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Glossa Conclusion 3.10. 3.9. 3.8. 3.7. 3.6 3.5. 3.4. 3.3. 3.2. 3.1. Jewish Identities after Israel Methodology 1.4. 1.3. 1.2. 1.1. Introduction Bibliography .
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, Jews Raised as Gentiles Discover their Jewish Roots Jewish their Discover Gentiles as Raised Jews
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Jonathan Webber Jonathan ,15. observance a
Vincze and Richárd Papp who both looked into into looked both who Papp Richárd and Vincze Jewish Identity. Jewish Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities Imagined Anderson’s Benedict
Jewish Identities in the New Europe New the in Identities Jewish concentrat may be may
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(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, Temple University (Philadelphia: ing
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Richard Shusterman, „Next Year in Jerusalem,” in Jerusalem,” in Year „Next Shusterman, Richard Kovács András, Kovács
Alan Montefiore, “Structures of Personal Identity and Cultural Identity,” in in Identity,” Cultural and Identity Personal of “Structures Montefiore, Alan Gabriel Josipovici, Josipovici, Gabriel Garry M Brodsky, „A way of being a Jew; a way of being a Person,” in in Person,” a being of way Jew;a a being of way „A Brodsky, M Garry
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to Israel due to the fact that fact the to due Israel to Many Hungarian Jews have no visible connection to Israel and only a small small a only and Israel to connection visible no have Jews Hungarian Many
Jews and Jewry in Contemporary Hungary: Results of a Sociological Survey Sociological a of Results Hungary: Contemporary in Jewry and Jews s
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the reader that there is no collective aim in Jewishness, and the the and Jewishness, in aim collective no is there that reader the Structures of Personal Identity and Cultural Identity Cultural and Identity Personal of Structures ,” in in ,” ,309 ,291
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Jewish Identity
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Eliezer Schweid, „Changing Jewish identities in the New Europe and the consequences for Israel,” in in Israel,” for consequences the and Europe New the in Jewish identities „Changing Eliezer Schweid, osing grounds, namely the seculars emphasize peoplehood as a binding force while the while force binding a as peoplehood emphasize seculars the namely grounds, osing 1.2. ation, 1994) ation,
Israel and theDiasporaIsrael and affects his opinion strongly and he states that Israel has become the center for for center the become has Israel that states he and strongly opinion his affects , 42 , - a and he lists the axes by which Jewish communities are divided in the the in divided are communities Jewish which by axes the lists he and a 57.
akha as a strict guideline for the way of living and acc and living of way the for guideline strict a as akha , ed. by Jonathan Webber (London; Washington: Littman Library of Jewish of Library Littman Washington: (London; Webber Jonathan , by ed.
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There are some research interviews in Richard Papp's Papp's Richard in interviews some research There are Erdős Ferenc, Kovács András, Lévai Katalin. “Hogyan jöttem rá, hogy zsidó vagyok?: Interjúk”. Interjúk”. vagyok?: zsidó hogy rá, jöttem “Hogyan Katalin. Lévai András, Kovács Ferenc, Erdős 1.3.
