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Osteological and Myological Comparisons of the Head and Thorax Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1968-08-01 Osteological and myological comparisons of the head and thorax regions of cnemidophorus tigris septentrionalis burger and ameiva undulata parva barbour and noble (family teiidae) Don Lowell Fisher Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Life Sciences Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Fisher, Don Lowell, "Osteological and myological comparisons of the head and thorax regions of cnemidophorus tigris septentrionalis burger and ameiva undulata parva barbour and noble (family teiidae)" (1968). Theses and Dissertations. 7681. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7681 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. OSTEOLOGICALAND MYOLOGICAL COMPARISONS OF THE HEAD ANDTHORAX REGIONS OF CNEMIDOPHORUSTIGRIS SEPTENTRIONALISBURGER AND AMEIVA UNDUIATAPARVA BARBOUR AND NOBIE / --V V (FAMILYTEIIDAE) A Thesis Presented to the Department of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University In Partial Fulf'illment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Don Lowell Fisher August 1968 This thesis, by Don Lowell Fisher, is accepted in its present form by the Department of Zoology and Entomology of the Brigham Young University as satisfying the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Science. Typed by Kathleen Ro Steed TABLEOF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSo o o e e e o o o o o e o o G • o • o o o o o o vi INTRODUCTION., ., 0 0 0 o O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 MATERIALSAND METHODS 000000•00•00•00000000 6 OSTEOLOGY General Description of the Skull ... o o o o ., o ., ., ., o 9 Description of Skull Elements., ., •• ., • ., • ., ., o o o ., 10 Lower Jaw • .. ., • ., o o ., .. • • • • ., • • o • • ., o • " o 21 Foramina of the Skull and Lower Jaw., " • o ., • ., o o o • 24 Teeth o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ••• o o o o o o o o o 28 Wrist o o o o • o • o o o o o e o o ~ o o o o o o o o o o 29 MYOLOGYooeo-ooooooooeoeooeoooooooooo 40 DISCUSSIONo o. e -0 0 C O e. 0 0 0 e O O O • ·,O ,0 0 •·-0 ,,.,e O t.O .o. ,0 D .0 69 LITERATURECITED ••oo•ooo••••o•••oooe•ooo 76 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Am.eiva undulata parva. Dorsal view of skull. ( 6o2X) o o ., o .. • • o 0 0 0 O O e O O O O O O O O O O O 31 Ameiva undulata parva .. Ventral view of skull. (6.,2X) o o o • • • • .. ooooooo•oooooqooo 32 Am.eivaundulata parva. Lateral view of skullo (6 ..2X) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • • o o o o • o o o o e o o o o o o 33 Cnemidophorus, ~ septentrionalis. Dorsal view of skull., (8.,4X) .......... 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 Figo 5. Cnemidophorus tifis septentrionalis. Ventral view of skull., (8.4X • ., • o .. ., ..... ••00000 • 0 35 Cnemidophorus tiris septentrionalis. Lateral view of skull. ( 8 o4X • • ., ., ., ., • • • ., 0000000 0 0 '.36 Figo 7. .Ameiva undulata parvao Lower Jaw., Ao Lateral view. B. Medial view. C. Dorsal view. (4.9X) o .. ., •• o o • 37 Cnemidophorus tigris septentrionalis. Lower Jaw., A. Lateral view. B., Medial view .. c. Dorsal View., ( 7 0 .5X) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 " 0 • • 0 0 0 • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 38 Fig., 9 .. Ameiva u.ndulata. parvao Teeth. A. Maxillary teeth 0 (7.0X). B. Dentary teeth. (5.8X). Cnemidophorus tigris septentrionalis c. Maxillary teeth., (lloOX)o D. Denta.ry teeth. (9.7X). E. Pterygoid teeth. (20X). o 39 Fig., 10. Ameiva undulata parva. Musculature dorsal viewo Superficial depth., B. First depth .. (2.,9X) ... & 0 0 0 .58 Fig. lL Ameiva undulata parva., Musculature dorsal view. Second depth. B.. Third depth. (2.9X) ., ., ••• ct O O 0 59 Fig. 12 .. Ameiva undulata parva.., Musculature dorsal view. A. Fourth depth. B. Fifth depth .. (2.9X) ••• o •• 0 0 0 60 Fig. lJ., Ameiva undulata parva.. Musculature ventral view., A., Superficial depth. B. First depth. (2.9X) • ., .. 0 0 0 61 Fig" 14., Ameiva undula.ta parva. Musculature ventral view 0 Second depth. B. Third depth. (2.9X) o ., o • o ., • • • 62 Figo 150 Ameiva undulata pa.rva. Musculature ventral view. Ao Fourth deptho B0 Fifth depth. (2.9X) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 Fig. 16. Ameiva undula ta parva. Musculature lateral view. First depth. (2. 