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Greater Mesoamerica: the Archaeology of West and Northwest Mexico

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Greater Mesoamerica: the Archaeology of West and Northwest Mexico Michael S. Foster, Shirley Gorenstein, eds.. Greater Mesoamerica: The Archaeology of West and Northwest Mexico. Salt Lake City: Utah State University Press, 2000. xvi + 307 pp. $65.00, cloth, ISBN 978-0-87480-655-7. Reviewed by Charles C. Kolb Published on H-LatAm (August, 2001) Greater Mesoamerica: Between the Mexican Acambaro: Frontier Settlement on the Tarascan- Central Plateau and the American Southwest Aztec Border (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt Universi‐ [Disclaimer: The opinions expressed herein ty, Publications in Anthropology, 1985) and Taras‐ are those of the reviewer and not of his employer can Civilization: A Late Prehispanic Cultural Sys‐ or any other federal agency.] tem, co-author with Helen Pollard (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, Publications in An‐ The editors of this volume and their col‐ thropology, 1983). She was the supervising editor leagues are well known to scholars of Mesoameri‐ of the textbook, Prehispanic America (New York: can archaeology, particularly to researchers who St. Martin's Press, 1974; London: Thames and work in Central Plateau (Meseta Central) and en‐ Hudson, 1974), and a companion archaeological virons as well as west and northwest Mexico. synthesis entitled North America (New York: St. Michael Foster is project director for the cultural Martin's Press, 1975). There is no doubt as to the resources program at the Gila River Indian Com‐ editors' skills and excellent credentials. munity and resides in Phoenix, Arizona. Foster co- edited, with Phil Weigand's, a volume entitled The The editors and contributors assert and docu‐ Archaeology of West and Northwest Mesoamerica ment with their collective feld research and the (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). Shirley syntheses provided in this volume that the term Gorenstein is professor emerita of anthropology, "Greater Mesoamerica" expands the traditional Rensselaer Polytechnical Institute. She is the au‐ definition of what is normally perceived to be the thor of a brief general textbook, Introduction to culture area of "Mesoamerica." In the initial chap‐ Archaeology (New York: Basic Books, 1965), and ter, the editors discuss the background of this cul‐ notable monographs on west Mexico. Among the ture area, the early exclusion of West and North‐ latter are Tepexi el Viejo: A Postclassic Fortified west Mexico, chronological systems, and geo‐ Site in the Mixteca-Puebla Region of Mexico (Phil‐ graphic and ecological factors. It is worth review‐ adelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1973), ing some of their introductory remarks. In 1943 H-Net Reviews Paul Kirchhoff in his classic article "Mesoamerica: Meighan, and published in 1971 covering Nayarit, Sus limites geograficas, composition etnica y car‐ Jalisco, Colima, Guerrero, Michoacan, Sinaloa, Za‐ acteres culturales" (Acta Americana 1:92-107) de‐ catecas, and Durango provided a baseline for re‐ fined the area, refining a paradigm devised by search north and west of the Mesoamerican cul‐ William H. Holmes in 1914. Using cultural traits ture area frontier.[2] However, there has been a plotted geographically, the regions of west and virtual explosion of interest, feld research, and northwest Mexico on the northern Mesoamerican publication on the archaeological cultures and re‐ periphery were excluded from Mesoamerica and gions of west and northwest Mexico during the were also separate from another culture area, the past three decades, particularly during the past American Southwest. For the frst 60 years of the dozen years. 20th century, a handful of individuals conducted The book's dust jacket blurb asserts that this research in these two regions--Alfred V. Kidder, Is‐ volume constitutes "the frst comprehensive over‐ abel Kelly, Carl Sauer, Donald Brand, Gordon view of both regions [west and northwest Mexico] Ekholm, J. Charles Kelley, Betty Bell, Clement since the Handbook of Middle American Indians Meighan, Charles Di Peso, Eduardo Noguera, and was published in the early 1970s." This isn't quite Carroll Riley, among others. true. Betty Bell's edited synthesis, The Archaeolo‐ Eric Wolf examined the history of the north‐ gy of West Mexico (Ajijic, Jalisco: Sociedad de Es‐ ern boundary of Mesoamerica subsequently in his tudios Advanzados del Occidente de Mexico, 1974) delightful, thought-provoking Sons of the Shaping and the Michael Foster and Phil Weigand edited Earth (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959). volume The Archaeology of West and Northwest With revisions (notably by Pedro Armillas in Mesoamerica (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985) 1964), the Mesoamerican boundaries have been were among earlier serious attempts at synthesiz‐ published on maps in major textbooks written by ing these regions. A Spanish-language scholarly Gordon R. Willey (1966) and Muriel Porter treatment edited by B. Bohem de Lameiras and Weaver (1972, with more recent editions in 1981 Weigand, entitled Origin y desarrollo de la civi‐ and 1993).