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Kovács András. „Changes in Jewish identity in Modern Hungary,” in in Hungary,” Modern in identity Jewish in „Changes András. Kovács Kovács András, Kovács Changes in Jewish Identity in Modern Hungary Modern in Identity Jewish in Changes ded generation. downtothenext 14
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Kovács András, Kovács
Methodology they
claim that the results are results the that claim
Jews and Jewry in Contemporary Hungary: Results of a Sociological Survey Sociological a of Results Hungary: Contemporary in Jewry and Jews
o see the different life contractions of Hungarian Jews that at any at that Jews Hungarian of contractions life different the see o
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mainly in sociolinguistic circles since the 1960s. Social constructivists looked at at looked constructivists Social 1960s. the since circles sociolinguistic in mainly e projected to broader society. broader to projected e
usly with me finding the exact road to walk on, I got acquainted with the the with acquainted got I on, walk to road exact the finding me with usly well rld and it recreates and defines one's personal and cultural identities. The main main The identities. cultural and personal one's defines and recreates it and rld - defined ,
s well as lifewell constructions as frame and identity.s a of upJewish built which has been used in many disciplines and fields as shown in her work work her in shown as fields and disciplines many in used been has which
Baal Ts Baal ru ta i vsbe and visible is that group
da f icus aayi o "h tr t te et a Erica as text" the to turn "the or analysis discourse of idea Language or discourse is the tool to understand oneself and and oneself understand to tool the is discourse or Language h uva h
group in Hungary for Vincze and Hungarian Orthodox Orthodox Hungarian and VinczeHungaryfor group in fe with regular interviews with members of the target the of members with interviews regular with fe is one of the of one is Discourse analysis Discourse Mutatkozások prahbe ihn eih Hungarian Jewish within approachable limitation has been wide been has
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T.A Dijk,
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Discourse studies: A Multidisc A studies: Discourse
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by
putting the subject person into the interview situation and asking and situation interview the into person subject the putting
paused at the very beginning of our session and seemed to be be to seemed and session our of beginning very the at paused iplinary Introduction iplinary ; his or her or his
nonetheless, I must confess, that I experienced some some experienced I that confess, must I nonetheless, ection of stable characteristics. Therefore this this Therefore characteristics. stable of ection
ventually illustrates characteristics that are that characteristics illustrates ventually life. The interviewee The life. . 2, (London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2011),2 Ltd, SAGE Publications (London: 2, . conversation, I briefly explained that I that explained briefly I conversation, Muta it t cannot determine general truth truth general determine cannot kozások kozások s is, first of all, creating first ofall, creating is,
reconst ruct their life life their ruct 67. 21 nine . him
19
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Restaurant. All of them made aliyah after 1991 and are 30 are and 1991 after aliyah made them of All Restaurant. l
and the role of Israeland therole shaping of in a it - Hungarian organizations; therefore I decided to deal with those with deal to decided I therefore organizations; Hungarian spoke
about the followingabout the topics: and
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ere carried out between March between out carried ere ,
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1
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2011 ,
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3.1. J ewish Identitiesewish after
Outlines of of L Outlines
Review. My goal is to show the peculiarity of living in Israel and the effect and and effect the and Israel in living of peculiarity the show to is goal My Review.
experience ife S tories
I srael ;
can give to the individual. givecan tothe individual. however,
fiv e
interviewees with a short outlined description of their their of description outlined short a with interviewees
they
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get acquainted with the backthe with getacquainted
ie Rt dd o hv much have not did Rita side, ground of groundof
22
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uschwitz with uschwitz She p ,
and while she was studying Hebrew and pre and Hebrew studying was she while and henomenon of Israelis studying in Hungarian institutions proved to be much be to proved institutions Hungarian in studying Israelis of henomenon lanned on lanned - month course month by
joining one of the Jewish Youth organizations, UJS in Debrecen. For Debrecen. in UJS organizations, Youth Jewish the of one joining a
coincidence since she she since coincidence At this time, the time, At this her
