DESCRIPTION of the EMERGENCY SITUATION

150 route de Ferney, P.O. Box 2100 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Appeal Tel: 41 22 791 6033 Fax: 41 22 791 6506 e-mail: [email protected] Coordinating Office Angola Post War - Relief & Rehabilitation AFAO-41 Appeal Target: US$ 3,718,783 Balance Requested from ACT Alliance: US$ 2,295,783 Geneva, 5 April 2004 Dear Colleagues, One could say the war is truly over in Angola for now it is 2 years since the cease-fire agreement and no skirmishes or fighting has been reported anywhere in the country between the government of Angola and the UNITA. By the end of 2003, over 3.3 million internally displaced people (IDPs) had returned to their home areas or other preferred areas and the demobilisation exercise had been successfully completed with over 100,000 soldiers having been demobilised. The process of return to home areas for most returnees was precarious and extremely difficult as they did not receive any assistance and had to walk long distances, some over 100 kilometres, with the ever present danger of landmines. The infrastructure such as roads and bridges were literally non existent as they had been totally destroyed during the war. The returnees had further surprises upon their return as they found essential basic infrastructure and services absent and had to continue to face daily hardships in order to survive. Over 500,000 IDPs still remain in camps, mainly because they are unable to reach their home areas due to broken infrastructure and danger of landmines. Despite the above mentioned problems, the people of Angola are determined to embrace the existing peace and rebuild their shattered lives. Efforts are being made by the international community to help the Angolan government with the mammoth task of rehabilitation and reconstruction. However, the needs are vast and the resources so scarce that according to the UN 70% of the population live below US$1 per day. ACT members, Lutheran World Federation / World Service (LWF/WS), Dan Church Aid (DCA), and the Reformed Church in Angola (IERA) would like to continue providing assistance to the various communities in their traditional working areas. DCA will continue with the de-mining programmes in areas where LWF/WS are implementing programmes and where agriculture activities are to be undertaken. LWF/WS and IERA programmes comprise: distribution of non food items, seeds and agricultural hand tools; shelter materials such as plastic sheeting; water and sanitation services; construction and rehabilitation of schools and health centres as well as peace and reconciliation programs. ACT is a global alliance of churches and related agencies working to save lives and support communities in emergencies worldwide. The ACT Coordinating Office is based with the World Project Completion Date: Council of Churches (WCC) and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) in Switzerland. Angola – Relief & Rehabilitation 2 AFAO-41 Appeal LWF - 31 January 2005 DCA - 31 December 2004 IERA - 31 March 2005 Summary of Appeal Targets, Pledges/Contributions Received and Balance Requested LWF DCA IERA ACT CO Total Target Comm. & US$ Monitoring Appeal Targets 1,068,097 2,113,471 527,215 10,000 3,718,783 Less: Pledges/Contr. Recd 428,000 995,000 0 0 1,423,000 Balance Requested from ACT Alliance 640,097 1,118,471 527,215 10,000 2,295,783 Please kindly send your contributions to the following ACT bank account: Account Number – 240-432629.60A (USD) Account Name: ACT - Action by Churches Together UBS AG 8, rue du Rhône P.O. Box 2600 1211 Geneva 4 SWITZERLAND Swift address: UBSW CHZH12A Please also inform the Finance Officer Jessie Kgoroeadira (direct tel. +4122/791.60.38, e-mail address [email protected]) of all pledges/contributions and transfers, including funds sent direct to the implementers, now that the Pledge Form is no longer attached to the Appeal. We would appreciate being informed of any intent to submit applications for EU, USAID and/or other back donor funding and the subsequent results. We thank you in advance for your kind cooperation. For further information please contact: ACT Director, Thor-Arne Prois (phone +41 22 791 6033 or mobile phone + 41 79 203 6055) or ACT Appeals Officer, John Nduna (phone +41 22 791 6040 or mobile phone +41 79 433 0592) ACT Web Site address: http://www.act-intl.org John Nduna Acting Director, ACT Co-ordinating Office Angola – Relief & Rehabilitation 3 AFAO-41 Appeal DESCRIPTION of the EMERGENCY SITUATION The main events in 2003 were the end of the demobilisation process, as agreed between the Government and UNITA in the cease-fire agreement of April 2002 and the successful return of the bulk of displaced and refugees (3.3m out of 4m). More than 100,000 demobilised soldiers and approximately 350,000 family members were returned to their home areas. For many the reintegration process