DOCSLIB.ORG

A Study of Sedge-Dominated Areas in the Uinta Mountains

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-1978 A Study of Sedge-Dominated Areas in the Uinta Mountains George Murchie Briggs Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Briggs, George Murchie, "A Study of Sedge-Dominated Areas in the Uinta Mountains" (1978). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 4719. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4719 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A STUDY OF SEDGE-DOMINATED AREAS IN THE UINTA MOUNTAINS by George Murchie Briggs A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Biology (Ecology) Approved: UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 1978 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wo uld like to thank my ma jor professor, James MacMahon and my committee, Martyn Caldwell, Arthur Holmgren, Jan Henderson and Neil West, for their help and patience t hroughout this study. I would a lso l ike to thank St eve Hoffman, Peter Beedlow and Cindy Hatley for help and mu~h needed encouragement. Linda Finchum and Shelly An der son typed the manuscript . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page AWKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii LIST OF TABLES . iii LIST OF FIGURES iv ABSTRACT vi INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 1 MATERIALS AND HETHODS 5 Site select ion 5 Field techniques 6 Determination of above-ground biomass 6 Environmental measurements 7 Analysis techniques 8 SITE DESCRIPTIONS 10 Alpine • 10 Wetland 17 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 30 Alpine 30 Vegetation 30 Soil analysis 32 Cryopedogenic processes 34 Cover . 36 Standing crop 36 Relationships between biotic and abiotic factors 38 Ordinat ions 42 Wetland 61 Vegetation 61 Standing crop 65 Ordinations 69 Density and plant weight 69 Phenology 76 CONCLUSIONS 84 LITERATURE CITED 85 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Species found on the alpine sites . 31 2. Values for soil parameters, slope a nd surface rock characteristics for the a lpine sites . 33 3. Sand analysis of the finest and coarsest a lpine soil s 35 4 . Standing crop and cover values for the alpine s ites . 37 5 . Correlation ma trix for a l pine site parameters . 39 6. R values for simple linear regressions between ordination axes and site parameters 44 7. Species found on the wetland sites 62 8 . Elevation and standing crop values for the we tland sites 66 9 . Density and average shoot weight for Carex aqua tilis , Eleocharis pauciflora, and Scirpus cespitosus. 70 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Map of the King ' s Peak regiou of the Uinta Hountains showing the location of the alpine study sites 12 2 . Map of wetland area SEV 20 3. Map of wetland area TLD 23 4. Map of wetland area SC . 26 5. Map of wetland area FT . 28 6. Ordination of the 18 alpine sites utilizing all the species sampled . 0 46 7. Ordination of the 18 alpine sites utilizing only the important species . 0 48 8. Ordination of 17 alpine sites utilizing a ll of the species sampled. 0 51 9. Ordination of the 17 alpine sites utilizing only the important species 0 53 10. Y-axis values for the 17-site important species ordination plotted against the percentage of rock covered with lichen on that site 0 55 11. Ordination of 13 alpine sites utilizing all species sampled. 0 58 12. Ordination of 13 alpine sites utilizing only the important species 0 60 13. Graph of standing crop versus moisture class for the wetland sites 0 68 14. Graph of the changes in Carex aquatilis plant density throughout the summer 0 72 15. Graph of density of plants versus plant weight for Carex aquatilis on all stagnant sites 0 75 16. Seasonal curves for above-ground s t a nding crop for four wetland sites. 0 78 17. Seasonal curves for above-ground standing crop for four sites where Carex aquatilis was monotypic or nearly so . 0 80 vi LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Page 18. Grow th of individual Carex aquatilis plants 83 vii ABSTRACT A Study of Sedge- dominated Areas in the Uinta Mountains by George Nurchie Briggs, Nas ter of Science Utah State University , 1978 Najor Professor: Dr. James A. NacNahon Department: Biology (Ecology) Twenty- six sedge-dominated sites in the Uinta Nountains of northeastern Utah were studied. These sites could be placed into two categories, wetland sites (those with water-saturated soils) and alpine tundra sites. The alpine sites had above-ground standing crops between 37 2 and 206 g/m • The soils we r e sandy and low in nutrients. Indirect gradient analysis of the alpine sites showed a relationship between soil s tability and vegetation. No other factors were found to be related to overall vegetation patterns . The wetland sites were dominated by different Carex species than the alpine sites. These wetlands were