxpayer of this imperial -policy. tension of our markets. According to this statement, which seems to be a careful and con­ And as the hope of extending our export trade with this country servative one, the annexation of Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Phil­ depends upon a people who do not consume, so our hope of de­ ippine Islands will result in a decreased revenue, by the admission veloping its resources depends upon a population that will not of their products free of duty, and an increased expenditure, ag­ work. 1\Ir. Chairman, if we study the experience of other na­ gregating $15 for every average family, or $3 for every man, wo­ tions in dealing with tropical colonies, we find they have been no­ man, and child in the land. But this, sir, is not all. We must where successful from an industrial and commercial point of maintain an army of perhaps 50,000 men in the Philippine Islands view, excep.t where a system of forced or indentured labor. or, in and subject them to all the diseases of that tropical climate. other words, a modified form of human slavery, has been adopted. The advocates of annexation have not scrupled to represent the This is true in the Dutch colony of Java, where every able-bodied Philippine Archipelago not only as an Eldorado of wealth, but as man is compelled by the Government to labor at such employ­ a perfect paradise of health and beauty. But the uniform testi­ m ent as the Government shall name, and for such time and such mony of every impartial witness is that it is the deathliest climate remuneration as the Government shall prescribe. in the world, and that the1·e is not a day in the year when it is If we turn to Dutch Guiana, where the natural advantages are possible for a white man to endure the sun. It is a country where in every way equal to Java. but in which no system of forced labor smallpox is universal; which is occasionally scourged with Asiatic prevails, we find nothing but idleness, poverty, and decay. The cholera in its most terrible form: which is cursed with all manner same is true of the British West Indies, in which a moderate de­ of fevers, from a slow and jnsistent fever, which gradually saps gree of prosperity has been attained only in those islands where the vital energies, to a -sudden and violent form which runs its East Indian indentured labor has been imported, bound for a term course in a few hours. ending in black vomit and death. of five years, and practically the slaves of their employer for that Prof. Dean C. Worcester, himself an advocate of annexation, tells time. The British Royal West Indian Commission, which re­ some plain truths about the climate. One illustration·of its un­ ported on this system a few years ago, declared that it was neces­ heal thfulness is given in the fact that of fo~ty men carefully selected sary to the carrying on of the sugar estates. A like system has 618 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. JANUARY· 12, prevailed in Hawaii, and some of" its beneficiaries have stoutly very little encouragement from history. If all this can be ac­ claimed that it was absolutely necessary. complished in China, I beg leave to ask why it has not been ac­ In other words, Mr. Chairman, if we expect to make our trop-­ complished in British India? ical colonies yield a prompt and ready profit we must adopt a prin­ For one hundred and fifty years India has been exploited by ciple of slavery or of involuntary servitude, which is forbidden by British capital, has occupied the ablest minds of British statesmen, our Constitution. Perhaps, however, our imperialist friends will while no effort and no expense have been spared to make it- a val­ be able to keep the Constitution out of our new possessions. Such, uable market for English goods. And what, sir, is the result? The at least, seems to be the view of one of them, the Hon. Chauncey 250,000,000 people of British India purchase from all the world Depew, who holds up the Dutch colony of Java, witli its cruel, only about twice as much as the 5,000,000 people in Canada. In merciless, and oppressive system of government slavery, as an ex­ other words, Mr. Chairman, a retail merchant in Canada would ample for our imitation in the Philippine Islands. Sir, if we shall sell more goods for more money in a single transaction with a permit Chinese or East Indian labor to be imported under contract single individual than a retail merchant in India would in twenty­ and held to involuntary servitude in our colonies, if we shall con­ five transactions with twenty-five individuals. It takes twenty­ sent to reestablish the principle of human slavery under' the Amer­ five times as much time, twenty-five times as much trouble, ican flag, then we may make it possible for a few syndicates and a twenty-five times as many transactions, twenty-five times as many few adventurers to amass private fortunes without adding appre­ salesmen to sell one dollar's worth of goods in British India as it ciably to the wealth or the comfort of the Amerioan people. does in British America. The reasons for this are clearly set forth But we are told, Mr. Chairman, that the Philippine Islands are in the answer given by Consul-General Van Leer Polk, of Cal­ not wanted merelyfor their own sakeorforthe direct advantages cutta, an able and accomplished gentleman, to the questions to that are to accrue from their possession. Our imperialist friends which I have before referred in regard to American flour. He tell us that thev are to be to us what Hongkong is to Great Britain, says: a sort of fulcrum by means of which we are to prize open the jaws Flour can never figure in the bill of fare of a people as poor as the inhabit­ of the Chinese dragon and pour the products of American industry ants of India. An able-bodied agricultural laborer earns about $1.80 per into his capacious and omniverous month. But, sir, befort3 we month; a common blacksmith, mason, or carpenter will get $·!.00 per month. proceed to copy Great Britain's example in this particular would In many parts of India it would not be more than half of this. it not be just as well to inquire what advantage that country has Mr. Chairman, no market can be greater than the purchasing derived from the possession of Hongk01:,1g and to what extent she power of its people, and 6 cents a day measures the purchasing has thereby increased her trade with China? power of the people of Indja, Their standard of living is far Now, the plain facts are that Britisa trade through Hongkong, below that of a farmer's dog in the United States of America. both export and import, has for years been steadily decreasing, They work for barely enough to keep them alive in times of and with alarming rapidity. In 1880 the exports of British prod­ plenty and perish by the hundreds of thousands in times of scarcity. uce to Hongkong amounted to £3,778,000. In 1895 it amounted to This, sir, is British India after a century and a half of British £1,897,000. In 1880 the exports from Hongkong to Great Britain rule, after millions upon millions of dollars have been spent in were £1,250,000, and in 1895 they were £759,000. In other words, building railroads to give its people easy access to the market, Mr. Chairman, Groat Britain's exports to Hongkong have de­ after millions upon millions have been spent for irrigation to fer­ creased about 50 per cent and her imports from Hongkong have tilize its lands, after every effort has been made to develop its re­ decreased about 40 per cent. The aggregate of her exports into sources and improve the condition of its people. both China and Hongkopg have decreased from £8,800,000 in 1880 What reason have we to hope, sir, for better results in China? to £7,150,000 in 1895. On the other band, the trade of Japan with They. too, have a standard of Jivillg that would mean utter starva­ Hongkong has been 1·apidly increasing. tion for an American dog. There is simply nothing comparable In all our calculations with respect to the Chinese trade we must to it among the very lowest classes of the United States. In ad­ not forget that there is Japan and British India right at the door, dition to their extreme poverty, there are no people in the world and the chances are that for an indefinite period Asiatic industry more stubbornly averse to change. They are petrified in the hab­ will be able to supply a large part of the demand for Asiatic con­ its, the prejudices, and superstitions of ages. Bring a Chinaman sumption. These demands, Mr. Chairman, are by no means so to the United States, let him be sun-ounded on all sides by the extraordinary that the whole world must be kept working over­ influences of our civilization, and he still retains the dress, the cus­ time to supply them; for if gentlemen will only condescend to dis­ toms, and the habit.."! of his fathers. We may as well hope to bring cuss this question with the dull precision of facts and statistics back the bloom of youth and beauty to the cheeks of an Egyptian all the gorgeous pictures of the inestimable wealth of the Chinese mummy as to infuse the glow and vigor of Western progress into trade will fade like the baseless fabric of a vision. the dead and dried civilization of the Chinese Empire. In 1896 the people of China purchased from all the world about But we are told, sir, that the opening up of China means the $158,.000,000 worth of goods, or about 40 cents apiece for each of building of railroads there, and that this means a new market for its 400,000,000 people. Such, sir, is the present state of their trade, American iron products. But, sir, for what purpose are these rail­ and there are serious obstacles in the way of any material increase. roads to be built? We are told that they are to develop the great One is the difference between the monetary standard of that coun­ internal resources of China. Then, sir, I beg to know something try and our own. Every fall in the gold price of silver means to more of these great resources before I grow happy over the pros­ the Chinese consumer an increase in the silver price of all products pect. We are told that there are vast fields of coal and iron ore of gold-standard countries, while in the meantime his tael or ounce and other minerals ready for the developing touch of American of silver will buy as much as ever of.the food to which he has been capital, and that there is an abundance of cheap labor there which accustomed. This fact is recognized in the consular reports, both can be made wonderfully effective under the organizing and direct­ of this country and of Great Britain, as a serious obstacle to the ing genius of American enterprise. increase of our Chinese trade. I have seen it stated that there are vast areas in China that will Another serious obstacle is the extreme poverty of the people. grow an excellent quality of wheat and that cotton can be suc­ Several years ago the State Department addressed a circular to our cessfully cultivated in its river valleys. If this, sir, is what the consular officers, containing a series of questions concerning the opening up of China means, I beg leave to say that I can not grow prospects for advancing sales of American flour in foreign coun­ enthusiastic over the prospect. It means, sir, that American cap­ tries. Among these were the questions: " What is the standard ital is to be diverted from the develonment of American resources of living in your district?" "Are the people ready to eat Ameri­ and the employment of American labor to the development of can flour~" "If there are any obstacles in the way of extension Asiatic resources by the employment of Asiatic labor. [Applause.] of trade in American flour, what are they?" The almost universal It may mean vast fortunes to a few syndicates of American cap­ answer to these questions from our consuls in China, Japan, and italists, but where will there be any profit to the American peo­ British India, was that the standard of living among the people ple when the vast agricultural and mineral resources of China are was miserably low and that they were simply too poor to purchase poured out into the markets of the world in competition with the American flour. products of American labor? Why should we heap higher and Mr. Chairman, I doubt whether the wa~es of a Chinese or East heavier the burden of taxes on the American people; why should Indian laborer for a whole month would purchase a 25-pound sack we maintain a vast army and navy to defend distant possessions; of American flour laid down in his own country. And remember, why should we waste the flower of our youth in the deathly Trop­ Mr. Chairman, that at the time when these questions were asked ics; why should we maintain military rule over conquered prov­ and answered the price of wheat was down to 50 cents a bushel. inces 10,000 miles from the seat of government; why should we Even when the price of wheat is so low that it means ruin to the embroil ourselves in European quarrels and bring the nation into American farmer, it is so high as to be an impossible luxury to perpetual danger of war merely that we may open the way for the people of China. · American syndicates to crush American industry with the weight But we are told, sir, that when China is opened up to the influ­ of Asiatic competition? Sir, once before the effort was made to ences of Western civilization it will in some way work a tre­ unite .American capital with Chinese labor here in our own coun­ mendous increase in its consumption of foreign and especially of try, but the American people declared that this unholy union American goods. This, Mr. Chairman, is a mere supposition, a should not be consummated on American soil. [Applause.] mere hope, which has little basis in reason and which receives It is now proposed that the nuptials shall be celebrated in 1899. - ~ONGRESSION.AL . RECORD-·. HOUSE. 619

China, but the American people are not only required to dance at The history of our dealing with .the American Indian has been the wedding but to pay the fiddler. rLaughter and applause.] properly characterized as a " century of dishonor." We have Sir, if American capitalists choose to p1ant investments in China never made a treaty with them that we have not shamelessly. and and cultivate them with Chinese labor, we have no right to for­ flagrantly violated. We have given them over to be plu.ndered bv bid them; but I protest against this Government being made a thieving Indian agents, embittered them by wrong heaped upoi1 party to the transaction. I protest against making American wrong and outrage heaped upon outrage, debased and inflamed labor pay the cost of its own deg-radation. I protest against the them with strong drink, and when in the passion of despair thev American people being taxed for the destruction of American in­ have risen in revolt, we have shot them down by hundreds and dustry~ [Prolonged applause.] thousands. The cynical maxim that'' there is no good Indian but Why, sir, should we be so eager to find new fields for American a dead Indian" has been the guiding principle of our Indian policy. capital? Have we exhausted all the opportunities and fu1ly de­ We have acted throughout·upon the idea that the only way to im­ veloped all the marvelous resources of our own country? Sir, we prove the Indian is to kill him. We have first made him as bad have yet a comparatively virgin territory, with a population of as possible by injustice and whisky, and then made him "good" only 23 persons to the square mile, against 250 in Germany, 370 with powder and ball. in England, and 570 in Belgium. We have yet vast areas of vir­ We have done but little better with the people of Alaska. Our gin and uncultivated soil. We have vast forests that have not yet civilization has brought them little except the wanton desb.·uction echoed to the woodman's ax. We h.ave great mountains swollen of their means of livelihood, misery, misgovernment, and mean with their accumulations of mineral wealth. Why should we whisky. [Laughter.] scatter our American dollars amid the paupers of the Orient or the What sort of '' Christian civilization" will flourish under carpet­ jungles of the Tropics? bag governments established over a helpless people 10,000 miles Sir, in the Southern States of this Union there are mountains of away-people who will have no voice or power or influence in untouched mineral wealth, there are vast areas of cheap but fer­ the government that is over them, who will have no representa­ tile lands, there are tempting opportunities in almost every field tive on this floor and no powerful friend to cry their complaints of industrial activity for the profitable investment of American aloud? Sir, if the. carpetbag governments to be established over capital. There is not a dollar of available capital in the United these people are not to be a thousandfold better than some we States that could not be planted in the South in field or factory, have had in our own country, may God have mercy upon them! in mill or mine and yieldaswiftand surereturn; and every dollar [Applause.] of these investments, sir, would go to the purchase of American But we are told, Mr. Chairman, that it is time for this nation material; would go to the development of American resources; to make a stir in the world. We must make ourselves known would go to the payment of American labor; would help to bring and felt and feared. We must establish our prestige among the peace and prosperity and happiness to American homes. [Loud nations. Our imperialist friends seem to be ashamed of the his­ applause.] tory of their country. They are humiliated by the thought that Sir, till this craze for territorial expansion began the eyes of the we have had so little part in the quarrels and contentions, the whole country were beginning to turn toward the South as a war and bloodshed, and plunder which fill the pages of European · profitable field for investment. Since that time, in many of the history. Sir, I believe I have as just a pride in the glory of my newspapers, even of my own section, I have read columns of country as any living man; I have as earnest and as genuine a flatmting hyperbole in regard to the tremendous wealth of our desire that it shall'" hold a high and commanding position among new possessions and the matchless opportunities there for the in­ the nations of the earth; but I have no pride whatever in such vestment of American capital to where I have read a single line vulgar glory as this nation may gain in swaggering about the of sober truth about the resources of my own country. So far, seas brandishing its weapons under the noses o.f mankind. [Ap­ sir, from wishing to promote emigration of American capital and plause.] enterprise I would concentrate all the powers and energies of the If, indeed, Mr. Chairman, this Republic has not· possessed the American people, their capital and their labor, their industryand power and the dignity of a great nation, if it has not wielded that their enterprise to develop the wealth ancl resources of the United power with justice and moderation as well as with firmness-and States of America. [Loud applause.] When you have done that, courage, if it has left no lasting impression on the character of the sir, you will not have a man nor a dollar to spare for the Orient age, if it has given no new hope or thought or aspiration to man­ or for the Tropics. [Renewed applause.] kind, if the world is no better for its having lived, and the dawning But, Mr. Chairman, our imperialist friends are gentlemen of century no bri~?hter with promise, then indeed, sir, 'is the history boundless resources and infinite versatility. They know how to of this Republic a story to be read with sorrow and with shame. touch the highest and noblest as well as the lowest and basest [Applause.] springs of human action. If there are those who are not lured by But, sir, wherein has it failed of its high mission? And wherein the prospect of an expedition of plunder, they are exhorted with has it failed to command the respect-nay, the love and hom­ pious fervor to join in a holy crusade. If a man listens unmoved age-of mankind? Gentlemen seem to think that our country or unconvinced by the argument of gain, he is then invited as a was unknown or forgotten of men until their attention was at­ last resort to join the movement for the love of the gospel. tracted by the roar of its artillery. It is true, sir, that we have There are in the imperialist camp Christian knights, who smite had but little p:ut and been but little considered in the quarrels for the love of God, as well as roaring freebooters, who are frankly and plots and dark intrigues of European governments; but it is "out for the stuff." [Laughter;] We are