Punainen Lista the Red List

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Punainen Lista the Red List 7 Punainen lista The Red list Mika Kalliovirta, Terhi Ryttäri, Carl-Adam Hæggström, Sirkka Hakalisto, Tiina Kanerva, Marja Koistinen, Antti Lammi, Markku Lehtelä, Veli-Pekka Rautiainen, Tapio Rintanen, Veikko Salonen & Anna Uusitalo Putkilokasvit • Vascular Plants Tracheophyta Lajisto ja tiedon taso Species and level of knowledge Maailmassa arvioidaan olevan yli neljännesmiljoona It is estimated that there are more than a quarter of a putkilokasvilajia. Suomessa kasvaa noin 3 550 putkilo- million vascular plant species in the world. A total of kasvitaksonia, kun mukaan luetaan uustulokkaat, ris- approximately 3,550 vascular plant taxa can be found teymät ja apomiktisesti lisääntyvät pikkulajit (taulukko in Finland, when neophytes, hybrids and apomictic 25). Näistä alkuperäisiä lajeja ja muinaistulokkaita on microspecies are included (Table 25). Of these, noin 1 200 lajia. approximately 1,200 species are indigenous species or Tiedon taso Suomen putkilokasvistosta on melko hy- archaeophytes. vä. Aikaisemmin uhanalaisiksi luokitelluista lajeista on We have relatively good knowledge of Finland’s hyvät tiedot ympäristöhallinnon Eliölajit-tietojärjestel- vascular plants. Information on species classified as mässä. Putkilokasvien levinneisyystietoja päivitetään threatened is available from the threatened species jatkuvasti Kasviatlakseen (Lampinen & Lahti 2009). Työ- database of Finland’s environmental administration. ryhmällä on ollut käytössään myös kasvimuseoiden ai- Data on the distribution of vascular plants is being neistot (mm. Kastikka-tietokanta). Keskeinen tietolähde continuously updated in the Atlas of Finnish vascular on kotimainen kirjallisuus, varsinkin kasviharrastajien plants (Lampinen & Lahti 2009). The expert group also lehtien Lutukan ja Talvikin artikkelit. Arvioinnin kannal- had access to the materials of botanical museums (e.g. ta hyödyllisiä ovat alueelliset uhanalaisuusselvitykset, Kastikka database). Finnish research literature was a key paikallisfloorat ja muut kasviston muutoksia käsittelevät source of information, especially articles by botanical artikkelit (2000-luvulla ilmestyneitä muun muassa Taar- enthusiasts in the Lutukka and Talvikki publications. na 2000, Renvall ym. 2002, Häyhä 2003, Vauhkonen 2003, Valuable information was also provided by regional Kalpa & Lammi 2005, Väre ym. 2005, von Numers & Kor- evaluations of threatened species and local floras, venpää 2007, Uusitalo 2007, Hæggström & Hæggström and articles on changes observed in flora (such as the 2008 ja Kettunen 2009). Luontotyyppien uhanalaisuusar- following published in the 2000s: Taarna 2000, Renvall et viointi sisältää myös käyttökelpoista tietoa kasviemme al. 2002, Häyhä 2003, Vauhkonen 2003, Kalpa & Lammi elinympäristöjen kehityksestä (Raunio ym. 2008). Valta- 2005, Väre et al. 2005, von Numers & Korvenpää 2007, kunnan metsien inventointiaineiston (VMI) pohjalta teh- Uusitalo 2007, Hæggström & Hæggström 2008 and dyt analyysit yleisten metsäkasvien runsausmuutoksista Kettunen 2009). The assessment of threatened habitat (Reinikainen ym. 2000) ovat mielenkiintoinen lähde vielä types includes useful information on the development Taulukko 25. Suomesta tunnettujen putkilokasvitaksonien määrä sisältäen mm. apomiktiset lajit, arvioitujen taksonien määrä, punaisen listan taksonien määrä ja niiden osuus arvioiduista taksoneista. 86 lajista on arvioitu 190 alempaa taksonia. Table 25. Number of vascular plant taxa known in Finland, number of assessed taxa, number of red-listed taxa and their proportion of the number of assessed taxa. Of 86 species altogether 190 lower taxa were assessed. Taksonimäärä Arvioituja taksoneita Punaisen listan Punaisen listan taksonien taksoneita osuus arvioiduista Number of taxa Number of assessed Number of red-listed Red-listed as a proportion taxa taxa of assessed taxa Putkilokasvit, ca 3550 1206 334 27,7 % Tracheophyta 183 putkilokasvit • Vascular plants • Tracheophyta Suomen lajien uhanalaiSuuS • punainen kirja 2010 yleisten lajien muutoksia tarkasteltaessa. Työn kuluessa of the habitats of our vascular plants (Raunio et al. 2008). haastateltiin myös lukuisia kasviasiantuntijoita, sekä har- Based on the information produced by the National rastajia että tutkijoita. Forest Inventory (NFI), analyses performed on changes in the abundance of common forest plants (Reinikainen Arviointi et al. 2000) are an interesting source of information when Arviointityön pohjaksi saatiin Luonnontieteellisestä examining changes in the development of still common keskusmuseosta Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo, joka species. During the work, several plant specialists, both käsittää kaikki Retkeilykasvion (Hämet-Ahti ym. 1998) amateur and professional, were also interviewed. sekä