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Osteological and Mylogical Comparisons of the Head and Thorax

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Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series Volume 11 | Number 1 Article 1 6-1970 Osteological and mylogical comparisons of the head and thorax regions of Cnemidophorus tigris septentrionalis Burger and Ameiva undulata parva Barbour and Nobel (Family Teiidae) Don Lowell Fisher Wilmer W. Tanner Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byuscib Part of the Anatomy Commons, Botany Commons, Physiology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Fisher, Don Lowell and Tanner, Wilmer W. (1970) "Osteological and mylogical comparisons of the head and thorax regions of Cnemidophorus tigris septentrionalis Burger and Ameiva undulata parva Barbour and Nobel (Family Teiidae)," Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series: Vol. 11 : No. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byuscib/vol11/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ->, MUS. COMP. ZOOL- 5.C0f^--yt,rov;oT LIB,RARY ^ AUG 1 8 1970 HARVARD UISUVERSITYi Brigham Young UniversWy Science Bulletin OSTEOLOGICAL AND MYLOGICAL COMPARISONS OF THE HEAD AND THORAX REGIONS OF CNEM/DOPHORUS TIGRIS SEPTENTRIONALIS BURGER AND AMEIVA UNDULATA PARVA BARBOUR AND NOBLE (FAMILY TEIIDAE) by '^ Don Lowell Fisher and Wilmer W. Tanner ^ BIOLOGICAL SERIES — VOLUME XI, NUMBER 1 JUNE 1970 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN BIOLOGICAL SERIES Editor: Stanley L. Welsh, Department of Botany, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah Members of the Editorial Board: Stanley L. Welsh, Chairman of the Board Tipton, Veknon J. Zoology Febbon L. Anderson, Zoology Beck, Microbiology J. V. Joseph R. Muedock, Botany Wilmer W. Tanner, Zoology Ex officio Members: A. LesterLes' Allen, Dean, College of Biological and Agricultural SciencesSci Ernest L. Olson, Chairman, University Pubhcations The Brigham Yoimg University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, publishes acceptable papers, particularly large manuscripts, on all phases of biology. Separate numbers and back volumes can be purchased from University Press, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. All remittances should be made payable to Brigham Young University. Orders and materials for library exchange should be directed to the Division of Gifts and Exchange, Brigham Young University Library, Provo, Utah 84601. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin OSTEOLOGICAL AND MYLOGICAL COMPARISONS OF THE HEAD AND THORAX REGIONS OF CNEMIDOPHORUS TIGRIS SEPTENTRIONALIS BURGER AND AMEIVA UNDULATA PARVA BARBOUR AND NOBLE (FAMILY TEIIDAE) by Don Lowell Fisher and Wilmer W. Tanner BIOLOGICAL SERIES — VOLUME XI, NUMBER 1 JUNE 1970 . TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 METHODS AND MATERIALS 2 OSTEOLOGY 3 General Description of the Si<ull 3 Description of Skull Elements 4 Lower Jaw '3 Foramina of the Skull and Lower Jaw 16 Teeth 17 Wrist 19 MYOLOGY 19 DISCUSSION 30 CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY 37 LITERATURE CITED 39 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1 Ameiva undulata pan'a. Dorsal view of skull (6.2X) 5 2. Ameiva undulata pan'a. Ventral view of skull (6.2X) 6 3. Ameiva undulata panm. Lateral view of skull. (6.2X) 7 4. Cnemidohponis tigris septentrionalis. Dorsal view of skull. (8.4X) 8 5. Cnemidophoms tigris septentrionalis. Ventral view of skull. (8.4X) 9 6. Cnemidophoms tigris septentrionalis. Lateral view of skull. (8.4X) 10 7. Ameiva undulata parva. Lower Jaw. A. Lateral view. B. Medial view. C. Dorsal view. (4.9X) teeth diagramatic, see Fig. 9 14 8. Cnemidophoms tigris septentrionalis. Lower Jaw. A. Lateral view. B. Medial view. C. Dorsal view. (7.5X) teeth diagramatic, see Fig. 9 15 9. Ameiva undulata pan'a. Teeth. A. Maxillary teeth. (7 .OX). B. Dentary