Aerospace Facts and Figures
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L AUNCH SYSTEMS Databk7 Collected.Book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Databk7 Collected.Book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM
databk7_collected.book Page 17 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS databk7_collected.book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM databk7_collected.book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS Introduction Launch systems provide access to space, necessary for the majority of NASA’s activities. During the decade from 1989–1998, NASA used two types of launch systems, one consisting of several families of expendable launch vehicles (ELV) and the second consisting of the world’s only partially reusable launch system—the Space Shuttle. A significant challenge NASA faced during the decade was the development of technologies needed to design and implement a new reusable launch system that would prove less expensive than the Shuttle. Although some attempts seemed promising, none succeeded. This chapter addresses most subjects relating to access to space and space transportation. It discusses and describes ELVs, the Space Shuttle in its launch vehicle function, and NASA’s attempts to develop new launch systems. Tables relating to each launch vehicle’s characteristics are included. The other functions of the Space Shuttle—as a scientific laboratory, staging area for repair missions, and a prime element of the Space Station program—are discussed in the next chapter, Human Spaceflight. This chapter also provides a brief review of launch systems in the past decade, an overview of policy relating to launch systems, a summary of the management of NASA’s launch systems programs, and tables of funding data. The Last Decade Reviewed (1979–1988) From 1979 through 1988, NASA used families of ELVs that had seen service during the previous decade. -
Gemini 4 an Astronaut Steps Into the Void
springer.com Popular Science : Popular Science in Astronomy Shayler, David J. Gemini 4 An Astronaut Steps into the Void Details the first American spacewalk in a leap forward from the Mercury program Follows each detail of Gemini's extended duration flight, NASA's first, relying extensively on archives Continues the Pioneers in Early Spaceflight series which looks one-by-one at the Mercury and Gemini flights The flight of Gemini 4 in June 1965 was conducted barely four years after the first Americans flew in space. It was a bold step by NASA to accomplish the first American spacewalk and to extend the U.S. flight duration record to four days. This would be double the experience gained from the six Mercury missions combined. This daring mission was the first to be directed from Springer the new Mission Control at the Manned Spacecraft Center near Houston, Texas. It also revealed 1st ed. 2018, XXV, 378 p. that: Working outside the spacecraft would require further study. Developing the techniques to 1st 81 illus., 46 illus. in color. rendezvous with another object in space would not be as straightforward as NASA had hoped. edition Living in a small spacecraft for several days was a challenging but necessary step in the quest for even longer flights.Despite the risks, the gamble that astronauts Jim McDivitt and Ed White undertook paid off. Gemini 4 gave NASA the confidence to attempt an even longer flight the Printed book next time. That next mission would simulate the planned eight-day duration of an Apollo lunar Softcover voyage. -
Appendix a Apollo 15: “The Problem We Brought Back from the Moon”
Appendix A Apollo 15: “The Problem We Brought Back From the Moon” Postal Covers Carried on Apollo 151 Among the best known collectables from the Apollo Era are the covers flown onboard the Apollo 15 mission in 1971, mainly because of what the mission’s Lunar Module Pilot, Jim Irwin, called “the problem we brought back from the Moon.” [1] The crew of Apollo 15 carried out one of the most complete scientific explorations of the Moon and accomplished several firsts, including the first lunar roving vehicle that was operated on the Moon to extend the range of exploration. Some 81 kilograms (180 pounds) of lunar surface samples were returned for anal- ysis, and a battery of very productive lunar surface and orbital experiments were conducted, including the first EVA in deep space. [2] Yet the Apollo 15 crew are best remembered for carrying envelopes to the Moon, and the mission is remem- bered for the “great postal caper.” [3] As noted in Chapter 7, Apollo 15 was not the first mission to carry covers. Dozens were carried on each flight from Apollo 11 onwards (see Table 1 for the complete list) and, as Apollo 15 Commander Dave Scott recalled in his book, the whole business had probably been building since Mercury, through Gemini and into Apollo. [4] People had a fascination with objects that had been carried into space, and that became more and more popular – and valuable – as the programs progressed. Right from the start of the Mercury program, each astronaut had been allowed to carry a certain number of personal items onboard, with NASA’s permission, in 1 A first version of this material was issued as Apollo 15 Cover Scandal in Orbit No. -