often patches of mono- typic stands. Above- ground standing crop values ranged from 28 2 360 g/m and we r e strongly dependent upon the stagnation of the water on t he site . (89 pages) INTRODUCTION The genus Carex (Cyperaceae) is one of the largest and most common genera in the northern temperate zone of North America . Although there are several taxonomic treatments of the genus (Mackenzie, 1931-35, 1940) ecological studies on the group are rare (Lewis, 1970). Because the genus is large and species determination is difficult, researchers often consider the entity "Carex spp.". This leads to the i llusion that the genus is homogeneous in its habitat and/or niche, an illusion which is dispelled with closer observation. Sedges (used here to repre­ sent the genus Carex) are present in most north temperate habitats and may dominate: alpine tundra, sub- alpine meadows and wetlands a t lower elevations . This study investigates several sedge- dominated areas in northeastern Utah. Some structural differences between these sedge­ dominated ecosystems are described and discussed. LITERATURE REVIEW The best studied aspect of carices' biology is their taxon­ omy. In addition to the Mackenzie treatment, there are works by Hermann (1970) on Rocky Mountain carices, and Lewis (1958) on the carices of Utah . Recent work of Cr onquist (Hitchcock and Cronquist , 1973; Cronquist~ al., 1977) led to a r eorganization of part of the genus, lumping several species. Cronquist recognizes 93 species of Carex in the Intermountain Region; 78 in Utah. Nomenclature in this document follows Cronquist except as noted. 2 The genus Carex is united by several features, the primary one being the presence of a perigynium around the female flower and achene . Characters which separate species are not as definitive. This is pro­ bably due to several factors, two of the most important ones being the presence of polyploidy and the large amount of asexual reproduction. The taxonomy of Carex is by no means satisfactorily completed. More work, especially experimental, is needed to define several of the species. But the keys now present are quite functional and do not merit the apprehension with which they are often approached. Studies on the general growth habits of sedges are few. Gorham and Somers (1973) investigated the life history of Carex rostrata, a wetland sedge. They showed that two populations of shoots were pro- duced, one emerging in tlle fall and overwintering as short shoots, and one emerging in the spring. Kershaw (1962) studied the rhizome behavior of Carex bigelowii. Shaver and Billings (1975) studied the rhizome be­ havior of three arctic wetland plant species including Carex aguatilis and Eriophorum angustifolium (Cyperaceae) . The metabolism of several sedge species has been investigated. Hadley and Bliss (1964) studied the alpine sedge, ~- bigelowii, and found it to have an extremely low light compensation point, one well suited to the foggy environment in which it occurs. Tieszen (1973) studied the annual pattern of productivity and chlorophyll content in Carex aquatilis. Johnson and Caldwell (1975, 1976) investigated gas exchange and water relations of Carex aguatilis. Chapin (1974) and Chapin and Bloom (1976) investigated phosphorus absorption in the same species . 3 Jones (1972a) studied iron and manganese absorption by f . nigra and f · flacca , species which grow in wetland areas having toxic concen­ trations of these ions. Work on sedge-dominated communities has centered on measurements of standing crop and productivity. Standing crop values for several 2 sedge commu nities were found to vary f r om 300 to 1000 g/m depending on altitude and latitude (Bernard, 1973). Bernard (1974) l ooked at above and below ground productivity in a Car ex lacustris communi t y and found the root:shoot ratio to vary from 3:1 in winter t o 3:8 in summer. Gorham and Somers (1973) and Gorham (1974) investigated the above ground productivit y of wetland sedge areas . Dennis and Johnson (1970) and Shaver and Billings (1975) s tudied the below ground productivity in arctic sedge wetlands . Alpine workers amassed data on the produc­ tivity of alpine sedge dominated areas (Bliss, 1966; Scott and Billings, 1964; Wi egolaski, 1972) . Kuramoto and Bliss (1970) investigated both above and bel ow ground productivity of subalpine meadows . Many workers have attempted to elucidate the factors which are controlling the species mixes found in sedge-dominated communities . Harris and Marshall (1963) , Rutter (1955), and Auclair e t al. (1973), described the importance of water level in controlling community struc­ tur e. Arms trong (1967), Armstrong and Boatman (1967) and others stressed the i mpor tance of redox potential in determining community composition .
Recommended publications
  • Plant Species of Special Concern and Vascular Plant Flora of the National