, inwhat was returning to Israelreturning to graduating after inHungary. parents, when she was in her early teenage years, made her start start her years, made teenage early her in was she when parents, in s, in addition to which she was also working as a waitress in waitress a as working also was she which to addition in s,
Israel, she enjoyed the comfort of the programs provided for for provided programs the of comfort the enjoyed Israel,she a
n Agency promoting Jewish
a liyah campaignliyah all a been had did not did
tdig t h fcly f Hungarian of faculty the at studying decide paring for the university in Israel in university the for paring to across mov
studies in Israel in studies
, e Hungary
to Israel but Israel to which seemed more more seemed which
of planning of Judaism. Judaism. olim
,
in one of of in one rather and Rita Rita and
her
23 to e
CEU eTD Collection in Budapest. founded he Hungary, In her. non a with love in fell he In2000, faculty. directingtheatre the at universityfinished and servicearmy the did years. He Originally as a possibility acting tostudy and Agency Jewish Hungarian to the at described was opportunitythat the took he secondary school, admitted not was he when Therefore girls. and anything in interested hardly was Gergő and much, practices its change not did family the Still, subject. the about communication family's the in watershed a was which Israel an 1989, In family.Communist religious other any strongly a in to taboo serious a regarded as was topic particular this much as general, in as denominations just origin religious grandparents’ the to oblivious seeminglyprotec that Communism of shelter popular the towards enthusiastically turned and Auschwitz surviving after Jewishness remaining their to and of traces all mother left grandparents Jewish the Jewish already, War World Second a the before Assimilated to family mixed a in raised was Gergő Gergő (38) whereIsraelis works with andIsrael. she has a strong very daily connectionwith Agency Jewish the at position present her to admitted got she before companies prestigious friend close a of help the with graduation After facultybeIsrael. sothatworking shecould as workerin a social at studying started she Israel, to return ,
Gergő
i relative revealed the secret to the 14 the to secret the revealed relative i planned to spend to planned
- Jewish woman and three years later he moved back t back moved he later years three and woman Jewish a
Jewish Jewish meet half a year in Israel, but Israel, in year a half t
heatre, and has been a central figure of Jewish leaders Jewish of figure central a been has and heatre, the
girls, infact, but was it making
University of Jewish Studies at the Social Worker Worker Social the at Studies Jewish of University ,
ia aae t wr fr a for work to managed Rita ted Jews from anti from Jews ted the - year old Gergő through a phone call call phone a through Gergő old year Hungarian Film Academy after after Academy Film Hungarian he
eventually stayed for stayed eventually
- aliyah. non a Semitism. Gergő was Gergőwas Semitism. other -
eih father. Jewish o Hungary for for Hungary o
than couple of of couple acting acting eight 24 ,
CEU eTD Collection occurred home visits that meant which institutions boarding were school vocational the and school secondary the Both Israel. to Joszi follow and belongings her all sell to mind her up t return to not decided he in camp summer a during grade eighth the after and studies religious his enjoyed Joszi parentshim toenroll decided ra was child only an as Joszi times. several Israel to familytraveled the that fact the despite even surroundings his of awareness any have notdid Joszi István, name the Bornunder part. major backgroundaplayed Jewish similar a of choosing in a par still but religious in matters interest of themany showed Neither names. by Jewishness recognizedeachfamily other’s their and their previous spouses, Th the grandparentsmother managed andthe tosurvive. for shoemaker prestigious a be to used grandfather The characteristics. traditional more bore family mother’s the side, other the On absolutely The assimilated gra Jew. fathernever met the in any received never precisely of end the after years only mother his found war, the of end 10 a be to thought was who father, The anyoneknowing. without Israel the only were side father’s the on hold to managed who those and relatives, Joszi’s of many of death the to lead Holocaust the of horrors The both grandfathers working incr Jo (30) Joszi szi was born into into born was szi e mother and the father met in a working environment, both after having divorced from from divorced having after both environment, working a in met father the and mother e
a family o Hungary. The mother The Hungary. o in whose ancestors were of religious and traditional backgrounds, backgrounds, traditional and religious of were ancestors whose afts.
the newly opened - et tahn aot i otoo ros n ge it an into grew and roots orthodox his about teaching depth
the ther problematic up until the age of 11 when the the when 11 of age the until up problematic ther statesmen of the country and the nuclear family, nuclear the and country the of statesmen ,
Jewish who had already divorced the father the divorced already had who
grandparents. ndfather again.ndfather
school on horrors,
Wessélenyi h gadahr ld to fled grandfather The
- year old orphan at the the at yearorphan old
tner the significance the tner abandoned or more more or abandoned
street .
