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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 251 Annual Civic Education Conference (ACEC 2018) The Role of Political Parties in Building Loyalty Women Cadres through Political Education Hariyanti Hariyanti*, Cecep Darmawan, Iim Siti Masyitoh Civic Education Department Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung, Indonesia *[email protected] Abstract—This study aims to describe how the role of political According to Article 11 paragraph (1) of Law No.2 of 2008 parties in building the loyalty of women cadres through political on political parties, it is stated that Political Parties function as education. Efforts to build the political literacy of women cadres a means: (a) political education for members and the wider through political education need to be balanced with loyalty to community to become Indonesian citizens aware of their rights the party in order to strengthen the party system in Indonesia. and obligations in life society, nation and state, (b) creating a The development of political parties is determined by the loyalty conducive climate for the unity and unity of the Indonesian of the cadres as a factor driving the functions of political parties. people for the welfare of society; (c) absorbing, gathering and This research uses qualitative approach with descriptive method. channeling the political aspirations of the people in formulating The research findings show that the party established the loyalty and defining state policies; (d) the political participation of of women cadres through the alignment of political education Indonesian citizens; and (e) political recruitment in the process materials with the vision, mission and platform of the party struggle. Political education aims to shape political personality, of filling political office through democratic mechanisms with political awareness and political participation. Political education due regard to gender equality and justice. Anthony Downs plays a role to build cadre loyalty in order to minimize the declared the party to be a team that seeks control of the phenomenon of “Kutu-loncat” politician because politics is solely government apparatus by obtaining public office through seen from the point of view of power. institutional elections [3]. Political parties play an important role in encouraging Keywords—political parties; loyalty of women Cadres; political women's political participation in internal party and legislative education bodies because women have different experiences and interests with men. In addition, political parties must also provide I. INTRODUCTION treatments to increase women's competence to participate in Political parties are one of the pillars of the political system political competition and minimize obstacles in the of democracy. As a constitutional democracy, Indonesia implementation of political education that leads to low empowers political parties to support the ongoing democratic women's political participation. However, what happens today, process. The Government regulates the guidance and party cadres tend to be pragmatic by prioritizing personal empowerment of the party through Law No.2 Year 2011 on the political interests so often not encountered a politician jump amendment of Law No.2 Year 2008 on political parties. A fence or also known as a “kutu loncat” politician is a behavior political party is a group of organizations whose members have of politicians who move from one party to another political the same orientation, values and ideals. The aim of this group is party. to acquire political power and seize the political position The phenomenon of “kutu loncat” politicians is not new in (usually) in a constitutional way through elections-to carry out politics. Such behavior is accepted, understood, and considered its program, placing its candidates for public office [1]. Thus, a as something reasonable. There are various reasons for the political party is a legal group in seizing and maintaining “kutu loncat” politicians to move parties such as (1) ideological power, aiming to implement the policy according to the issues and platforms of party struggle that are considered ideology, platform, vision and mission of the political party. inconsistent with the political realities that occur; (2) feel his Ideology is the first basis the party must have to define its line position is threatened by the presence of new politicians in the of struggle and place its position in the determination of party; (3) the small opportunity to maintain political office attitudes, points of view and policies. Political parties can either in party or in government with party stretcher; (4) the perform their functions and achieve goals with programmatic, lack of opportunities to gain a brilliant political career and be intellectual, cadre-based skills and loyalty. Political parties are greeted by the seduction of other parties with the promise of a the party burdened by the law No.2 of 2008 on political parties better political position than in the old party. to conduct political education, both to party cadres and to the Women cadres are quite interesting political actors to be wider community and even become a priority function in the examined for the following reasons (1) the state encourages, change of political party law [2]. protects and accommodates women's political participation through affirmative action policy; (2) women are the target of Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 548 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 251 the largest potential voters and recruiting women as cadres is a able to participate actively and responsively because the cadres party's strategic move to accommodate women's political are part of practical political actors involved in the circulation representation; (3) women who decide to join a political party of public power. First against female cadres, political education tend to be influenced by personal relations such as brotherhood by the party can be a stepping stone to increase the political and friendship so that it is interesting to examine the role of the participation of female cadres both at the internal level of the party and empower and build the loyalty of women cadres for party and in government [6]. party work and serve in government. Women cadres occupy strategic positions because The issue of loyalty of political party cadres is actually a apart from being politicians, she is also the wife and mother at matter of lack of knowledge and awareness of ideology so home and members of the community and other associations so stuck with pragmatic-transactional political interests. This that good knowledge and skills can be provisioned in providing study aims to describe the role of political education to build political education for those environments and are sensitive to the loyalty of female cadres to political parties in the regional their aspirations and needs. The form of political education by leadership councils of the party of West Sumatera. As a new the party will be influenced by the party's vision, mission, and party, Nasdem party comes with ideology and tagline that is platform so that it can produce different political education quite interesting and prestigious. The idea of Indonesian models that include political strategy, materials and methods of restoration of the change movement is offered to every citizen education. The process of political education in the party is to join the party of nasdem and strive together to realize the correlated with the political participation of women cadres. party's goals. Party ideologies and platforms are the guidance for the cadres, especially the female cadres who tend to often Sidney Verba argues that the most important "waver" in the political stream. This article seeks to describe contribution of women in politics is that they are more how the role of political education in building the loyalty of interested in doing something useful for society than to women cadres through political education and what materials broaden the scope of power [7-9]. There are at least three profiles of women politicians based on their recruitment and are given by the party to the cadres to build the political literacy of the cadres. social mobility process [10]. First, women who are involved in politics because they have independent intellectual and organizational abilities. This women politician model can be II. THEORETICAL called achieved woman politician. Second, women who gain The cadre of political party is a group of citizens who are political office not because they fully have political skills or trained in a cadre education in a political party organization in because of their business in a way, but they get a political order to be a force for political parties to achieve the goals of position because of its relationship with certain men who have the political parties [4]. The purpose of political education for important political position. This kind of female politician is cadres can be from the first aspect of cognitive to build the referred to as ascribed woman politician. Third, women knowledge of citizens (civil society) about the basic concepts politicians who reach political positions because they have of politics and government. Second, affective aspect, to form collusion with bureaucracy. Politicians like this have patrons. the character of citizen

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