DOCSLIB.ORG

BLACK WALNUT (Juglans Nigra)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
BLACK WALNUT (Juglans Nigra) BLACK WALNUT Juglans nigra Nearly all members of the Walnut family produce a natural chemical called juglone, which is responsible for toxic reactions in other plants within the surrounding vicinity. Black walnut and butternut produce the greatest quantity of juglone, which can make it difficult to grow susceptible species nearby. SYMPTOMS The symptoms of walnut juglone toxicity can include: stunting of growth, full or partial wilting, and/or plant death. The level of toxicity and the specific plant symptoms will depend upon the plant species of interest. Some species are especially sensitive, while others demonstrate some tolerance to juglone and are able to grow successfully in the presence of black walnut or other juglone-producing trees (i.e. butternut, pecan, hickory). STRATEGIES TO AVOID DAMAGE If possible, planting gardens beneath walnut trees should be avoided if possible, but if proximity to a juglone-producer is unavoidable, there are some methods to reduce the damage to landscape plants. As most of the juglone is found in the roots, buds, and nuts, damage to gardens can be minimized by creating a raised flower bed and/or a physical barrier to prevent root expansion into the proximity of susceptible plants. Also, wood chips and leaf litter from walnut trees should not be used to mulch plants and leaves should be removed from the bed as they fall. Lastly, choosing more tolerant species (often those with shallow roots) and avoiding use of very susceptible species is another approach that can allow for a more successful garden in the presence of black walnut. TOLERANT SPECIES Note: these lists are a general guide, with native species in bold font o Actinida, bower (Actinidia arguta) o Elm (Ulmus sp.) o Ajuga (Ajugia pyramidalis) o Euonymus, winged ‘Gaiety’ (Euonymus o Bean (lima, snap) (Phaseolus sp.) alatus ‘Gaiety’) o Beet (Beta vulgaris) o Fern, Christmas (Polystichum sp.) o Bellwort (Uvalaria sp.) o Fern, lady (Bulbinopsis bulbosa) o Bluegrass, Kentucky (Poa pratensis) o Fescue (Festuca sp.) o Burning Bush (Euonymus alatus) o Forsythia (Forsythia sp.) o Carrot, wild (Daucus carota) o Grape (Vitis sp.) o Catalpa, southern (Catalpa bignonioides) o Grass, orchard (Dactylis glomerata) o Cedar, eastern red (Juniperus virginiana) o Grass, redtop (Agrostis gigantean) o Cherry, sour (Prunus cerasus) o Hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) o Chickweed (Stellaria media) o Hemlock (Tsuga sp.) o Clematis (Clematis sp.) o Hickory, bitternut (Carya cordiformis.) o Coralbells (Heuchera sp.) o Hosta (Hosta sp.) o Corn, sweet (Zea mays) o Hydrangea, wild (Hydrangea sp.) o Creeping Charlie (ground ivy) (Glechoma o Iris (Iris germanica) hederacea) o Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arissema triphyllum) o Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum) o Daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) o Juniper, common (Juniperus communus) o Daisy, shasta (Leucanthemum sp.) o Lilac (Syringa sp.) o Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) o Liriope (Liriope sp.) o Daylily (Hemerocallis sp.) o Locust, black (Robinia pseudoacacia) Page 1 of 2 guelph.ca/healthylandscapes CITY OF GUELPH TOLERANT SPECIES CONTINUED SUSCEPTIBLE o Maple (Acer sp.) SPECIES o May apple (Podophyllum emodi) (very sensitive) o Meadow Rue (Thalictrum sp.) o Mock Orange (Philadephus sp.) o Alder, black (Alnus sp.) o Narcissus (Narcissus sp.) o Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) o Nightshade (Solanym aviculare) o Apple/Crabapple (Malus sp.) o Oak, bur (Quercus macrocarpa) o Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) o Olive, autumn (Elaeagnus umbellate) o Azalea (Rhododendron sp.) o Onion (Allium cepa) o Basswood/Linden, American (Tilia o Ostrich fern (Maltcuria struthiopteris) americana) o Pachysandra (Pachysandra sp.) o Birch, white (Betula papyrifera) o Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) o Blackberry (Rubus sp.) o Pawpaw (Asimina sp.) o Blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) o Periwinkle, myrtle (Vinca minor) o Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) o Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) o Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum o Phlox (Phlox sp.) sp.) o Primrose (Primula vulgaris) o Cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa) o Quince (Pseudocydonia oblonga) o Clover, crimson (Trifolium incanatum) o Raspberry, black (Rubus occidentalis) o Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster sp.) o Redbud (Cercis canadensis) o Crocus, autumn (Colchicum o Rose, wild (Rosa nitida) autumnale) o Solomon’s Seal (Polygonatum odoratum) o Eggplant (Solanum melongena) o Soybean (Glycine max.) o Hackberry, sugar (Celtis laevigata) o Speedwell, creeping (Veronica filiformis) o Honeysuckle, amur (Lonicera maackii) o Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) o Huckleberry (Gaylussacia sp.) o Timothy (Phleum pratense) o Larch, Japanese (Larix kaempferi) o Trillium (Trillium sp.) o Lespedeza (Lespedeza striata) o Violet, dogtooth (Erythronium o Magnolia, saucer (Magnolia americanum) soulangiana) o Viburnum (Viburnum sp.) o Maple, silver (Acer saccharinum) o Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus o Mountain-laurel (Kalmia latifolia) quinquefolia) o Peony (Paeonia sp.) o Wheat (Triticum sp.) o Pepper (Capsicum annuum) o White Clover (Trifolium repens) o Pine, Scotch (Pinus sylvestris) o Wood Sorel, creeping (Oxalis corniculata) o Pine, loblolly (Pinus taeda) o Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) o Pine, eastern white (Pinus strobus) o Pine, red (Pinus resinosa) o Potato (Solanum tuberosum) o Potentilla (Potentilla neumanniana) o Privet (Ligustrum vulgare) o Rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.) o Spruce, Norway (Picea abies) o Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) o Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Page 2 of 2 guelph.ca/healthylandscapes CITY OF GUELPH .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Natural Colourants with Ancient Concept and Probable Uses
    JOURNAL OF ADVANCED BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY Journal homepage: http://scienceq.org/Journals/JABZ.php Review Open Access Natural Colourants With Ancient Concept and Probable Uses Tabassum Khair1, Sujoy Bhusan2, Koushik Choudhury2, Ratna Choudhury3, Manabendra Debnath4 and Biplab De2* 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India. 2 Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science And Technology, Abhoynagar, Agartala, Tripura, India. 3 Rajnagar H. S. School, Agartala, Tripura, India. 4 Department of Human Physiology, Swami Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Tripura, India. *Corresponding author: Biplab De, E-mail: [email protected] Received: February 20, 2017, Accepted: April 15, 2017, Published: April 15, 2017. ABSTRACT: The majority of natural colourants are of vegetable origin from plant sources –roots, berries, barks, leaves, wood and other organic sources such as fungi and lichens. In the medicinal and food products apart from active constituents there are several other ingredients present which are used for either ethical or technical reasons. Colouring agent is one of them, known as excipients. The discovery of man-made synthetic dye in the mid-19th century triggered a long decline in the large-scale market for natural dyes as practiced by the villagers and tribes. The continuous use of synthetic colours in textile and food industry has been found to be detrimental to human health, also leading to environmental degradation. Biocolours are extracted by the villagers and certain tribes from natural herbs, plants as leaves, fruits (rind or seeds), flowers (petals, stamens), bark or roots, minerals such as prussian blue, red ochre & ultramarine blue and are also of insect origin such as lac, cochineal and kermes.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Planning and Zoning
    Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only
    [Show full text]
  • Poisonous Plants of the Southern United States
    Poisonous Plants of the Southern United States Poisonous Plants of the Southern United States Common Name Genus and Species Page atamasco lily Zephyranthes atamasco 21 bitter sneezeweed Helenium amarum 20 black cherry Prunus serotina 6 black locust Robinia pseudoacacia 14 black nightshade Solanum nigrum 16 bladderpod Glottidium vesicarium 11 bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum 5 buttercup Ranunculus abortivus 9 castor bean Ricinus communis 17 cherry laurel Prunus caroliniana 6 chinaberry Melia azederach 14 choke cherry Prunus virginiana 6 coffee senna Cassia occidentalis 12 common buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis 25 common cocklebur Xanthium pensylvanicum 15 common sneezeweed Helenium autumnale 19 common yarrow Achillea millefolium 23 eastern baccharis Baccharis halimifolia 18 fetterbush Leucothoe axillaris 24 fetterbush Leucothoe racemosa 24 fetterbush Leucothoe recurva 24 great laurel Rhododendron maxima 9 hairy vetch Vicia villosa 27 hemp dogbane Apocynum cannabinum 23 horsenettle Solanum carolinense 15 jimsonweed Datura stramonium 8 johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 7 lantana Lantana camara 10 maleberry Lyonia ligustrina 24 Mexican pricklepoppy Argemone mexicana 27 milkweed Asclepias tuberosa 22 mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia 6 mustard Brassica sp . 