    Plant Species of Special Concern and Vascular Plant Flora of the National

    Plant Species of Special Concern and Vascular Plant Flora of the National Elk Refuge Prepared for the US Fish and Wildlife Service National Elk Refuge By Walter Fertig Wyoming Natural Diversity Database The Nature Conservancy 1604 Grand Avenue Laramie, WY 82070 February 28, 1998 Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following individuals for their assistance with this project: Jim Ozenberger, ecologist with the Jackson Ranger District of Bridger-Teton National Forest, for guiding me in his canoe on Flat Creek and for providing aerial photographs and lodging; Jennifer Whipple, Yellowstone National Park botanist, for field assistance and help with field identification of rare Carex species; Dr. David Cooper of Colorado State University, for sharing field information from his 1994 studies; Dr. Ron Hartman and Ernie Nelson of the Rocky Mountain Herbarium, for providing access to unmounted collections by Michele Potkin and others from the National Elk Refuge; Dr. Anton Reznicek of the University of Michigan, for confirming the identification of several problematic Carex specimens; Dr. Robert Dorn for confirming the identification of several vegetative Salix specimens; and lastly Bruce Smith and the staff of the National Elk Refuge for providing funding and logistical support and for allowing me free rein to roam the refuge for plants. 2 Table of Contents Page Introduction . 6 Study Area . 6 Methods . 8 Results . 10 Vascular Plant Flora of the National Elk Refuge . 10 Plant Species of Special Concern . 10 Species Summaries . 23 Aster borealis . 24 Astragalus terminalis . 26 Carex buxbaumii . 28 Carex parryana var. parryana . 30 Carex sartwellii . 32 Carex scirpoidea var. scirpiformis .
  • Rare Plant Survey of San Juan Public Lands, Colorado

    Rare Plant Survey of San Juan Public Lands, Colorado

    Rare Plant Survey of San Juan Public Lands, Colorado 2005 Prepared by Colorado Natural Heritage Program 254 General Services Building Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 Rare Plant Survey of San Juan Public Lands, Colorado 2005 Prepared by Peggy Lyon and Julia Hanson Colorado Natural Heritage Program 254 General Services Building Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 December 2005 Cover: Imperiled (G1 and G2) plants of the San Juan Public Lands, top left to bottom right: Lesquerella pruinosa, Draba graminea, Cryptantha gypsophila, Machaeranthera coloradoensis, Astragalus naturitensis, Physaria pulvinata, Ipomopsis polyantha, Townsendia glabella, Townsendia rothrockii. Executive Summary This survey was a continuation of several years of rare plant survey on San Juan Public Lands. Funding for the project was provided by San Juan National Forest and the San Juan Resource Area of the Bureau of Land Management. Previous rare plant surveys on San Juan Public Lands by CNHP were conducted in conjunction with county wide surveys of La Plata, Archuleta, San Juan and San Miguel counties, with partial funding from Great Outdoors Colorado (GOCO); and in 2004, public lands only in Dolores and Montezuma counties, funded entirely by the San Juan Public Lands. Funding for 2005 was again provided by San Juan Public Lands. The primary emphases for field work in 2005 were: 1. revisit and update information on rare plant occurrences of agency sensitive species in the Colorado Natural Heritage Program (CNHP) database that were last observed prior to 2000, in order to have the most current information available for informing the revision of the Resource Management Plan for the San Juan Public Lands (BLM and San Juan National Forest); 2.
  • List of Plants for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve

    List of Plants for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve

    Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Plant Checklist DRAFT as of 29 November 2005 FERNS AND FERN ALLIES Equisetaceae (Horsetail Family) Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense Present in Park Rare Native Field horsetail Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum laevigatum Present in Park Unknown Native Scouring-rush Polypodiaceae (Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis Present in Park Uncommon Native Brittle bladderfern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Woodsia oregana Present in Park Uncommon Native Oregon woodsia Pteridaceae (Maidenhair Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Argyrochosma fendleri Present in Park Unknown Native Zigzag fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cheilanthes feei Present in Park Uncommon Native Slender lip fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cryptogramma acrostichoides Present in Park Unknown Native American rockbrake Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss Family) Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella densa Present in Park Rare Native Lesser spikemoss Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella weatherbiana Present in Park Unknown Native Weatherby's clubmoss CONIFERS Cupressaceae (Cypress family) Vascular Plant Pinales Cupressaceae Juniperus scopulorum Present in Park Unknown Native Rocky Mountain juniper Pinaceae (Pine Family) Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies concolor var. concolor Present in Park Rare Native White fir Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies lasiocarpa Present
  • Vascular Plant Species with Documented Or Recorded Occurrence in Placer County

    Vascular Plant Species with Documented Or Recorded Occurrence in Placer County

    A PPENDIX II Vascular Plant Species with Documented or Reported Occurrence in Placer County APPENDIX II. Vascular Plant Species with Documented or Reported Occurrence in Placer County Family Scientific Name Common Name FERN AND FERN ALLIES Azollaceae Mosquito fern family Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquito fern Dennstaedtiaceae Bracken family Pteridium aquilinum var.pubescens Bracken fern Dryopteridaceae Wood fern family Athyrium alpestre var. americanum Alpine lady fern Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosorum Lady fern Cystopteris fragilis Fragile fern Polystichum imbricans ssp. curtum Cliff sword fern Polystichum imbricans ssp. imbricans Imbricate sword fern Polystichum kruckebergii Kruckeberg’s hollyfern Polystichum lonchitis Northern hollyfern Polystichum munitum Sword fern Equisetaceae Horsetail family Equisetum arvense Common horsetail Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine Scouring rush Equisetum laevigatum Smooth horsetail Isoetaceae Quillwort family Isoetes bolanderi Bolander’s quillwort Isoetes howellii Howell’s quillwort Isoetes orcuttii Orcutt’s quillwort Lycopodiaceae Club-moss family Lycopodiella inundata Bog club-moss Marsileaceae Marsilea family Marsilea vestita ssp. vestita Water clover Pilularia americana American pillwort Ophioglossaceae Adder’s-tongue family Botrychium multifidum Leathery grapefern Polypodiaceae Polypody family Polypodium hesperium Western polypody Pteridaceae Brake family Adiantum aleuticum Five-finger maidenhair Adiantum jordanii Common maidenhair fern Aspidotis densa Indian’s dream Cheilanthes cooperae Cooper’s
  • Cyperaceae of Alberta

