Curriculum Vitae Sali A. Tagliamonte March 17Th, 2021
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Constitution Unit Monitor 63 / June 2016
1 Constitution Unit Monitor 63 / June 2016 In addition, important questions relate to the referendum The EU referendum: process itself. Democracy requires that referendums be conducted fairly, but the rules surrounding referendums in a fair process? the UK remain deeply contested. As reported in Monitor 61 (page 12) and 62 (page 11), the legislation enabling the The forthcoming referendum on whether the UK referendum passed through parliament last year amidst should remain a member of the European Union or leave much controversy and only after multiple government – to be held on 23 June – has raised many important concessions. Since David Cameron announced the date constitutional questions. of the vote on 20 February, five important aspects of referendum conduct have received particular attention. In part, these concern the implications that a vote for Brexit would have for the constitution and the First, in line with the Prime Minister’s announcement distribution of power in the UK and the EU. As reported in January, ministers have been allowed to campaign elsewhere in this edition of Monitor, these issues have against the government’s position of supporting a been addressed in a series of Constitution Unit seminars vote to remain in the EU. Five full members of cabinet and briefing papers in recent weeks (see page 14). The have done so (one of whom – Iain Duncan Smith – has briefing papers, as well as videos of the seminars, are subsequently resigned), as have a number of junior available online. The process of Brexit has also been ministers. This is only the third time that ministers examined in detail on the Constitution Unit blog by from the same party have been allowed to disagree so Alan Renwick. -
Question Formation in Québec* Martin Elsig and Shana Poplack 1
Transplanted dialects and language change: question formation in Québec* Martin Elsig and Shana Poplack 1 Introduction Variability in question formation is a well-documented feature of French syntax. In yes/no questions, five distinct variant forms have been competing for centuries: inversion of (clitic) subject and verb (INV), as in (1), complex inversion (C-INV) (2), rising intonation (INT) (3), phrase-initial interroga- tive particle est-ce-que (ECQ) (4), and its post-verbal counterpart tu (TU) (5). (1) As-tu (INV) déjà parlé avec un vrai Français de France là? (XX.105.2768)1 ‘Have you ever spoken to a real Frenchman from France?’ (2) Et le roi est-il (C-INV) icitte? (XIX.036.3932) ‘And the king, is he here?’ (3) Ah, toi tu restes pas (INT) avec tes parents? (XX.112.1819) ‘Oh, you don’t live with your parents?’ (4) Mes bombes est-ce que (ECQ) je les largue ici? (XX.078.1502) ‘My bombs, do I throw them here?’ (5) Tu vas-tu (TU) être plus marié oubedonc moins marié? (XX.079.1471) ‘Are you gonna be more married or less married?’ Empirical studies of European varieties report that the variability illus- trated in (1-5) has resolved itself in favor of INT (3), with ECQ persisting as a minor contender. INV, once the quintessential interrogative marker, is now * The research reported here is part of a larger project entitled Confronting pre- scription and praxis in the evolution of grammar. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Sonderforschungsbereich Mehrsprachigkeit to Elsig, and that of the SSHRC and the Killam Foundation to Poplack. -
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EU Neoliberalism at Bay | 67 EU Neoliberalism at Bay: Social Democratic Renewal or Populist Economic Nationalism? Bryn Jones1 ABSTRACT: After rescuing banks and financial markets from their financial recklessness, the European Union continues with neo-liberal globalism while diminishing social protection and state interventionism. Successive treaties and increasingly re- strictive rules for the Eurozone currency system entailed fiscal austerity. The Greek debt crisis of 2015-16 and protest move- ment such as Occupy! and the Indignados signalled subsequent electoral volatility across Europe. Though constitutionally unre- lated to Eurozone restrictions, the UK’s Brexit revolt expresses similar antipathies. In different ways, Italy’s radical right and populist coalition government, the Pandora’s Box of Brexit