Bolbitius Excoriatus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a New Species from Spain

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Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database

Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature

Zeitschrift/Journal: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde

Jahr/Year: 2010

Band/Volume: 19

Autor(en)/Author(s): Hausknecht Anton, Contu Marco E., Krisai-Greilhuber Irmgard, Dähncke Rose Marie, Vizzini Alfredo

Artikel/Article: Bolbitius excoriatus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a new species from Spain. 121-126 ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr. Z. Pilzk. 19(2010) 121

Bolbitius excoriatus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a new species from Spain

ANTON HAUSKNECHT ROSE MARIE DÄHNCKE Fakultätszentrum fur Biodiversität Finca "Los Castaneros", Universität Wien E-38710 Brcfia Alta, La Palma Rennweg 14 Canary Islands, Spain A-1030 Wien, Austria Email: [email protected]

MARCO CONTU ALFREDO VIZZINI Via Marmilla, 12 Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale 1-07026 Olbia (OT), Italy Universitä di Torino Viale Mattioli 25 1-10125 Torino, Italy IRMGARD KRISAI-GREILHUBER Fakultätszentrum für Biodiversität Universität Wien Rennweg 14 A-1030 Wien, Austria

Accepted 12.8.2010

Key words: Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, Bolbitiaceae, Bolbitius, Bolbitius excoriatus, spec. nova. - New species, systematics. - Mycoflora of Spain.

Abstract: A new species of Bolbitius, B. excoriatus, collected on horse dung in Spain is described. Its differences to similar species are discussed; a colour plate and microscopical drawings are given.

Zusammenfassung: Eine neue Art der Gattung Bolbitius, B. excoriatus, wird beschrieben. Sie wurde auf Pferdemist in Spanien gesammelt. Ihre Unterschiede zu ähnlichen Arten werden diskutiert, eine Farb- abbildung und Mikrozeichnungen werden gegeben.

During field work in Spain in 1994, one of us, R. M. DÄHNCKE, had the chance to collect, on horse dung, several basidiomata of an apparently unknown species of Bol- bitius FR. The brown, excoriate pileus surface, the lilac tinge of the underlaying surface and the micromorphology, mainly spore size and shape, revealed distinct differences with regard to the most similar species and, therefore, this fungus is here described as a new species.

Material and methods

The macroscopical description results from the study of fresh material by R. M. DÄHNCK.E. The mi- cromorphological data are based on herbarium material reinflated by using ammonia coloured with Congo Red. Spore colour is checked by using KOH and spore measurements are based on means of 20 spores. Herbarium abbreviations follow THIERS (2010). The Latin description of the new species was deposited in MycoBank. ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 122 A. HAUSKNECHT & al.: Bolbilius excohatus

Botbitius excoriatus DÄHNCKE, HAUSKN., KRISAI, CONTU & VIZZINI, spec, nova (Figs. 1 a-e, 2) Mycobank MB 519280

Latin description: Pileus 20-40 mm latus, hemisphaericus dein explanatus, ad medium haud vel levissime umbonatus, unitus, levis vel tomentosus, brunneus et in squamis brunneis excoriatus, prope marginem roseo-lilacinus, plicato-sulcatus, pilei cutis Macrolepiotam konradii revocans. Lamellae confertae, tenues, ferrugineae, in juventute albidae, adnatae. Stipes 25-40 x 2-3 mm, albus deinde pallide flavidus, in juventute flocculosus sed in senectute glaber. Caro fragillima, odore terroso praedita. Sporae valde variabiles, 8,5-10 * 6-7 x 5,5-6 urn, mediano 9,3 * 6,5 x 5,8 urn, lenti- formes, subhexagonales vel hexagonales, crasse tunicatae, poro germinativo magno. Basidia tetraspora. Acies lamellarum heterogenea, multiplex, consistens dementis late fusiformibus, lageniformibus vel utriformibus atque basidiis. Pleurocystidia absentia. Pileipellis hymeniformis consistens dementis sphaeropedunculatis ad clavatis, pileocystidia absentia. Habitatio in fimo equino gregarius. Perrarus. Holotypus: Hispania, Cataluna, Berga, San Llorenco, Finca "Campas", 3. 10. 1994, leg. ROSE MARIE DÄHNCKE (WU 16355).