Accesso Autonomo Ai Servizi Spaziali
Centro Militare di Studi Strategici Rapporto di Ricerca 2012 – STEPI AE-SA-02 ACCESSO AUTONOMO AI SERVIZI SPAZIALI Analisi del caso italiano a partire dall’esperienza Broglio, con i lanci dal poligono di Malindi ad arrivare al sistema VEGA. Le possibili scelte strategiche del Paese in ragione delle attuali e future esigenze nazionali e tenendo conto della realtà europea e del mercato internazionale. di T. Col. GArn (E) FUSCO Ing. Alessandro data di chiusura della ricerca: Febbraio 2012 Ai mie due figli Andrea e Francesca (che ci tiene tanto…) ed a Elisabetta per la sua pazienza, nell‟impazienza di tutti giorni space_20120723-1026.docx i Author: T. Col. GArn (E) FUSCO Ing. Alessandro Edit: T..Col. (A.M.) Monaci ing. Volfango INDICE ACCESSO AUTONOMO AI SERVIZI SPAZIALI. Analisi del caso italiano a partire dall’esperienza Broglio, con i lanci dal poligono di Malindi ad arrivare al sistema VEGA. Le possibili scelte strategiche del Paese in ragione delle attuali e future esigenze nazionali e tenendo conto della realtà europea e del mercato internazionale. SOMMARIO pag. 1 PARTE A. Sezione GENERALE / ANALITICA / PROPOSITIVA Capitolo 1 - Esperienze italiane in campo spaziale pag. 4 1.1. L'Anno Geofisico Internazionale (1957-1958): la corsa al lancio del primo satellite pag. 8 1.2. Italia e l’inizio della Cooperazione Internazionale (1959-1972) pag. 12 1.3. L’Italia e l’accesso autonomo allo spazio: Il Progetto San Marco (1962-1988) pag. 26 Capitolo 2 - Nascita di VEGA: un progetto europeo con una forte impronta italiana pag. 45 2.1. Il San Marco Scout pag. -
John F. Kennedy Space Center
1 . :- /G .. .. '-1 ,.. 1- & 5 .\"T!-! LJ~,.", - -,-,c JOHN F. KENNEDY ', , .,,. ,- r-/ ;7 7,-,- ;\-, - [J'.?:? ,t:!, ;+$, , , , 1-1-,> .irI,,,,r I ! - ? /;i?(. ,7! ; ., -, -?-I ,:-. ... 8 -, , .. '',:I> !r,5, SPACE CENTER , , .>. r-, - -- Tp:c:,r, ,!- ' :u kc - - &te -- - 12rr!2L,D //I, ,Jp - - -- - - _ Lb:, N(, A St~mmaryof MAJOR NASA LAUNCHINGS Eastern Test Range Western Test Range (ETR) (WTR) October 1, 1958 - Septeniber 30, 1968 Historical and Library Services Branch John F. Kennedy Space Center "ational Aeronautics and Space Administration l<ennecly Space Center, Florida October 1968 GP 381 September 30, 1968 (Rev. January 27, 1969) SATCIEN S.I!STC)RY DCCCIivlENT University uf A!;b:,rno Rr=-?rrh Zn~tituta Histcry of Sciecce & Technc;oGy Group ERR4TA SHEET GP 381, "A Strmmary of Major MSA Zaunchings, Eastern Test Range and Western Test Range,'" dated September 30, 1968, was considered to be accurate ag of the date of publication. Hmever, additianal research has brought to light new informetion on the official mission designations for Project Apollo. Therefore, in the interest of accuracy it was believed necessary ta issue revfsed pages, rather than wait until the next complete revision of the publiatlion to correct the errors. Holders of copies of thia brochure ate requested to remove and destroy the existing pages 81, 82, 83, and 84, and insert the attached revised pages 81, 82, 83, 84, 8U, and 84B in theh place. William A. Lackyer, 3r. PROJECT MOLL0 (FLIGHTS AND TESTS) (continued) Launch NASA Name -Date Vehicle -Code Sitelpad Remarks/Results ORBITAL (lnaMANNED) 5 Jul 66 Uprated SA-203 ETR Unmanned flight to test launch vehicle Saturn 1 3 7B second (S-IVB) stage and instrment (IU) , which reflected Saturn V con- figuration. -
String Combiners for Solar Photovoltaic Systems a Plug & Play Solution For
Australian catalogue | April 2017 String combiners for solar photovoltaic systems A plug & play solution for photovoltaic solar installations String combiners for solar photovoltaic systems Summary String combiners ......................................................................... 2 A complete set of information, a touch away from your fingers .... 4 Exemples of photovoltaic applications Residential systems ................................................................ 8 Commercial systems ............................................................. 10 Utility scale systems .............................................................. 12 Range plus ................................................................................ 14 String combiner 1000V DC Technical features ................................................................. 16 Order code - for ungrounded or floating earthing systems ..... 17 Order code - for grounded earthing systems ......................... 18 String combiner 1500V DC Technical features ................................................................. 19 Order code ........................................................................... 20 Overall dimensions .................................................................... 21 Connection examples Single output ......................................................................... 22 Multi-output .......................................................................... 27 Products ................................................................................... -