to go forth now on a none the less true that no nation has occupied a larger space in mission of civilization and Christianity as well as of bloodshed the thoughts of men, from the very highest to the very lowest. and plunder. Our distinguished Secretary of the Treasury a few Go to any library of the world, and you will find that this na­ days ago blessed mankind with a brilliant maxim to the effect tion has been th~ subject of volume upon volume by the ablest that the principles of Christianity and 5 per cent profits may go historians, philosophers, pqlitical economists, and political scien­ hand in hand. tists of every country. Our history, our political institutions, · Mr. Chairman, perhaps they may; but I doubt whether any man our social and economic conditions, our wealth and power, our in a really Christian frame of mind ever thought of the two in the industrial growth and greatness, and every form and phase of our same connection. [Laughter.] I doubt whether any man ever national life and history have been ably and exhaustively treated did an act for the love of Christ and also for 5 per cent, and I by the very masters of literature in every language of the world. think that this maxim should be read in connection with the Though we have but little more than passed the first century of twenty-fourth verse of the sixth chapter of Matthew. The man­ our existence, yet it is no exaggeration to say that this country is ner in which our imperialist f:iiends make their appeals to suit and for years has been the subject of keener inquiry and pro­ different motives and characters reminds me of the argument founder thought by the great minds of the world than nations _made by Emanuel Downing in the old colonial days of Massachu­ with a thousand years of blood and crime behind them. [Ap.' setts in favor of waging war upon the Narragansett Indians. ''If," plause.] said he, " the Lord should deliver them into our hands, we may This, sir, is the tribute paid to us by the learning and schola,r­ easily exchange them for negro slaves, whereby we will have much ship of the world, and we have but to look at the statistics of gaynefull pilladge;" besides, he added, "I doubt if it be not synne immigration to learn that our country is the center of attraction in us to suffer them to maynteyne the worship of the devil, which for the common people in every land and clime. There is no their powwowes often doe." [Laughter and applause.] country so distant and no people so ignorant that they do not Mr. Chairman, it is certainly a very pleasant situation when we know of this country, that they do not look to and love it and can earn the blessing of Heaven and get much" gaynefull pilladge" long to breathe its free air and embrace its glorious opportunities. at the same time; when we can serve God and Mammon by the same Sir, a nation thus known and thus honored does not need to act; when we can tread the path of Christian duty made radiant proClaim its presence in the world by the shouting of its captains with the hope of 5 per cent profits. [Great laughter.] But, Mr. and the thunder of its guns. It does not need to scrawl its name Chairman, if our dealings with the new races that are to come across the page of history in the red blood of mankind. [Pro- under our protection are to be characterized by Christian mercy, longed applause.] · or even by the coldest principles of pagan justice, I must frankly And while, sir, we have been no party to the shifting plots and say that we shall do much better in the future than we have done counterplots of European politics, we have not been without in­ in the past. fluence in shaping the policy of governments and the history of 620 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. J ANUARY 12; n ations. On the contrary, it is impossible to overestimate the Ours is a r epublican form of . government in law and in fact, influence which we have exerted over other nations, and it is all and I deny that the Federal Government has any expressed or the more honorable and all the more glorious that it has not been necessar ily implied power to create or maintain permanently an enforced by bloodshed and battle, by the siege and sack of cities. unrepublican form of government. Hence a colony which is un­ The a.ll-conquering American idea is steadily making conquest of republican in form and in fact has no place in our American the world, and before its bloodless but irresistible assault the bat­ system. A colony is totally dependent upon unbridled legislation tlements of tyranny and of kingly power are crumbling one by of the lawmaker, while we, as a people, are protected from our one. fApplause.] lawmakers by the Federal Constitution and the powers that are If these glorious moral conquests are not enough to satisfy the reserved to the States and to the people. We are not dependent; pride of every American citizen, there still remains the fact that we are independent. • we have never failed to command from the greatest milltary pow­ Mr. Chairman, it is not the main purpose of my speech to differ­ ers of the world the utmost respect for this nation's rights, and entiate between colonies and our territories, which are properly to enforce them when occasion required by appeal to arms or by dominated "inchoate States," but to show from the very highest the menace of war. We forced England to forego the right of authority that we have no power, regardless of how we acquire it, search and impressment; we forced her and all the nations of Eu­ to "hold" territory save for future States. rope to recognize the right of expatriation, the right of a subject to But I will stop for a moment to briefly compare our American renounce allegiance to his king to become the citizen of a republic. colonies under the British colonial system with our territorial sys­ When Austria seized the Hungarian refugee,_M artin Koszta, tem. I contend that a colony has no present "right" of future who had declared his intention to become an American citizen, statehood. Hence it is unrepublican, un-American, and is a an American commander clea.red his ship for action and enforced "form" of government contrary to the spirit of our institutions, the demand for his surrender at the muzzle of his guns. to every State constitution, and to our Federal Constitution. We forced England to pay an indemnity for her gro.ss violation The inhabitants of our Territories, whether acquired by treaty, of her neutrality obligations during our war of secessiOn. cession, war, or otherwise, as our past history shows, have the With a word and a gesture we compelled Napoleon III to with­ present r ight of future statehood, while a colony bas no present or draw his army from Mexico. ultimate r ight of statehood. Our Territorial system is the very We brought England to her knees in the Venezuelan. matter opposite of the British colonial system. Our people in the Terri­ for merely treading upon the shadow of the Monroe doctrme. tories are entirely independent in some of their rights because Though we have never been in the European sense a great mili­ protected by the F ederal Constitution, and semidependent in tary power, yet the potential military force of this country has others-statutory legislation, for instance-while in the British been more awe inspiring than the mightiest armies of the world. co!onial system the people are entirely dependent upon the will While the actual display of our military strength has been small and wish of the lawmakers, who can do or not do, as it suits them. in times of peace, yet every nation of the world has understood Mr. Cooley, in his Principles of Constitutional Law, page 37, the tremendous and unconquerable power that was behind it. draws this same deadly parallel. In speaking of our 'Territorial [Applause.] and the British colonial system, he says: Mr. Chairman, neitherforhonornor for power, for glory nor for In this dependence of the Territories u-von the central Government there is gain is it necessary for us to reverse the traditional policy of this some outward r esemblance to the conditions of the American colonies under the British Crown; but there are some differences which are important and, Gov~rnment. Every consideration of honor ~ and of duty com­ indeed, vital. The first of these is that the Territorial condit ion is understood mands us to be true to the principles which are woven into the under the Constitution to be merely temporary and preparatory, and the very texture of our Republic. The advocates of imperialism, sir, people of the Territory, while it continues, are sure of the right to create and establish State institutions for themselves as soon as the population shall be can not rightfully claim. to. be the agen~s of a new and a~vanced sufficient and the local conditions suitable; while the British colonial system idea. The idea from which they depart IS new; that to which they contains no promise or assurance of any but a dependent government in· 1·eturn is old-as old as sin, and hate, and greed, and lust, and definitely. war, and murder. Mr. Chairman, note the language used: "Our Territories have Inst.ead of advancing with the new spirit and purpose which the right to create and establish State institutions for them­ came into the world with the birth of this Republic, they would selves as soon as the population and conditions are suitable." In retmn to the old medi::eval spirit of force and c.o?quest wh_i~h t~is other words, Mr. Uhairman, the people of our Territory have the nation was born to destroy. [Applause.] This new sprrit, SI~, "right" to transform themselves into a State for the purpose of the spirit which breathes "i? t?e Declaration of Inqependence, IS admission into the Union, where they can establish State institu­ the hope of this co:nn~·y; It 1s the hop~ of mankm~. Th~ day tions for themselves. While, as I have stated, the British colonial which saw the begmnmgs of a new nation upon this contin~nt system is the very opposite to our Territorial system, and contains was the sunrise hour of human freedom. It was a day which "no promise or assurance of any but a dependent government in­ comprehended the centuries, which bore within its fruitful womb definitely." . not alone the fate of a struggling nation, but the destinies of all I contend, sir, that a Territory has the right to become a new mankind. Here at this perilous point of time the cruel spirit of State in this Union when in certain condition, whether Congress the past was met and vanquished by the spirit o~ the years to ?om.e. rightfully or wrongfully admits it or not, the right remains that it The Declaration of Independence was the vmce of one crymg m has the ''right" to be admitted; but is without power to coerce the wilderness '' Prepare ve the way of freedom and make straight admission save by appealing to the ballot box through the States. its paths." It'was a cry which sounded with clarion clearness to These TelTitorial inhabitants have the right guaranteed to them the uttermost parts of the earth, and at its call the vain dreams of to ''petition" for statehood, which bas been so held officially by philanthropy suddenly took form and substance, the murdered GeneralButler when Attorney-General of the United States when hopes of other years sprang up in living vigor from the tomb, and Arkansas asked to be admitted as of '' right" under the Louisiana the sown blood of ten thousand martyrs burst into bloom and cession and its provisions. blossom from the ground. Sir, it was not amid the pomp and Now, the coloJ+ies have no such right. They might petition ~nd splendor of imperial power that this new h?pe was given to man­ the petition be received as a matter of courtesy, but I am talkmg kind. From the very Nazareth of the nations came the prophet about right, the collective and personal right of the people of OUJ.' of human liberty, and here in this rude manger of the wilderness territory. was cradled the political redeemer of the world. [Prolonged Mr. Cooley draws a second distinction between our Territorial applause.] and the British colonial system at page 37. I read: Mr. DINSMORE. I yield to the gentleman from Tennessee The second is that above given, that the p eople of the AmeriCtlll Territories [Mr. GAINES] thirty minutes, or (if he should require so much are guaranteed all the benefits of the princ1ples of constitutional right which time) forty minutes. protect life, libert y, and pr operty, and may defend t hem under the law, even as a o-ainst the action of the Government itself; while in the colonies these Mr. GAINES. Mr. Chairman, I deny the .power of the United p~ciples were subjects of disput e, and if e.dmitted would be within the con· States to hold territory for any other purpose than to make State~ trol of an absolute imperial legislature, which might overrule them at will. of it, except it be acquired as property for the use and benefit of Here Mr. Chairman, is a clear distinction drawn between the some particular department of Government. For example, a Ameri~an colony under the British Crown and our American Ter­ coaling station, a port, a harbor, an arsenal, a navy-yard~ or. a ritm·ies protected under the Federal Constitution, made after we military reservation may be legitimately acquired and the btl~ m had crushed out, root and branch, by' the Revolution, this op­ fee passed to the United States for the purpose of promotmg pressive British colonial system. Under that system we were trade or the public defense or in carrying into effect some ex­ totally dependent upon the will of the British lawmaker. We pressed or necessarily implied power of the Federal Government. threw that yoke off and transformed o_urs ~lves int~ fr~em en and These and similar acquisitions are held by the United States guarded our rights by a law, the Const1tut10n, that 1s higher than Government as proprietor and are not held as political dependen­ any statute of Congress or any treaty we may make, both f~ll­ cies or colonies. ing as null and void if contrary to tha_t sa~red instrument,. W1th Mr. Justice Marshall at an early date laid down this indisputa­ this deadly parallel between our Terntonal system, our mchoate ble rule construing our Constitution: State system, and the American colonial system under the British Tbe Government of the United States can claim no powers which are not Crown, how is it possible for a colony or a dependency to find granted to it by the Constitution; and the powers actually granted must be s uch as are especially given or given by necessary implication. (Martin vs. lodgment anywhere in the Federal Constitution? Hunter , 1 Wheaton, 326. ) That the Federal Constitution applies to the Territories " within 1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 621

the j nrisdiction of the United States" is now '' no longer an open proved that the territory was held in trust for the future States question," if -we are to go by the ruling of the Supreme Court of that might be carved out of it. the United States. That the Constitution applies throughout our I shall now show in addition to our past political history that possessions adds another reason why a dependency or colony has the courts, State and Federal, have held that such territory is no place within the limits of our Constitution, because our Con­ held, however acquired, in trust for future States. stitution guarantees and teaches and upholds the very rights that Are the Philippine Islands destined to become States? Inevita­ the colonial system repels and disowns. To put at rest this appli­ bly so, unless in the general holocaust of toppling principle our cation or nonapplication of the Federal Constitution to our Ter­ courts are reversed and principle and precedent set at naught. ritories I beg to read a few words from the noted case of Thomp­ I shall endeavor to show that the moment the title of the United son vs. Utah (170 U.S.), where the court cites the Morman case States to the Philippines attaches-which occurs when we I"atify (136 U.S.), and approves the holding of the latter case, quoting the treaty with Spain-that moment a trust sets up in favor of !rom it as follows: "the future State;" that the title vests in the United States only Doubtless Congress in legislating for the Territories would be subject to as trustee for the States in embryo; that both State and Federal those fundamental limitations in favor of personal rights which are formu­ courts hold that while we can acquire territory by conquest or lated in the Constitution and its amendments. treaty, it is held or to be held in trust for "the future States," to This is the law expounded by this court of last resort, which is use the language of the courts. in keeping with other cases that I shall allude to. For instance, Upon "this point, Mr. Chairman, I desire to read from Cooley on the Nelson case (30 Federal Reporter), and the "Slave Case," re­ Principles of Constitutional Law, page 187. That distinguished ported in 31 Federal Reporter, decided by Justice Dawson under jurist says: writ of habeas corpus, sworn out by an Indian slave of Alaska. The Constitution also provided that new States may be admitted by Con­ There are numerous other ca.ses in point. The court gave this gress into the Union; but wbeth~r they should be formed of territory at that slave his freedom because the Constitution of our country ap­ time belonging to t he States, or from territory that might thereafter be acquired, or take~ in as existing States previously independent, was not ex­ plied and for bade slavery. And as I pass from this point I may add pressly determined by that instrument. By the ordinance of 1787, however, that nearly all the cases are reviewed and reaffirmed in the Thomp­ which the Constitution left in force, it had been agreed that States not ex­ son case alluded to, holding that the people of the Territories are ceeding five might be formed from the Northwest '.rerritory and rece~ved into the Union; and it m.1.y be assumed as unquestionable that the constitu­ entitled to jury trials and to twelve jurors, neither more nor less. tional provision contempJated that the territory then under the dominion of Mr. Cooley draws a third distinction between our Territorial and the United Sta tes, but not within the limits of anyone of them, was in due American colonial systems. H~ says: . time to be formed and organized into States and admitted into the Union, as There is also a difference in respect to taxation, which, though not so has since in many cases been done. striking, is still important. The Territories levy their own taxes for all pur­ I desire to call especial attention to the language which follows: poses, and they are never taxed separately for national purposes, but only as parts of the whole GQuntry and under the same rules and for the same Indeed, it could never have been understood that any territory which by purposes as are the States. Nor is it intended to realize from them any rev­ purchase, cession, or conquest should at any time come under the control of enue for the National Treasury beyond what is expended by the United the United States should permanently be held in a Territorial condition, and States in their interest. (Page 38.) the new States, which have been formed of territory acquired by treaty, must be supposed to have been received into the Union in strict compliance Chancellor Kent in severe terms condemned our Territorial sys­ with the CoDBtitution. tem because it smacked of the British colonial or dependent sys­ After alluding to the fact that Texas was not "acquired" as ter­ tem. It put and kept the people subordinate to "and dependent ritory, but, being already a rree and independent State, was ad­ upon the will of Congress," he said. But there is and has always mitted into the Union under the express provision of the Consti­ been this saving clause that marks clearly a distinction between tution which ordains that Congress shall have power to admit the two systems that I have already stated, that the colony had no new States into the Union, this great lawyer says, page 188: present right of future statehood and that the Territory did have And when territory is acquired, the right to suffer States to be formed a present right of future statehood, and I may add here that the therefrom and to receive them into the Union must follow, of course, not policy of this Government has been to turn these Territories jnto only because the CoDBtitution confers the power to admit new States with­ out restriction, but also because it would be inconsistent with institutions States of the Union a.s rapidly as propitious, with some exceptions founded on the fundamental idea of self-government that the Federal Gov­ that have