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Download PDF Datastream Revolution “from the Middle”: Class Power, Democracy, and Middle-Class Narratives in the Philippines, Venezuela, and Ecuador by Celso M. Villegas M.A. Brown University, 2005 B.A. Connecticut College, 2003 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2012 Copyright © 2012 Celso M. Villegas This dissertation by Celso M. Villegas is accepted in its present form by the Department of Sociology as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date _____________________________ _________________________________ Jose Itzigsohn, Chair Date _____________________________ _________________________________ Patrick Heller, Reader Date _____________________________ _________________________________ James Mahoney, Reader Date _____________________________ _________________________________ Richard Snyder, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date _____________________________ _________________________________ Peter M. Weber, Ph.D Dean of the Graduate School iii CELSO M. VILLEGAS Department of Sociology, Ralston House Kenyon College Gambier, Ohio 43022 (740) 427-5794 [email protected] Research Interests Democracy and Development Political regimes, political economy, Latin America, Philippines Political Sociology Class formation, middle-class politics Comparative-Historical Methods Temporality, methods of causal inference Academic Appointments_________________________________________________________ 2011- Present. Kenyon College Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow in International Studies Visiting Assistant Professor of Sociology Education 2012. Brown University, Ph.D. Sociology Dissertation: “Revolution from the Middle: Class Power, Democracy, and Middle-Class Narratives in the Philippines, Venezuela, and Ecuador” Committee: José Itzigsohn (chair), Patrick Heller, James Mahoney, Richard Snyder 2005. Brown University, M.A. Sociology Thesis: “The Clash of Citizenships: Structure, History, and Societal Reaction in Peru, Bolivia, and Venezuela, 1980-2005” Advisor: James Mahoney Reader: René Antonio Mayorga 2003. Connecticut College, B.A. Sociology (minor Government) With distinction, summa cum laude iv Additional Training 2006. Institute for Qualitative Research Methods (IQRM), Arizona State University. Intensive training in qualitative methods – case selection, fuzzy-set social science, causal inference, process tracing, historiography, archival research Publications 2010. “Revolution 'from the Middle': Historical Events, Narrative, and the Making of the Middle Class in the Contemporary Developing World.” Political Power and Social Theory, 21: 301-314. 2007. (with James Mahoney). “Historical Enquiry in Comparative Politics” in The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics, Susan Stokes and Carles Boix, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Presented Papers 2011. “Comparative History and Middle-Class Formation: New Narrative Directions.” Presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society, February 2011. 2009. “Reason for Pasyon: From „Revolution‟ to „Middle-Class Values‟ in the Philippines, 1970s-2005.” Presented at the 2nd annual Boston University Conference on East Asia, February 2009. 2008. “Revolution from the Middle: Middle-Class Consciousness and Revolution in Venezuela and Ecuador.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the New England Council for Latin American Studies, October 2008. 2008. “Time-Sensitivity and Comparative-Historical Methods: Temporality and the Techniques of the late “Second Wave.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, August 2008. 2008. “Middle-Class Formation and Revolution in Ecuador, 1970s-2006.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, March 2008. 2007. “Of Miracles and Middle Forces: The Social Construction of Middle-Class Consciousness in the Philippines, 1970s-2006.” Paper presented at the Third World Studies Center, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Octoboer 2007. 2007. “Distinction and Democracy: Towards a Theory of Middle-Class Formation in Latin America in the Post-Third Wave.” Paper presented at the XVI Latin American Studies Association Congress, August 2007. 