,
Israel, made made 25
CEU eTD Collection re knowledge and about learn to adolescent an for arose opportunities more Budapest, in for gathered years,they other in but frequency, their in fam the years, some constant in that meaning not and family nuclear the in prevailing not were practices Jewish Traditional childhood. early her in away passed they because blurry are them about B in community religious Jewish the of members active were grandparents maternal the hand, other the On resided. grandparents the where father’sgranddaughter distanceBudapest and duephysical the betweenandMunkács side the after practices so abandoned and religious been had ancestors maternal the and paternal the Both Communities) Jewish Hungarian MAZSIHISZ wereparents the where family Jewish culturallya in grewup Judit (35) Judit years.past the in businessman a as working been has and community religious the within job a found Hungary in living been have They year a Hungary to returned he and background religious a from wife future in b the in permanently running were studies Yeshiva his meantime the in and kosher more turned household mother’s the request, Joszi’s of Because all knew Josef. himby thename on to the army. In the middle of his service, during one of his visits to Hungary he met his met he Hungary to visits his of one during service, his of middle the In army. the to
the weekends, but most of the time Joszi was among immigrants mainly from Russia who who Russia from mainly immigrants among was Joszi time the of most but weekends,
lated to the Jewish people and Israel. Even though she did not attend a Jewish a attend not did she though Even Israel. and people Jewish the to lated World War World
II . Close contact did not develop bet develop not did contact Close .
ones ad h gadaet osre rlgos traditions. religious observed grandparents the and founders,
ever since raising since ever Passover ily did not celebrate any Jewish holidays together at all, at together holidays Jewish any celebrate not did ily . Thanks to the more and more lively Jewish life life Jewish lively more and more the to Thanks . udapest, but Judit’s knowledge and memory memory and knowledge Judit’s but udapest,
their children in an o an in children their ackground, even after his recruitment his after even ackground, ween the grandparents on the the on grandparents the ween rthodox rthodox later merge
to marry her. her. marry to ( Feder me of their of me wa
in y. Joszi Joszi y. ation of to
the 26 ,
CEU eTD Collection make to weeks 3 for Army Israeli the Jewish the joined in volunteer to hedecided and weekly prayers Friday their attended Szombathely, of subjects; community related Jewish in interest strong a grew Tamás moment, were members family the which in pictures grandmother’s the of some found he when 22 of age the until this to oblivious was Tamás again. memories their or origins their mentioned never they and War World Second the after them of Both war. the during service labor for summoned was grandfather his and survivor camp concentration labor a was grandmother His tailor. a as worked everyone where families Jewish poor from were they originally Jewish, born observant been always had baptized also were grandparents side the side, father’s the On mother’s Catholics. the on grandparents the and Christian were parents Both family. Catholic traditional a into countryside, the in 1980, in born was Tamás Tamás (33) wereexpectingfirst born. their they interview, the of time the at and married got They newspaper. prestigious a in position a returned She Hebrew. in than Hungary in language would career her that decided she her advice, boyfriend’s following mainly and journalism and writing on more directed interest Her husband. university. Slowly they army the joining of instead but aliyah made they fact, in And, Israel. aim the with army the finished join would the they when and aliyah school secondary make would they that hers of friend a with decided she Israel, 12 of age the at company Jewish finding of aim the with Dror Zionist Jewish a joined she school, primary a liyah in 2006 to a kibbutz called Magan Michael near Haifa. He spent half a year a half spent He Haifa. near Michael Magan called kibbutz a to 2006 in liyah
,
she finished her studies and in the meantime, she started dating her present dating her the meantime, started she in studiesand her finished she . Following his 7 his Following .