been wrongfully denied. Chancellor Kent says: ernment should retain territory under its own imperial rule and deny the ''All admit," said Chief Justice Marshall, •• the constitutionality of a Terri­ people the customary local institutioDB. torial government." But neither the District of Columbia. nor a Territory is a State within the meaning of the Constitution or entitled to claim the privi­ But, Mr. Chairman, I am not confined, I am gratified to say, to leges secured to the members of the Union. This has been so adjudged by the opinions of men who have been illustrious as law writers and the Supreme Court. Nor will a writ of error or appeal lie from a Territorial men who have made it their business to fathom and construe the court to the Supreme Court unless there be a special statute provision for the mysteries of our constitutional law. purpose. If, therefore, the Government of the United Stat-es should carry mto execution the project of colonizing the great valley of the Columbia or In corroboration of the position I have taken I now appeal to the Oregon River to the west of the Rocky Mountains, it would afford a subject highest court in the civilized world, our own Federal Supreme of grave consideration what would be the future civil and political destiny Court. of that country. "It would be a long time before it would be populous enoagh to be Cl'eated In the case of Shively vs. Bowlby (152 U.S.), Mr. Justice Gray, into one or more independent States, and in the meantime, upon the doctrine speaking for the court, pays deservedly high tribute to the briefs taught by the acts of Congress and even by the judicial decisioDB of the submitted by the eminent counsel, ex-Attorney-General of the Supreme Court, the colonists would be in a state of the most complete sub­ ordination and as dependent upon the will of Congress as the people of this United States, Mr. Garland; the distinguished jurist, Mr. Dillon; country would have been upon the King and P arliament of Great Britain if the late Senator Dolph, and our Hon. W. C. JONES, now a member they could have sustained their claim to bind us in all cases whatsoever. of this House, saying that they were so able and elaborate and dis­ •• Such a state of absolute sovereignty on the one hand and of absolute de­ pendence on the other js not congenial with the free and independent spirit closed such a diversity of views that the court was constrained to of our native in~>titutioDB, and the establishment of distant Territorial govern­ enter upon a full review of the authorities. Turning on the m ents, ruled according to will and pleasure, wouJd have a very natural searchlight, guided by such great lawyers, the review went to the tendency, as all proconsular governments have had, to abuse and oppression." (1 Kent's, page 385.) bottom of the authorities and brought them up to almost this very date-1893-and there can therefore be no dispute as to what He reprehended the establishment of ''distant" Territorial gov­ the law now is. ernment-that is, our form of Territorial government, because, as he said, it "would have a very natural tendency, as all procon­ Justice Gray said: (1) The territories acquired by Congress, whether by deed or cession from sular governments have had, to abuse and oppression.!' Yet we the original State or by treaty with a foreign country, are h eld with the ob­ see these Territories grow out of their infancy and become States, ject, as soon as their population and condition justify, of being admitted and have the "right" to do so under our institutions; but the into the Union as States, upon an equal footing with the original States in all respects; (2) and the title and dominion of the tide waters and the land colony must remain an infant, always dependent and ruled by an under them are held with the United States for the benefit of the whole unbridled power. people, and, as this court has often said in cases above cited, "in trust for Now, Mr. Chairman, just here let me say, if our own Territorial the future States." system here at home is thus reprehended, though coupled with Notice the language: "Is held in trust for the ·futm·e State," the right of future statehood, as I shall show, should we not halt, whether it is acquired by treaty, acquired by cession, or acquired, consider well, look about before we go, not to Columbia, not to as California was, by conquest and treaty. And if you will turn Oregon, not to the West, but beyond this side of the Pacific Ocean, to the case of Cross vs. Harrison, in 16 Howard, 164, of which I 10,000 miles "distant," and "hold" a people, not as a colony or am now reminded, you will :find there that the court held that the dependency that I have described, but under our own Territorial very moment we ratified the tre.aty with Mexico California be­ system? carr..e a part of the United States, within its jurisdiction and I shall now proceed to show by undoubted authority that we within the protection of our Federal Constitution, have no right to "hold" the Philippines permanently as a colony The court in that case said: or dependency or territory, because they are entitled to ultimate By the ratifications of the treaty California became p art of the United statehood, the very thing which we know we can not give them, States. (Page 197.) we must give them. In this Cross case the court also held that a tariff tax collected by FUTURE STATEHOOD. our military government in conquered territory (now California) I contend that our past histol>\Y' shows that our territorial acqui­ was properly levied and collected and paid, though under protest, . sitions have been turned into States, with a few exceptions un­ and the importer could not recover; that when the treaty was rati­ justly made, and that this change from Territory to statehood fied with Mexico that territory became a part of the United States, 622 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 12,

and that the tariff thereafter paid was leviable and recoverable ing for the whole court, said on the question of the title to an under our regular tariff laws, which applied throughout the terri­ island half a mile from shore: tory of the United States, including the then new Territory, now Although the title to the soil under the tide waters of the bay was acquired California, and that the importer could not recover a tax, though by the United States by cession from Mexico, equally with the title to the paid under protest; that the tariff laws of the United States ap­ upland, they {United States) held it only in trust for the future State. plied, and had to apply, under the Constitution, uniformly through­ This case is specially in point, since we remember that this ter· out the States and Territories, following without citing the old case ritory (now California) was acquired by conquest from Mexico. of Loughborough, 5 Wheaton, which has been repeatedly reaf- In Chapin against Bourne (8 Cal.) the court said: firmed. · It (tbe title to the soil underlying navigable water) belongs to the Now, Mr. Chairman, when ·the treaty with Spain is ratified we are United States in trust, that might be created out of said Te1·ritory and passed supposed to take the bayonet from in front of the Filipino's breast to the State of California on her admission (into the Union) by virtue of her and rule him, if at all, by civil, and not military, law. I shall sovereignty. · not speak of the horrors of a military government. But if a civil In a still later case (54 Cal., 455), Leroy vs. Dunkery, touching government is substituted, shall we have, can we have, a tariff for upon the title to certain tide-water lands, we find the most apt the Philippines that we do not have for the United States as they adjudication, the court deciding in favor of the State. The court now are? Can we have a tariff for one portion of th~ United s~d: · States different from that of another portion of the United St~tes? From th~ date of the treaty of 1848 the portion of the tide lands in contro­ It was distinctly ruled in 5 Wheaton, 16 Howard. and other cases versy was held by the United States in trust for the future State. * • • that the taxes must be" uniform" throughout the" jurisdiction The question here is whether from the treaty up to the admission of Califor­ of the United States," which, of course, includes our Territories. nia into the Union the United l::!tates held the legal title to these particular lands in trust for the State Government which should be organized; or This, it seems to me, is very plain with the law when we read whether the United States Government held them in full ownership, freed Article VI of the Constitution, which ordains: of any trust in favor of the future State, and for its own exclusive nse and This Constitution and the laws of the United States which shall be made benefit as a military reservation, and since continues to so hold them. i.fi pursuance thereof, * * * shall be the supreme law of the land. There the issue was made that the United States Government But let us come back, Mr. Chairman, to the Shiveley case; The owned the island as a military reservation and had acquired it court, citing 3 Howard, 212 (Weber vs. Harbor Commissioners, as such when the treaty was made with Mexico. 18 Wallace, 57), and 142 U.S., 161 (Knight vs. The United States), Justice Deady, in the case from Alaska (30 Fed. Rep., 115), after on page 57, in summing up its conclusions, said: stating that the Federal Government has the power to acquire Upon the acquisition of territory by tl!e United S~tes, whether by ~s­ territory by treaty and conquest, citing 1 Peters, 542; 19 How., sion from one of the States or by treaty With the foreign country, or by dL

The Attorney-General of the United States, in an official opin­ quired the territory of which New-Mexioo.is apart;-thatwhenever ion, Brooke, XVI, 1878, defined a territory thus: the territory had a population equal to the -ratio for representation A Territorv is not properly sovereign; it is an organization through and in the House of Representatives, it should be admitted as a Sta-te. by means of which Congress for a time governs the partJcular portion of the Am I right in my _historic recollection? country. Mr. GAINES. I take it that it sh-ould have been done, and, We all know that the various new States added to the Union, although it has not been done, it is the law of the land,-and it stands excluding Texas, were formed from Territorial governments, and so to-day. this fact proves a Territory is a temporary form of government, M;r. GROSVENOR. It has been some forty years ago? · and the cession of 1784 and ordinance of 1787 so allude to and Mr. GAINES. That is far beyond my recollection. denominate them. Mr. GROSVENOR. But the gentleman is posted in-the-history The great weight of Chief Justice John Marshall's opinion is of his country. cited in defense of the position I here take. In the noted case of Mr. GAINES. Yes, sir. Loughborough, 5 Wheaton, 317, he held the of~en-reaffir~ed p~si­ Mr. GROSVENOR. During all that time what has been the tion th~t the power to levy and collect taxes 1s coextensive With status of the Territory? - the territory of the United States, which includes the Territories 1\lr. GAINES. -It has been either justly or unjustly deprived and the District of Columbia. · of its ''right" to be a State in this Union, and in my hdnest opin­ In arriving at that conclusion he refers to Territories in most ion capriciously and unjustly deprived -of it. Congr~ss has the significant language as being "in a state of infancy, advancing to power to admit a State into the Union. Mr. Bates, Attorney­ manhood, looking forward to complete equality as soon as that General, officially held that that power is~onstrued to carry with state of manhood shall be attained," thus clearly recognizing the it the power to refuse to admit it. idea that the preordained destiny of Territory is statehood. Mr. GROSVENOR. Yes. The courts all speak of Territorial governments as '• temporary ~ · Mr. GAINES. And in that way it has been kept out. I want or "temporary and territorial." For example, in 14 Peters, page to say that Michigan tried to get into the Union, and she formed 389, the Supreme Court of the United States says: her constitution under the ordinance of 1787 and elected her offi­ Though the treaty of 1803 madE:\ no provision for a change of g(}vernment, cers, and the supreme court of that State, in 1 Douglas Report, it was in the first instance to be temporary and territorial of the sole power the Scott case, in a unanimous opinion held that she had the of Congress, in virtue of the third section, fourth article of the Constitution, and afterwards governed subject only to the same powers which Congress "right" to immediate statehood when she arrived at a certain should exercise in the old States. population, at which she had arrived ~nd much more, but that What is the third section of the fourth article here alluded to? there was no power to compel Congress to -act unless the people of the States did so at the ballot box. New States may be admitted by Congress into this Union. * • * The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regu­ Mr. GROSVENOR. Exactly. lations respectin~ th~ territory ot: otl!er property belonging to the Uni~d Mr. GAINES. And therefore she stayed out until Congress States; and nothing m this ConstitutiOn shall be so construed as to preJu­ ·said come in. dice any claims of the United States or of any particular State. Mr. GROSVENOR. So we have been doing-some things with­ The court here construes the power of Congress to make rules out the consent of the governed? and regulations to control the territory and property of the United Mr. GAINES. And I am trying to get the gentleman tore­ States as purely" temporary," to use the language of the court. verse these practices and cling to the Constitution and do right "It (the Government) was in the first.instance to be temporary in the future. [Applause.] and territorial, of the sole power of Congress in view of the third Mr. Justice Marshall, in one of the old cases said so long as we section of the fourth article of the Constitution." And then what keep the people of the Territories from becoming States of the thereafter? "And afterwards govern," that is, after the territory Union, to that extent we deprive them of the immunities, the is admitted into the Union,'' subject only to the same powers which privileges, and the rights that they would have if the Territory Congress should exercise in old States." _ was made into a State. Here, then, our Territorial system is adjudged purely temporary, So long, then, as we keep the Territories out of the Union and and a preparatory stage for statehood, while the colonial system under a Territorial form of government, Mr. Chairman, we de­ you see is fixed with no right of ultimate statehood. prive the inhabitants of the State rights which alone are granted Now, Mr. Chairman, it is often said that we acquired Louisiana, by the State to her citizens, the right to vote being one and trials and that we acquired Florida, and that therefore these cases are in State courts being another. parallel with this. They are not parallel cases, Mr. Chairman. The Now, Mr. Chairman-- former were contiguous to us. They were brought in almost un­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. peopled. They were not at all settled, you might say, and we Mr. GAINES (to Mr. D,INSMORE). Please give me ten minutes knew that when we acquired them we would settle them with our more. own kith and kind. But instead of that, Mr. Chairman, we are Mr. DINSMORE. How much time has the gentleman con­ now about to acquire millions of people whom I dare say the gen­ sumed, Mr. Chairman? tleman from Iowa hims~lf does not desire to have mixed up \\;ith The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman ha-s consumed thirty min­ the Anglo-Saxon race beneath the Stars and Stripes. utes. There is quite a. distinction, too, Mr. Chairman, of another Mr. DINSMORE. I yield ten minutes more to the gentleman. kind. When we acquired that territory, there was an express Mr. GAINES. Mr. Chairman, I thank my friend and the provision of cession which said that the territory should be made House. I desire now to read from an opinion of Chief Justice into States as soon as it was properly peopled and conditioned, Chase in the Utah case (13 Wallace, page 441), in which he re­ and the fact remains that that territory ha-s been turned into viewed our Territorial legislation and said: some of the most magnificent States that ever added a star to the The theOJ'Y upon which the various governments for portions of the terri· flag. There was the ordinance of 1784, written by Thomas J effer­ tory of the United States have been organized has ever been that of leaving son, which provided for almost immediate statehood. There wa~ to the inhabitants all the powers of self-government consistent with the the statute of 1787, written by his advice and passed by Congress, supremacy and supervision of national authority, and within certain funda­ mental principles established by Congress. As eal'ly as 1784 an ordinance which provided also for statehood, which provided for local self­ was adopted by the Congress of the Confederation providing for the division government, which provided for a free press, which provided for of all the territory ceded or to be ceded into States, with boundaries ascer­ jury trials, for free religion, local self-government, and for all of tained by the ordinance. These States were severally authorized to adopt the fundamental rights that the Constitution itself to-day guaran­ for their temporary government the constitution and laws of any one of the States, and provision wa.s made for their ultimate admission by Delegates tees, except possibly those found in amendments which have been into the <.JongresH of the United States. passed since that time. We thus find the first plan for the establishment of governments in the In addition to showing this, I contend that the facts of history Territories authorized the adoption of State governments from the start, and committed all matters of internal legislation to the discretion of the prove that this.territory, when acquired, was acquired forthepur7 inhabitants. unrestricted otherwise than by the State constitution originally pose of making States, because we proceeded to make States as soon adopted by them. as we could. I believe it was one of the provisions in the treaty with Mexico that California was to become a State, as she did do. But "States" from the start, says the court, and now, after a cen­ here, I say, we are about to acquire territory which will become tury, it is colonies from the start. God knows what the end will a part of the United States the very moment we ratify the treaty, be .. and under the adjudications that 1 have read to-day from undi­ The ordinance 'of 1787 expressly provided 'for a temporary form vided Supreme Courts of our e-ountry they say that we can not hold of government. Its very title says so, and I r~9 it. It is entitled: · it for any other purposes than for future statehood. An ordinance for the government of the territory of the United States-north­ Mr. GROSVENOR. Mr. Chairman, not to interrupt the thread west of the river Ohio. Be it o1·dained by the Congress of the United States assembled, That the said of the gentleman's argument, I should like to ask him a question territory, for the purposes of a temporary ~overnment, }>e one district; subject, on the very question he is now discussing. however, to be divided into two districts if future circumstances may, in the Mr. GAINES. I yield to the gentleman for a question. opinion of the Congress, make it expedient. Mr. GROSVENOR. If I recollect the treaty, which I have not We see article 4 provides: "The said Territory, and the States read for many years, with Mexioo, it was stipulated when we ac- which_may be formed therein, shall forever remain a part of this 624 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 12,

