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THE DECLINE OF GOLKAR PARTY’S HEGEMONY. GOLKAR’S PERFORMANCE IN FACING THE SIMULTANEOUS REGIONAL ELECTIONS IN SOUTH SULAWESI Muhammad Reza Syamsuri1, Sri Budi Eko Wardani2 1Departemen Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 16424, Indonesia, [email protected] 2Departemen Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 16424, Indonesia, [email protected] Abstract After the era of decentralization and democratization, Golkar entered the era of direct regional elections. Golkar in its participation in regional elections in South Sulawesi in 2005-2013 was relatively successful in most regions in South Sulawesi. Entering the regional elections simultaneously in 2015 and 2018, Golkar valued a significant reduction of votes. In some regions, Golkar showed poor performance. Ironically, out of eleven regional elections, Golkar only nominated its candidates in six regions and only won in one region. At present Golkar is facing a serious challenge if it wants to maintain its position in South Sulawesi as the largest base in the region. This qualitative research found the weakening factor of Golkar's power in South Sulawesi in the 2015 simultaneous elections. This factor was the existence of elite factionalization that occurred inside Golkar party after the 2014 presidential election which had an impact on the creation of Golkar internal conflicts and factions in simultaneous elections in South Sulawesi. Keywords: Factionalism; Golkar; regional elections; South Sulawesi Halaman 69 INTRODUCTION Source: KPUD Kabupaten The failure of Golkar to win over Gowa its candidates in 10 regencies during the 2015 regional elections in South Golkar's vote in regional election Sulawesi has made Golkar's power be in Gowa was the lowest since the weaker in these regions. One of the most implementation of the direct regional prominent regions showing Golkar’s elections in 2005. At that time Ichsan poor performance was Gowa. Yasin Limpo who was a Golkar candidate won the most votes and TABLE I succeeded in winning Gowa regional Results Of Regional Election election. In Gowa In 2015 No Candidat Bearer Vote TABLE II . e Name Party Acquisit Comparison Of Golkar Candidate ion Vote Acquisition In Gowa 1. Andi Demokrat 97. 437 Regional Election In 2005-2015 Maddusil , Hanura, (26,81 Year of Golkar Bearer Vote a– PKPI, %) Regional Candidat Party Acquisition Wahyu PKB Election Name Permana 2005 Ichsan Golkar, 98.336 (32 2. Sjachrir Golkar 14.192 Yasin PPDK, %) Sjafrud (3,90 %) Limpo – Demokrat din– Abd. Anwar Razak Usman Badjidu 3. Djamalu Perseoran 5.741 2010 Ichsan Golkar, 184.628 ddin gan (1,58 %) Yasin Hanura, (56,39 %) Maknun Limpo – PDK, – Abd. PPP, Masjkur Razak PDIP, 4. Tenri PPP, 94.706 Badjidu PBR, Olle YL– Nasdem (26,06 Demokrat Khairil %) 2015 Sjachrir Golkar 14.192 Muin Sjafruddin (3,90 %) 5. Adnan Perseoran 151.373 Source: KPUD Kabupaten Purichta gan (41,65 Gowa YL– %) Three direct regional elections in Abd. Gowa showed that the 2015 regional Rauf election was the first defeat experienced Mallagan by Golkar candidates with a very sharp ni decline in votes. In fact, Gowa is one of the largest vote bases in South Sulawesi. Halaman 70 This strength comes from the legacy of be a Golkar’s strongest base in the institutional hegemony in the form of region. But in the 2015 regional infrastructure and a very strong elections, Golkar can only nominate its organizational network in which a candidates to six over eleven districts. number of Golkar cadres in Gowa Ironically, from the six districts, Golkar occupy many strategic positions in only won in Soppeng. regional legislative and executive The study of the strength of Golkar positions. in South Sulawesi is always interesting, Since the simultaneous elections in considering that in this region Golkar has 2015, Golkar has experienced sharp always been the winner of the election reduction of votes in several parts of and the biggest contributor to Golkar's Indonesia. This decline was related to the vote in the region. This is due to Golkar's national political conditions at that time ability to control patronage by utilizing where there was a dispute over Golkar elites in the region. According to Tomsa, Party's management in the DPP and the Golkar's political forces were formed formation of two-party management, through strong patronage relations with namely the management faction of local nobility and influential nobles. The Aburizal Bakri (the result of the Bali influential figures include Yasin Limpo's National Conference) and the Agung family, the Halid family, the Baramuli Laksono management faction (the result family and several other political of the Ancol National Conference). As a families that have influenced local result, Golkar cannot nominate politics and business for decades. For candidates in the 2015 regional example, Yasin Limpo's family, his elections. However, this problem can be power in South Sulawesi, was built from resolved after KPU accommodates his wealth, loyal sympathizers and thugs Golkar's interests by changing KPU's and almost all of his family