Characters:

Pileus: 20-40 mm wide, first oviform to ellipsoid, hemispherical, later flat convex to plano-convex and expanding, not or rarely distinctly umbonate; young brown, then around centre surface splitting up into concentrical zones of adnate to slightly uplifted concolorous patches to squamules; not hygrophanous, striate-plicate towards the margin and subpectinate in age, surface seemingly dry. Margin even very young without veil traces. Lamellae: free, crowded, slightly ventricose, very thin, first white, later yellow- brown to rubiginous, with paler, slightly flocculose lamellar edge, not deliquescent. Stipe: 25-40 mm long, 2-3 mm thick, first stout, soon expanding, cylindrical, white for a long time, then yellowish, flocculose, but soon smooth, hollow. Context: thin, brittle, smell and taste weak, slightly like earth, white, above lamellae ochraceous, inside stipe older slightly yellowish. Spore print: rubiginous (MOSER 1983: C 6). Spores: 8.5-10 * 6-7 * 5.5-6 um, mean 9.3 * 6.5 x 5.8 um, Q = 1.35-1.55, lentiform, hexagonal, thick-walled, with a wide, central germ-pore, orange- to rusty yellow in K.OH. Clamp connections: not seen. Basidia: 4-spored, 20-29 x 11-12.5 u,m. Pseudoparaphyses: present. Cheilocystidia: 22-40 x 12-20 urn, widely lageniform, utriform to subfusi- form, hyaline, thin-walled, not encrusted; lamellar edge not entirely sterile, basidia immixed. Pleurocystidia: absent. Stipitipellis: especially at stipe apex consisting of very variable, cylindrical, clavate, slightly utriform, ellipsoid to spherocatenulate elements (30-65 x 8-25 urn). ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr. Z. Pilzk. 19(2010) 123

Fig. 1 a-e. Bolbitius excoriatus (WU 16355, holotype). a spores, * 2000, b basidia, x 800, c cheilocystidia, x 800, d caulocystidia, * 800, e pileipellis, * 800. /, g. Bolbitius aff. excorialus (MA 38323). /spores, x 2000, g cheilocystidia, * 800. ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 124 A. HAUSKNECHT & al.: Bolbitius excohatus i

Pileipellis: hymeniform, young mostly consisting of clavate elements (30-35 x 6-12 urn), later increasingly widely clavate to spheropedunculate (-20 urn wide); especially young covered by slime. Pileocystidia absent. Habitat: on horse dung, gregarious. Collections examined (besides holotype): Bolbitius aff. excoriatus: Spain: Asturias, Somiedo, La Trapa, 27. 8. 1997, leg. E. RUBIO DOMINGUEZ (MA 38323, as Bolbitius vitellimis). Bolbitius ferrugineus: Italy: Basilicata, Potenza, Atella, Laghi di Monticchio. 15. 11. 2000, leg. E. ARNOLDS (L, holotype). Bolbitius fissus: Sri Lanka: Kandy, Peradenya, Botanic Garden, Jan. 1869, G. H. THWAITES (K 165840 and 165841, isotypes). Bolbitius malesianus: Malaysia: Sabah, Kinabalu, Bembagan River, 25. 2. 1964, leg. E. J. H. CORNER (E, holotype). Bolbitius muscicola: New Zealand: Manawatu-Wanganui, Levin, Tararuas, 18. 6. 1949, leg. G. STEVENSON (K, isotype). Bolbitius reticulatus var. australis: Argentina: Tierra del Fuego, Tierra Mayor, 2. 3. 1974, leg. E. HORAK (ZT, holotype).

Observations:

The new species from San Llorenco is remarkable in several aspects. Up to now in the genus Bolbitius there is no species known worldwide with such excoriate, splitting up pileus surface (ARNOLDS 2005; PEGLER 1986; RAITHELHUBER 1990; SINGER 1978, 1986; WATLING 1982, 1992, 1994; WATLING & GREGORY 1981; WATLING & TAY- LOR 1987). Other outstanding features of our new species are the hexagonal shape of the spores and their medium size as well as the brown tinge of the young pileus when the surface is not yet splitted during growth. None of the known species combine all these features.

A further collection from Spain (see collections examined) comes microscopically very close (Fig. 1 f, g). It has similarly hexagonal and lentiform spores that are slightly larger (9-11 x 6.5-7.5 x 6-7 urn, on average 10.3 x 7.2 x 6.4 urn) and it also has somewhat larger cheilocystidia (up to 45 x 27 urn). The pale brown-coloured exsiccatum is in bad condition, basidia and pileipellis are collapsed; as no field notes are available, the only comparable characters are shape and size of spores.

Similar taxa which could be eventually misidentified are the following:

Bolbitius ferrugineus ARNOLDS, recently described from Italy (ARNOLDS 2003), differs by warm orange-brown, glutinous, not excoriate pileus and ellipsoid, not compressed or hexagonal spores that are much paler (pale yellow) in KOH. The pileipellis consists of clavate elements (only 8-15 urn wide) whereas pileocystidia are lacking. It grew on loamy soil in broadleaf forest, not on dung.

Bolbitius fissus BERK. & BROOME was described from Sri Lanka (BERKELEY & BROOME 1871) and has a pallid yellow, in centre smooth pileus with striate, rimose margin, narrower, never lentiform or subhexagonal spores with thinner wall, being only pale orange yellow in KOH. ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr Z. Pilzk 19(2010) 125

Fig 2. Bolbitius excoriatus (holotype) Phot R M DÄHNCKE

Bolbitins malesianus WATLING is a species growing on wood and sawdust in tropical rain forest (WATI.INC; 1994) and said to be close to Rolhitius reticulatits. It has purplish mauve to purplish umber, no excoriate pileus and differs also by fusoid. much paler, not hexagonal or lentiform spores.