Confederacy of the United .States ef America,~' while article 5 or- · sion or aggrandizement, but to enable the General Government to vindicate by arms, if it should become necessary, its own rights and the rights of its dains: "There shall be formed in the said Territory not less than citizens. A war, therefore, declared by Congress can never be presumed to three nor more than five States. * * * And whenever any of be waged for the purpose of cGnquest or the acquisition of territory; nor does the said States shall have 60,000 free inhabitants therein, such State the law declaring the war imply an authority to the President to enlarge the limits of the United States by subjugating the enemy's country. (Fleming shall be admitted, by its delegates, into the Congress of the United vs. Page, 9 How., 614.) States on an equal footing with the original States, in all respects whatever, and shall be at liberty to form a permanent constitu­ We must inevitably conclude. from whatsoever aspect we re­ tion and State gove1·nment," with this proviso, however: gard this matter, that whether tenitory comes by war or other­ P.mvided, The constitution and government, so to be formed, shall be re­ wise, it always comes impressed with that purpose for which alone publican and in conformity to the principles contained in these articles; it may be acquired, and the character of a State in embryo attaches and, so far as can be cons1stent with the general interest of the Confed­ eracy, such admission shall be allowed at an earlier period, and when there to it the moment it paEses the portals. may' be a less number of free inhabitants in the State than 60,000. Mr. HITT. Mr. Chairman, does the gentleman from Arkansas These various deeds of cession created and imposed on the propose that further time be occupied on his side? United States Government a" trust" or" trusts," one of which Mr. DINSMORE. I will ask the chairman of the committee was to admit these Territories into the Union on attaining a cer­ whether any time is to be used on the majority side in general tain population. discussion? · 1 Doug] as (Mich.), 119, Scott vs. Detroit, etc. 'Mr. HITT. We do not propose to occupy any time. 2 Peters, 811, Fisher vs. Nelson. M.r. DllsSMORE. Then I think the reading of the bill might 9 How., 24, Benner vs. Porter. proceed. • 3 How., 609, Perneoli vs. First Municipality. The Clerk, proceeding with the reading of the bill, read the 1 McLain, 338, Spoo:aer vs. McConnell. following: 5 Iowa, 52, McManus vs. Carmichel. CONTINGENT EXPENSES, FOREIGN lliSSIONB. 37 Wis., 446, Atty. Gen. vs. City. To enable the President to provide, at the public expense, all such station­ ery, blanks, records, and other books, seals, presses, fla~s. and signs as he Cooley on Lim. Canst., page 34. shall think necessary for the several embassies and legations in the transac­ In Pollard vs. Hagan, 3 How., 212, McKinley, J., for the court, tion of their business, and also for rent, postage, telegrams, furniture; mes­ in discussing the title to tide-water lands, said: senger service, clerk hire, compensation of kavasses, guards, dragomen, and porters, in~luding compensation of interpreter, guards, and Arabic clerk at · , We think a proper examination of this subj~ct will show that the United the consulate at Tangiers, and the compensation of dispatch agents at London, States never held any municipal sovereignty, jurisdiction, or right of soil in New York, and San Francisco, and for travelin~ and miscellaneous expenses and to the territory of which Alabama or any of the new States was formed of embassies and legations, and for printing m the Department of State, except for temporary purposes and to execute the trusts created by the acts 128,000. of the Virginia and Georgia legislatures. and the deeds of cession executed by them to the United States, and the trust created by the treaty with the Mr. HITT. I move to amend this paragraph by inserting, after French Republic of the 30th of April, 1803, ceding Louisiana. * * * When the word "State," in lin.e ll, the words" for loss on bills of ex­ the United States accepted the cession of territory, they took upon them­ selves the trust to hold the municipal eminent domain for the new States, change to and from embassies and legations." and to invest them with it to the sam11 extent in all respects that it was This language, which was at first a separate -provision, was held by the States ceding the territory. stricken out as such by the committee, but we omitted to insert it This language is approved in 152 U. S., 27., Bowlby vs. Shively. at the proper place. We have seen the law declares that the United States holds its The amendment was agreed to. territory in" trust" for the future States to be carved out of it; that The Cle1·k read as follows: the new States are admitted when the population has reached a INTERCONTINENTAL RAILWAY COMMISSION. certain number and fitness. This is the rula Now, then, when To meet the share of the United States toward the ex:I?enses in-volved in .Shall we admit the Philippines to statehood? When, when, 1 pray, the completion of the preparation, printing, and distribution of the final re­ shall we enforce this trust? When can we enforce it? Now? No. ports, maps, profiles, etc., of the Intercontinental Railway Commission, Fifty years hence? No. A century hence? No. That popula­ $3,000, to be immediately available. tion will never be fit to associate with us in making our laws or Mr. GROSVENOR. Mr. Chairman, I move to amend by strik­ otherwise. Now, then, is it not a fraud we are about to perpetrate ing out the last word of the paragraph. I do this for the purpose upon this people to "hold" them and "hold" out to the~ a mere of calling the attention of the committee to what I understood to promise of statehood when we know that we can not, we will not, be the theory of the attack, as it may be called, of the gentleman we dare not, and must not enforce the trust-admit them to state­ n·om Tennessee [Mr. CARMACK] touching the action of the Repub· hood? lican State conventions of the country during the year 1898 upon Mr. Chairman, should we dare assuni.e a trust in bad faith and the questions now involved in what is called the territorial situa­ execute it in worse? Can we assume a trust in good faith when tion. I was in the gal~ery of the House when the gentleman spoke, we know it is beyond our p6wer to enforce it as promised? -u and I may have misunderstood his language. But if I heard him seems to me that the suppression of the truth is as much of a correctly, he charged that the Republican convention of the fraud as the suggestion of a falsehood. Mr. Chairman, this is a President's own State-the State of Ohio-did not indorse the high trust, that we may or may not assume. It embodies the liber­ ~olicy or purpose of the Administration in the matter of these ties, the weal or woe, and the personal and political rights of this colonial possessions. people, not one of which should be abused. . I rise now to point out to the gentleman and to others interested, . Before our Federal Constitution was framed Congress provided that on the date of the Ohio convention there was not the foot for the early admission of territory ceded and to be ce4ed into the of any American t:Joldier on the soil of the Philippine Islands. Union as States. Congress on October 10, 1780, resolved: · 'fhat convention was held on th~ 21st and 22d days of June, 1898. That the unappropriated lands that may be ceded or relinquished to The war was then in full progress; and we had neither cap· the United States by any particular State pursuant to the recommenda­ tured nor, so far as we knew, were proposing to capture the Phil­ tion of Congress of the 6th day of September last shall be disposed of for the ippines. And we did not capture even the city of Manila until common benefit of the United States, and be settled and formed into distinct republican States, which shall become members of the Federal Union and two days after the protocol of the treaty had been signed. have the same rights of sovereignty, freedom, and independence as the other But that convention did use the following language in its reso­ States. lutions: That declared the original principle, and ·from that day to this, In the near future, important problems will arise out of the war in which whenever we have acquired territory, the purpose has been de­ the nation is now engaged. Among others will be the disposition to be made of conquered territory. The people can safely leave the wise and patriotic clared and none have disputed it. That is our mission. That is solution of these great questions to a Republican President and a Republican the purpose for which we set up among nations-to unify the con­ Congress. tiguous American territory into States and create sovereign com­ And in that State convention, on the 21st day of June, the tem­ munities wherein -individual liberty should be the chief corner porary chairman of the body made use of the language I am about stone. to read, which, fwish to say, was the first public declaration of How many States are we going to make of the Philippines? the kind made anywhere in the United States, and was looked How many States can you make of them? I have seen· an esti­ upon at the time as rather an assumption of some knowledge of mate to the effect that we would have about 65 members of Con­ what the course of the Administration would be. This is the lan­ gress from the Philippines; and I-take it we would have to have ·guage: about 65 interpreters so that the Speaker and the House might be I make no prognostication, except this: I doubt very much whether you able to undel'stand what they said. And I take it, Mr. Chairman, or I will live to see the day when by the order of a Republican Administra­ it would take· 70,000,000 people seventy million years to make tion-and surely not by the order of McKinley's Administration-the starry them understand the principles of our Government, our customs, banner of your country's glory shall be pulled down from any flagstaff where our laws, and the spirit of our institutions. [Applause.] conquest of arms has placed it. Now, in conclusion, I deny emphatically that war can be levied I had the honor to deliver that sentiment, and I have never for the purpose of acquiring territory. It may come as an inci­ backed down from it. [Applause.] dent or accident, but never as the predetermined purpose. Mr. The Clerk read as follows: Chief J ustiee Taney, speaking for the whole court, declared in the INTERNATIONAL UNION OF AMERICAN REPUBLICS. · Tampico case that- Commercial Bureau of American Republics, $36,000: Provided, That any The genius and character of our institutions are peaceful, and the power moneys received from the other American Re:publics for the support of the to declare war was not conferred npon Congress for the purposes of aggres- Bureau, or from the sale or the Bureau pubhcations, from rents, or other 18U9. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 625 sources shall be paid into the Treasury as a credit in addition to the appro- Now, that conference was composed of delegations from the priation, a:nd may be drawn therefrom npon requisitions of the Secretary of U "ted St tes a d from n r.th r Re bli 8 a d th d State for the purpose of meeting the expen.c;es of the Bureau: And p 1·ovided ru a n rna Y v e pu c • n ey ma e a further, That the Public Printer be, and he is hereby, authorized to print an recommendation to Congress which Congress has always held to edition of the Monthly Bulletin, not to exceed 5,000 copies, for distribution be in the natur·e of an agreement of the nations. by the BureaU, every month during the fiscal year~ndingJune 30,1900. Mr. DOCKERY. What are the tm·ms of that recommendation? Mr. DOCKERY. Mr. Chairman, I desire to raise a question of Mr. HITT. I have not the language of it before me. order against the provision of the bill in line 4, page 27, and all of Mr. DOCKERY. Can not the gentleman s tate it from memory? the proviso after the word" Bureau,"inline9. These are changes Mr. HITT. It was in substance an agreement and recommen- of existing law. dation by the delegations from ail of the Republics that there Mr. HITT. Mr. Chairman, the existing law has not provided should be established at Washington a bureau to be supported by the precise form of statute or expression that is here found, but it them all, ·proportionately, for the collection and dissemination of is for the same purpose. I suppose the gentleman from Missouri · useful mformation, and specially in regard to their commercial means that turning the moneys received from the other republics interests, and that it should always be kept at this city as its se.at, into the Treasury as a credit of this Bureau is new legislation. : and that the expenses should, as far as possible, be proportion- That item, .Mr. Chairman, or that form of expression in regard · ately divided between the different countries. to these sums, is new. But this appropriation contains a similar That was the intention, bnt we have found in the workings of provision in regard to the disposition of other receipts of the Bu- that institution that it was largely for our own benefit, that the reau, akin tother.eceiptsderivedfromotherrepublics. Forexam- advantages were for us, that some of the distant countries com­ pie, take the items of rent, the sales of the publications of the plained that they received very little benefit. They were so re­ Bureau; advertisements, and so on. These were paid in and could mote and their resources so slender, compared with the prodigious be used in this manner, and the law authorized them to be cred- interests of export in the United States, that they received less its bf the Bureau. Here it takes the same method as the prior law comparative benefit. But they have wakened up gradually. and allows the sums paid by the other republics to be turned in as · Within the last year two countries that have been the mo~t dis­ credits to the Bureau in the Treasury in addition to the 836,000 ap- tant and difficult to obtain adherence from-the Argentine and propriated and used as contemplated by the international agree- the Republic of Chile-have both signified that they will come in ment. cordially, and we are greatly interested to get their eooperation. The objection of the gentleman from Missouri proceeds upon Mr. PERKINS. I should like to ask the gentleman if there is the theory that the sum to be appropriated by· us and paid by us any change in this last proviso: to establish and support the Bureau is exactly 336,000,less the Andp1·avidedju1·the1·, ThatthePublicPrinterbe,andheishereby,author­ am.ount subscribed by the foreign republi-cs to reimburse a part ized to print an edition of the Monthly Bulletin, not to exceed 5,000 copies, for "of this S36,000. That was the system contemplated, and it was distribution by the Bureau, every month during the fiscal year ending June apparently in the mind of Congress when it provided for organiz- oo, 1900. mg the International Union. But we have often departed from Mr. HITT. Yes, I have just been stating it. That is a new that rule, and while the general policy and purpose of the organi- proviso, enlarging the number to be printed, but not originating zation have been uniform, yet we, like the other Republics who the printing. The printing of the Monthly Bulletin has been are parties to the International Union, have varied the appropria- from time to time provided for heretofore, and the number now tions and payments from year to year. We have not always ap- printed is, I think, nearly 15,000, done by the Bureau, supported propriated the sum of $36,000 for this purpose. My friend from by the existing appropriation, and this is a provision that Congress Missouri will perhaps remember that two years ago we only ap- : authorize the printing of 5,000 copies additional by the Public propria.ted $28,000, after considerable discussion on the floor. Printer, which will be largely for members of .Congress. It is . This is not an amount fixed by a prior act of CongTess. It is suggested by the Director partly for the convenience of the mem· true we have entered into this organization and are morally bound , beTs. The publication of the Bulletin is paid for, very largely, ,for our portion of. the expenditures, and we have varied that · not by the appropriation, but by th-e advertising that is contained amount. The disposition, too, of the money has varied. The djs- ' in the Bulletin. position now provided is similar to that made in last year's law of Mr. DOCKERY. Mr. Chairman~ 1 would not press views of money received from rents. my own upon the attention of tbe Committee on Foreign Affairs That any money received from the sale of Bureau publications, from rents, · or the Committee of the Whole House in respect to any technical or other sources, shall be paid into the Treasury. . matter over which the Committee on Foreign Affairs properly had Mr. PEAR.SON. "Other sources" would cover this, I think. jurisdiction, but this appropriation is a matter that 'is not tech- .Mr. HITT. It might be so construed, it is true., b'l.lt t he Bureau nical. Every member of the House has, to a certain extent, a has not so treated it. knowledge of the operations of this Bureau, and, aside from the And I wish to be entirely frank with the gentleman from 1\lis- · question of order, it is obvious that this Bureau is reaching out souri. During the discussion of this matter in the earlier part of year after year and expending the public money to an extent that I the day, I said to him that it would probably increase the availa- donotthinkwascontemplatedbythetermsqftheoriginalstanding. ble resources of the Bureau $16,000. I think, unfortunately, the Now, then, so far as the point of order is concerned, it is evident amount will be much less, as the additions to be actually .received to me that under the rule and the statement of the gentleman from the other Republics will not re~ch near the amount of their himself the lines to which I have excepted would be subject to the share. point of order, because the gentleman from lllinois states that the The other Republics take the same liberty with their subscrip- appropriation for the conduct of this Bureau, so far as practicable, tions as we have sometimes taken. If thls does not save 16,000, was to be distributed among the various Governments. Now, the yet the part which is saved will be something gained for the Bn- United States-- reau and its work. The work is one that was inaugurated nearly Mr. BITT. If the gentleman will pardon me, my statement ten years ago. The first act providing for its needs was passed was that such was the project, but Congress has not adhered to during the Fifty-first Congress. The purpose of the organization that strictly. As to what is t he existing law or the existing pol­ was to secure the collection and dissemination of commercial in- icy of Congres.s, it has been appropriating from year to year what formation. We then appropriated the sum of $36,000 as our share it saw fit. It has not appropriated the $36,000, nor nearly that of the annual expenditures. To carry out the firstgeneral organ- sum, some years. Apparently it might have seemed to some ization and the recommendations of the International American guilty of a breach of faith, but it was not so considered by us nor Congress, including a variety of items mentioned, the bill appro- by our 5ister Republics. priated 849,760. Mr. DOCKERY. Then the gentleman would hold that, regard- This has never been considered as a fixed appropriation, an less of the object or purpose of the convention, Congress is under inflexible" existing law," like a salary, for instance, which can no limitation as to appropriation, but can appropriate 5200,.000 or not be increased. $500,000, or any other amount it pleases. Mr. DOCKERY. Will the gentleman from Illinois .state the Mr. BITT. It is in some sort a contingent appropriation, to be authority under which this appropriation ie made? determined by us, depending upon-the other provisions of the bill, Mr. HITT. I will read the language of the law. depending upon what the Director or the executive committee or Mr. DOCKERY. My object was not to secure that, but the the Secretary-of State recommend. If we approve-of that, we can provision of the treaty or agreement under which this appropria- appropri;tte for it, and I think it is under the law as proper as it tion is made. is to have added, as you have just done, to the appropriation for Mr. HITT. It is not before me, and I am not able to quote its "contingent expenses for foreign missions." language for the gentleman at this moment, but the law under Mr. DOCKERY. Oh, no; that is merely a question of amount. which the first appropriation was made provides for the organiza- Mr. HITT. This is a question of amount. tion and establishment, under the direction of the Secretary of The CHAIRMAN. Will the gentleman from Missouri state his State, of an international union of the American Republics; and point of order? the purpose is stated in the same law "to enable the President to Mr. DOCKERY. My point of order is made under clause 2 of cany into effect the recommendations of the International Ameri- Rule XXI, that the appropriation is not in order because it cha.nges can Conference." existing law.