members regulations related to the nomination filled strategic positions in Golkar (allowing political parties that are in management and Golkar wing dispute in the party's internal organization. (Tomsa, 2007) management to nominate candidates The study of the issue of Golkar who have got approval from two institutionalization in elections and disputing camps1 (Ramadhanil, 2016: regional elections was carried out 63-81)). previously. As was the case with Dirk However, Golkar's participation in Tomsa (2008) who measured Golkar the 2015 regional elections has not been institutions in the Indonesian party able to save Golkar from defeat in system after Suharto. Tomsa concluded several regions, including in South that the success of Golkar persisted after Sulawesi. In this region, it can be said to Soeharto because of the different 1 In this case, the KPU changed Regulation No. 9 become KPU Regulation No. 12 of 2015 of 2015 concerning the Nomination of the concerning Amendment to KPU Regulation No. Governor and Deputy Governor, Regent and 9 of 2015. Deputy Regent and Mayor and Deputy Mayor Halaman 71 institutional factors that matched cooperative factionalism in which many Suharto compared to other parties. It is factions work together to build and unite different from the research conducted by the party. Second, competitive Leo Suryadinata (2007) which states that factionalization which arises due to Golkar has been successfully disagreement over the receipt of implemented because it has turned into a incentives obtained. This competitive pluralistic ethnic party. While Hanta factionalization will usually end badly at Yuda (2011) using the theory of party party fragmentation, but on the other institutionalization saw the factors that hand, different between factions can also led to the decline of Golkar's vote in the support because of various different 2009 Legislative Election. In his things for the party. Third, degenerative research findings, Yuda showed that factionalization, the condition consisting there were factors that led to Golkar's of divided parties into many factions defeat of factionalism in the party, aimed at perpetuating the patronage leadership problems and internal relations of each group. It also ended in communication, the formation of new the destruction of the party. (Boucek, parties that form the party and the 2009: 470). Referring to Boucek's electoral contestation is increasingly theory, only competitive and competitive and strong. The image of degenerative factionalization leads to President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono party conflict. Therefore, it is one of the and the Democratic Party. most common functions in Golkar Golkar and the level of internally at the center and in the reform institutionalization in the face of the era that made Golkar increasingly reduce early years of reform in 1999 until 2014. every momentum of electoral What provides a gap from this research contestation. is that Golkar after Soeharto who created This study will analyze the thesis this was the right choice at the time of the of Boucek Factionalism regarding the 2015 regional elections. Golkar votes types of factionalization that contribute were very very popular. in the Regions to the conflict and the division of parties Here are Golkar in each Election and in this reform era. Given that Golkar has Election, namely in South Sulawesi, a strong organizational infrastructure especially in Gowa. network in South Sulawesi that has been This study will use a theoretical built since the New Order. However, due approach introduced by Boucek (2009). to the inability of Golkar to reduce The argument built by Boucek is internal conflicts, it has an impact on the factionalism can reflect a variety of weakening of the party's machinery and different parties. In addition, it depends the decline in votes in the 2015 on the causes and internal simultaneous regional election. internalization. In this case, it was proposed that the destructive cycle of METHODS factionalism could occur. The three main This research is a descriptive faces of factionalism include: First, qualitative research about Golkar South Halaman 72 Sulawesi. The type of research conducted is exploratory research. This research is also a case study research, namely Golkar defeat in the 2015 simultaneous local election in South Sulawesi, with a unit of analysis of candidates who are Golkar cadres fighting in the arena of Gowa regent elections in 2015. Data collection techniques used are documentation and in-depth interviews. Documentation studies were carried out regarding the process of nominating candidates in simultaneous elections, data on vote acquisition, KPU/KPUD, as well as the results of previous studies. Interviews were conducted using the parameters of the selection of respondents, namely understanding the problem, mastering the problem, having been directly involved in Golkar management in Golkar DPD of South Sulawesi, and being directly involved in the simultaneous election process in the location under study.
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