25 oleander Nerium oleander 10 perilla mint Perilla frutescens 28 poison hemlock Conium maculatum 17 poison ivy Rhus radicans 20 poison oak Rhus toxicodendron 20 poison sumac Rhus vernix 21 pokeberry Phytolacca americana 8 rattlebox Daubentonia punicea 11 red buckeye Aesculus pavia 16 redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus 18 rosebay Rhododendron calawbiense 9 sesbania Sesbania exaltata 12 scotch broom Cytisus scoparius 13 sheep laurel Kalmia angustifolia 6 showy crotalaria Crotalaria spectabilis 5 sicklepod Cassia obtusifolia 12 spotted water hemlock Cicuta maculata 17 St. John's wort Hypericum perforatum 26 stagger grass Amianthum muscaetoxicum 22 sweet clover Melilotus sp .
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Name Species Common Name Abies Lasiocarpa FIR Subalpine Acacia Macracantha ACACIA Long-Spine
    Scientific Name Species Common Name Abies lasiocarpa FIR Subalpine Acacia macracantha ACACIA Long-spine Acacia roemeriana CATCLAW Roemer Acer grandidentatum MAPLE Canyon Acer nigrum MAPLE Black Acer platanoides MAPLE Norway Acer saccharinum MAPLE Silver Aesculus pavia BUCKEYE Red Aesculus sylvatica BUCKEYE Painted Ailanthus altissima AILANTHUS Tree-of-heaven Albizia julibrissin SILKTREE Mimosa Albizia lebbek LEBBEK Lebbek Alnus iridis ssp. sinuata ALDER Sitka Alnus maritima ALDER Seaside Alvaradoa amorphoides ALVARADOA Mexican Amelanchier laevis SERVICEBERRY Allegheny Amyris balsamifera TORCHWOOD Balsam Annona squamosa SUGAR-APPLE NA Araucaria cunninghamii ARAUCARIA Cunningham Arctostaphylos glauca MANZANITA Bigberry Asimina obovata PAWPAW Bigflower Bourreria radula STRONGBACK Rough Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis PRICKLY-PEAR Brazilian Bursera simaruba GUMBO-LIMBO NA Caesalpinia pulcherrima FLOWERFENCE NA Capparis flexuosa CAPERTREE Limber CRUCIFIXION- Castela emoryi THORN NA Casuarina equisetifolia CASUARINA Horsetail Ceanothus arboreus CEANOTHUS Feltleaf Ceanothus spinosus CEANOTHUS Greenbark Celtis lindheimeri HACKBERRY Lindheimer Celtis occidentalis HACKBERRY Common Cephalanthus occidentalis BUTTONBUSH Common Cercis canadensis REDBUD Eastern Cercocarpus traskiae CERCOCARPUS Catalina Chrysophyllum oliviforme SATINLEAF NA Citharexylum berlandieri FIDDLEWOOD Berlandier Citrus aurantifolia LIME NA Citrus sinensis ORANGE Orange Coccoloba uvifera SEAGRAPE NA Colubrina arborescens COLUBRINA Coffee Colubrina cubensis COLUBRINA Cuba Condalia globosa
    [Show full text]
  • Native Trees of Georgia
    1 NATIVE TREES OF GEORGIA By G. Norman Bishop Professor of Forestry George Foster Peabody School of Forestry University of Georgia Currently Named Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources University of Georgia GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION Eleventh Printing - 2001 Revised Edition 2 FOREWARD This manual has been prepared in an effort to give to those interested in the trees of Georgia a means by which they may gain a more intimate knowledge of the tree species. Of about 250 species native to the state, only 92 are described here. These were chosen for their commercial importance, distribution over the state or because of some unusual characteristic. Since the manual is intended primarily for the use of the layman, technical terms have been omitted wherever possible; however, the scientific names of the trees and the families to which they belong, have been included. It might be explained that the species are grouped by families, the name of each occurring at the top of the page over the name of the first member of that family. Also, there is included in the text, a subdivision entitled KEY CHARACTERISTICS, the purpose of which is to give the reader, all in one group, the most outstanding features whereby he may more easily recognize the tree. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express his appreciation to the Houghton Mifflin Company, publishers of Sargent’s Manual of the Trees of North America, for permission to use the cuts of all trees appearing in this manual; to B. R. Stogsdill for assistance in arranging the material; to W.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Conservation Alliance®S Alien Plant Working Group