[1] Interestingly, Foster and Gorenstein lizacion en el occidente de Mexico (Zamora: El do not mention Section X on Mexico in Alfred L. Colegio de Michoacan, 1992), is a significant re‐ Kroeber's ecologically oriented Cultural and Nat‐ source. Likewise, Jonathan Reyman's edited The ural Areas of Native North America (Berkeley: Gran Chichimeca: Essays on the Archaeology and University of California, Publications in American Ethnohistory of Northern Mesoamerica (Alder‐ Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 38, 1939), which shot, UK: Avebury, 1995), developed from a 1985 also considers boundaries. Society for American Archaeology symposium is A volume entitled El occidente de Mexico another notable contribution. (Mexico: Sociedad Mexicana de Antropologia, The chapters that comprise Foster and Goren‐ 1947), was an initial attempt to collect informa‐ stein's volume are revised from papers originally tion on the western regions. But with the publica‐ presented at the frst roundtable meeting of the tion of the Handbook of Middle American Indians Center for Indigenous Studies in the Americas (HMAI) in the 1960s and 1970s, archaeological re‐ (CISA) which was entitled "Cultural Dynamics of search in Mesoamerica expanded dramatically Precolumbian West and Northwest Mexico," held thereafter, particularly in the Meseta Central, the over three-day period in Phoenix in February Maya Highlands, the Valley of Oaxaca, and the 1992. The Wenner-Gren Foundation provided con‐ Gulf Coast. Individual chapters in the Handbook ference support for Anthropological Research and authored by Bell, Chadwick, Kelley, Lister, and the CISA, a non-profit branch of Soil Systems, Inc., 2 H-Net Reviews a cultural resource management frm. The discus‐ Chupicuaro, and Mixtlan phases. His conclusion is sants for the papers were Jeffrey Dean and E. that there was a population movement from the Charles Adams. Collectively the published volume west of Mexico along the Rio Lerma during the has a Forward, Preface and 15 numbered chap‐ Early Chupicuaro phase. The new settlements be‐ ters. A total of 135 fgures, 52 endnotes (from only ing established, he contends, are peripheral to four chapters), three tables, and a seven-page con‐ those located in the Jalisco highland lake area flated double-column index of proper nouns and during Early Chupicuaro. However, in the subse‐ topical terms emend the essays. A particular quent Chupicuaro phase evidence of inter-region‐ strength of the book is its compilation of 971 ref‐ al exchange with sites in the Basin of Mexico is ev‐ erences (pp. 263-296), essential for any future idenced and he postulates that Cuicuilco, a major scholarship. I shall summarize briefly the individ‐ settlement in the southern Basin of Mexico, pro‐ ual chapters and provide some comments prior to moted this activity. The evaluation is based on the an overall assessment of the book. study of ceramics and fgurines. However, the As noted, in "Chapter One: West and North‐ eruption of the volcano Xitle terminated Cuilcuil‐ west Mexico: The Ins and Outs of Mesoamerica" co's hegemony in the Basin and interrupted the (pp. 3-19, 5 fgures) editors Gorenstein and Foster economic connections with Guanajuato. Clearly consider the perceptions of Mesoamerica as a cul‐ the interpretation of the Chupicuaro site is a key ture area with emphasis on the northern and to understanding the Basin of Mexico-Guanjuato western frontiers, but they also assess the chrono‐ connection. Florance presents new arguments logical systems used by various authors and pro‐ about local developments and interrelationships vide succinct summaries of the subsequent chap‐ that do not rely on the Cuicuilco model, hence, ters. This essay is compelling and essential to the southeastern Guanajuato may be seen as a pe‐ reader's comprehension of the chapters that fol‐ riphery or as a heartland as spatial and temporal low since it places the issue of frontiers in con‐ scales change. tent, and shows how the individual contributions With "Chapter Three: A Summary of the Ar‐ relate to the greater whole. Maps of the archaeo‐ chaeology of North-Central Mesoamerica: Guana‐ logical sites, natural ecological regions, climate, juato, Queretaro, and San Luis Potosi" (pp. 35-42, 7 and mean annual precipitation derive from chap‐ figures) by Beatriz Braniff C. (Institute Nacional de ters in the initial volume of the Handbook of Mid‐ Antropologia e Historia, Centro Colima), the read‐ dle American Indians (1964) are adequate, al‐ er is exposed to an evaluation of the area north of though this reader believes that more up-to-date the Rio Lerma, particularly to localities--Bajio
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