and a radicalized UK Labour Party pose new, acute threats to neolib- eral stasis and, potentially, to pillars of the EU regime. National politics hover uncertainly between aspirations for new forms of social democracy and more dynamic forms of right-wing radi- calism embracing ethnic discrimination, economic and cultural nationalism and, potentially, authoritarian 'post-democratic' governance. This analysis dissects right and left populisms in It- aly and the UK to ask whether either of these currents might revitalize or subvert liberal parliamentary democracy, break with neoliberalism, or merely support its continuation. KEYWORDS: Neoliberalism; Social Democratic; Populist Alternatives; European Union Introduction If neoliberal globalism is ailing, what could replace it? Popular protests, 1 Bryn Jones is Lecturer/Visiting Lecturer at the University of Bath, UK. He is the author of Corporate Power and Social Responsibility? and co-editor (with Mike O’Donnell) of Alternatives to Neoliberalism: Towards Equality and Democracy, and Sixties Radicalism and Social Movement Activism. -
Shana Poplack and Marjory Meechan 1 Introduction
10 PATTERNS OF LANGUAGE MIXTURE: NOMINAL STRUCTURE IN WOLOF-FRENCH AND FONGBE• FRENCH BILINGUAL DISCOURSE Shana Poplack and Marjory Meechan 1 Introduction A primary goal of any study of language mixture is to determine the properties of the internal grammars of bilinguals. Specifically, what grammar is utilised at the point where languages meet? Do speakers operate with a single base grammar which is on occasion overlaid with lexical items from another language or are different grammars activated at different times? If the latter is the case, what structural principles govern their juxtaposition? In this chapter, we demonstrate how the variationist method yields straightforward answers to these questions and further, assert that it is the only method which can irrefutably do so. Empirical studies of bilingual performance data have revealed that the utter• ance-internal combination of elements from more than one grammar may surface in a number of different forms, some of which are illustrated in (I), where French• origin items (italicised) alternate with Wolof items. (I) amoon naa fi nak benn copine koo xam ni daf ma have+PAST I LOC CON] IND friend that+you know that she me attacherwoon debut d' annee mais sarna idees yooyoo attach+PAST beginning of year but POSS ideas DEM tax ba leegi mu jappantewoon ak man, c'est que moom cause that now she dispute+past with me it's that she feministe la quoi ta man je defendais des idees yoo feminist it's what so me I defend+PAST IND ideas that+you xamenta ni g;}m mu ma ko sax. -
Ukip 2017 Manifesto
BRITAIN TOGETHER UKIP 2017 MANIFESTO www.ukip.org/manifesto2017 Britain Together Paul Nuttall MEP UKIP Party Leader I have always believed that them down, time and time again. UKIP is at its best when it is You can guarantee that when being radical. It is strongest UKIP says something, we when it is being bold and mean it. leading the political agenda rather than following. This is a unique general election: it is about how the We have done this on Brexit negotiations will be numerous occasions over handled in the years to come the years: when we first said and this makes UKIP more that Britain could not only important than ever before. survive but prosper outside the We are the country’s insurance European Union, the political policy, the guard dogs of Brexit. class laughed at us. When we We have fought for Brexit all our spoke of the need for a points- political lives and we want to based system for migrants If you believe in Britain, ensure that the people get the we were derided as racists kind of Brexit they voted for on if you believe in our values, and xenophobes by the same 23rd June last year. and if you believe in real people. This is now government policy for non-EU migrants. This does not mean we just Brexit, then vote UKIP control immigration and reduce on 8th June. In many ways, UKIP was a the numbers of people coming decade ahead of its time to our country. It means we are on these issues and in this not saddled with a huge divorce manifesto UKIP is once again bill, we reclaim our waters, and setting the agenda. -
Code-Switching 589