wearing a yellow star on their clothing. From that that From clothing. their on star yellow a wearing - - year service in the Hungarian army, he decided decided he army, Hungarian the in yearservice oils yuh raiain named organization youth Socialist , soon followed by the boyfriend the by followed soon
be more successful in her own native own her in successful more be decided to convert to Christianity Christianity to convert to decided - 13. After several visits paid visits several After 13. to realize a heroic death for for death heroic a realize to , however, the however, ,
chose to study at study to chose y ,
H had been been had and took and a b onim onim
27 in
CEU eTD Collection their of II War World after continuity Jewish their break not did that families the even that see also can we conducted I interviews five the In life. their to meaningpositive and explanation some gave it generationthird the in more and group part felt they as experience shocking a was many for which origin Jewish Interjúk vagyok?: co interview the In secrecy. and/or silence denial, of form the in present was this family nuclear initiatives murd were Jews Hungarian of Shoa ratio the namely events, historical greatseveral to Due Jews. a assimilated also and Jews religious of amount significant a included that population ma to similarly II, War World Before ever since. jobs related Israel and Jewish various in working been has He Hungary. to returned he whom with girl, Hungarian a girlfriend, present his met he where time some for Michael retu go,he to year.Having nowhere ahalf in succeeded he which in conversion his and studies his complete to returned he yearHungary, in a half After conversion. orthodox of comfort the enjoyed he While factories. the of one in working years 2.5 and Hebrew studying there llection of Ferenc Erdős, András Kovács and Katalin Lévai and of AndrásFerenc Katalin llection ofKovács Erdős, 3.2.
surrounding F amily Background , many Jews denied their roots and became irreligious and/or Communists. In their their In Communists. and/or irreligious became and roots their denied Jews many , the kibbutz life, he chose to apply to one of the religious kibbutzim to start his start to kibbutzim religious the of one to apply to chose he life, kibbutz the
the main focus is the second and third generation’s discovery of discovery generation’s third and second the is focus main the
communities ered
and the new regime after the war the after regime new the and . The . five ny developed countries, Hungary had a large Jewish Jewish large a had Hungary countries, developed ny
kept a low profile and profile low a kept
families of the interviewees can be categorized by categorized be can interviewees the of families Hogyan jöttem rá,hogyHogyan zsidó jöttem hid
that h
their Jewishness Jewishness their where 500,000 where
discouraged religious religious discouraged
of a disadvantaged a of rned to Magan Magan to rned
their own own their - 600,000 in front in 28
CEU eTD Collection research. same the to according society Hungarian the in representation their shows percentage The provided is that picture greater a in put is attitude Their attachment. or detachment their of intensity the 4. 3. 2. 1.
founded Jewish school. Their secrecy is more related more is secrecy Their school. Jewish founded is familybut the communicatedoutside not is that consciousness Jewish strong a is there 52%" me. to important " Attachment: about backgroundJewish strongest isthe here. family the outside communication The circles. Jewish find to need defined well strong a has Judit and organizations Jewish the of one of founders are parents The regularity. the lacking but traditions Jewish keep to inclination consciousness, 15% me. to lot a means " attachment: Complete the fervent Communist grandfather and the the and grandfather Communist fervent the a is religion where family mixed religiously Communist " Detachment: daily their In practice past. their to attachment their show camp death the to trip family's and accentuated are roots Jewish the but despised is religion where family mixed religiously Communist attachment: Partial to the fear