Bolbitius muscicola (G. STEV.) WATLING is not rare in New Zealand but not yet known elsewhere. It has a pileus with a very distinct pattern of an anastomosing net- work resembling a leopard skin, and different colours: microscopically, it is clearly different by somewhat smaller, ellipsoid to limoniform. never compressed or hexagonal spores that are yellow in KOH and have thinner walls. Furthermore, the pileipellis has extremely numerous, hair-like pileocystidia (up to 5 urn wide).

Bolbitius reticulatus (PERS.: FR.) RlCKEN var australis (E. HORAK) GARRIDO is microscopically very similar to B. muscicola. but with a different pattern of pileus surface, smaller basidiomes and differing from B. excoriatus by the same microscopical characters as B. muscicola. It grows on soil and wood in southern South America (Chile, Argentina). ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 126 A. HAUSKNECHT & al.: Bolbitius excohatus

Bolbitius cal/istus (PECK) WATLING has a viscid to glutinous pileus with totally different tinges in young stages (deep blue), but becomes later olivaceous brown to brownish red. Microscopically, it also differs by ellipsoid spores. It grows on wood or wood chips (WATLING & MILLER 1987).

Bolbitius brunneidiscus (MURRILL) SACC. & TROTTER, as described by SINGER (1978) from Argentina, is an up to now unknown taxon to us. The holotype of Bolbitius brunneidiscus from USA (MURRILL 1914) is a Conocybe species (see HAUSKNECHT & CONTU 2007) with spores that are very similar to our new species, but a slightly larger.

Finally, Bolbitius demangei (QUEL.) SACC. & D. SACC. is a species with lilaceous tinges in the cap but this latter is not excoriate, the stipe is white to pinkish but never yellow with age, and the spores are larger and ellipsoid with thicker walls (see HAUSKNECHT & CONTU 2006).

We are grateful to the curators of the herbaria E, K, L, MA and ZT for the loan of important herbarium specimens.

References

ARNOLDS, E., 2003: Notulae ad Floram Agaricinam Neerlandicam - XXXIX. Bolbitius. - Persoonia 18:201-214. — 2005: Bolbitiaceae. - In NOORDELOOS, M. E., KUYPER. T. W., VELLINGA, E. C, (Eds): Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 6. - Boca Raton, London, New York, Singapore: Taylor & Francis. BERKELEY, M. J., BROOME, C. E., 1871: The fungi of Ceylon. -J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 11:469-572. HAUSKNECHT, A., CONTU, M., 2006: Bolhitius demangei in Italien. - Österr. Z. Pilzk. 15: 7-10. 2007: Interesting species of Conocybe (Agaricales, Bolbitiaceae) from Gallura (NE Sardinia, Italy). - Österr. Z. Pilzk. 16: 157-166. MOSER, M., 1983: Die Röhrlinge und Blätterpilze 5. Aufl. - In GAMS, H., (Begr.): Kleine Kryptoga- menflora II b/2. - Stuttgart, New York: G. Fischer. MURRILL, W. A., 1914: Agaricales. - North American Flora 10. PEGLER, D. N., 1986: Agaric Flora of Sri Lanka. - Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 12. RAITHELHUBER, J., 1990: Diagnoses fungorum et combinationes novae. - Metrodiana Sonderheft 4. SINGER, R., 1978 ("1977"): Keys for the identification of the species of Agaricales I. - Sydowia 30: 192-279. — 1986: The Agaricales in modern taxonomy, 4Ih edn. - Koenigstein: Koeltz. THIERS, B., 2010 [contiuously updated]: Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. - New York Botanical Garden's Virtual Herbarium, [http://swectgum.nybg. org/ih/] WATLING, R., 1982: Bolbitiaceae: Agrocybe, Bolbitius & Conocybe. - In HENDERSON, D. M., ORTON, P. M., WATLING, R., (Eds): British fungus flora Agarics and Boleti 3. - Edinburgh: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. — 1992: Observations on the Bolbitiaceae - 30. Some Brazilian taxa. - Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 28: 77- 103. — 1994: Observations on Malaysian Bolbitiaceae with records from Solomon Islands. - Garden's Bull. Singapore 45: 359-381. — GREGORY, N. M., 1981: Census catalogue of world members of the Bolbitiaceae. - Biblioth. My- col. 82. - Vaduz: Cramer. — MILLER, O. K.. 1987: Observations on the Bolbitiaceae - 30. Agaricus callistus PECK. - Mycologia 79:310-313. — TAYLOR, M., 1987: Observations on the Bolbitiaceae: 27. Preliminary account of the Bolbitiaceae of New Zealand. - Biblioth. Mycol. 117. - Berlin, Stuttgart: Cramer.