Sociolinguistics Soziolinguistik An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society Ein internationales Handbuch zur Wissenschaft von Sprache und Gesellschaft 2nd completely revised and extended edition 2., vollstandig neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage Edited by / Herausgegeben von Ulrich Ammon . Norbert Dittmar Klaus 1. Mattheier . Peter Trudgill Volume 1 / 1. Teilband Offprint I Sonderdruck Walter de Gruyter . Berlin· New York 70. Code-Switching 589 70. Code-Switching/Sprachwechsel 1. Linguistic manifestations of language conjunctions and their conjuncts), but these contact were soon met with a host of counter- 2. Theories of CS examples. 3. Fitting theory to data The first general account of the distribu- 4. The data of cs tion of stemmed from the observation 5. Community strategies for CS es 6. Summary that es is favored at the kinds of syntactic 7. Literature (selected) boundaries which occur in both languages. The Equivalence Constraint (Poplack 1980) states that switched sentences are made up 1. Linguistic manifestations of of concatenated fragments of alternating language contact languages, each of which is grammatical in the language of its provenance (see also Code-switching (eS) is but one of a number Lipski 1978; Muysken 2000; Pfaff 1979). of the linguistic manifestations of language The boundary between adjacent fragments contact and mixing, which variously include occurs between two constituents that are borrowing on the lexical and syntactic levels, ordered in the same way in both languages, language transfer, linguistic convergence, ensuring the linear coherence of sentence interference, language attrition, language structure without omitting or duplicating death, pidginization and creolization, among lexical content. others. There is little consensus in the litera- That general principles, rather than atom- ture over which aspects should be subsumed istic constraints, govern es is now widely under the label code-switching. -
Survey Report
YouGov Survey Results Sample Size: 1003 UKIP Members Fieldwork: 5th - 14th October 2016 Past Leadership Vote Parties EVER Voted For Ideology Gender Age Social Grade Region Diane Lisa Don't Know / Lib Left Right Rest of Wales / Total Other Con Lab UKIP Centre Male Female 18-39 40-59 60+ ABC1 C2DE London Midlands North James Duffy Did Not Vote Dem Wing wing South Scotland Weighted Sample 1003 310 169 193 331 661 245 124 879 91 151 693 722 281 171 321 512 616 353 100 451 181 211 60 Unweighted Sample 1003 421 79 140 363 703 255 123 896 84 139 714 734 269 98 269 636 608 358 86 467 164 202 84 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Which of the following parties, if any, have you ever voted for in a general election? Please tick ALL that apply. UK Independence Party (UKIP) 88 94 88 82 85 90 90 84 100 81 83 89 89 85 72 91 90 86 90 80 89 89 86 90 Conservative 66 73 71 60 60 100 66 68 68 37 50 76 68 60 25 71 77 69 61 52 73 71 54 60 Labour 24 27 25 28 19 24 100 45 25 47 26 23 25 24 11 26 28 24 25 26 22 30 26 16 Liberal Democrat 12 12 15 14 10 13 23 100 12 21 15 11 12 12 9 13 13 13 11 12 13 13 11 12 British National Party (BNP) 6 7 4 8 5 6 7 10 6 11 2 7 5 8 10 7 4 5 8 7 4 9 8 3 Green 3 3 3 3 2 2 8 13 2 8 4 2 2 3 2 4 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 Plaid Cymru 2 2 0 2 2 1 4 6 1 7 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 10 Scottish National Party (SNP) 1 0 2 1 1 1 2 5 1 4 0 1 1 1 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 Another party 5 5 7 8 2 5 5 9 5 6 3 6 5 5 7 4 5 7 2 14 4 5 4 2 Not applicable - I have never voted 1 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 6 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 3 0 Can't remember 1 0 0 0 2 -
New Cambridge History of the English Language
New Cambridge History of the English Language Volume V: English in North America and the Caribbean Editors: Natalie Schilling (Georgetown), Derek Denis (Toronto), Raymond Hickey (Essen) I The United States 1. Language change and the history of American English (Walt Wolfram) 2. The dialectology of Anglo-American English (Natalie Schilling) 3. The roots and development of New England English (James N. Stanford) 4. The history of the Midland-Northern boundary (Matthew J. Gordon) 5. The spread of English westwards (Valerie Fridland and Tyler Kendall) 6. American English in the city (Barbara Johnstone) 7. English in the southern United States (Becky Childs and Paul E. Reed) 8. Contact forms