XXXII-40 626 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 12 - ' The CHAIRMAN. Now, the Chair will be very glad-- Mr. DOCKERY. It is wholly immaterial what the language of Mr. DOCKERY. This is manifestly a change of existing law, the existing law is or the cuuent appropriation may be, in view and the gentleman from Illinois presses the change, because line of the permanent statute, which is just now called to my attention 4 of the paragraph, on page 27, makes an appropriation of the for the first time. That determines-not for this appropriation, contributions of the South American Republics, which is not the but for all time-that the sums contributed by the other Ameri­ conditions of the existing appropriation. It changes existing law, can Republics, when collected. shall be covered into the Treasury. also, because in the proviso the Public Printer is authorized to And the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. HITT] a moment ago stated print a Monthly Bulletin, not to exceed 5,000 copies. that that had been the practice. Mr. HITT. No. . Mr. HITT. That is.in the annualappropri11tion bill. Mr. DOCKERY. Neither one of those provisions-- Mr. DOCKERY. Certainly; but it is permanent law. I will Mr. HITT. Not a monthly bulletin, but an additional number send it to the Chair, and the Chair can determine for himself. It of the Monthly Bulletin now published. • has never been repealed. Mr. DOCKERY. In both cases the gentleman from Illinois The CHAIRMAN. In what respect does the gentleman from seeks to secure certain changes of law that have not 1·un in the Missouri contend that this paragraph changes the disposition of current law. If they are not changes of the existing law, why the money received from the other American Republics? ask for them? If there is authority to print 5,000 copies, why this Mr. DOCKERY. In this respect: The statute the Chair is provision? If there is authority to turn in the $16,000 contributed about to read provides that the contribution made by the South by the South .American Republics, why ask it? . American Republics to this International Bureau shall be co~ered The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Missouri does not con­ into the Treasury. The lan~uage of this appropriation provides tend that either of these purposes is not a purpose already author· that instead of being covered into the Treasury the contributions ized by existing law. sba11 constitute an additional appropriation for the conduct of Mr. DOCKERY. I suppose the printing of the additional5,000 this Bureau. copies would be in harmony with the purpose of this Bureau. Mr. HITT. An additional credit. The CHAIRMAN. Is the printing of the additional bulletins 1\fr. DOCKERY. Yes, an addttional credit. Now, as I said a in line with the general purpose of t~e bill? moment ago, I would not press this matter if it was a technical Mr. DOCKERY. I suppose that 1s true. But by the recom­ matter, or came within the peculiar province of the Committea mendation authol'izing the United States to enter into this co· on Foreign Affairs, because I recognize tl1at it is a committee of partnership for the purpose of encouraging trade with the South ability, and especially are we indebted to the distinguished chair- American Republics as I understand the gentleman from Illinois-· · man of the committee; but this is a subject with which every and if I do not state him correctly I hope he will correct me-in member of the House is familiar. and wholly independent of this the absence of the terms of the agreement, which he has not before point of order, which in my opinion, is well taken, I desire to say him, the expense was to be divided fairly (the gentleman does not the time has come to put some restrictions on this outlying Bu­ state on what basis) among the Republics who entered into this reau of American Republics. International Union. I do not care to discuss anything that has gone before, but we The CHAIRMAN. Will the gentleman from Missouri inform have reached a point when it will clear the atmosphere to let this the Chair whether there is any provision of law prescribing the Bureau understand that the money it is using is the money of the disposition of the money received from the South American Re­ United States and should be expended with some understanding publics for the support of the Bureau? that it is contributed by the taxpayers of this country. Mr. DOCKERY. I can not state that, because the gentleman The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Missouri contend in charge of the bill says that he has not the agreement before that a further appropriation than 836,000 for the purposes of this him and is not able to state its terms. Bureau would be obnoxious to a point of order, and if so, what Mr. HITT. I have not the text before me. The provision of point of order? the appropriation bills and other lawiil of this House heretofore has Mr. DOCE:ERY. As to the amount of $36,000, I do not know been-that the United States should pay the whole amount of the whether a point of order would lie or not, because the gentleman $36,000 to conduct the work and carry it on in a manner largely in from.Illinois is not able to state the terms of the agreement except its discretion, the other Republics to pay in from time to time their generally. As he recollects it, it is that the expem;es of conduct­ portion, and it should be credited to them and go to the Treasury ing the Bur eau are to be distributed among the different Republics. to reimburse the United States. Now, we have changed the That is not my point of order. It is not against the amount. amount of the appropriation from time to time. Last year, as a From the present information I have, I think it would be compe­ Qr,ecedent of the present, we appropriated $36,000 for the Bureau, tent for the gentleman to increase the amount to $52,000, aud thus providing that any money received (nothing about any of the accomplish his purpose. I am making the point of order that other Republics' contributions at that time) ' 'by sale of Bureau this is a change of existing law. The law provides that the con­ publications, rents, or from other sources shall be paid into the tributions of the South American Republics shall be covered into 'rreasury as a credit." the Treasury, and the gentleman asks to make it an indefinite - Now, the arrangement with the other Republics never provided appropriation. how the funds we received from them should be deposited, audited. The CHAIR1tfAN. In what respect does the paragraph before or disbursed, except that they should be under the authority of the committee prescribe a different method of disposing of the the union, and as a matter of detail, that they should be paid into money received from the other Republics than that prescribed in the Treasury and held there for the United States, to reimburse it. the statute which the gentleman from Missouri has called to the Last year we provided that any money received from the Bureau attention of the Chair, leaving out of view for a moment the ap­ "on publications, rents, and other sources shall be paid into the propriation of this money, which is made by the latter part of the Treasury as a credit," and this adds to and makes it more specific: sentence under consideration? "The money received from other Republics," which, a gentleman Mr. HITT. None whatever in the ultimate destination and near me suggests, might be included under the terms "other purpose. , som·ces •: in the act of last year. · Mr. DOCKERY. Mr. Chairman, it Eteems to me the distinction Mr. DOCKERY. I have the statute of the first session of the is clear. The statute now before the Chair, if it is a permanent Fifty-second Congress. law, and I hold that it is, provides that the $16,000 contributed by Mr. PEARSON. If the gentleman from Missouri will allow the South American Republics shaH be covered into the Treasury me a word. Is not this money included in the expression "other of the United States, thus reimbursing the United States to that sources?'' It is a source of revenue, and this is simply applying it extent for the 836,000 advanced for them. to a different purpose. The CHAIRMAN. . Is there anything in the law which prevents Mr. DOCKERY. The chairman of the committee admits that Congress from appropriating the money, after it is covered into it is not, or he would not ask the legislation. This is the law of the Treasury, for any expenditure authorized by law? _ the first session of the Fifty-second Congress: M1·. DOCKERY. I do not know about that. I know that this Commercial Bureau of the American Republics, for the prompt collec­ is a change of the statute, and obviously such a change of existing tion and distribution of commercial information, as recommended by the In­ law or it would not be pressed. The existing law makes a definite ternational American Conference, $30,000. The sums· contributed by the other American Republics for this purpose, when collected, shall be covered appropr_iation of a certain amount. This changes that provision into the Treasury. and makes an indefinite approprjation, hostile to the policy here­ That settles the question. tofore pursued by Congress . . The gentleman . from Illinois, the Mr. HlTT. - That is a provision that has been in the annual stat­ chairman, a while ago said it was $16,000; now he does not think utes of appropriation and has been omitted several times. it is so much; but that would not have any relation to the point of Mr. DOCKERY. I will simply state, Mr. Chairman, that it is order. Then the gentleman from Illinois seeks to have the Public immaterial whether it has been omitted or not; that is the lan- Printer print 5,000 additional copies. Certainly the Chair can not guage of the permanent statute. · hold that there is any existing law to print them. If so, why does Mr. PEARSON. If the gentleman from Missouri will allow me, the gentleman ask the authority? It is either a change of law or the existing law was not passed in the Fifty-second Congress, but else the gentleman is dealing in a redundancy of language. in the Fifty-fourth Congress. - Mr. HlTT. The publication of a work of thisklnd isv-erymuch 1899.' CONGRESSIONAL ·· RECORD-· HOUSE. ~ 627 fn the nature of the prosecution of a public work. The number man comes in with additional legislation in each case, just as he of copies can be varied from year to year. We want now 5,000 has·stated, which is a change of the existing law. more conies because Congressmen are asking for them, and I sup­ Mr. PERKINS. But never subject to a point of order. pose the-gentleman from Missouri is one of those Congressmen. Mr. DOCKERY. Certainly such provisions are not privileged Mr. DOCKERY. I never asked for the document. I do not under the rules. The gentleman asks unanimous consent for them think it is worth anything. over and over again. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will ask what is the existing law · Mr. PERKINS. They are privileged under the rule if the print­ regulating the number of copies of the Monthly Bulletin? ing is for Congress or either House of Congress. Mr. HITT. The Monthly Bulletin is printed under the discre­ Mr. DOCKERY; Undoubtedly. In that case, of course, they tionary authority of the Bureau, in its work of disseminating in­ would not be subject to any point of order. Points of order such formation relating to commerce, as prescribed by law, and the as that I am now making relate only to legislation on appropria­ expense is largely paid, not from the appropriation, but from ad­ tion bills. Sometimes points of order are made, as upon yesterday vertising. Certain leaves of these Bulletins being assigned to busi­ in respect to the criminal code for Alaska. because the amendments ness advertisements, the amounts paid by advertisers almost pay presented are not germane. But, Mr. Chairman, we can not leg­ for the publication. But in order that more copies may be printed islate on an appropriation bill if the provision changes existing for the use of members of Congress and for newspapers calling law, provided a point of order be made. for them, etc.-! think about 15,000 are printed now-the request Mr. PERKINS. I hardly think the gentleman from Missouri i-s made that the Bureau may go on and print this additional num­ would contend that an appropriation to print additional copies of ber. There will be no additional cost.for editing. - a given document already authorized to be printed was a change . M;r. DOCKERY. This printing may be a very wise thing. and of existing law . I may be very unwise in pt·essing the point of order. But I am Mr. DOCKERY. Then what do you want it printed for? standing on my rig-hts under the rule. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair would like to hear from the gen­ The CHAIRMAN. Will the gentleman from Missouri point tleman from Iowa [Mr. PERKINS]. The Ohair understands the out the provision of law which _relates to the publication of these gentleman from Missouri [Mr. DocKERY] to contend that under Bulletins? · some provision of existing law, which has up to this time not been Mr. PERKINS. The number of copies is within the discretion brought to the attention of the Chair, the limit of the number of of the Bureau and is t·egulated by the amount of money at its bulletins is prescribed, and that this proviso is an extension of that disposal. limit. Mr. HITT. The act of Congress establishing this Bureau de­ Mr. PERKINS. I hardly think that is-the contention of the clares its purpose to be the dissemination of commercial informa­ gentleman from Missouri. An appropriation is made for the Bu­ tion. The Bureau has been making publications all the time and reau of American Republics, and w-ithin the limit of that appro­ expending the money that Congress appropriated for this e>..-press priation the Bureau can print such numbers of the bulletins as purpose. This is one of the forms of publication; the different may be possible. publications are not specified. There are bulletins, brochures, Mr. DOCKERY. That is correct. handbooks, monographs, pamphlets, etc. Mr. PERKINS. Now, the effect of the proviso is to increase Mr. PERKINS. This provision is simply equivalent to asking the amount of the appropriation to be taken out of the public for an increased appropriation. printing fund to the extent of the amount that will be required . The CHAIRMAN. Can the gentleman from illinois [Mr. HITT] to enable the Public Printer to print the 5,000 additional copies . inform the Chair whether, in his opinion, the closing proviso of this That is all there is of it. paragraph would require an additional appropriation to be made The CHAIRMAN. Is the number authorized to be printed lim­ to pay for these 5,000 additional copies? ited by law? Mr. BITT. It will not require an additional appropriation of Mr. PERKINS. Only in the discretion of the Bureau. money, though it will undoubtedly consume a part of "the appro­ Mr. HITT. And to the extent of the appropriation which may priation for printing. I will not say that the expense will come be made, which varies·from time to time. out of this particular appropriation. Mr. PERKINS. l understand the Bureau is furnishing, at the Mr. DOCKERY. There should be no occasion for difference request of members of Congress, about this number of documents; between the gentleman from illinois and myself as to the facts, and it was thought that they should come, as other documents however much we may differ on the question of policy. come, out of the appropriation for the public printing. The gentleman stated a while ago, and his statement was cor­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will 1·ule upon the question of rect, that if the proviso should go into the bill, it would involve an order presented by the gentleman from Missouri. additional expenditure to the extent of the cost of printing the In reference to the point of order against the language in line 4 .5,000 copies at the Public Printing Office; that the expense would of the paragraph, the Chair has this to say: The gentleman from not come out of the $36,000. Missouri has pointed out the permanent law regulating the dis­ The CHAIRMAN. In what respect is that beyond the power. position of the money received from the American Republics, and _ of the House? prescribing that when collected it shall b8 covered into the Mr. DOCKERY. Mr. Chairman, I have stated the language of Treasury. the existing law. The Chair has it before him. The provision in The Chair is unable to perceive what different disposition of line 4, page 27, is not existing law. Not only is it not existing that money-not speaking for the moment of this appropriation­ law, but it is in violation of the provision of law now before the is made in the paragraph before the committee, which provides Chair, which is permanent law. Therefore it is not in order on that the money received from other American Republics shall be this bill. The proviso is not existing law. The Ohair can turn paid into the Treasury. There seems to be no difference what­ to the existing statute and see that there is no such proviso there. ever between the disposition of the money received from the The CHAIRMAN. Will the gentleman point to the existing Republics, prescribed by the section of the law to which the gen­ statute and inform the Chair what it provides? tleman from Missouri has called the attention of the committee Mr. DOCKERYJ I think the gentleman from Illinois will con­ and that prescribed by the provisions of the section under r-onsid· cede that the proviso is not existing law. If he does not concede eration. By the existing law the money is to be'' covered mt-o the it, I can sustain my statement by a reference to the existing law. Treasury." By this section the money is to be "pa1d into the Mr. HITT. This specific proviso-anything that would provide Treasury." So far there is no change in the law. for these 5,000 copies-does not exist in the law now. In the Now, that being so, the question is whether it is within the scheme of this Bureau there is provision for all of its publica­ power, under the rules of the House, for the House in a g-eneral tions. Those already issued seem to have consumed all its money. appropriation bill to apprC'priate that money after it has been By making this specific appropriation or direction in the proviso "paid into the Treasury," in thE' language of this provision, or on page 27 I believe the expenditure would not be paid out of this "covered into the Treasury," in the language of the former law. appropriation. It seems to have been assumed by all persons taking part in the . Mr. DOCKERY. I am glad that the gentleman from Illinois discussion that this undertaking, this support and maintenance and I agree as to the facts. of the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics, is either an Mr. BITT. The expense would be paid under the appropriation "expenditure previously' authorized by law" or a "public work for printing; but we constl:lrntly make provisions of this kind in and object already in progress." It follows that appropriations regard to the printing of documents. for the support of the undertaking may be made in the dis­ Mr. PERKINS. An appropriation is made for the public print­ cretion of Congress, unless the form of the appropriation is such ing, and from time to time Congress makes p1:ovision for printing as to change existing law. particular documents under that appropriation. Every few days The section prescribes that when paid into the Treasury it shall we present resolutions here authorizing the Public Printer to be"' a credit in addition to the appropriation and may be drawn, print additional copies of certain documents. We make no appro­ etc., for the purpose of meeting the expenses of the Bureau." priation in these cases; the expense comes out of the appropria­ This i~ in effect the appropriation of the money paid into the tion already made to the Public Printer for this purpose. Treasury n·om the American Republics during the next fiscal Mr. DOCKERY. That is correct. In other words, the gentle- year, construing the language to be merely the appropriation of CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 12, the revenue from the source named for one fiscal year. There is no stalled. One of the pupils of said school was run over and killed quite re­ cently, a_nd a well-known citiz:en also met his death at this place: change in ~xisting law. The Chair therefore overrules the point I am mformed that the railway company are ready and willing to make of order to that particular part of the section. the change, which requires the favorable action of Congi•ess; which it is In respect to the point of order raised by the gentleman from hoped may be granted. Missouri regarding the issuance of the Monthly Bulletin, it is Very respectfully, J. W. WHELPLEY, impossible for the Chair t~ ;~fr~rt~~~~e~ living buffalo in this country. And yet only a few years ago comparison with the millions of girls and women who have not been stirred railroad trains in theW est had to stop until the buffalo herds by the spirit of bird protection. ~ o task could be more difficult or more dis­ passed. A law for the Yellowstone has since been passed, but couragin~ than that of convincing the majority of women that the thing which ism fashion is not the right thin~ to wear. almost too late. Flocks of birds that used to fly about Calumet It is the belief of the writer that it Will be far easier to induce the average and the marshes of illinois and Iowa have been destroyed; and on sportsman to lay aside his gun for the sake of saving his favorit-e game birds every hand, from every hamlet, a cry goes up that something from annihilation than it will be to persuade the average girl or woman to refrain from wearing npon her hats the badly stuffed birds and thA hideou.