    FACT SHEET: BLACK LOCUST Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia L. Pea family (Fabaceae) NATIVE RANGE Southeastern United States; on the lower slopes of the Appalachian Mountains, with separate outliers north along the slopes and forest edges of southern Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri DESCRIPTION Black locust is a fast growing tree that can reach 40 to 100 feet in height at maturity. While the bark of young saplings is smooth and green, mature trees can be distinguished by bark that is dark brown and deeply furrowed, with flat- topped ridges. Seedlings and sprouts grow rapidly and are easily identified by long paired thorns. Leaves of black locust alternate along stems and are composed of seven to twenty one smaller leaf segments called leaflets. Leaflets are oval to rounded in outline, dark green above and pale beneath. Fragrant white flowers appear in drooping clusters in May and June and have a yellow blotch on the uppermost petal. Fruit pods are smooth, 2 to 4 inches long, and contain 4 to 8 seeds. Two other locusts native to the Appalachians, Robinia viscosa (with pink flowers), and Robinia hispida (with rose-purple flowers), are used in cultivation and may share black locust’s invasive tendencies. ECOLOGICAL THREAT Black locust poses a serious threat to native vegetation in dry and sand prairies, oak savannas and upland forest edges, outside of its historic North American range. Native North American prairie and savanna ecosystems have been greatly reduced in size and are now represented by endangered ecosystem fragments. Once introduced to an area, black locust expands readily into areas where their shade reduces competition from other (sun-loving) plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Illinois Native Trees
    Technical Forestry Bulletin · NRES-102 Checklist of Illinois Native Trees Jay C. Hayek, Extension Forestry Specialist Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences Updated May 2019 This Technical Forestry Bulletin serves as a checklist of Tree species prevalence (Table 2), or commonness, and Illinois native trees, both angiosperms (hardwoods) and gym- county distribution generally follows Iverson et al. (1989) and nosperms (conifers). Nearly every species listed in the fol- Mohlenbrock (2002). Additional sources of data with respect lowing tables† attains tree-sized stature, which is generally to species prevalence and county distribution include Mohlen- defined as having a(i) single stem with a trunk diameter brock and Ladd (1978), INHS (2011), and USDA’s The Plant Da- greater than or equal to 3 inches, measured at 4.5 feet above tabase (2012). ground level, (ii) well-defined crown of foliage, and(iii) total vertical height greater than or equal to 13 feet (Little 1979). Table 2. Species prevalence (Source: Iverson et al. 1989). Based on currently accepted nomenclature and excluding most minor varieties and all nothospecies, or hybrids, there Common — widely distributed with high abundance. are approximately 184± known native trees and tree-sized Occasional — common in localized patches. shrubs found in Illinois (Table 1). Uncommon — localized distribution or sparse. Rare — rarely found and sparse. Nomenclature used throughout this bulletin follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System —the ITIS data- Basic highlights of this tree checklist include the listing of 29 base utilizes real-time access to the most current and accept- native hawthorns (Crataegus), 21 native oaks (Quercus), 11 ed taxonomy based on scientific consensus.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Assessment for Butternut Or White Walnut (Juglans Cinerea) L. USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region
