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Bolbitius Excoriatus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a New Species from Spain

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Bolbitius Excoriatus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a New Species from Spain ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde Jahr/Year: 2010 Band/Volume: 19 Autor(en)/Author(s): Hausknecht Anton, Contu Marco E., Krisai-Greilhuber Irmgard, Dähncke Rose Marie, Vizzini Alfredo Artikel/Article: Bolbitius excoriatus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a new species from Spain. 121-126 ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr. Z. Pilzk. 19(2010) 121 Bolbitius excoriatus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a new species from Spain ANTON HAUSKNECHT ROSE MARIE DÄHNCKE Fakultätszentrum fur Biodiversität Finca "Los Castaneros", Universität Wien E-38710 Brcfia Alta, La Palma Rennweg 14 Canary Islands, Spain A-1030 Wien, Austria Email: [email protected] MARCO CONTU ALFREDO VIZZINI Via Marmilla, 12 Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale 1-07026 Olbia (OT), Italy Universitä di Torino Viale Mattioli 25 1-10125 Torino, Italy IRMGARD KRISAI-GREILHUBER Fakultätszentrum für Biodiversität Universität Wien Rennweg 14 A-1030 Wien, Austria Accepted 12.8.2010 Key words: Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, Bolbitiaceae, Bolbitius, Bolbitius excoriatus, spec. nova. - New species, systematics. - Mycoflora of Spain. Abstract: A new species of Bolbitius, B. excoriatus, collected on horse dung in Spain is described. Its differences to similar species are discussed; a colour plate and microscopical drawings are given. Zusammenfassung: Eine neue Art der Gattung Bolbitius, B. excoriatus, wird beschrieben. Sie wurde auf Pferdemist in Spanien gesammelt. Ihre Unterschiede zu ähnlichen Arten werden diskutiert, eine Farb- abbildung und Mikrozeichnungen werden gegeben. During field work in Spain in 1994, one of us, R. M. DÄHNCKE, had the chance to collect, on horse dung, several basidiomata of an apparently unknown species of Bol- bitius FR. The brown, excoriate pileus surface, the lilac tinge of the underlaying surface and the micromorphology, mainly spore size and shape, revealed distinct differences with regard to the most similar species and, therefore, this fungus is here described as a new species. Material and methods The macroscopical description results from the study of fresh material by R. M. DÄHNCK.E. The mi- cromorphological data are based on herbarium material reinflated by using ammonia coloured with Congo Red. Spore colour is checked by using KOH and spore measurements are based on means of 20 spores. Herbarium abbreviations follow THIERS (2010). The Latin description of the new species was deposited in MycoBank. ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 122 A. HAUSKNECHT & al.: Bolbilius excohatus Botbitius excoriatus DÄHNCKE, HAUSKN., KRISAI, CONTU & VIZZINI, spec, nova (Figs. 1 a-e, 2) Mycobank MB 519280 Latin description: Pileus 20-40 mm latus, hemisphaericus dein explanatus, ad me- dium haud vel levissime umbonatus, unitus, levis vel tomentosus, brunneus et in squamis brunneis excoriatus, prope marginem roseo-lilacinus, plicato-sulcatus, pilei cutis Macrolepiotam konradii revocans. Lamellae confertae, tenues, ferrugineae, in juventute albidae, adnatae. Stipes 25-40 x 2-3 mm, albus deinde pallide flavidus, in juventute flocculosus sed in senectute glaber. Caro fragillima, odore terroso praedita. Sporae valde variabiles, 8,5-10 * 6-7 x 5,5-6 urn, mediano 9,3 * 6,5 x 5,8 urn, lenti- formes, subhexagonales vel hexagonales, crasse tunicatae, poro germinativo magno. Basidia tetraspora. Acies lamellarum heterogenea, multiplex, consistens dementis late fusiformibus, lageniformibus vel utriformibus atque basidiis. Pleurocystidia absentia. Pileipellis hymeniformis consistens dementis sphaeropedunculatis ad clavatis, pileo- cystidia absentia. Habitatio in fimo equino gregarius. Perrarus. Holotypus: Hispania, Cataluna, Berga, San Llorenco, Finca "Campas", 3. 10. 