<; ought to be done to stay the destruction of the song birds that composites of wings, tails, and feathers which occupy bn t do n ot adorn them. made beautiful the homes of our country in the summer. Apparently the only remedy that ever will reach the root of the bird­ We witness the. flight of birds passing by in the spring and in millinery evil is that recently proposed by the League of American Sports­ the fall, birds of passage, and the pot hunter goes out and slays men-a law forbidding the sale of birds "for commercial purposes," and its them, without limit, as they go by. It is time that a halt was rigid enforcement. called on the wholesale destruction of our feathered friends. This * * * * is only a small step in that direction, but it is a step that will do WH.AT THE REPORTS SHOW. good. Take the fine grouse of Oregon; they are abundant there A satisfactory number of reports have been received from each of thirty­ yet. Turn a few hundred of them into the valley of the Shenan­ six States. In all save a very few the general estimates of decrease (or in­ crease) were so precise that it seemed entirely feasible to combine them into doah and they will be protected there by an intelligent public sen­ a series of general averages for each State. In a few cases, where no per­ timent because they will be looked upon. not as a few birds placed centage of decrease was named, but a fairly clear idea was conveyed by an there by sportsmen, but by the hand of an enlightened Govern­ array of detailed facts, or the use of such expressions as ·• decided decrease in bird life" or " very perceptible decrease," we have assigned to each of ment, and the boy and the pot hunter will stay their hands, and such reports figures representing a decrease of 10 per cent or 20 per cent or they will begin to be propagated in States to-day where they 25 per cent; as the facts seemed to warrant. never have been known. Throughout our calculations wherever a doubt existed we have given the The sentiment in my own State has grown up of late years very living birds the full benefit of it. and in the accompanying table, showing the average of decrease in thirty different Btates and Territories, we are cer­ strongly for preserving what few of these feathered friends still tain that the statements of loss are under the mark rather than a bove it. remain, but as far as some of the States are concerned, it is like Many observers took pains to consult others before deciding what their fig­ locking the stable after the horse has been stolen. ures should be, and the effort to be conservative in estimating losses was quite generally apparent. We believe that some observers have forgotten Now, this bill is tentative in its form, but it is no experiment. how plentiful birds really were fifteen years ago, before "hat birds" and Many enlightened communities in the Old World have fish and aigrettes and birds' wings and heads were worn, before eu~ collecting be­ game wardens combined in the same hands, and the same persons came a serious menace, and when. the shotguns were fewer t}y half a million or so than they now are. and the same appropriations are made and used to fill again the For the whole 30 States represented in the table the average of loss in bird rivers with fish and fill the air again with feathered life, We life for their combined area IS 46 per cent. 630 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 12,

Decrease in bird life in 30 States. of Fish and Fisheries is hereafter to be known and desig'D.ated as Per Per the United States Commission of Fish, Fisheries, and Birds. State. cent. State. cent. Now, we all understand about the United States Fish Commis- ' sion. It does a great work. I was not a member of the House Maine _------52 Nebraska ·-···· --·······------10 when that work was first authorized; but from the time of its New Hampshiro ------32 North Dakota______58 inception to the present the app1;opriations for it have been justi- Vermont.----- ~ ----·-·---- -· --- 30 District of Columbia...... 33 fied upon the ground that the water courses of the country no Massachusetts·-·------· __ 27 South Carolina______~ longer bear the fish that they formerly did; and it has been demon- Rhode Island._.---- __ ----_ .--­ Connecticut------··------­ ~ ~~o;ff; · ·----·------·----- 77 strated that they can be replenished with fish by a judicious ex- New York------­ New Jersey------·-----·--­ ~ f~~~~Eii~=~~~:===~=~===~:~~== 37 penditure of money under the direction of the Fish Commission. Pennsylvania ·------51 Arkansas------·------·-- ~ Thh~ vharious States-at least most of them-have fish commissions Ohio _--·------38 Texas______67 w 1c are doing valuable work. It has been stated time and Indiana _· ------·---­ 60 Indian Territory______75 again that, acre for acre, the water courses of this country and illinois------·-·------~ ~cl~;:~~ :::::: ::::::: :: ::~:::: ~ the waters along our coasts are as valuable in the production of W~~~~Yn- ==~:~::::::::::: ::::: 40 Idaho______40 food for the human family as if they were fine agricultural lands. 37 ·---=== I h?ve no war to make upon the Fish Commission. I have ~~:ou1:i::::::::: :::::::::::::: 36 Average of above______46 thought at times that in many respects its work has not been con- ducted wisely. Fish-hatching stations have been scattered over With the fate of the buffalo before our eyes, it requires no seer to predict, this country at points where the results do not justify the expend­ with absolute certainty, that unless thorough and drastic m easures are im­ mediately taken to preserve the remnants of our once splendid herds of game it.m·e. They have been established where there was not water quadrupeds and flocks of game birds, a very few years more-we will say enough to run them, so that great expense has been incurred in ten for some and fifteen for others-will find our country without enough procuring water. and even then, in many cases, it has not been wild representatives of those species to stock a zoological garden. obtained in sufficient amounts, and in certain cold sections of the CO~CLUSIONS REGARDING BffiDS. country they have been obliged to heat the water. fLaughter.] Regarding the avian fauna of the United States, the following conclusions But I am not here to discuss the work of the commission or to are justified bv facts: 1. Throughout about three-fifths of the whole area of our country, exclu­ complain about it. Upon the whole it has rendered good service. sive of Alaska, bird life in general is being annihilated. · But how do you justify that work? You justify it because it 2. T he edible birds (about 144species) have been, and still are, most se>erely is for the purpose of furnishing food to millions that may be able persecuted. 3. In many localities edible birds of nearly all species have become rare, to gather the fish from the waters of the se-acoast and the great and some important species are on the point of general extermination. , tidal rivers and the inland rivers. The Fish Commission serves a 4. Owing to the disappearance of the true game birds, our song and. insec­ good purpose, and we are going to continue it. tivorous birds are now b eing killed for food purposes, and, unless prevented, It this abuse of natm·e is likely to become general Now, what does this bill do? proposes to extend the juris­ 5. The extermination, throughout this country, of the so-called "plume diction of the Fish Commission flO as to include the propagation birds" is now practically complete. . and care of birds. It creates machinery for this purpose ramify­ 6. The persecution of our birds during their nesting season by egg col­ ing into nearly all the States. On this subject the bill provides: lectors and by boys generally has become so universal as t-o demand l,=e­ diate and special attention. The duties and powers of said commission are enlarged so as to inchlde­ 7. Excepting in a few localities, existing measures for the protection of birds, as they are carried into effect, are notoriously inadequate for the main­ What?- tenance of a proper balance of bird life. 8. Destructive agencies are constantly on the increase. the propagation, distribution, transportation, introduction, and restoration 9. Under present conditions, and e;xcepting in a few localities, the prac­ of game bu·ds and other wild birds useful to man. tical annihilation of all our birds, except the smallest species, and within a How about propagation? For this purpose there are needed comparatively short 11eriod, may be regarded as absolutely certain to occur. 10. If the present war of extermination is to be terminated, drastic meas aviaries, incubators, etc. The scientific gentlemen, of course, know ures must be adopted and resolutely carried-out; and the crusade for pro· all about how eggs should be hatched, and all that kind of thing. taction must be general. No halfway measures will suffice; and it is to be Then there must be provision for distribution, transportation, expected that some of the destroyers will be displeased. introduction, and restoration-of what? Game birds. · Are the The only question, Mr. Speaker, now before the House is as to a forests of the country, on account of the restoration or the propa­ conference upon the amendments added to the bill in the Senate gation of birds, to yield food to seventy-five millions of people in upon the motion of the distinguished Senator from Massachusetts the same way that the waters of the country, as is claimed, equal [Mr. HoA.R], who added by his motion to the House bill a bill acre for acre, in food-producing capacity, our agricultural lands? pending in that body. His proposition is one for which I have I guess not. hearty sympathy and, I believe, is a wise supplement to the bill I do not know exactly what kind of birds this bill refers to. as it passed this House; but there are some portions of the lan­ "Game birds and other wild birds useful to man." In reading guage of the amendment that ought t o be corrected, and this con­ some of Boccaccio's stories in the Decameron I have thou,ght at ference ought to be agreed to. For instance, section 3 prohibits times that I should be very glad indeed if the sweet-singing birds the transportation of birds to be used or sold from any State or could be repro bill a fair trial. alone and trust their protection and propagation to the States. Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, I have listened with great inter­ Mr. COX. When the gentleman speaks of the Nation with a est to the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. LA.CEY]. In a word, what big "N," what does he mean by that big "N?" does this bill propose to do if enacted into law? Take the House Mr. CANNON. I am speaking of the power of the Federal bill. I agree to the criticism which the gentleman makes on the Government. Now, as I look at this bill, I see nothing in it but Senate amendments. If the bill is to pass at all, it ought to go to extravagance and mischief. Gentlemen say we can withhold ap­ conference and the Senate amendments ought to be eliminated or propriations. But when we once begin to build aviaries, with all modified. There is no contention between thegentlemanand my­ the expenses attending them, we do not know where the matter pelf touching that point. But as to the House bill, let us see will stop. We do not know whether they will be heated with what it proposes to do. Under it the United States Commission steam heat or hot water or some other arrangement which these 1899~ - CiONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 631 scientific gentlemen may devise. When an aviary has been estab­ Mr. DOCKERY. It is the usual resolution. lished in the district of one Representative, other Representatives The resolution was considered, and agreed to. will want aviaries established in their districts. Of course it will be all right while we are here; but when we pass away, we do not LITTLE RIVER VALLEY RAILWAY COMPANY, INDIAN TERRITORY. know what may be done by those who are to follow us. [Laugh- Mr. McRAE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for the ter.] immediate consideration of the bill (H. R. 11116) to authorize the Is the object to be attained (I speak, now, seriously) worth the Little River Valley Railway Company to construct and operate a expense? It seems to me it is not; and we shall scarcely be able I r~ilway t~rough the Choctaw and Chickasaw nations, in the In­ to hold this exp. enditure in check when we get a lot of scientific dian Terntory, and branches thereof, and for other purposes. gentlemen-bird propagators-employed in this work throughout ~he bill was read. It provides that the Little River Valley the length and breadth of the country. Each one· has his friend Railway Company, a corporation under and by virtue of the laws or friends in the various districts. I of the State of Arkansas, be, and the same is hereby, invested and Now, Mr. Speaker, I would just like to test the sense of the empowered with the right of locating, constructing, owning, and House touching this matter by entering a motion to indefinitely . equipping, operating. using, and maintaining a railway, telegraph, postpone the consideration of this bill and the Senate amendment. Iand telephone lines through the Choctaw and Chickasaw nations, The question was t::>,ken; and the Speaker announ~ed that the in th~ Indian Territory, begin~ing at the point where said rail way "noes" had prevailed. now mtersects the boundary lme between the State of Arkansas Mr. CANNON. The" noes" evidently have it; but I will take and the Choctaw Nation, in Little River County, Ark.; thence the sense of the House by a rising vote. I believe that we have running by the most feasible and practical route in a westerly the most votes, but they made the most noise. [Laughter.] direction through said Choctaw Nation to such point at or near The question was taken; and on a division there were-ayes 39, Atoka, i_n s~id nation, as said c~rpo~ation may select; thence from noes 71. STI:Ch pomtmanorthwesterly direct10n upthevalleyoftheWashita So the motion to indefinitely postpone was rejected. Rive~·, through the Choctaw and Chickasaw nations, to the bound- The SPEAKER. The question recurs on the motion to non- ary hne between the Chickasaw Nation and Oklahoma Territory; concur in the Senate amendment. and at the most feasible and practical points on the main line con- . The motion was agreed to. templated therein opposite the towns of Clarksville and Paris. in The SPEAKER. The question is now on agreeing to the con- the State of Texas, the said railway company is invested with like ference requested by the Senate. a:uth~rity to build and operate branc)les thereof from said main The motion was agreed to. hne m the Choctaw Nation to Red River or the boundary line be- The SPEAKER announced the appointment of Mr. PERKINS, tween the State of Texas and the Choctaw Nation. Mr. PAYNE, and Mr. TALBERT as conferees on the part of the The S!?EAKER. Isthereobjection tothepresentconsideration House. of the bill? · STENOGRAPHER, COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS. There was no objection. . Mr. BULL. Mr. Speaker, on behalf of the Committee on Ac- Mr. McRAE. Mr. Speaker, the word "thereof," in line 14 of counts I desire to submit some privileged resolutions and ask page 10• should read" thereafter." It is a typographical error and their immediate consideration by the House. is correctly stated in the report. I move that amendment. The amendment was agreed to. The SPEAKER. The resolutions will be read. The amendments reported by the Committee on Indian Affa1'rs The Clerk read as follows: were agreed to. ResolvPd, That the Committee on Rivet'S and Harbors of this House be al- Th lowed $1!i0 for a stenographer and typewriter for the use of said committee e bill as amended was ordered to be engrossed and read a during the remainder of this session, out of the contingent fund of the House. third time; and it was accordingly read the third time, and passed. · The resolution was considered, and agreed to. On motion of M1·. McRAE, a motion to reconsider the last vote ORDER OF BUSINESS. was laid on the table. Mr. McRAE. Mr. Speaker- KANSAS, OKLAHOMA CENTRAL AND SOUTHWESTERN RAILWAY Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now ad­ COMPANY, INDIAN TERRITORY. journ. Mr. BRODERICK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for Mr. McRAE. I hope the gentleman from New York will not the present consideration of the bill (H. R. 11098) to extend and insist on that motion for the present; but let me make a request amend the provisions of an act entitled "An act to grant the right to the House. of way to the Kansas, Oklahoma Central and Southwestern Rail­ Mr. BULL. Mr. Speaker, I presented three resolutions which way Company through the Indian Territory and Oklahoma Terri­ were privileged. tory, and for other purposes," approved December 21, 1893. and The SPEAKER. But the motion to adjourn takes p1·ecedence. also to extend and amend the provisions of a supplemental act Mr. PAYNE. I will withdraw the motion temporarily. approved February 15,1897, entitled "An act to extend and amend ASA G. STRATTON. an act entitled 'An act to grant the right of way to the Kansas The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the next resolution pre­ Oklahoma Central and Southwestem Railway Company throu(J'h sented from the Committee on Accounts. the Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory, and for other p;t·- poses.'" 