    Conservation Assessment for Butternut or White walnut (Juglans cinerea) L. USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region 2003 Jan Schultz Hiawatha National Forest Forest Plant Ecologist (906) 228-8491 This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on Juglans cinerea L. (butternut). This is an administrative review of existing information only and does not represent a management decision or direction by the U. S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was gathered and reported in preparation of this document, then subsequently reviewed by subject experts, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if the reader has information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Conservation Assessment for Butternut or White walnut (Juglans cinerea) L. 2 Table Of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION / OBJECTIVES.......................................................................7 BIOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION..............................8 Species Description and Life History..........................................................................................8 SPECIES CHARACTERISTICS...........................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Juglans Nigra Juglandaceae L
    Juglans nigra L. Juglandaceae LOCAL NAMES English (walnut,American walnut,eastern black walnut,black walnut); French (noyer noir); German (schwarze Walnuß); Portuguese (nogueira- preta); Spanish (nogal negro,nogal Americano) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Black walnut is a deciduous tree that grows to a height of 46 m but ordinarily grows to around 25 m and up to 102 cm dbh. Black walnut develops a long, smooth trunk and a small rounded crown. In the open, the trunk forks low with a few ascending and spreading coarse branches. (Robert H. Mohlenbrock. USDA NRCS. The root system usually consists of a deep taproot and several wide- 1995. Northeast wetland flora: Field office spreading lateral roots. guide to plant species) Leaves alternate, pinnately compound, 30-70 cm long, up to 23 leaflets, leaflets are up to 13 cm long, serrated, dark green with a yellow fall colour in autumn and emits a pleasant sweet though resinous smell when crushed or bruised. Flowers monoecious, male flowers catkins, small scaley, cone-like buds; female flowers up to 8-flowered spikes. Fruit a drupe-like nut surrounded by a fleshy, indehiscent exocarp. The nut has a rough, furrowed, hard shell that protects the edible seed. Fruits Bark (Robert H. Mohlenbrock. USDA NRCS. 1995. Northeast wetland flora: Field office produced in clusters of 2-3 and borne on the terminals of the current guide to plant species) season's growth. The seed is sweet, oily and high in protein. The bitter tasting bark on young trees is dark and scaly becoming darker with rounded intersecting ridges on maturity. BIOLOGY Flowers begin to appear mid-April in the south and progressively later until early June in the northern part of the natural range.
    [Show full text]
  • Dry White Pine (Hemlock) Oak Forest
    Dry white pine (hemlock) oak forest This community type occurs on fairly dry sites, often with 25% or more of the forest floor covered by rocks, boulders and/or exposed bedrock. The canopy may be somewhat open and tree growth somewhat suppressed. The tree stratum is dominated by a mixture of Pinus strobus (eastern white pine), or occasionally Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock), and a mixture of dry-site hardwoods, predominantly oaks. On most sites, the conifer and the hardwood component both range between 25% and 75% of the canopy. The oak species most often associated with this type are Quercus montana (chestnut oak), and Q. alba (white oak), although Q. velutina (black oak), Q. coccinea (scarlet oak), or Q. rubra (northern red oak) may also occur. Other associated trees include Nyssa sylvatica (black-gum), Betula lenta (sweet birch), Fraxinus americana (white ash), Prunus serotina (wild black cherry), and Castanea dentata (American chestnut) sprouts. There is often a heath-dominated shrub layer with Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel) being especially important; Gaylussacia baccata (black huckleberry), Vaccinium spp. (blueberries), and Kalmia angustifolia (sheep laurel) are also common. Other shrubs, like Cornus florida (flowering dogwood), Hamamelis virginiana (witch-hazel), Viburnum acerifolium (maple-leaved viburnum) may also occur on less acidic sites. There is typically a sparse herbaceous layer with a northern affinity; Aralia nudicaulis (wild sarsaparilla), Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern), Maianthemum canadense (Canada mayflower), Gaultheria procumbens (teaberry), Trientalis borealis (star-flower), and Medeola virginiana (Indian cumber-root) are typical. The successional status of this type seems variable, in some cases, especially on harsher sites, it appears relatively stable, in other cases it appears to be transitional.