teeth. (5.8X). Cnemidophoms tigris septentrionalis C. Maxillary teeth. (II.OX). D. Dentary teeth. (9.7X). E. Pterygoid teeth. (20X) 18 10. Ameiva undulata pan'a. Musculature dorsal view. A. Superficial depth. B. First depth. (2.9X) 20 11. Ameiva undulata pan'a. Musculature dorsal view. A. Second depth. B. Third depth. (2.9X) 21 12. Ameiva undulata pan'a. Musculature dorsal view. A. Fourth Depth. B. Fifth depth. (2.9X) 22 13. Ameiva undulata parva. Musculature ventral view. A. Superficial depth. B. First depth. (2.9X) 23 14. Ameiva undulata parva. Musculature ventral view. A. Second depth. B. Third depth. (2.9 X) 24 15. Ameiva undulata pan'a. Musculature ventral view. A. Fourth depth. B. Fifth depth. (2.9X) 25 16. Ameiva undulata parva. Musculature lateral view. First depth. (2.9X) 26 17. Ameiva undulata parva. Musculature lateral view. Second depth. (2.9X) 27 18. Ameiva undulata pan'a. Musculature lateral view. Third depth. (2.9X) 28 19. Ameiva undulata parva. Musculature latural view. Fourth depth. (2.9X) 29 20. Ameiva undulata pan'a. Musculature lateral view. Fifth depth. (2.9X) 30 , INTRODUCTION There has long been a need for a comparative on the Pacific slopes from the Isthmus of Tehaun- study of the osteological and myological structures of tepec in Oaxaca south to Costa Rica. the reptilian family Teiidae. This present study is Cnemidophonis tigris septentrionalis was estab- organized to increase our understanding of the ana- lished by Burger in 1950. The type is CNHM 38217 tomical features of the head and thorax regions of and the type locality is Una, Garfield County, Colo- two large genera of this large and diversified family. rado. The range extends over the Colorado Plateau The two genera discussed are Cnemidophonis and (Maslin, 1959b) and includes the northern half of A meiva. Arizona, the northwestern quarter of New Mexico, Although the entire family is in need of a compar- the southeastern half of Utah, and the southwestern ative study, these two genera were chosen because quarter of Colorado (Burger, 1950). they are, according to Burt (1931b), closely allied A synopsis of the genus Cnemidophonis was first and also because a number of study specimens were completed by E.D. Cope (1892b) wherein he made a available. The study is limited to the head and thora.x most memorable statement to all individuals who regions inasmuch as this area, according to Patten further attempt to resolve the phylogenetic relation- (1951), seems to be the most plastic region of the ships within this genus. He considered the discrimina- body as far as adaptive radiation is concerned. We are tion of the species within Cnemidophonis the most aware that other regions of the vertebrate body are difficult problem in herpetology. also plastic in some groups; however, we believe that A later work by Burt (1931b) using Ecology, in this family the thorax region is of special signifi- scutellation, and distribution has helped in unrav- cance to the study of the phylogenetic development elling some of the problems of the phylogenetic of genera within this family. relationships within the genus Cnemidophonis. Other Studies dealing with taxonomy, physiology, ecol- large and comprehensive works on groups within the ogy and general anatomy of the two genera have been genus Cnemidophonis also have been recently com- made by various workers. Those reports which are pleted. These include a report by Zweifel (1959) on pertinent to this study are cited below. the distribution and variation of the sacki group, a An extensive taxonomic study of the genus systematic study of the deppei group (Duellman and Cnemidophonis was made by Burt (1931b) with com- Wellman, 1960), and a systematic study of the plete synonymy of the various species and subspecies sexlineatus group (Duellman and Zweifel, 1962). to that date. A revision of the g^nus Ameiva was com- These works all analyze such characters as scutella- pleted by Barbour