1 The Clerlr read as follows: The bill was read. It provides that the provisions of an act .en­ Resol?;ed, That the Clerk of the Honse be, and he is hereby, directed to ay, out of the contingent fund of the House, to Asa G. Stratton the sum of titled "An act to grant the right of way to the Kansas, Oklahoma 1.60, being the amount due him as the clerk of the Ron. William F. Love Central and Southwestern Railway Company through the Indian rate Representative from the Sixth Congressional district of Mississippi Territory and Oklahoma Territory, and for other purposes," ap­ 1 16,1898, F. from October to October at which time Ron. William Love d1ed p~~ved December 21, 1893, and also to extend and amend the pro­ The resolution was considered and agreed to. VlSions of an act approved February 15, 1897, entitled "An act to ADDITIONAL FORCE, DOORKEEPER HOUSE OF REPRESE TATIVES. extend and amend an act entitled 'An act to grant the right of The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the next resolution. way to the Kansas, Oklahoma Central and Southwestern Railway The Clerk read a.s follows: Company through the Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory. Resolved, That the Doorkeeper of the House be, and is hereby authm·ized ~nd for ~ther purposes,'" be, and the same are hereby, extended to emp)oy eight additional folders in the folding room of the HouSe at a com­ for a p~nod of three years from and after December 21, 1898 , so pensation at the rate of $75 each per month, to be paid out of the contingent that sa1d Kansas, Oklahoma Central and Southwestern Railway fund of the House: Provided, That all such employees shall be dropped from the rolls of the Doorkeeper at a period not later than one month from the Company shall have until December 21, 1901, to build ihe first 100 expiration of the present session of Congress. miles.of its said railway line in said Territories and as described Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I desire to ask if this report is pre­ in said above-mentioned act approved December 21, 1893, and two sented by any committee of the House? years thereafter to complete the same. The SPEAKER. It is reported by the Committee on Accounts. · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consideration Mr. COX. I would like to ask the chairman of the committee of the bill? what is the necessity for this additional appointment? There was no objection. Mr. BULL. The committee has been informed that the extra The amendments recommended by the Committee on Indian force is necessary to carry on the work of the office. It is very Affairs were :lgreed to. ' much behind at this time. 'J.'he ?ill as al?ended was ?rdered to be engrossed and read a This is not askinO', I will state, for an additional force. In the third tim~; and It was accordmgly read the third time, and passed. last Congress we bad 15 men employed at this time in the session On motion of Mr. BRODERICK. a motion to reconsider the last for this purpose. So this is less than the number usua1ly granted vote was laid on the table. ' in the dosing session of a Congress. LEAVE TO PRINT. Mr. COX. It is a privileged matter? Mr. GAINES. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to print The SPEAKER. It is, being a pa)'ment out of the contin()"ent in the RECORD a copy of the ordinance of 1787, under which the fund of the House on the recommendation of the Committe~ on territory northwest of the Ohio River was controlled. I ask that Accounts. it be printed for the gener al information of the House. 632 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD~HOUSE .- JANUARY 12,

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Tennessee asks unani­ happen in the council, by death or removal from office, the house of repre· RECORD sentativesshall.nominate two persons, qualified as aforesaid, for each vacancy; mous consent to print in the in connection with his re­ and return their names to Congress; one of whom Congress shall appoint and marks a copy of the ordinance of 1787 relating to the Northwest commission for the residue of the term; and every five years, four months Territory. Is there objection? at least before the expiration of the time of service of the members of coun­ cil, the sa.i~ house shall nominate ten persons, qualified as aforesaid, and There was no objection. return their names to Congress; five of whom Congress shall appoint and The matter referred to is asfollows : commission to serve as members of the council five years, unless sooner An ordinance for the government of the territory of the United States north­ removed. And the governor, legislative council, and hou.se of representa­ tives shl;lll ~ve authority to make laws.. in. all cases, f01: the &"ood trovernment west of the river Ohio. of the .diStrict, not repngnan t to the prmc1ples and articles m this ordinance Be it ordained by the United States in Cong1·ess assembled, That the said established and declared. And all bills, having passed bv a majority in the territory, for the puryose of a temporary government, be one district, sub­ house and by a majority in the council, shall be referred ·to the governor for ject, however, to be divided into two districts, as future circumstances may, his assent; but no .bill or legislative act whatever shall be of any force with­ in the opinion of Cona-ress, make it expedient. out his assent. The governor shall have power to convene, prorogue and Be it ordained by the auth01"ity afon said, That the estates both of resident dissolve the gene~al assembly, w~en in his_opinion it shall be expedient: and nonresident proprietors in the said t erritory, dying intestate, shall de­ The governor, JUdges, legtSlative council, secretary, and such o ther offi­ scend to and be distributed among their children and the descendants of a cers as Congress shall appoint in the district shall take an oath or affirma­ deceased child in equal parts; the descendants of a deceased child or grand­ tion of fide-lity and of office; the governor before the President of Congre3s child to take the share of their deceased parent in equal parts among them; and all other officers before the governor. As soon as a legislature shall m; and where there shall be no children or descendants, then in equal parts to formed in the district, the council and house, assembled in one room shall the next of kin in equal degree; and among collaterals, the children of a have authority by joint ballot to elect a Delegate to Congress, who shallbav~ deceased brother or sister of the intestate shall have in equal parts among a seat in Congress, with a right of debating but not of voting during thi.'l them their deceased parent's share; and there shall in no case be a distinction temporary government. between kindred of the whole and half blood; saving in all cases to the widow 4Dd for ex ten din~ the fundamental principles of !!ivil and religious liberty, of the intestate her third part of the real estate for life and one-third part whiCh form the baSis whereon these republics, their laws and constitutions of the personal estate; and this law relative to descents and dower shall re­ are erected; to fix: and establish those principles as the ba-sis of all laws, con­ main in full force until altered by the legislature of the district. And until stitutions, and governments which forever hereafter shall be formed in the governor and jud~es shall adopt laws as hereinafter mentioned, estates the said territory; to provide also for the establishment of States and per­ in the said territory may be devised or bequeathed by wills in writin~, signed manent government therein, and for their admission to a share in the Federal and sealed by him or her in whom the estate may be (being of full age), and councils on an equal footing with the original States at as early periods as attested by three witnesses; and real estates may be conveyed by lease and may be consistent with the general interest: re-lt>ase, or bargain and sale, signed, sealed, and delivered by the person, It is hereby o1·dained and declm·ed.: by the authority aj01·esaid, That the bein~ of full age, in whom the estate may be, and attested by two witnesses, following articles shall be considereu as articles of compact between the proVlded such wills be duly proved and such conveyances be acknowledged, original States and the people and States in the said Terntory, and forever or the execution thereof duly proved, and be recorded within one year after remain unalterable, unless by common consent, to wit: proper magistrates, courts. and registers shall be appointed for that purpose; ART.l. No person, demeaning himself ina peaceable and orderly manner, ana personal property may be transferred by delivery, saving, however1 to shall ever be molested on account of his mode of worship or religwus senti­ the French and Canadian inhabitants, and other settlers of the Kaskaskies. ments in the said Territory. St. Vincent's, and the neighboring villages, who have heretofore professed ART. 2. '.rhe inhabitants of the said Territory shall always be entitled to themselves citizens of Virginia. their laws and customs now in force among the benefits of the writ of habeas corpus and of the trial by jury; of a pro­ them relative to the descent and conveyance of property. portionate representation of the people in the legislature. and of judicial Be it ordained b1f the authmity afm·esaid, That there shall be appointed from proceedings according to the cou r se of the common law. . All persons shall be time to time, by Congress, a governor, whose commission shall continue in bailable, unless for capital offenses, where the proof shall be evident or the force for the term of three years, unless sooner revoked by Congress. He presumption great. All fines shall be moderate and no cruel or unusual pun­ shall reside in the district and have a freehold estate therein in 1,000 acres of IShments shall be inflicted. No man shall be deprived of his liberty or prop­ land while in the exercise of his office. erty, but by the judgment of his peers or the law of the land, and should the· There shall be appointed from time to time by Congress a secretary, wliose public exigencies make it necessary, for the common preservation, to tako commission shall continue in force for four years, unless sooner revoked. He any person's property, or to demand his particular services, full compensa­ shall reside in the district and have a freehold estate therein in 500 acres of land tion shall be made for the same. And, in the just preservation of rights and while in the exercise of his office. It shall be his duty to keep and preserve property, it is understood and declared that no law ought ever to be made, the acts and laws passed by the legislature, and thepublicrecordsof the dis­ or have force in the said Territor y, that shall in any manner whatever inter­ trict, and the proceedings of the governor in his executive department, and fere with or affect private contracts or engagem ents, bona fide, and without transmit authentic copies of such acts and proceedings every six: months to frand previously formed. the Secretary of Congress. There shall also be ap-pointed a court, to consist ART. 3. ReligiOn, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good gov­ of three judges, any two of whom to form a court, who shall have a common­ ernment, and the happines~ of mankind, schools, and the means of education, law jurisdiction and reside in the district, and have each therein a freehold shall forever be encoura~ed. The utmost good faith shall always be observed estate in 500 acres of land while in the exercise of theiz: offices, and their com­ toward the Indians; their lands and property shall never be taken from them missions shall continue in force durin~ good behavior. without their consent; and in their property, rights, and liberty, they never The governor and judges. or a maJority of them, shall adopt and publish shall be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by in the district such laws of the original States, criminal and civil, as may be Congress; but laws founded in justice and humanity shall, from time to time, necessary and best suited to the circumstances of the district, and report be made, for preventing wrongs being done to them, and for preserving peace them to Congress from time to time, which laws shall be in force in the dis­ and friendship with them. trict until the organization of the general assembly therein, unless disap­ ART 4. The said Territory, and the States which may be formed therein, proved of bv Congress; but afterwards the legislature shall have authority shall forever remain a part of this Confederacy of the United States of America, to alter thein as they shall think fit. subject to the Articles of Confederation, and to such alterations therein as The governor, for the time being, shall be commander in chief of the mili­ shall be constitutionally made; and to all the acts and ordinancas of the tia, appoint and commission all officers in the same below the rank of general United States, in Congress assembled, conformable thereto. The inhabitants officersj all general officers shall be appointed and commissioned by Congress. and settlers in the said Territory shall be subject to pay a part of the Federal PreVlOUS to the organization of the Reneral assembly, the governor shall debts, contracted or to be contracted, and a proportional part of the expenses appoint such magistrates and other civil officers, in each county or township, of government, to be apportioned on them by Congress, according to the as he shall find necessary for the ])reservation of the peace and good order same common rule and measnre by which apportionments thereof shall be in the same. After the general assembly shall be organized, the powers and made on the other States; and the taxes for paying their proportion shall be duties of magistrates and other civil officers shall be regulated and defined laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the dis­ by the said assembly; but all magistrates and other civil officers, not herein tric.t or districts or new States, as in the original States, within the time ,otherwise directed, shall, during the continuance of this temporary govern­ agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled. The legislatures of ment, be appointed by the governor. those districts or new States shall never interfere with the primary disposal For the prevention of crimes and injmies, the laws to be adopted or made of the soil by the United States in Congress assembled. nor with any regula­ shall have force in all parts of the district, and for the execution of process, tions Congress may find necessary for securing the title in such soil to the criminal and civil, the governor shall make proper divisions thereof; and he bona fide purchasers. No tax: shall be imposed on lands the property of the shall proceed from timeo to time, as circumstances may require, to lay out United States; and in no case shall nonresident proprietors be taxed higher the parts of the district in which the Indian titles shall have been extin­ than residents. The navigable waters leading mto the ]fississippi and St. guished into counties and townships, subject, however, to such alterations as Lawrence, and the carrying places between the same, shall be common high­ m.'l.y thereafter be made by the legislature. ways aud forever free, as well to the inhabitants of the said Territory as to So soon as there shall be 5,000 free male inhabitants, of full age, in the dis­ the citizens of the United States, and those of any other States that may be trict, upon giving proof thereof to the governor, they shall receive authority, a-dmitted into the Confederacy, without any tax, impost. or duty therefor. with time and place, to elect representatives from their counties or town­ ART. 5. There shall be formed in the said Territory not less than three nor ~;hips, to represent them in the general assembly: Provided, That for every more than five States; and the boundaries of the States, as soon as Vir_¢nia 500 free male inhabitants there shall be one representative, and so on pro­ shall alter her act of cession, and consent to the same, shall become fi:x:eu and gressively with the number of free male inhabitants shall the right of repre­ established as follows, to wit, the western State in the sa.id Ten·itory shall be sentation increase, until the number of representatives shall amount to 25 bounded by the Mississippi, the Ohio, and Wabash rivers; a direct line drawn after which the number and proportion of representatives shall be regulated from the Wabash a.nd Post Vincents, due north to the territorial line between by the legislature: Provided That no person be eligible or qualified to act as a the United States and Canada: and by the said territorial line to the Lake of representative nnless he shall have b een a citizen of one of the United States the Woods and Mississippi. The middle States shall be bounded by the said three years, and be a resident in the district, orunlessheshallhave resided in direct line, the Wabash, fr om Post Vincents to the Ohio, by the Ohio, by a the district three years, and in either case shall likewise hold in his own right, direct line drawn due north from the mouth of the Great Miami to the said iu fee simple, 200 acres of land within the same: Provided also, That a freehold territorial line, and by the said territorial line. The eastern State shall be in 50 acres of land in the district, having been a citizen of one of the States bounded by tho last-mentioned direct line, the Ohio, Penn11ylvania, and the and being resident in the district, or the like freehold and two years' resi­ said territorial line: Provided. however, (and it is {u1·ther understood and de­ dence in the district, shall be necessary to qualify a man as an elector of a clm·ed), That the boundaries of these three States shall be subject so far to representative. be altered. that, if Congress shall hereafter find it expedient, the¥: shall have The representatives thus elected shall serve for the term of two years, and, authority to form one or two States in that part of the said 'l'err1tory which in case of the death of a representa~ive, or removal from offi4:e, the governor lies north of an east and west line drawn through theo southerly bend or ex­ shall issue a writ to the county or township for which he was a member to treme of Lake Michigan. And whenever any of the said States shall have elect another in his stead, to serve for the residue of the term. 60,000 free inhabitants therein, such State shall be admitted, hy its dele~ates, The general assembly or legislature shall consist of the governor, legisla­ into the Congress of the United Stateshon an equal footing with the original tive council, and a house of representatives. The legislative council shall States, in all respects whatever; and s all be at liherty to form a p ermanent consist of five members, to continue in office five years, unless sooner removed constitution and State government: Provided, The constitution and govern­ by Congress, any three of whom to be a quorum, and the members of the ment, so to be formed, shall be republican. and in conformity to the princi­ council shall be nominated and appointed in the following manner, to wit: ples contained in these articles; and, so far as can be consistent with the gen­ • As soon as representatives shall be elected, the governor shall appoint a time eral interest of the Confederacy, such admission shall be allowed at an earlier and place for them to meet together, and, when met, thoy shall nominate ten period, and when there may be a le&S number of free inhabitants in the State persons, residents in the district and each possessed of a freehold in 500 acres than 60,000. of land, and return their names to Congress; five of whom Congress shall ART. 6. There shall be neither Slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said appoint and commission to serve as aforesaid; and whenever a vacancy shall T err itory, otherwise t han in t he punishment of crimes, whereof the party 1899. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE: 633

