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Download This PDF File 8th ASIAN ACADEMIC SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “ASIA Sustainable Innovation: Global Health DiplomaCy, TeChnology and SDGs ACCordanCe” (C-15) INFLUENCE OF THE CAR SHARING SERVICE ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT USAGES Thanaphon Mathuravech1 and Angkee Sripakagorn1* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.1 *Corresponding author, Email address: [email protected] ABSTRACT The present study is to study how can Ha:mo usages affect to walking, and public transport by evaluating the autonomy. The study was focused on the long-term users during Oct. to Nov., 2019. Travel distance, velocity, frequency of transport, and fare were collected by exploring the transport situation. The main indicator was the accessibility index calculated by MATLAB. The original mathematical modelling of accessibility index was developed into the implicit function based on travel cost, travel time, and travel modes. The findings showed car sharing service in university could be adopted to connect trips between public transportations. hence, Ha:mo contributed to make more walking, and more convenient transports covering areas. However, still lack of Personal Miles Travel ‘s equations to predict the travel behaviors. The findings can contribute to use car sharing service instead of using public transport. Therefore, this contribution can reduce more traffic congestion, and reduce private cars. Keywords Car sharing service in university, Ha:mo, Long - term users, Accessibility index and Autonomy. INTRODUCTION Car sharing is one of the shared vehicle-use services growing rapidly in popularity, often backed by private partner organizations, such as in universities and in urban areas because car sharing can both reduce in parking demands and traffic congestions as well as is believed to have both social and environmental benefits (Martin et al., 2010; Transportation Research Board, 2005) Carsharing on university campus: subsidies, commuter benefits, and their impacts on carsharing. A number of country perceives the majority of advantages in car sharing service, therefore it is often running the business in the universities for supporting the students who are the most usages while the others always use any other transport modes i.e., public transportation, private car. For this reason, car sharing business significantly emphasizes to run the business in the university or is known as Niche market (Zhou, 2014). The niche market can make high profits and easily upscale the strategies of business model (Meijer, Schipper, & Huijben, 2019) therefore the car sharing program operating in the university became more successful than in the urban areas and in the rural areas because the mass market had high competitive market (Zhou, 2014). aasic_8 AASIC 8 +66 631 831 201 @aasicofficial 8th ASIAN ACADEMIC SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “ASIA Sustainable Innovation: Global Health DiplomaCy, TeChnology and SDGs ACCordanCe” Car sharing in this research is setting up by Chulalongkorn University and TOYOTA Motor Thailand Co., Ltd. in the project name of “CU TOYOTA Ha:mo” for promoting and motivating people to use Car sharing in Thailand. Ha:mo or Harmonious mobility, is the campus electric vehicle sharing system, can reduce using private vehicle and perceive environmental concern. Users can pick up and return Ha:mo in any stations or known as One-way Station based car sharing. The objectives of this research are Objective 1 is to study how can Ha:mo usages affect to walking, and the public transport usages and Objective 2 is to study evaluates the improvement of the autonomy in the transport situation as a result of the implementation of car sharing in university area. The main indicator for the autonomy is the accessibility index calculated by MATLAB. The average velocity, travel distance, fare and frequency of transport are also investigated for evaluating the ability to reach those areas. The results of this work will act as the guidelines to promote car sharing adoption and set up a new transport network in Thailand. LITERATURE REVIEW Car sharing service can be categorized into 2 categories based on parking area: 1) Station- based car sharing. Users can return car only at the same station called Two-way station-based car sharing, while the car is returned at the different station called One-way station-based car sharing (Nourinejad & Roorda, 2015). And 2) Free-floating car sharing. None of the stations are available for free-floating car sharing. Therefore, the available cars are parked into the parking area (Machado, Hue, Berssaneti, & Quintanilha, 2018). In general, people always use combines modes of transport in everyday life or modal shift, but the decision making depends upon cost, access