of American English (Cristopher Font-Santiago and Joseph Salmons) African American English 9. The roots of African American English (Tracey L. Weldon) 10. The Great Migration and regional variation in the speech of African Americans (Charlie Farrington) 11. Urban African American English (Nicole Holliday) 12. A longitudinal panel survey of African American English (Patricia Cukor-Avila) Latinx English 13. Puerto Rican English in Puerto Rico and in the continental United States (Rosa E. Guzzardo Tamargo) 14. The English of Americans of Mexican and Central American heritage (Erik R. Thomas) II Canada 15. Anglophone settlement and the creation of Canadian English (Charles Boberg) NewCHEL Vol 5: English in North America and the Caribbean Page 2 of 2 16. The open-class lexis of Canadian English: History, structure, and social correlations (Stefan Dollinger) 17. Ontario English: Loyalists and beyond (Derek Denis, Bridget Jankowski and Sali A. Tagliamonte) 18. The Prairies and the West of Canada (Alex D’Arcy and Nicole Rosen) 19. -
A Guide to the EU Referendum
BRIEFING PAPER A Guide to the EU Referendum On Thursday 23rd June, the UK will vote on whether to remain part of or leave the European Union. This briefing paper outlines the key issues and frequently asked questions around the European Union and Britain’s membership of the organisation. The referendum question will be: "Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union?" www.scottishwomensconvention.org May 2016 The EU Referendum - What’s Happening? Why is a referendum being held? Prime Minister David Cameron promised to hold one if he won the 2015 general election, in response to growing calls from his own Conservative MPs and the UK Independence Party (UKIP). They argued that Britain had not had a say since 1975, when it voted to stay in the EU in a referendum. They believe that the EU has changed a lot since then, gaining more control over people’s daily lives. Mr Cameron said: "It is time for the British people to have their say. It is time to settle this European question in British politics." What is the European Union (EU) The European Union - often known as the EU - is an economic and political partnership of 28 European countries. It began after World War Two to foster economic co-operation, with the idea that countries which trade together are more likely to avoid going to war with each other. It has since grown to become a "single market", allowing goods and people to move around, basically as if the member states were one country. It has its own currency, the euro, which is used by 19 of the member countries, its own parliament and it sets rules in a wide range of areas - including on the environment, transport, consumer rights and even things like mobile phone charges. -
REVISITING PHONETIC INTEGRATION in BILINGUAL BORROWING Shana Poplack Suzanne Robillard
REVISITING PHONETIC INTEGRATION IN BILINGUAL BORROWING Shana Poplack Suzanne Robillard University of Ottawa University of Ottawa Nathalie Dion John C. Paolillo University of Ottawa Indiana University Bloomington This article investigates whether speakers marshal phonetic integration as a strategy to dis - tinguish language-contact phenomena. Systematic comparison of the behavior of individuals, diagnostics, and language-mixing types (code -switches, established loanwords, and nonce bor - rowings) reveals variability at every level of the adaptation process, providing strong evidence that bilinguals do not phonetically distinguish other -language words, nonce or dictionary -attested, in a uniform way. This is in striking contrast to the community -wide morphosyntactic treatment they afford this same material when borrowing it: immediate, quasi -categorical, and consistent. This confirms that phonetic and morphosyntactic integration are independent. Only the latter is a reliable metric for distinguishing language-mixing types.* Keywords : metrics for distinguishing language-contact phenomena, phonetic integration, lexical borrowing, loanword adaptation, nonce borrowings, code -switches, loanword phonology 1. Introduction . Research on spontaneous language mixing has shown that bilin - guals tend overwhelmingly to imbue the words they borrow with the morphological and syntactic features of the recipient language, and that such integration occurs well be - fore the borrowings have achieved the status of bona fide loanwords (e.g. Adalar & Tagliamonte 1998, Budzhak -Jones 1998, Eze 1997, Ghafar Samar & Meechan 1998, Poplack 2018, Poplack & Dion 2012, Poplack & Meechan 1998a, Turpin 1995). In - deed, where the extralinguistic characteristics of loanword status (frequency of use and diffusion across the community) are lacking, this quasi -immediate adoption of the grammatical apparatus of the recipient language is the principal basis on which we can identify loanwords as borrowed. -