    Cyperaceae of Alberta

    AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE CYPERACEAE OF ALBERTA Compiled and writen by Linda Kershaw and Lorna Allen April 2019 © Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen This key was compiled using information primarily from and the Flora North America Association (2008), Douglas et al. (1998), and Packer and Gould (2017). Taxonomy follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2015). The main references are listed at the end of the key. Please try the key this summer and let us know if there are ways in which it can be improved. Over the winter, we hope to add illustrations for most of the entries. The 2015 S-ranks of rare species (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SU, according to ACIMS, 2015) are noted in superscript ( S1; S2;SU) after the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. Similarly, exotic species are followed by a superscript X, XX if noxious and XXX if prohibited noxious (X; XX; XXX) according to the Alberta Weed Control Act (2016). CYPERACEAE SedgeFamily Key to Genera 1b 01a Flowers either ♂ or ♀; ovaries/achenes enclosed in a sac-like or scale-like structure 1a (perigynium) .....................Carex 01b Flowers with both ♂ and ♀ parts (sometimes some either ♂ or ♀); ovaries/achenes not in a perigynium .........................02 02a Spikelets somewhat fattened, with keeled scales in 2 vertical rows, grouped in ± umbrella- shaped clusters; fower bristles (perianth) 2a absent ....................... Cyperus 02b Spikelets round to cylindrical, with scales 2b spirally attached, variously arranged; fower bristles usually present . 03 03a Achenes tipped with a rounded protuberance (enlarged style-base; tubercle) . 04 03b Achenes without a tubercle (achenes 3a 3b often beaked, but without an enlarged protuberence) .......................05 04a Spikelets single; stems leafess .
  • Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora, Cedar Breaks National

    Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora, Cedar Breaks National

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora Cedar Breaks National Monument Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR—2009/173 ON THE COVER Peterson’s campion (Silene petersonii), Cedar Breaks National Monument, Utah. Photograph by Walter Fertig. Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora Cedar Breaks National Monument Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR—2009/173 Author Walter Fertig Moenave Botanical Consulting 1117 W. Grand Canyon Dr. Kanab, UT 84741 Editing and Design Alice Wondrak Biel Northern Colorado Plateau Network P.O. Box 848 Moab, UT 84532 February 2009 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientifi c community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifi cally credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. The Natural Resource Technical Report series is used to disseminate the peer-reviewed results of scientifi c studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service’s mission. The reports provide contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. Current examples of such reports include the results of research that addresses natural resource management issues; natural resource inventory and monitoring activities; resource assessment reports; scientifi c literature reviews; and peer- reviewed proceedings of technical workshops, conferences, or symposia.
  • Meadows in the Sierra Nevada of California: State of Knowledge

    Meadows in the Sierra Nevada of California: State of Knowledge

    Figure 7―Meadow series vegetated mar- gin (A), montane (B), slope (B), hanging (B), and tinkers penny (N) in McKinley Grove, Kings River Ranger District, Sierra National Forest. Figure 8―Meadow series vegetated mar- gin (A), montane (B), basin (A), sunken- concave (F), and slender spikerush (L) near Clover Meadow, Minarets Ranger District, Sierra National Forest. subalpine belt, and is in a basin. An intermittent stream short-hair sedge. On the more moist side, sites of this series meanders the length and is tributary to Delaney Creek, which tend to have more shorthair. The caespitose grasses form passes through the lower reaches of the meadow. large bunches, which account for much of the 12 percent The hydrologic series of the site is normal. It receives water cover of higher plants. Litter covers 77 percent of the surface. from upslope in the spring. Soil texture at the site is a sandy Alpine aster (Aster alpigenus) and Sierra bilberry are the two loam with pH 4.9. The water table in mid-July was at a depth next most important species. of 78 cm. At that depth, a layer of coarse sand appears to serve A meadow in the McKinley Grove of Sequoias on the as an aquifer carrying water under the meadow. Shorthair is Kings River Ranger District, Sierra National Forest, contains the vegetative series of the site. Shorthair and Sierra ricegrass a fine example of series A-B-B-B-N (fig. 7). The meadow has (Oryzopsis kingii) make up 36 percent of the composition. On vegetated margins, lies at 6,480 ft (1,975 m) in the montane this site, however, Sierra ricegrass is the main species.
  • An Illustrated Key to the Alberta Figworts & Allies