and Noble (1915). Smith and tion, coloration, dorsal patterns, size, and distri- Laufe (1946) in their summary of the Mexican lizards bution. of the genus A meiva dealt with the taxonomy of the The systematic relationships of the gtnns Ameiva genus. It will not be necessary, therefore, to give a have also been explored by Barbour and Noble detailed account in this report of the taxonomy (1915), who published an extensive work on the which has been completed to date. We can thus phylogeny and provided a description of the species confine ourselves more to the comparative anatomical and subspecies included in the genus. The relation- aspects of the two genera. ships of the Ameiva undiilata group were suggested The family Teiidae was established by Gray by Stuart (1942). In this study he includes a diagnosis (1825), and today consists of about 40 genera (Smith of each species as well as a key to the species. and Taylor, 1950). The genus /l/?!e(Va was established A summary of the Mexican species of the genus by Meyer (1795) with Lacerta americana Seba = Ameiva was published by Smith and Laufe (1946). Ameiva ameiva (Linnaeus) being the genotype. Ac- Their report is informative, extensive, includes a his- cording to Smith and Taylor (1950), there are 13 torical summary and an analysis of characters by species and 28 subspecies in the genus. means of scutellation. A phylogeny, a key to the The genus Cnemidophonis was established by Mexican Ameiva, and an account of the subspecies is Wagler (1830). The genotype is Seps murimis also included. Laurenti. There are about 18 species of Cnemi- Some of the factors relating to behavior and evolu- dophorus with about 47 subspecies (Smith and tion have also been reported. A thorough study for its Taylor, 1950). Since 1950 only a few new species and time by Gadow (1906) on evolution was based on the subspecies have been described in each genus. Mexican species of Cnemidophonis. His report helps Ameiva undiilata parva was established by Barbour us to realize the great variety possible in a genus and Noble (1915).
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    ACTUALIZACIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN SOCIOAMBIENTAL Y EVALUACIÓN DE RIESGOS ASOCIADOS AL USO DE LA VÍA EXISTENTE RÍO GRANDE – NUEVA COLONIA, PARA EL PROYECTO PUERTO ANTIOQUIA ACTUALIZACIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN SOCIAL Y AMBIENTAL ACTUALIZACIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN SOCIOAMBIENTAL Y EVALUACIÓN DE RIESGOS TÍTULO DEL DOCUMENTO: ASOCIADOS AL USO DE LA VÍA EXISTENTE RÍO GRANDE – NUEVA COLONIA, PARA EL PROYECTO PUERTO ANTIOQUIA DOCUMENTO No.: GAT-859-19-CA-AM-PA-01 REVISIÓN NO: Versión VA VB VC Vanesa Flórez – Socióloga Leyla Martínez – Antropóloga Tatiana Toro – Bióloga Manuel Guayara – Biólogo Kelly Bocanegra – Ing. V0 Nombre: Forestal Milena Vargas – Ing. ELABORA / CARGO Forestal Jorge Reyes – Ing. Catastral y Geodesta Diana Taborda – Ing. Ambiental Fecha: Vanesa Flórez – Socióloga Leyla Martínez – Antropóloga Tatiana Toro – Bióloga Manuel Guayara – Biólogo Kelly Bocanegra – Ing. V1 Nombre: Forestal APROBACIÓN Milena Vargas – Ing. ELABORA / CARGO Forestal Jorge Reyes – Ing. Catastral y Geodesta Diana Taborda – Ing. Ambiental Fecha: 11/10/2019 Juan Jose Cardona / Coord V2 Nombre: Ambiental REVISA / CARGO Fecha: 18/10/2019 V3 Juan Jose Cardona / Coord Nombre: Ambiental APRUEBA / CARGO Fecha: 22/10/2019 V4 Sebastian Piedrahita / Nombre: Director Ambiental AUTORIZA / CARGO Fecha: 22 / 10 / 2019 GAT-859-19-CA-AM-PA-01 i ACTUALIZACIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN SOCIOAMBIENTAL Y EVALUACIÓN DE RIESGOS ASOCIADOS AL USO DE LA VÍA EXISTENTE RÍO GRANDE – NUEVA COLONIA, PARA EL PROYECTO PUERTO ANTIOQUIA TABLA DE CONTENIDO Página 1 ACTUALIZACIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN SOCIAL Y AMBIENTAL .............................
  • Ameiva Ameiva (Zandolie Or Jungle Runner)