Shana Poplack
Shana Poplack Trudeau Fellow 2007, University of Ottawa biography World-renowned sociolinguist Shana Poplack studies language as it is spoken, especially in bilingual and minority language contexts in Canada. With her unique data banks of natural speech, she uses novel analytical methods to trace the evolution of speech varieties within their social, historical, and linguistic contexts. Insights from Shana Poplack’s studies of spoken Canadian French, Canadian English, African American vernaculars, New World Spanish, and the language of urban immigrant communities have challenged received wisdom about the quality of these languages. She demonstrated that alternating between languages in bilingual discourse is a skill, not a defect, and that borrowing vocabulary does not disrupt the grammatical structure of the recipient language. She showed that Black English (in Nova Scotia, for instance) is neither incorrect nor a creole, but an offshoot of Early Modern English that resisted mainstream linguistic change. She debunked the purist idea that natural internal grammatical developments in Canadian French are “corruptions” imposed by contact with English. Shana Poplack studied in France and the United States, earn- ing her Ph.D. at the University of Pennsylvania before joining the University of Ottawa in 1981. She has had an unbroken string of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada research grants, enabling her to maintain her world-acclaimed Sociolinguistics Laboratory. A prolific and highly respected scholar, she has published a long series of influential papers and books, e.g., African American English in the Diaspora (2001), and is a perennial keynote speaker at linguistics and language conferences worldwide. She is Canada Research Chair in Linguistics and Distinguished University Professor at the University of Ottawa, a Killam Research Fellow (2001), a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and a recipi- ent of the Society’s Chauveau Medal (2005). -
The Case of the Nonce Loan in Tamil
Language Variation and Change, 2 (1990), 71-101. Printed in the U.S.A. © 1990 Cambridge University Press 0954-3945/90 $5.00 + .00 The case of the nonce loan in Tamil DAVID SANKOFF Universite de Montreal SHANA POPLACK AND SWATHI VANNIARAJAN University of Ottawa ABSTRACT Nonce borrowings in the speech of bilinguals differ from established loanwords in that they are not necessarily recurrent, widespread, or recognized by host language monolinguals. With established loanwords, however, they share the characteristics of morphological and syntactic integration into the host language and consist of single content words or compounds. Furthermore, both types of loanwords differ from intrasentential code-switching —alternate sentence fragments in the two languages, each of which is grammatical by monolingual standards from the standpoints of appropriate function words, morphology, and syntax. In a large corpus of Tamil-English bilingual speech, many words of English origin are found in objects governed by Tamil verbs and vice versa. The equivalence constraint on intrasentential code-switching predicts that no code-switch should occur between verb and object in an SOV/SVO bilingual situation, and hence that objects whose language differs from that of the verb must be borrowed, if only for the nonce. To verify this prediction, we com- pare quantitatively the distribution across various syntactic contexts of both native Tamil and English-origin complements of Tamil verbs, and find them to be parallel. But the strongest evidence in favor of the nonce borrowing hy- pothesis comes from an analysis of variable accusative and dative case mark- ing in these complements, in which the English-origin material is shown, morphologically and syntactically, to be virtually indistinguishable from Tamil (nonpronominal) nouns.