by the sociological survey of survey sociological the by manifested , no Jewish traditions arecase ofRita. traditions kept asinthe, noJewish of
anti My feelings about being Jewish are quite strong but other things are also also are things other strongbut quite are Jewish being about feelings My in the family visits in family and the the and family in visits family the in ko ta I m eih but Jewish am I that know I - Semites. "I know that I am Jewish but I don’t care too much about it. 28%" it. about much too care don’t I but Jewish am I that know "I kept part of family discourse. The mother's visit to Israel and the the and Israel to visit mother's The discourse. family of part kept " Religiously " I have a very strong awareness of my Jewish identity a identity Jewish my of awareness strong very a have I
omns rlgosy hom religiously Communist
Jews and Jewry in Contemporary Hungary Contemporary in Jewry and Jews homogeneous Jewish family with strong Jewish Jewish strong with family Jewish homogeneous
dnt ae o mc aot t 28% it. about much too care don’t I eie hne do change regime enrollment
to the father's party position than position party father's the to gnos eih aiy where family Jewish ogeneous taboo
, only after the death of of death the after only , of Joszi into the newly the into Joszi of they start to turn turn to start they
from 2005. from nd it it nd 29 "
CEU eTD Collection Magyarországon 24 szám (1994), 23 Hungary,” Contemporary 22 forget, First that thepattern isthefollowing difficulties psychological of terms in generations different of specifications the shown have surveys psychological and anti verbal of disappearance the shows likely most f not do interviewees about been already Jews with whathad knowledge themselvesexisting their inconflict The experience. positive a mostly was roots Jewish own their completely practice Ta grandmotherof the Jews, provincial that findings Mars's supports also it detachment, complete of case the In
Várnai György, "Aholoc György, Várnai in Jewish Identity Reflections on Anthropological Innovation: and Tradition, “Discontinuity, Mars, Leonard oás nrs "sd cootk s dniásrtgá a a Magyarországon, mai a identitásstratégiák és csoportok "Zsidó András, Kovács 5.
generation of generation
background. donotwelcome They in subjects. interest Tamás's Jewish defi here parents The Tamás. of case the in as all at background Jewish of trace no having " detachment: Complete subject in Jewish it into merge not do they but subjects, Jewish towards 147. e hmevs s hitas n te rnprns ee sek bu their about speak never grandparents the and Christians as themselves ne
ed. by Kovács András (Budapest: Múlt és Jöv és Múlt (Budapest: András Kovács by ed. más, who returned to their village after the Shoah abandoned their religioustheir abandoned Shoah the after village their returnedto who más, 22 Shoah survivors: breaking away from traditions, traumatized, attempt to attempt traumatized, traditions, from away breaking survivors: Shoah
. Social Compass Social aust késői pszichoszomatikus és pszichoszociális hatásai," THALASSA 5. évfolyam 1 évfolyam 5. THALASSA hatásai," és pszichoszociális késői pszichoszomatikus aust
It
s is also remarkable that the reaction to the individuals' realization realization individuals' the to reaction the that remarkable also is 23
but theygetdo notthemselves. involved relative
and relation to their origin and therefore it is now widely accepted widely now is it therefore and origin their to relation and - Semitism Semitism
24 I don't know. 5%" know. don't I :
46/1 (1999), irrelevance of Jews in Communist Hungary and the the and Hungary Communist in Jews of irrelevance from
5. ulc icus. oevr mn soc many Moreover, discourse. public
Christian family living in the countryside, the in living family Christian ő, 2002),25. ő, . They wel They .
come Gergő's interest Gergő's come "
in in
sdk mai a Zsidók iological iological ,
which which ind - 2. 30 of
CEU eTD Collection 27 26 25 For Joszi their that suggest could self Jewish we Therefore group. age their of tendency general the of part is All Third secretive, Second
Josziinterview, Ibid. 11 Ibid. 2 Ibid. five
generation of Shoah survivors: rediscovery of traditions, survivors:pride,generation rediscovery of positive Shoah .