started painfully, when they were hurriedly put on trucks and brought to transit centres or airports where they had to wait for a long time, sometimes months, to be brought to the home areas. In some instances the UNITA ex- soldiers were rejected by the local population in the home villages. The Government decided to integrate 5,000 UNITA health workers and 29,000 teachers into the national health and education systems respectively. But the Government professional skills program to provide former UNITA soldiers with a civil profession only reached 1,400 persons. Though the reintegration process often has been difficult, there are relatively few reports of serious clashes. This does not mean that the past is forgotten. The reconciliation of the population remains a main challenge for the Angolan society. The first test will be during the campaign for upcoming elections. However, resumption of hostilities is not considered a serious possibility. UNITA has renounced any ambition to come to power except by peaceful means. It is trying to recover political strength under its new leadership, headed by Mr Isaias Samakuva, who was elected at the party congress in June 2003. Also the Governing party had a congress and re-elected Mr Eduardo dos Santos as leader and candidate for continuing as president, in spite of previous signals that he might wish to step down. Both sides are bracing themselves for the coming contest in elections. In the meantime UNITA is represented at all levels of the state administration, as was agreed in the Lusaka accord of 1994, by ministers, ambassadors, MPs, governors and vice governors as well as at leading posts of lower administrative levels, the municipalities and communes. The main proof of the total trust of the population in the peace, is the massive and spontaneous return of nearly 4 million IDPs, refugees, demobilised soldiers and their families to their areas of origin, in spite of the extremely precarious situation in the return areas. Four million Angolans – a third of the population – were displaced at the end of the war. 3,3 million have returned to their areas of origin. 70% have returned spontaneously without any form of assistance and to areas that were lacking even minimum social infrastructure. They had to walk back, some of them hundreds of kilometres. A wide stream of people moved all over the country in their quest to reach their homes. Every day the TV broadcast appeals from families to get news of their lost loved ones. 500,000 IDPs remain in camps, mainly because they are unable to reach their home areas due to bad roads, broken bridges and mine risk. It is hoped that they will be able to return in 2004. 145,000 refugees returned from neighbouring countries, of these 75,000 were assisted by UNHCR and its partners. 43,000 came in organised convoys from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia. However, 350,000Angolan refugees remain in neighbouring countries. UNHCR is planning in 2004 to bring another 90,000 returnees in organised convoys and to assist another 55,000 who will arrive spontaneously. Repatriation will re-start after the rainy season in around May 2004. 3,8 million refugees, displaced people, demobilised ex-soldiers and their families have returned to their home areas. But the returnees have returned to nothing - the long war had a devastating impact with schools, health posts and other infrastructure now lying in ruins. The rehabilitation needs are formidable and unless support mechanisms are established in time, entire rural communities will continue be under extreme vulnerability and dependence. Angola – Relief & Rehabilitation 4 AFAO-41 Appeal The situation is presently worsening, because of increased insecurity. This is due to the aggravated mine situation. During 2003, UN security officers gradually opened most roads after assessments of the mine risk but now roads are being closed again due to mine accidents. Old mines, dug deep down during thirty years of war, are surfacing due to the rains and the everyday use after the war. The verges of the roads are mined and when the main track is filled with water drivers attempt to use the verges to avoid the water. Furthermore, during the present rainy season many communities are cut off because of impassable roads and broken bridges. For all these reasons access has deteriorated and the affected population is in acute need of assistance. In order to bridge the gap between emergency and recovery a UN Consolidated Appeal for Transition (CAT) was launched in November 2003. The main planning tool which was used by the UN together with the Government were the provincial transition plans which were elaborated during a process that started in August 2003 by inter-sectoral provincial teams, in which Government agencies, the UN and NGOs took part.

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