time, waiting time, energy consumption from travel, and congestion. All the ways are different but uniqueness. The car sharing service becomes an important role in transport, and travel which is affected the high competitive market to choose a suitable transport mode itself. However, authors categorize the modal shift in transport modes into 2 sections as follows: (1) Public transit: In the U.S., People can save overall transportation costs by adopting car sharing service because there are several car sharing stations distributed into the numerous areas with cheap costs (Duncan, 2011). Thus, a quantity of public transit demand usages become decreasing (Shaheen & Martin, 2011). On the other hands, if the cost of public transportation isn’t more expensive, people will be able to use public transport more frequently than car sharing service in China (Yoon et al., 2017).(2) Walking: The decision making to walk depending upon context and environment (Cervero, Round, Goldman, & Wu, 1995). If the public bus stops are further away, people will decide to use other transport modes instead (Ker & Ginn, 2003). On the other hands, to use car sharing can also affect to increase trip generations especially in walking and cycling approximately by 26% and 10% respectively, however when comparing with public transportation is decreased by 9% (Shaheen & Martin, 2011). However, the observed relationship between public transit availability, and car sharing was ambiguous. The number of hypothesis in previous studied researches were expected to the role of aasic_8 AASIC 8 +66 631 831 201 @aasicofficial 8th ASIAN ACADEMIC SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “ASIA Sustainable Innovation: Global Health DiplomaCy, TeChnology and SDGs ACCordanCe” the car sharing service to the public transportation (E. Martin & S. Shahen, 2011: T. Stillwater et al., 2009 and (Nishigaki et al., 2020) A study about the possibility to travel by various transport modes or autonomy travel was limited. One of an interesting study was the evaluation of the improvement’s areas of Ha:mo stations (Nishigaki et al., 2020) by using modified numerical approach (Nguyen & Yoshikawa, 2016). However, still lack of 1) considerations about the increase in the car sharing stations in study area, 2) The relationship between the accessibility index and the inclination of demand usage by other transport modes and Ha:mo in study area. Authors gave an attention to significant in autonomy travel because our study area was an urban area served by full of various transport modes. Car sharing was also served in university environments to offer a service to students, faculty and staff (Zheng et al., 2009). The students have a higher participation rate than university employees (Zhou, 2013). However, the university staff and faculty are more likely to use public transportation or other modes, instead of their car; they need to travel to run errands during their workday often; and their workplace has the characteristics that would make a carsharing program successful. The authors insist on the idea that universities are a niche market for carsharing (Zhou, 2013; Zhou, 2014). Few studies investigated the smart mobility in university campus, but didn’t study the characteristics of car sharing service (L. Rotaris et al., 2019). In this study, Ha:mo in Figure 1 is a one-way station based car sharing, which have some limitations that affect to the problem of one-way car sharing in the imbalance between the stations in order to high demand usages in the different time and the stations are not distributed covering the overall areas of operating service (Shaheen et al., 2015). These limitations of the one-way car sharing service can affect to the satisfaction of user adoption and to the decision making to use other alternative transport modes and the organization will lose some profits from operating service than expected (Alfian, Rhee, Kang, & Yoon, 2015). Study Area Chulalongkorn university is located at the center of Bangkok, Thailand. This area also is a viable economic growth’ areas connected to the Rama I Road (North section), Henri dunant Road (East section), Rama IV Road (South section), Phyathai Road (Middle section), and Banthat thong Road (West section), and also nearby shopping malls i.e. MBK Center Bangkok, Siam Discovery, Siam Paragon, Siam Square, and Central World. Moreover, the number of public transportations can connect to these areas i.e. Public bus, BTS, and MRT making more convenient travel to reach the area easily. Figure 2 illustrated to the study area, and the blue pins are station services. Transportation Situations Chulalongkorn university can be accessed by Metropolitan railway both BTS and MRT, also public bus. Both Siam station and National Stadium Station were near Chulalongkorn
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