Conestoga Launch Vehicles
The Space Congress® Proceedings 1988 (25th) Heritage - Dedication - Vision Apr 1st, 8:00 AM Conestoga Launch Vehicles Mark H. Daniels Special Projects Manager, SSI James E. Davidson Project Manager, SSI Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Daniels, Mark H. and Davidson, James E., "Conestoga Launch Vehicles" (1988). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 7. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1988-25th/session-11/7 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONESTOGA LAUNCH VEHICLES by Mark H. Daniels Special Projects Manager, SSI and James E. Davidson Project Manager, SSI launch into space. As such, it represents an Abstract important precedent for all other space launch companies. Several major applications for commercial and government markets have developed recently which In order to conduct the launch, the company will make use of small satellites. A launch solicited and received approvals from 18 different vehicle designed specifically for small satellites Federal agencies. Among these were the Air Force, brings many attendant benefits. Space Services the State Department, the Navy, and the Commerce Incorporated has developed the Conestoga family of Department. Commerce required SSI to obtain an launch vehicles to meet the needs of five major export license, due to the extra-territoriality of markets: low orbiting communication satellites, the vehicle's splashdown point. positioning satellites, earth sensing satellites, space manufacturing prototypes, and scientific Since that time, the company has organized a team experiments. -
Scout Nozzle Data Book
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19770010201 2020-03-22T10:22:21+00:00Z NASA CR-145136 SCOUT NOZZLE DATA BOOK by S. Shields DECEMBER 1975 Prepared Under Contract No. NAS1-12500 Task R-52 by VOUGHT CORPORATION Dallas, Texas for NASA National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration W-NAASTJ FACILITY s cQ INPUT BRANCh A N77-17144 SCOUT NOZZLE DATA BOOK By S. Shields (NASA-CR-145136) SCOUT NOZZIE,DTA BOOK N77-17144 jVought Corp., Dallas, Tex.) 318 p BC: A14/M A01 CSC 21H Un c-las G3/20 13832 Prepared Under Contract No. NASl-12500 Task R-52 by VOUGHT CORPORATION Dallas, Texas for NJASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration 4 REPRODUCEDBy - ' NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVJCE Us- DEPARTMEMJOFCOMMERCE , PRIINGFIELD,-VA. 22.161 FOREWORD This document is a technical program report prepared by the Vought Systems Division, LTV Aerospace Corporation, under NASA Contract NAS1-IZ500. The program was sponsored by the SCOUT Project Office of the Langley Research Center with Mr. W. K. Hagginbothom as Technical Monitor. The author wishes to acknowledge the contributions of Mr. R. A. Hart in the area of Material Process and Fabrication and the SCOUT propulsion personnel in supplying reports and other documentation as well as their efforts in reviewing the various sections of this document. iii Pages i and ii are blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Figures .............................................................. viii List of Tables .......................................................... ..... xi Summary .. ................................ -
Pub Date Abstract
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 058 456 VT 014 597 TITLE Exploring in Aeronautics. An Introductionto Aeronautical Sciences. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration, Cleveland, Ohio. Lewis Research Center. REPORT NO NASA-EP-89 PUB DATE 71 NOTE 398p. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. GovernmettPrinting Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Stock No.3300-0395; NAS1.19;89, $3.50) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$13.16 DESCRIPTORS Aerospace Industry; *AerospaceTechnology; *Curriculum Guides; Illustrations;*Industrial Education; Instructional Materials;*Occupational Guidance; *Textbooks IDENTIFIERS *Aeronatics ABSTRACT This curriculum guide is based on a year oflectures and projects of a contemporary special-interestExplorer program intended to provide career guidance and motivationfor promising students interested in aerospace engineering and scientific professions. The adult-oriented program avoidstechnicality and rigorous mathematics and stresses real life involvementthrough project activity and teamwork. Teachers in high schoolsand colleges will find this a useful curriculum resource, w!th manytopics in various disciplines which can supplement regular courses.Curriculum committees, textbook writers and hobbyists will also findit relevant. The materials may be used at college level forintroductory courses, or modified for use withvocationally oriented high school student groups. Seventeen chapters are supplementedwith photographs, charts, and line drawings. A related document isavailable as VT 014 596. (CD) SCOPE OF INTEREST NOTICE The ERIC Facility has assigned this document for processing to tri In our judgement, thisdocument is also of interest to the clearing- houses noted to the right. Index- ing should reflect their special points of view. 4.* EXPLORING IN AERONAUTICS an introduction to Aeronautical Sciencesdeveloped at the NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. -