    Ameiva Ameiva (Zandolie Or Jungle Runner)

    UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Ameiva ameiva (Zandolie or Jungle Runner) Family: Teiidae (Tegus and Whiptails) Order: Squamata (Lizards and Snakes) Class: Reptilia (Reptiles) Fig. 1. Zandolie, Ameiva ameiva. [https://c2.staticflickr.com/4/3804/13311081294_c5a2cfcfc8_b.jpg, downloaded 29 March 2015] TRAITS. Ameiva ameiva lizards are large bodied, streamlined in shape, their heads are pointed and their tongues are slightly forked. Their legs are short and their hind legs are very muscular (Fig. 1). These lizards display sexual dimorphism. The female body length is approximately 49cm and the male 56 cm (ttfnc.org, 2006). The males are larger than the females in size, their backs are dull green and their flanks are colourful, whereas the females are quite similar but they have much brighter green backs (Kenny, 2008). The males also have relatively larger heads than the females (Colli and Vitt, 1994). Juveniles have relatively large heads for their body size. Ameiva ameiva is also called the jungle runner or giant ameiva (Myfwc.com, 2015). DISTRIBUTION. According to Animal Diversity Web (2014), Ameiva ameiva is found in Central and South America and in some parts of the Caribbean. Countries include; Brazil, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, Colombia and many others. UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. They are diurnal, found in open tropical forests, woodlands and agricultural land (Anapsid.org, 1995), in open, sunny, grassy areas. Biazquez (1996) says that both adults and juveniles liked sunny areas and they spend most of their time foraging and basking.
  • Serie B 1997 Vo!. 44 No. 1 Norwegian Journal of Entomology

    Serie B 1997 Vo!. 44 No. 1 Norwegian Journal of Entomology

    Serie B 1997 Vo!. 44 No. 1 Norwegian Journal of Entomology Publ ished by Foundation for Nature Research and Cultural Heritage Research Trondheim Fauna norvegica Ser. B Organ for Norsk Entomologisk Forening F Appears with one volume (two issues) annually. tigations of regional interest are also welcome. Appropriate Utkommer med to hefter pr. ar. topics include general and applied (e.g. conservation) ecolo­ I Editor in chief (Ansvarlig redaktor) gy, morphology, behaviour, zoogeography as well as methodological development. All papers in Fauna norvegica ~ Dr. John O. Solem, Norwegian University of Science and are reviewed by at least two referees. Technology (NTNU), The Museum, N-7004 Trondheim. ( Editorial committee (Redaksjonskomite) FAUNA NORVEGICA Ser. B publishes original new infor­ mation generally relevan,t to Norwegian entomology. The Ame C. Nilssen, Department of Zoology, Troms0 Museum, journal emphasizes papers which are mainly faunal or zoo­ N-9006 Troms0, Ame Fjellberg, Gonveien 38, N-3145 ( geographical in scope or content, including check lists, faunal Tj0me, and Knut Rognes, Hav0rnbrautene 7a, N-4040 Madla. lists, type catalogues, regional keys, and fundamental papers Abonnement 1997 having a conservation aspect. Submissions must not have Medlemmer av Norsk Entomologisk Forening (NEF) far been previously published or copyrighted and must not be tidsskriftet fritt tilsendt. Medlemmer av Norsk Ornitologisk published subsequently except in abstract form or by written Forening (NOF) mottar tidsskriftet ved a betale kr. 90. Andre consent of the Managing Editor. ma betale kr. 120. Disse innbetalingene sendes Stiftelsen for Subscription 1997 naturforskning og kulturminneforskning (NINAeNIKU), Members of the Norw. Ent. Soc. (NEF) will r~ceive the journal Tungasletta 2, N-7005 Trondheim.
  • A New Species of Bachia Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Eastern Brazilian Cerrado, and Data on Its Ecology, Physiology and Behavior

    A New Species of Bachia Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Eastern Brazilian Cerrado, and Data on Its Ecology, Physiology and Behavior

    Zootaxa 3616 (2): 173–189 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3616.2.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D6F85F14-2D4E-4B53-9B40-3B6E9BE723FF A new species of Bachia Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Eastern Brazilian Cerrado, and data on its ecology, physiology and behavior MAURO TEIXEIRA JR1,3, RENATO SOUSA RECODER1, AGUSTÍN CAMACHO1, MARCO AURÉLIO DE SENA1, CARLOS ARTURO NAVAS2 & MIGUEL TREFAUT RODRIGUES1 1Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new species of Bachia of the bresslaui group, Bachia geralista sp. nov., is described from Planalto dos Gerais, an old and partially dissected plateau extending along the Cerrados of Bahia, Minas Gerais and Tocantins states, Brazil. The new species is morphologically similar to B. bresslaui, with which it has been confused; however head scalation resembles other species from sandy spots within the Cerrado (B. psamophila and B. oxyrhina). Like in B. psamophila and B. oxyrhi- na, the shovel-shaped snout of the new species is highly prominent, a typical trait of psammophilous habits in other gym- nophthalmids. The examination of specimens of B. bresslaui from several populations within the Cerrado revealed great variation among localities, leading to the reidentification of a specimen from Utiariti, Mato Grosso, previously referred to in the literature as the second record of B.