sen päivityksen (Hämet-Ahti ym. 2005) sisältämät noin 2 700 taksonia. Luettelon lajiston lisäksi arvioin- Assessment tiin otettiin mukaan myöhemmin Suomesta löytyneet The assessment work was based on the Checklist of the pikkulehdokki (Platanthera obtusata subsp. oligantha) ja Vascular Plants of Finland received from the Finnish sirolauha (Aira caryophyllea). Museum of Natural History, which contains all of the Putkilokasveista arvioitiin pääsääntöisesti muunnos- approximately 2,700 taxa included in the Field Flora of eli variaatiotasoa ylemmät alkuperäiset ja muinaistulo- Finland (Hämet-Ahti et al. 1998) and its update (Hämet- kastaksonit. Variaatiotasolla arvioitiin vain taksoneita, Ahti et al. 2005). In addition to the species listed in joilla on erityistä merkitystä kasvistomme omaleimaisuu- the checklist, Platanthera obtusata subsp. oligantha and den ja monimuotoisuuden kannalta. Näitä ovat esimer- Aira caryophyllea, subsequently found in Finland, were kiksi serpentiinirodut, joista osa on vielä tarkemmin ni- included in the evaluation. meämättä. IUCN:n suosituksesta mukaan otettiin myös The taxa assessed were mainly indigenous and vanhoja, ennen vuotta 1800 saapuneita uustulokkaita archaeophyte taxa at a rank higher than variety. Within (Mannerkoski & Ryttäri 2007). Ohjeen mukaan luokit- this rank, only taxa of special importance to the uniqueness telua sovelletaan vain luonnonvaraisiin populaatioihin, and diversity of our flora were assessed. These include jotka elävät luontaisella levinneisyysalueellaan. Tulok- unnamed taxa growing on serpentine rock outcrops. kaiden käsittelyä rajattiin tätä ohjetta tulkiten siten, että As recommended by the IUCN, some old neophytes, pelkästään ihmisen rakentamissa ympäristöissä (pellot, which arrived before 1800, were also included in the satamat, joutomaat, radanvarret) esiintyviä lajeja ei arvi- evaluation (Mannerkoski & Ryttäri 2007). According to oitu. Lajit arvioitiin, jos niillä oli esiintymiä myös luon- the guidelines, the categorisation process should only be taisen kaltaisissa vakiintuneissa kasvillisuusyhteisöissä, applied to wild populations inside their natural range. kuten kylä- tai valliniityillä. Rajausperiaate ei kuitenkaan Correspondingly, alien species that only occur in man- ollut täysin yksiselitteinen. made environments (fields, ports, waste land, railway Arvioimatta (NE) jätettiin apomiktisesti lisääntyviä embankments) were excluded from the evaluation. ryhmiä, kuten voikukat (Taraxacum spp.), ukonkeltanot Such species were assessed if they also occurred in near- (Hieracium spp. s. str.), harakankeltanot (Pilosella spp.) ja natural established plant communities, such as meadows kevätleinikit (Ranunculus auricomus s. lat.), joihin kuuluu in villages or on embankments. However, the criterion Suomessa yhteensä noin 1 350–1 400 pikkulajia (tauluk- applied was not absolutely unambiguous. ko 26). Arvioimatta jätettiin myös alkuperäiskasviemme Apomictic groups, such as Taraxacum spp., Hieracium risteymät. Arviointiin soveltumattomiin (NA) sijoitettiin spp. s. str., Pilosella spp. and Ranunculus auricomus s. lat., 717 satunnaista ja vakiintunutta uustulokasta, lukuun were not evaluated (NE). These include some 1,350– ottamatta eräitä ennen vuotta 1800 saapuneita lajeja. 1,400 microspecies in Finland (Table 26). Hybrids of our IUCN:n kriteerit soveltuvat putkilokasvien arvioin- indigenous plant species were also excluded. A total of tiin kohtuullisen hyvin. Käsitykset kasvien sukupolven 717 occasional and established neophytes were assigned pituuksista eivät juuri muuttuneet viime arvioinnista to Not Applicable (NA), with the exception of some (Rassi ym. 2001, Rautiainen ym. 2002). Yksivuotisilla la- species that arrived before 1800. jeilla tarkastelujakson pituus oli 10 vuotta, lyhytikäisillä, The IUCN criteria can reasonably well be applied to kaksi- tai monivuotisilla lajeilla yleensä 10–45 vuotta ja vascular plants. No significant alterations were made pitkäikäisillä monivuotisilla vähintään 75 vuotta. Pit- to the generation lengths applied to plants since the käikäisten lajien sukupolvien pituuksista tiedetään kui- previous evaluation (Rassi et al. 2001, Rautiainen et tenkin todellisuudessa hyvin vähän. al. 2002). With respect to annual species, the length of A-kriteeriä voidaan soveltaa putkilokasvien arvioin- observation period was 10 years, for most cases of short- nissa helposti, sillä se ei vaadi tarkkoja tietoja yksilömää- lived, biennial or perennial species 10–45 years, and at 184 Suomen lajien uhanalaiSuuS • punainen kirja 2010 putkilokasvit • Vascular plants • Tracheophyta ristä, ja lajin taantumiskehitystä voidaan peilata myös least 75 years for long-lived perennial species. However, sen elinympäristöjen laadullisen heikentymisen avulla. we actually have very little knowledge
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