    An Illustrated Key to the Alberta Figworts & Allies

    AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE ALBERTA FIGWORTS & ALLIES OROBANCHACEAE PHRYMACEAE PLANTAGINACEAE SCROPHULARIACEAE Compiled and writen by Lorna Allen & Linda Kershaw April 2019 © Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen Key to Figwort and Allies Families In the past few years, the families Orobanchaceae, Plantaginaceae and Scrophulariaceae have under- gone some major revision and reorganization. Most of the species in the Scrophulariaceae in the Flora of Alberta (1983) are now in the Orobanchaceae and Plantaginaceae. For this reason, we’ve grouped the Orobanchaceae, Plantaginaceae, Phrymaceae and Scrophulariaceae together in this fle. In addition, species previously placed in the Callitrichaceae and Hippuridaceae families are now included in the Plantaginaceae family. 01a Plants aquatic, with many or all leaves submersed and limp when taken from the 1a water; leaves paired or in rings (whorled) on the stem, all or mostly linear (foating leaves sometimes spatula- to egg-shaped); fowers tiny (1-2 mm), single or clustered in leaf axils; petals and sepals absent or sepals fused in a cylinder around the ovary; stamens 0-1 . Plantaginaceae (in part) . - Callitriche, Hippuris 01b Plants emergent wetland species (with upper stems and leaves held above water) or upland species with self-supporting stems and leaves; leaves not as above; fowers larger, single or in clusters; petals and sepals present; stamens 2-4 (Hippuris sometimes emergent, but leaves/ fowers distinctive) . .02 2a 02a Plants without green leaves . Orobanchaceae (in part) . - Aphyllon [Orobanche], Boschniakia 02b Plants with green leaves . 03 03a Leaves all basal (sometimes small, unstalked stem leaves present), undivided (simple), with edges ± smooth or blunt-toothed; fowers small (2-5 mm wide), corollas radially symmetrical, sometimes absent.
  • Waterton Lakes National Park • Common Name(Order Family Genus Species)

    Waterton Lakes National Park • Common Name(Order Family Genus Species)

    Waterton Lakes National Park Flora • Common Name(Order Family Genus species) Monocotyledons • Arrow-grass, Marsh (Najadales Juncaginaceae Triglochin palustris) • Arrow-grass, Seaside (Najadales Juncaginaceae Triglochin maritima) • Arrowhead, Northern (Alismatales Alismataceae Sagittaria cuneata) • Asphodel, Sticky False (Liliales Liliaceae Triantha glutinosa) • Barley, Foxtail (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Hordeum jubatum) • Bear-grass (Liliales Liliaceae Xerophyllum tenax) • Bentgrass, Alpine (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Podagrostis humilis) • Bentgrass, Creeping (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Agrostis stolonifera) • Bentgrass, Green (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Calamagrostis stricta) • Bentgrass, Spike (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Agrostis exarata) • Bluegrass, Alpine (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa alpina) • Bluegrass, Annual (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa annua) • Bluegrass, Arctic (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa arctica) • Bluegrass, Plains (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa arida) • Bluegrass, Bulbous (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa bulbosa) • Bluegrass, Canada (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa compressa) • Bluegrass, Cusick's (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa cusickii) • Bluegrass, Fendler's (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa fendleriana) • Bluegrass, Glaucous (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa glauca) • Bluegrass, Inland (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa interior) • Bluegrass, Fowl (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa palustris) • Bluegrass, Patterson's (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa pattersonii) • Bluegrass, Kentucky (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa pratensis) • Bluegrass, Sandberg's (Poales
  • The Evolution of Floral Sonication, a Pollen Foraging Behavior Used by Bees (Anthophila)

    The Evolution of Floral Sonication, a Pollen Foraging Behavior Used by Bees (Anthophila)