shall have been duly convicted: Provided, always, That any person escaping 1735); which said bill and report were referred to the House Cal­ into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed, and conveyed endar. t;o the person claiming his or her labor or service, as aforesaid. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That the resolutions of the 28d of bill of the House (H. R.11059) to provide for the extension of the April, 1784, relative to the subject of this ordinance, be, and the same are Metropolitan Railroad along Eleventh street SE., reported the sam a hereby, repealed, and declared null and void. Done by the United States, in Congress assembled, the 13th day of July, with amendments, accompanied by a report (No. 1736); which said in the year of our Lord 1787, and of their sovereignty and independence the bill and report were referred to the House Calendar. twelfth. Mr. BURTON, from the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, to CHARLES 'rHOMSON, See~·etary. which was referred the joint resolution of the House (H. Res. 328) Mr. LACEY. I ask unanimous consent to extend in the REC· directing the Secretary of War to cause the necessary snrvey to be ORD my remarks on the game-bird bill which was under consider­ made of the channel connecting Texas City with Galveston Har­ ation to-day. bor and to submit an estimate for the improvement of the same, The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa asks unanimous reported the same without amendment, accompanied by a 1·eport consent ta extend his remarks in the RECORD. Is there objection? (No. 1743); which said resolution and report were referred to the There was no objection. House Calendar. MYSTIC RIVER, MASSACHUSETTS, Mr. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for the REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS. present consideration of House joint resolution 90, for the im­ Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, private bills and resolutions were provement of Mystic River, Massachusetts. severally reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and The joint resolution was read, as follows: referred to the Committee of the Whole House, as follows: Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of Mr. YOST. from the Committee on Claims, to whic-h was re­ America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to prepare and submit plans and estimates ferred the bill of the House (H. R.11156) for the relief of the legal for the improvement of M"istic River, Massachusetts, with a view of obtain­ representatives of the late William E. Craig, reported the same ing a depth of 25 feet and 300 feet width to a_point about 3,500 feet above without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1737); which Chelsea Bridge, so callEid, between Boston and Chelsea. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. UNDERWOOD. I wish to ask if it is usual to have this Mr. KNOWLES, from the Committee on Pensions. to which was kind of a measure incorporated in a general river and harbor bill? referred the bill of the House (H. R.10155) to increase the pension Mr. BURTON. This calls for information which is already in of Alexander Rogers, reported the same with amendment, accom­ the possession of the Department. • panied by a report (No. 1738); which said bill and report were re­ Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, that properly belongs to the Committee ferred to the Private Calendar. on Rivers and Harbors. Mr. DEGRAFFENREID, from the Committee on Pensions, to The SPEA.KER. It is reported from the Committee on Rivers which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 8754) granting an and Harbors. increase of pension to Lemon Holton, reported the same with Mr. COX. I do not understand how these special things get in, amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1739); which said bill but I will not object. It seems to me, though, that it is mighty and report were referred to the Private Calendar. curious. Mr. UNDERWOOD. I understand the gentleman to say that this information is already in possession of the Department, and PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS that this does not require any expenditure. INTRODUCED. Mr. BURTON. It does not require any expenditure. Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials T,be joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed and read a third of the following titles were introduced and severally referred as time; and it was accordingly read the third time, and passed. follows: On motion of Mr. BURTON, a motion to reconsider the last By Mr. GRIFFIN: A bill (H. R . 11555) to increase the army vote was laid on the table. ration-to the Committee on Military Affairs. ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED, By Mr. DAVENPORT (by request): A bill (H. R. 11556) to promote the efficiency of the clerical service in the Navy of the Mr. HAGER, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported United States, to organize a clerical corps of the Navy. of the that they had examined and found truly enrolled bills of the fol- United States, to define its duties, and regulate its pay-to the Com­ lowing titles; when the Speaker signed the same: · mittee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 1037. An act to remove the charge of desertion standing By Mr. FITZGERALD: A bill (H. R.11557) for the purpose of against the name of Patrick Dougherty, Company A, Thirteenth granting pensions to survivors of the war of 1861 to 1865 who have New York Volunteer lnfantrv; and reached the age of 60 years and over-to the Committee on Pen­ H, R. 5113. An act to remove the charge of desertion from and sions. to correct the military record of Capt. William Churchill, late a By Mr. YOUNG: A bill (H.R.11558) toauthorizetheMaryland private of Company K, Second Regiment of United States Cavalry. Suburban Railway Company, of Maryland, to extend its line of LEAVE OF ABSENCE. road into and within the District of Columbia-to the Committee By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted to Mr. on the District of Columbia. WHITE of North Carolina for eight days, on account of important By Mr. BABCOCK: A bill (H. R.11570) to cause the removal of business. weeds from lands in the city of Washington, D. C., and for other And then, on motion of 1\Ir. PAYNE (at 5 o'clock and 14 minutes purposes-to the Committee on the District of Columbia. p. m.), the House adjourned. By Mr. OSBORNE: A bill (H. R.11571) to establish an execu­ tive department of mineralogy and mining-to the Committee on EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. Mines and .Mining. Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, a letter from the Secretary of By Mr. SPIGHT: A bill (H. R. 11572) to prohibit the payment War, tranemitting, with a favorable recommendation, petitions of of bounty or prize money to officers and enlisted men of the certain civilian employees in his Department for compensation for United States Navy-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. extra labor, was taken from the Speaker·s table, referred to the Also, a bill (H. R. 11573) to increase the pension of all soldiers Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. of the Mexican war-to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. ELLIOTT: A joint resolution (H. Res. 329) directing the REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND survey of Lynchs River, South Carolina, with a view to its im­ RESOLUTIONS. provement-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. By Mr. ACHESON: A resolution (House Con. Res. No. 61) that Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills and resolutions were severally the Secretary of War be directed to examine as to the means neces­ reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and referred to sary to preserve the harbor of Pittsburg, Pa.-to the Committee on the several Calendars therein named, as follows: Rivers and Harb9rs. Mr. LITTLE, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 11268) to authorize the Arkansas and Choctaw Railway Company to construct and operate PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. a railway through the Choctaw and Chickasaw nations, in the Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions of Indian Territory, and for other purposes, reported the same with the following titles were introduced and severally referred as amendments, accompanied by a report (No. 1734); which said follows: bill and report were referred to the House Calendar. By Mr. BERRY: A bill (H. R.11559) granting pension to Ellen Mr. CURTIS of Iowa, from the Committee on the District of Morris, widow of Timothy Morris, late fireman United States Columbia, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 4626) steamer Susquehanna, deceased-to the Committee on Invalid to change the proceedings for admission to the Government Hos­ Pensions. pital for the Insane in certain cases, and for other purposes, re­ By Mr. FARIS: A bill (H. R. 11560) for the relief of Lieut. llOI'ted the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. Horace P. Mcintosh-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. 634 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 13,

By Mr. GRIFFITH: A bill (H. R. 11561) granting an increase People's Christian Union of Abington, Mass., in favor of legisla­ of pension to William T. McGowan, of North Vernon, Ind.-to tion. to prohibit the sale of liqu~r in canteens and in immigrant the Committee on Invalid Pensions. stations and Government bmldmgs-to the Committee on Alco­ Also, a bill (H. R. 11562) removing the charge of desertion from holic Liquor Traffic. the military record of Myron H. McMullen-to the Committee on Also, petition of the Young People's Christian Union of AbinO'­ Military Affairs. ton, Mass., to maintain prohibition in Alaska and Indian Teni­ By Mr. IDCKS: A bill (H. R. 11563) to increase the pension of tory, and to extend it to our new half-civilized dependencies-to Jane Stephens, widow of Jacob Stephens-to the Committee on the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. Invalid Pensions. By Mr. SMITH of Kentucky: Petition of Thomas J. Sparks, for · By Mr. HOWELL: A bill (H. R. 11564) to increase pension of an increase of pension-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Adele W. Elmer-to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. SAMUEL W. SMITH: Petitions of various Christian · By Mr. LOVERING: A bill (H. R. 11565) granting an increase associations of Mason, Ingham County, Mich .. praying for the of pension to Orange S. Pratt-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ enactment of legislation•to prohibit the sale of liquor in canteens sions. of the Army and Navy and of Soldiers' Homes, and in immigrant Also, a bill (H. R. 11566) granting an increase of pension to stations and Government buildings-to the Committee on Alco­ Charles W. Lovejoy-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. holic Liquor Traffic. Also, a bill (H. R.11567) to remove the charge of desertion from By Mr. SULZER: Petition of the New York State Woman the military record of Samuel Smith-to the Committee on Mili­ Suffrage Association, asking that the words" men and women" tary Affairs. be substituted for the word" male" in the p~ans of commission By Mr. WEYMOUTH: A bill (H. R. 11568) granting an increase for Hawaiian government-to the Committee on the Territories. of pension to William B. Paul-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ By Mr. VINCENT: Papers to accompany House bill No. 11526, sions. for the relief of John Grady-to the Committee on Military Af­ Also, a bill (H. R. 11569) granting a pensjon to Abraham Bige­ fairs. low, jr.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · By 1\·lr. ODELL: A resolution (House Res. No. 366) that the Clerk of the Bouse of Representatives pay to Theron Potts $312.90 SENATE. for services in folding room-to the Committee on Accounts. · By Mr. JOY: A resolution (House Res. No. 367) that the Clerk FRIDAY, January 13, 1899. of the House of Representatives pay to William Keith the sum of Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H . MILBURN, D. D. $266.19 for services in folding room-to the Committee on Ac­ The Secretary proc.eeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro· counts. ceedings, when, on motion of Mr. HALE, and by unanimous con­ sent, the further reading was dispensed with. PETITIONS, ETC. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Journal stands approved. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers INDIAN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL L.~ MONTANA. were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a commu­ By Mr. BABCOCK: Letter of the Commissioners of the District nication from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a report of Columbia, to accompany House bill No. 11532, relating to cer­ from the Commissioner of Indian Affairs relative to the practica­ tain outstanding certificates issued by the board of audit and the bility and desirability and cost of establishing an Indian industrial board of public works of th.e District of Columbia-to the Com­ school on the Fort Keogh Military Reservation, in the State of mittee on Claims. Montana; which, with the accompanying papers, was referred to Also, petition of citizens of Wonewoc, Wis. , asking for legisla­ the Committee on Military A.ffairs, and ordered to be printed. tion to prohibit the sale of liquor in canteens and in immigrant ADDITIONAL EMPLOYEES IN GENERAL LAND OFFICE. stations and Government buildings-to the Committee on Alco­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a commu­ holic Liquor Traffic. nication from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a letter By Mr. ELLIOTT: Petition of Hon. W. D. Morgan and other from the Secretary of the Interior submitting an estimate of ap· citizen~ of the State of North Carolina, praying for the improve­ ment of the Waccamaw and other r ivers in South Carolina-to propriation for additional force of employees in the General Land ·the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Office for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, amounting to By Mr. F ARlS: Paper to accompany House bill in behalf of $16,660; which, with the accompanying papers, was referred to the Lieut. H. P. Mcintosh, United States Navy, retired-to the Com­ Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. mittee on Naval Affairs. INDEBTEDNESS OF CHOCTAW NATION. By Mr. FITZGERALD: Resolutions of the Merchants' Associa­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a commu­ tion of Boston, Mass., asking for the passage of a bill compelling nication from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a copy express companies to pay stamp tax, and for certain modifications of the memorial to the Congress of the United States by the gen­ of the revenue law-to the Committee on Ways and Means. eral council of the Choctaw Nation, praying that Congress appro­ Also, resolutions of the Boston Merchants' Association, in refer­ priate out of the funds of that nation the sum of $75,000 to be used ence to restoring ocean carrying trade in vessels sailing under the in discharging its outstanding indebtedness, and also a report American flag-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ upon the memorial by the United States Indian inspector for the merce. Indian Territory, etc., :1.. nd recommendingfavorableaction thereon; Also, resolution of the Boston Merchants' Association, in relation which, with the accompanying papers, was referred to the Com­ to a sound and stable system of finance, and asking for legislation mittee on Indian Affairs, and ordered to be printed. to insure the permanence of the gold standard of value-to the REPORT OF INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. Committee on Banking and Currency. Also, resolution of the Merchants' Association of Boston, Mass., The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com­ in favor of the continuation of the work on the Broad Sound munication from the Chairman of the Interstate Commerce Com­ project, in Boston Harbor-to the Committee on Rivers and Har­ mission, transmitting, in accordance with the provisions of the act bors. to regulate commerce, the Twelfth Annual Report of the Inter­ Also, petition of the Merchants' Association of New York City, state Commerce Commission; which, with the accompanying re­ asking for the passage of House bill No. 2524, relating to the reor­ P9rt, was referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce, and ganization of the consular service-to the Committee on Foreign ordered to be printed. Affairs. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. By Mr. GREENE of Massachusetts: Petition of citizens and Mr. HALE presented a petition of the Board of Trade of Port­ mariners of Hyannis, Mass., relating to the .improv-ement of land, 1\Ie., and a petition of the Board of Trade of Biddeford, Me., Hyannis Harbor-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. praying for the enactment of legislation to increase American By Mr. GRIFFITH: Resolution of Wheeler Post, No. 98, of shipping; which were referred to the Committee on Commerce. Versailles, Department of Indiana, Grand Army of the Republic. .:Mr. ALLEN presented a petition of the Interstate National in favor of Senate bill No. 3256, in relation to civil service and Guard Association, praying that adequate provision be made for appointments-to the Committee on Reform·in the Civil Service. the instruction and care of the National Gua1·d of the United . Also, petitions of Gordon Post, No. 201, Department of Indiana. States; which was referi·ed to the Committee on Military Affairs. Grand Army of the Republic, 0. Biddinger and othe1·s, Capt. Mr. HOAR presented a petition of the Young People's Christian Charles B. Johnson, county officers and other citizens of Ripley Union of the First Universalist Church of North Attleboro, Mass., County, Ind., in support of House bill for the relief of Myron H. praying for the enactment of legislation to prohibit the sale of McMullen-to the Committee on Military Affairs. liquor in canteens of the Army and Navy and of Soldiers' Homes, Also, petition of William T. McGowan, in support of bill for and in immigrant stations and Government buildings; which was _an increase of his pension-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. LOVERING: P etition of the members of the Young Be also presented the memorials of J. R. Kirnan and 17 other