2006. “Red Atlantis: Path Dependence and the Ironies of the Native American Reservation System, 1871-2005.” Roundtable paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, August 2006. v Manuscripts under Review or in Progress “Comparative History and Middle-Class Formation: New Narrative Directions” [in progress] “Time-Sensitivity and Comparative-Historical Methods: Temporality and the Techniques of the late “Second Wave” [in progress] “Reason for Pasyon: Transforming Revolution from Popular Discourse to „Middle-Class Values‟ in the Philippines” [in progress] Teaching Instructor Brown University, Department of Sociology SOC0111 - “Social Change, Dictatorship, and Democracy.” Summer '09-'11 SOC1870B - “Seminar in Contemporary Political Sociology.” Spring '10 Writing Consultant Roth Writing Center, Connecticut College, January 2001 – May 2003 Teaching Interests Political Economy of Development Political Sociology Latin American Politics and Society Comparative-Historical Analysis Sociological Theory (Classic, Contemporary) Class and Class Formation Research Experience Visiting Researcher May-August 2008. Centro de Estudios de Desarrollo (CENDES), Universidad Central de Venezuela January-April 2008. Programa de Estudios Políticos, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador (FLACSO-Ecuador) June-October 2007. Third World Studies Center (TWSC), University of the Philippines- Diliman Research Assistant Summer 2003, 2004-2005. For James Mahoney. Book project, Colonialism and Development: Spanish America in Comparative Perspective. Summer 2002. For Nina Crespo. Various Projects, Department of Linguistics, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. vi Awards, Fellowships, and Grants 2011-2013. Kenyon Mellon Postdoctoral Fellowship in International Studies 2007-2008. Brown University Graduate School Manning II Dissertation Fellowship 2004. Tinker Foundation Predissertation Travel Grant 2003-2004. Brown University Graduate School University Fellowship 2003. University of Notre Dame Minority Graduate Fellowship (declined) 2003. Pi Sigma Alpha 2002. Phi Beta Kappa 2002. Connecticut College Winthrop Scholar 1999. Connecticut College Lawrence Scholar Language Proficiency English (fluent) Spanish (ACTFL rating of Advanced High) Tagalog (basic comprehension) Professional Activity Professional Memberships American Sociological Society Section on Comparative and Historical Sociology Section on Political Sociology Section on Teaching and Learning American Political Science Association Latin American Studies Association Panel Organizer 2008. (with Andrea Maldonado) “Perspectives on the Middle Class: Past, Present, and Future.” meeting of the New England Council of Latin American Studies, Providence, RI, October 8, 2008. Conference/Meeting Organizer 2007. (co-organizer) Third Annual Inter-Ivy Sociological Symposium (IISS), Brown University 2006-2007. (co-organizer) Brown University Graduate Workshop on Latin American Politics, Culture, and Society (PCS) Departmental Service 2006-2007. Graduate Student Liaison, Department of Sociology Solomon Center for Teaching and Learning vii Personal Full Name: Celso Miguel Luis Moreto Villegas Nickname: Oslec Date of Birth: November 8, 1980 City of Birth: Manila, Philippines Ethnicity: Filipino Citizenship: United States of America References José Itzigsohn Associate Professor, Department of Sociology Brown University Box 1916 Providence, RI 02912 (401) 863-2528 [email protected] Patrick Heller Associate Professor, Department of Sociology Brown University Box 1916 Providence, RI 02912 (401) 863-7465 [email protected] James Mahoney Associate Professor, Departments of Sociology and Political Science Northwestern University Scott Hall 601 University Place Evanston, IL 60208 (847) 491-2626 [email protected] Richard Snyder Professor, Department of Political Science Brown University Box 1844 Providence, RI 02912 (401) 863-1578 [email protected] viii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is about the relationship between the middle class and democracy in the developing world. It argues that the balance of class power in the Philippines, Venezuela, and Ecuador expresses its influence on democracy through the stories told about the middle class – the narratives of the middle class’ origins, its purpose, and its future. This project began as an observation in February 2005 when middle-class protesters in Quito, Ecuador forced out populist president Lucio Gutierrez. I was taking a course on states and social movements in the Andes with Rene Mayorga, a visiting scholar from Bolivia. The soon-to-be-called Rebelión de los Forajidos was a serendipitous pedagogical moment, and Rene compared it to the indigenous protests in Bolivia that forced out Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada in 2003, and the 2002 protests that temporarily forced out Hugo Chávez in Venezuela. Perhaps I was a bad student because I do not recall the specifics of the class discussion, but I do remember posing to Rene that Los Forajidos were similar to the protesters during People Power 2 or EDSA 2 who forced Joseph “Erap” Estrada from power (as it turns out, they were not). Later that semester, the Watson Institute hosted a conference on
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