    BearWorks College of Natural and Applied Sciences 3-1-2018 The evolution of floral sonication, a pollen foraging behavior used by bees (Anthophila) Sophie Cardinal Stephen L. Buchmann Avery L. Russell Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/articles-cnas Recommended Citation Cardinal, Sophie, Stephen L. Buchmann, and Avery L. Russell. "The evolution of floral sonication, a pollen foraging behavior used by bees (Anthophila)." Evolution 72, no. 3 (2018): 590-600. This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/evo.13446 The evolution of floral sonication, a pollen foraging behavior used by bees (Anthophila) Sophie Cardinal,1,2 Stephen L. Buchmann,3 and Avery L. Russell4 1Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 Received March 14, 2017 Accepted January 26, 2018 Over 22,000 species of biotically pollinated flowering plants, including some major agricultural crops, depend primarily on bees capable of floral sonication for pollination services. The ability to sonicate (“buzz”) flowers is widespread in bees but not ubiquitous. Despite the prevalence of this pollinator behavior and its importance to natural and agricultural systems, the evolutionary history of floral sonication in bees has not been previously studied.
  • Draft Plant Propagation Protocol

    Draft Plant Propagation Protocol

    Plant Propagation Protocol for Carex arcta ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production 3Carex Arcta Calflora, www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=1516. TAXONOMY Plant Family Scientific Name CYPERACEAE Common Name Sedge Family Species Scientific Name Scientific Name1 Carex arcta Boott Varieties Sub-species Cultivar Common Synonym(s) Common Name(s) Northern cluster sedge, contracted sedge1, bear sedge5 Species Code (as per CAAR2 USDA Plants database) GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range2 Ecological distribution C. arcta occurs throughout much of the northern U.S. in states such as Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California (along the northern coast), Montana, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Alaska6. It can also be found in all the Canadian provinces6. Throughout each of these states, provinces and regions, C. arcta grows in sphagnum bogs7, wetlands, coniferous swamps, fens, and wet meadows11 often in clearings in the lowland, steppe, and montane zones3. Climate and elevation C. arcta can be primarily found in elevations ranging from 60-1400m8 range (200-4,600 feet) but can also be found at sea level in some regions7. The climate type for C. arcta is highly variable and as such does not have a specified climatic range3. Local habitat and In Washington C. arcta can be found growing in mesic subalpine forests abundance where depressions in the landscape along with poorly draining soils create boggy meadows, moors and marshes, characterized by Tsuga mertensiana as a primary conifer and species such as Carex aquatilis, Salix pedicellaris, Vaccinium occidentale, Aster occidentalis, Eriophorum polystachion, and Kalmia polifolia as the dominant sub- species10.
  • White River National Forest Rare Plant Survey 2006

    White River National Forest Rare Plant Survey 2006

    White River National Forest Rare Plant Survey 2006 Prepared for White River National Forest By Peggy Lyon, Janis Huggins and Georgia Doyle Colorado Natural Heritage Program 254 General Services Building Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 Acknowledgments This project would not have been possible without the help of many people in the White River National Forest: Kevin Atchley for first requesting this survey and working to get a contract in place; Beth Brenneman and Keith Giezentanner who took over for Kevin when he left the area; Joe Doerr and Philip Nyland, for sharing their experience and caring about the rare plants on the forest. Also, we depend on the support of the staff of CNHP in Fort Collins, especially Dave Anderson, Jill Handwerk, Susan Spackman, and Amy Lavender. Thanks also to Tim Hogan at the CU Herbarium for assisting with identification of problem plants; Dee Malone for her expertise and transportation to Taylor Pass; and John Chapman, FS Volunteer, for his time and transportation to Warren Lakes. Colorado Natural Areas Program, under the energetic direction of Brian Kurzel, and members of the Colorado Native Plant Society assisted with a survey of the Hoosier Ridge State Natural Area. Finally, thanks to our spouses, George and Rick, for putting up with our absences over the summer, and our faithful companions Molly and Misia, who protected us from Ptarmigan and other scary things. 2 Executive Summary The White River National Forest contracted with Colorado State University in 2005 to have the Colorado Natural Heritage Program (CNHP) conduct a survey of sensitive plants on the forest.