9X) o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 64 Fig. 17. Ameiva undulata pa.rv)o Musculature lateral view-o Second depth. {2.9X 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 Fig. 18. Ameiva undulata parv;• Musculature lateral view. Fourth depth. (2.9X 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 66 Fig. 19. Ameiva undulata parv). Musculature lateral view. Fourth depth. (2.9X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 Fig. 20. Ameiva undulata pa.)a. Musculature lateral view. Fifth depth 0 {2.9X o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 68 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my deepest gratitude to Dro Wilmer Wo Tanner 9 as my major professor 9 and to Dro Bertrand Fo Harrison, professor of Bota.ny9 for their suggestions and encouragements. I also express my gratitude to Dro Lee Fo Braithwaite of the Department of Zoology and Entomology for his guidance in preparation of the illustrations necessary for this thesiso Appreciation also goes to the Department of Zoology and Entomology for a teaching assistantship which provided me with much needed experience and financial support during my tenure in graduate schoolo The specimens used in preparation of this thesis were acces- sioned in the vertebrate natural history museum collections of the Brigham Young Universityo I also extend my thanks to Dr. Robert To Swenson and the X=ray technologists of the Utah Valley Hospital for the excellent radio= graphs of wrist elements ma.de for use in this reporto To my wife also 9 I express my gratitude for her patience and understa.ndingo vi INTRODUCTION There has long been a need for a comparative study of the osteo- logical and myological structures of the reptilian family Teiidaeo This present study is organized to increase our understanding of the anatomical features of the head and thorax regions of two members of distinct phylogenetic branches of the family Teiidaeo The two genera discussed are Cnemidophorus and Ameivao Although the entire family is in need of a comparative study, these two genera were chosen because they are, according to Burt (193lb) 9 closely allied and also because a number of study specimens were avail= ableo The study is limited to the head and thorax regions inasmuch as this area, according to Patten (1951), seems to be the most plastic region of the body as far as adaptive radiation is concerned and thus is of special significance to the study of the phylogenetic development of genera within a familyo Studies dealing with taxonomy, physiology, ecology and general anatomy of the two genera have been :ma.deby various workers. Those reports which are pertinent to this study are cited below. An extensive taxonomic study of the genus Cnemidophorus was :ma.de by Burt (1931b) with complete synonomy of the various species and sub- species to that dateo A revision of the genus Ameiva was completed by Barbour and Noble (1915). Smith and Laufe (1946) in their summary of the Mexican lizards of the genus Ameiva dealt with the taxonomy of that genuso It will not be necessary, therefore, to give a detailed 2 account in this report of the taxonomy which has been completed to dateo We can thus confine ourselves more to the comparative anatomical aspects of the two generao The family Teiidae was established by Gray (1827==Philoso Mago 9 sero 2, vo. 2, p. 55)o Today, the family consists of ~bout ~O genera (Smith and Taylor, 1950). The genus Ameiva (of the family Teiidae) was ti'· established by Meyer (1795-..Synopsis reptilium., •• sistema gener'Ulll~ methodum o .. ., pp. 27) with the genotype being Lacerta americana Seba= Ameiva ameiva (Linnaeus). There are 13 species with about 28 subspecies in the genus (Smith and Taylor, 1950)0 The genus Cnemidophorus was established by Wagler (1830--,?Jatiirliches System der Amphibian ••• , p. 1.54).. The genotype is Seps murinus Laurenti.. There are about 18 species of Cnemidophorus with about 47 subspecies (Smith and Taylor, 1950). Since 1950 a few new species and subspecies in each genus have been described .. Ameiva undulata parva was established by Barbour and Noble (1915, p., 476-477). The type is MCZ5831 with Van Patten as the collector., The type locality is Guatemala., This was later restricted by Smith and Laufe (1946) to Mazatenango. The range is on the pacific slopes from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca to Costa Rica. Cnemidophorus tigris septentrionalis was established by Burger (1950, Po 8)., The type is CNHM38217. The type locality is Una0 Garfield County, Colorado. The range is the Colorado Plateau (Maslin, 1959b) including the northern half of Arizona, the northwestern quarter of New Mexico, the southeastern half of Utah, and the southern quarter of Colorado (Burger, 1950).
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