Isti was still not fired not still was Isti school), “ ancdocuments proving Jewish it that and papers “ that gave mythat sayignited thebasis.Soto that appetite.” Kazinczy that things the from there, from and Jewish was I that know to got just had I there got I when since thing, whole the started “Wesselényi István, aoriginalIsti is nicknameIstván) for is name
. It is a really interesting thing because as soon as I got to Wesselényito got I as soon becauseas thing interesting really a is It parent my that meeting that at moment the was That individuals in this research are third generation Jews and their turn towards Judaism Judaism towards turn their and Jews generation third are research this in individuals generation of Shoah survivors: unaware of traditions, traumatized and ashamed, ashamed, and traumatized traditions, of unaware survivors: Shoah of generation
,
the experience was a one: positive very - identification was onpositive built 1 . suddenly a kind of easiness started to prevail prevail to started easiness of kind a suddenly
[Synagoge]
's
for extra classes, my personal interest made me go there. But there. go me made interest personal my classes, extra for no problem, that they would would they that problem, no from school as it happened every time previously. time every happened it as school estors) . I was like, ‘what?’. II waslike,gotreally excited. ‘what?’. . emotions
or
indifferen
sw there saw I s 27
simply in said that they would bring the bring would they that said
me. A year passed and little little and passed year A me. ce bring the papers papers the bring .
,
start I
(the name of the the of name (the identity. ed ” 26
” on to going
25 (Joszi’s
(the 31
CEU eTD Collection are where careers moreover, circumstances, surveillance; under constant under 29 28 described inHan c public in matters professional and family basic about discussions open could Jewishness their communicateabout not did Jews many that fact The forbidden. is what and said be can what of consciousness constant the on up built also was structure social and political the that this from see can We their inner circles. outs and family the within interacted people how in difference the to refers that phrase communication" "dual the use often ideas These characteristic. psychological II War World the of effect the by explained generally is generation second and first the typifies that communication is phenomenon second The not everyonewas as accepted a member. the with identify to easier and be to proved it therefore communication public in prevailing not were Jewish being of connotations negative definition perso a is First experience. Joszi's from visible are tendencies important very Two
" 11 Ibid. In a system of ubiquitous spying, where everybody may be a police agent and each individual feels himself feels himself individual each and agent police a be may where everybody spying, ubiquitous of system a In about. So it was like we went on holiday (…). Where did we go? Somewhere. When I When Somewhere. go? we did Where (…). holiday on went we like was it So about. t guests of kind all with house our in arranged dinners of kind all were there and ministry the for work to used He job. father's my of because people, other with things share to allowed not was I child a was I when honest, be "To didn’t want to sayIjust to it, didn’t want say didn’t it
of aiming to be something unique, something unusual. For the For unusual. something unique, something be to aiming of
ha ad h fear the and Shoah nah Arendt's description ofthenah description Arendt's
the of absence of information within the family. The lack of of lack The family. the within information of absence
anti -
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Conclusion ided to use Solomon's 10 elements of Jewish identity since I found it practical and and practical it found I since identity Jewish of elements 10 Solomon's use to ided e of this research was to introduce a new topic to Hungarian Jewish identity research research identity Jewish Hungarian to topic new a introduce to was research this of five
aliyah in Hungary, and as a and inanyin Hungary, fact matter not a countries of greatextent other to
neves itne t fn sm caatrsis ht r nt ecie in described not are that characteristics some find to intended I interviews st dream, without the explicit theexplicit without tostayintention st dream, for therestoftheir there lives.
and phenomenon of phenomenon and c material, we could see that there is a gap in the subject of modern modern of subject the in gap a is there that see could we material, c yeridah . To my knowledge, this s this knowledge, my To .
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have better opportunities in Hungary than in Israel and they can reach their their reach can they Israel and in than Hungary in opportunitiesbetter have ses thattheyIsrael.ses lived have in oe e ter nprto fo te Jew the from inspiration their get Some ing
more Jewish. Others are indifferent or even supporters even or indifferent are Others Jewish. more four oe n ngtv feig fr the for feelings negative no howed
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but being a Jew in Hungary raises many questions of questions many raises Hungary in Jew a being but It seems that there is a huge difference in difference huge a is there that seems It in all the life constructions. Being a Jew Jew a Being constructions. life the all in - eiim Ms o the of Most Semitism. - Semitic rhetoric Semitic being g in Israel in Israel in g Jewish Jewish 65
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