1994, leg. ROSE MARIE DÄHNCKE (WU 16355). Characters: Pileus: 20-40 mm wide, first oviform to ellipsoid, hemispherical, later flat convex to plano-convex and expanding, not or rarely distinctly umbonate; young brown, then around centre surface splitting up into concentrical zones of adnate to slightly uplifted concolorous patches to squamules; not hygrophanous, striate-plicate towards the mar- gin and subpectinate in age, surface seemingly dry. Margin even very young without veil traces. Lamellae: free, crowded, slightly ventricose, very thin, first white, later yellow- brown to rubiginous, with paler, slightly flocculose lamellar edge, not deliquescent. Stipe: 25-40 mm long, 2-3 mm thick, first stout, soon expanding, cylindrical, white for a long time, then yellowish, flocculose, but soon smooth, hollow. Context: thin, brittle, smell and taste weak, slightly like earth, white, above lamellae ochraceous, inside stipe older slightly yellowish. Spore print: rubiginous (MOSER 1983: C 6). Spores: 8.5-10 * 6-7 * 5.5-6 um, mean 9.3 * 6.5 x 5.8 um, Q = 1.35-1.55, lenti- form, hexagonal, thick-walled, with a wide, central germ-pore, orange- to rusty yellow in K.OH. Clamp connections: not seen. Basidia: 4-spored, 20-29 x 11-12.5 u,m. Pseudoparaphyses: present. Cheilocystidia: 22-40 x 12-20 urn, widely lageniform, utriform to subfusi- form, hyaline, thin-walled, not encrusted; lamellar edge not entirely sterile, basidia immixed. Pleurocystidia: absent. Stipitipellis: especially at stipe apex consisting of very variable, cylindrical, clavate, slightly utriform, ellipsoid to spherocatenulate elements (30-65 x 8-25 urn). ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr. Z. Pilzk. 19(2010) 123 Fig. 1 a-e. Bolbitius excoriatus (WU 16355, holotype). a spores, * 2000, b basidia, x 800, c cheilocys- tidia, x 800, d caulocystidia, * 800, e pileipellis, * 800. /, g. Bolbitius aff. excorialus (MA 38323). /spores, x 2000, g cheilocystidia, * 800. ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 124 A. HAUSKNECHT & al.: Bolbitius excohatus i Pileipellis: hymeniform, young mostly consisting of clavate elements (30-35 x 6-12 urn), later increasingly widely clavate to spheropedunculate (-20 urn wide); espe- cially young covered by slime. Pileocystidia absent. Habitat: on horse dung, gregarious. Collections examined (besides holotype): Bolbitius aff. excoriatus: Spain: Asturias, Somiedo, La Trapa, 27. 8. 1997, leg. E. RUBIO DOMINGUEZ (MA 38323, as Bolbitius vitellimis). Bolbitius ferrugineus: Italy: Basilicata, Potenza, Atella, Laghi di Monticchio. 15. 11. 2000, leg. E. ARNOLDS (L, holotype). Bolbitius fissus: Sri Lanka: Kandy, Peradenya, Botanic Garden, Jan. 1869, G. H. THWAITES (K 165840 and 165841, isotypes). Bolbitius malesianus: Malaysia: Sabah, Kinabalu, Bembagan River, 25. 2. 1964, leg. E. J. H. CORNER (E, holotype). Bolbitius muscicola: New Zealand: Manawatu-Wanganui, Levin, Tararuas, 18. 6. 1949, leg. G. STEVENSON (K, isotype). Bolbitius reticulatus var. australis: Argentina: Tierra del Fuego, Tierra Mayor, 2. 3. 1974, leg. E. HORAK (ZT, holotype). Observations: The new species from San Llorenco is remarkable in several aspects. Up to now in the genus Bolbitius there is no species known worldwide with such excoriate, splitting up pileus surface (ARNOLDS 2005; PEGLER 1986; RAITHELHUBER 1990; SINGER 1978, 1986; WATLING 1982, 1992, 1994; WATLING & GREGORY 1981; WATLING & TAY- LOR 1987). Other outstanding features of our new species are the hexagonal shape of the spores and their medium size as well as the brown tinge of the young pileus when the surface is not yet splitted during growth. None of the known species combine all these features. A further collection from Spain (see collections examined) comes microscopically very close (Fig. 1 f, g). It has similarly hexagonal and lentiform spores that are slightly larger (9-11 x 6.5-7.5 x 6-7 urn, on average 10.3 x 7.2 x 6.4 urn) and it also has somewhat larger cheilocystidia (up to 45 x 27 urn). The pale brown-coloured exsiccatum is in bad condition, basidia and pileipellis are collapsed; as no field notes are available, the only comparable characters are shape and size of spores. Similar taxa which could be eventually misidentified are the following: Bolbitius ferrugineus ARNOLDS, recently described from Italy (ARNOLDS 2003), dif- fers by warm orange-brown, glutinous, not excoriate pileus and ellipsoid, not com- pressed or hexagonal spores that are much paler (pale yellow) in KOH. The pileipellis consists of clavate elements (only 8-15 urn wide) whereas pileocystidia are lacking. It grew on loamy soil in broadleaf forest, not on dung. Bolbitius fissus BERK. & BROOME was described from Sri Lanka (BERKELEY & BROOME 1871) and has a pallid yellow, in centre smooth pileus with striate, rimose margin, narrower, never lentiform or subhexagonal spores with thinner wall, being only pale orange yellow in KOH. ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr Z. Pilzk 19(2010) 125 Fig 2. Bolbitius excoriatus (holotype) Phot R M DÄHNCKE Bolbitins malesianus WATLING is a species growing on wood and sawdust in tropical rain forest (WATI.INC; 1994) and said to be close to Rolhitius reticulatits. It has pur- plish mauve to purplish umber, no excoriate pileus and differs also by fusoid. much paler, not hexagonal or lentiform spores. Bolbitius muscicola (G. STEV.) WATLING is not rare in New Zealand but not yet known elsewhere. It has a pileus with a very distinct pattern of an anastomosing net- work
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