    [Show full text]
  • Juglans Spp., Juglone and Allelopathy
    AllelopathyJournatT(l) l-55 (2000) O Inrernationa,^,,r,':'r::;:';::::,:rt;SS Juglansspp., juglone and allelopathy R.J.WILLIS Schoolof Botany.L.iniversity of Melbourre,Parkville, Victoria 3052, ALrstr.alia (Receivedin revisedform : February 26.1999) CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. HistoricalBackground 3. The Effectsof walnutson otherplants 3.i. Juglansnigra 3.1.1.Effects on cropplants 3. I .2. Eft'ectson co-plantedtrees 3. 1 .3 . Effectson naturalvegetation 3.2. Juglansregia 3.2.1. Effectson otherplalrts 3.2.2.Effects on phytoplankton 1.3. Othel walnuts : Juglans'cinerea, J. ntttlor.J. mandshw-icu 4. Juglone 5. Variability in the effect of walnut 5.1. Intraspecificand Interspecific variation 5.2. Seasonalvariation 5.3 Variation in the effect of Juglansnigra on other.plants 5.4. Soil effects 6. Discussion Ke1'rvords: Allelopathy,crops, history, Juglan.s spp., juglone. phytoplankton,walnut, soil, TTCCS 1. INTRODUCTION The"rvalnuts" are referable to Juglans,a genusof 20-25species with a naturaldistribution acrossthe Northern Hemisphere and extending into SouthAmerica. Juglans is a memberof thefamily Juglandaceae which contains6 or 7 additionalgenera including Cruv,a, Cryptocctrva and a total of about 60 species. Walnuts are corrunerciallyimportant as the sourceof the ediblewalnut, the highly prizedtimber and as a specimentrees. Eating walnutsare usually obtarnedfrom -/. regia (the colrunonor Persianwalnut, erroneousll'known as the English walnut)- a nativeof SEEurope and Asia, which haslong been cultivated, but arealso sometin.res availablelocally from other speciessuch as J. nigra (back walnut) - a native of eastern North America andJ. ntajor, J. calfornica andJ. hindsii, native to the u,esternu.S. ILillis Grafting of supcrior fnrit-bearing scions of J. regia onlo rootstocksof hlrdier spccics.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Walnut Juglans Nigra
    black walnut Juglans nigra Kingdom: Plantae FEATURES Division: Magnoliophyta The deciduous black walnut tree may grow to a Class: Magnoliopsida height of 150 feet and a diameter of five feet. The Order: Fagales trunk is straight, and the crown is rounded. The bark is thick, black and deeply furrowed. The pith in the Family: Juglandaceae twigs is chambered, that is, divided by partitions. ILLINOIS STATUS The bud is rounded at the tip, pale brown and hairy. The pinnately compound leaves have 15 to 23 common, native leaflets and are arranged alternately on the stem. © Guy Sternberg Each lance-shaped leaflet may be up to three and one-half inches long and one and one-half inches wide. The leaflet is toothed along the edges, yellow- green and smooth above and paler and hairy below. Leaves turn yellow in the fall. Male and female flowers are separate but located on the same tree. The male (staminate) flowers are arranged in yellow- green, hairy catkins, while the female (pistillate) flowers are in small spikes. Neither type of flower has petals. The spherical fruits are arranged in groups of one or two. Each green or yellow-green walnut may be up to two inches in diameter. The husk on the fruit is thick, while the nut is very hard, oval, dark brown and deeply ridged. The seed is sweet to the taste. tree in summer BEHAVIORS The black walnut may be found statewide in Illinois. ILLINOIS RANGE This tree grows in rich woodlands. The black walnut flowers in April and May when the leaves are partly grown.
    [Show full text]