GEMINI MANNED FLIGHT PROGRAM to DATE by LT
GEMINI MANNED FLIGHT PROGRAM TO DATE bY LT. COL. JAMES A. McDIVITT, USAF (M) Astronaut - NASA/MSC NEIL A. ARMSTRONG Astronaut - NASA/MSC SHEPARD: We'd like to talk during this part of the presentation aboui the Gemini program and tu give you a current status report on the last three flights which we have completed this year. A few days ago, a Marine colleague of mine and I were having a discussion in the control center at Houston. This Marine colleague is now a soft drink salesman but he happened to be there for the occasion of the receni eight-day mission which we completed. We were discussing a flight which occurred in May of 1961. The flight plan indicated so many seconds of control and rate command, SO many seconds of control in manual, so many seconds to look out the window, so many seconds for this, so many seconds for that, a completely chalked full flight plan. In the meantime on the control center floor discussion was going on between the ground and the pilots and they were saying "well if we don't get this thing done Tuesday we can do it Thursday." We have two gentlemen here to present the last part of this session for you. I could spend a great deal of time introducing both of them. They both have wide experience, varied backgrounds, with emphasis of course in the aero- space and aeronautical professions. They both I think are fairly well known to you so I won't take too much time in enumerating the many accomplishments which they have achieved to date. -
NASA History Fact Sheet
NASA History Fact Sheet National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Policy and Plans NASA History Office NASA History Fact Sheet A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION by Stephen J. Garber and Roger D. Launius Launching NASA "An Act to provide for research into the problems of flight within and outside the Earth's atmosphere, and for other purposes." With this simple preamble, the Congress and the President of the United States created the national Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on October 1, 1958. NASA's birth was directly related to the pressures of national defense. After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in the Cold War, a broad contest over the ideologies and allegiances of the nonaligned nations. During this period, space exploration emerged as a major area of contest and became known as the space race. During the late 1940s, the Department of Defense pursued research and rocketry and upper atmospheric sciences as a means of assuring American leadership in technology. A major step forward came when President Dwight D. Eisenhower approved a plan to orbit a scientific satellite as part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) for the period, July 1, 1957 to December 31, 1958, a cooperative effort to gather scientific data about the Earth. The Soviet Union quickly followed suit, announcing plans to orbit its own satellite. The Naval Research Laboratory's Project Vanguard was chosen on 9 September 1955 to support the IGY effort, largely because it did not interfere with high-priority ballistic missile development programs. -
Gemini 4 by John Pollock
5-Cent GEMINI 4 Stamps By John Pollock This is a preamble to the following short article. In 1965, as part of the Space Race with Russia, aerospace companies in the country operated at full capacity in an effort to put a man on the moon. Such was the case in Southern California. As a design engineer at that time, I lived in Fountain Valley, after moving from Los Angeles in that same year because of racial eruptions. My involvement in the Space Race is that I was one of the engineers for a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) project at Seal Beach Naval Weapons Station. The project consisted of several buildings designed and constructed for the assembly, as well as systems testing of the second stage rocket S-II for the Apollo 11 Saturn V moon rocket. The second stage was designed and fabricated by North American Aviation Company in nearby Downey. When Commander Neil A. Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. of the Apollo 11 mission landed on the moon on July 20, 1969, the United States achieved the goal of winning the race. After landing on the moon, a statistician estimated that this achievement was supported by the efforts of about half a million Americans involved. On the heels of the successful NASA Mercury flights to space, the Gemini Program was the next intermediate step, and was recognized as a bridge to the Apollo missions. In other words, it was a training ground for the lunar landing. Specifically, Gemini 4’s objective was to increase the time in space to days rather than hours, because of the need to execute a booster rendezvous, extra vehicular activity (EVA) to include maneuvers outside of the space craft, plus a multitude of scientific experiments.