Untersuchung Der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fragmente Des Stoischen Philosophen Poseidonios Und Ihrer Bedeutung Für Seine Naturphilosophie

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Untersuchung Der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fragmente Des Stoischen Philosophen Poseidonios Und Ihrer Bedeutung Für Seine Naturphilosophie Untersuchung der naturwissenschaftlichen Fragmente des stoischen Philosophen Poseidonios und ihrer Bedeutung für seine Naturphilosophie Von der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Hannover zur Erlangung des Grades einer Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) genehmigte Dissertation von Christa-Vera Grewe geboren am 21. Juni 1932 in Hannover 2 Referent: Prof. Dr. Friedrich Wilhelm Korff Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Georg Schwedt Tag der Promotion: 13. Dezember 2005 3 Abstract Der Philosoph Poseidonios aus Apameia in Syrien war ein wichtiger Vertreter der stoischen Philosophie und ein früher Naturforscher. Obgleich seine Schriften nur in Fragmenten überliefert sind, konnte eine Beschreibung seines Lebenslaufes, seiner weiten Reisen und seines Wirkens in einer eigenen Schule auf Rhodos gegeben werden. Von seinen naturwissenschaftlichen Fragmenten wurden diejenigen ausgewählt und untersucht, die Poseidonios’ Erforschung der Abläufe von Erdbeben und Vulkantätigkeit und des Vor- kommens von Erdöl und Asphalt beinhalten sowie seine Aufstellung der Metallvorkommen in Gallien und Spanien mit seiner ausführlichen Beschreibung der spanischen Bergwerke und der in ihnen herrschenden Arbeitsbedingungen. Die Untersuchungen führten zu dem Ergebnis, daß Poseidonios als Erklärung für die Ursachen dieser Naturerscheinungen Theorien aufstellte, die im weiteren Verlauf der Antike weder weiterentwickelt noch widerlegt wurden und nach dem Ende der Spätantike verloren gingen. The philosopher Poseidonios of Apameia in Syria was an important representative of Stoic philosophy and an early natural scientist. Although his writings survive only in fragments, it is possible to give an account of his life, his wide travels, and his activities as founder and teacher of his own philosophical school on Rhodos. From among his natural science fragments this work focuses on those presenting Poseidonios’ research on earthquakes and volcanic activity and the occurrence of crude oil and asphalt, as well as his account of metal deposits in Gaul and Spain with his detailed description of Spanish mining and the working conditions prevailing there. The investigation leads to the conclusion that Poseidonios developed theories to explain these phenomena that in the later course of antiquity were neither expanded nor contradicted. Instead, toward the end of late antiquity, these theories were lost. Schlagworte: Antike. Philosophie. Naturwissenschaft. Antiquity. Philosophy. Natural.Science. 4 Inhalt Einleitung.......................................................................................................................... 10 1 Die Persönlichkeit.......................................................................................................... 13 1.1 Sein Leben .......................................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Freunde und Schüler ......................................................................................................... 25 1.3 Ansehen und Einfluß ......................................................................................................... 33 1.4 Die Reisen des Poseidonios................................................................................................ 37 1.4.1 Vorbemerkungen ........................................................................................................................ 37 1.4.2 Reisen in Syrien und Palästina ................................................................................................... 39 1.4.2.1 Datierung ............................................................................................................................ 39 1.4.2.2 Die Reiserouten .................................................................................................................. 41 1.4.3 Reisen nach und in Italien .......................................................................................................... 44 1.4.3.1 Datierung ............................................................................................................................ 44 1.4.3.2 Die Reiserouten .................................................................................................................. 46 1.4.4 Die große Reise in den Westen .................................................................................................. 47 1.4.4.1 Datierung ............................................................................................................................ 47 1.4.4.2 Die Reiserouten .................................................................................................................. 49 1.4.5 Reisen nach Ägypten.................................................................................................................. 55 1.5 Die Schriften des Poseidonios ........................................................................................... 56 1.5.1 Allgemeines................................................................................................................................56 1.5.2 Die Schrift „Über den Ozean“.................................................................................................... 57 1.5.3 Die Historien .............................................................................................................................. 58 1.5.4 Die physikalischen Schriften...................................................................................................... 60 1.5.4.1 Die Naturtheorie ................................................................................................................. 60 1.5.4.2 Über das Leere.................................................................................................................... 61 1.5.4.3 Vergleich von Arat und Homer in mathematischen (astronomischen) Fragen................... 61 1.5.4.4 Über die Welt...................................................................................................................... 61 1.5.4.5 und 1.5.4.6 Meteorologie und Meteorologische Elementarlehre........................................ 62 1.5.4.7 Über die Götter ................................................................................................................... 62 1.5.4.8 Über Feste........................................................................................................................... 63 1.5.4.9 Über die Weissagung.......................................................................................................... 63 1.5.4.10 Über das Schicksal............................................................................................................ 63 1.5.4.11 Über Heroen und Dämonen .............................................................................................. 63 1.5.4.12 Über die Seele................................................................................................................... 64 1.5.4.13 Über Seelen- und Menschenteilung.................................................................................. 64 1.5.4.14 Eschatologie...................................................................................................................... 64 1.5.5 Die Schriften über die Ethik....................................................................................................... 64 1.5.5.1 Über Gold und Silber.......................................................................................................... 64 1.5.5.2 Ethische Theorie ................................................................................................................. 65 5 1.5.5.3 Über die Affekte ................................................................................................................. 65 1.5.5.4 Über (den Unterschied der) Tugenden................................................................................ 65 1.5.5.5 Über Güter und Übel .......................................................................................................... 65 1.5.5.6 Über die Lebensziele .......................................................................................................... 66 1.5.5.7 Über die Pflichten............................................................................................................... 66 1.5.5.8 (Über das Halten von) Mahnreden zur Philosophie............................................................ 66 1.5.5.9 Über körperliche und seelische Affektionen ...................................................................... 66 1.5.5.10 Über den Zorn................................................................................................................... 66 1.5.5.11 Anhang.............................................................................................................................. 67 1.5.6 Die Schriften über die Logik ...................................................................................................... 67 1.5.6.1 Über die Dialektik............................................................................................................... 67 1.5.6.2 Über die Rhetorik (Redekunst)........................................................................................... 68 1.5.6.3 Gegen den Rhetor Hermagoras über die allgemeine Thesis ............................................... 68 1.5.6.4 Über die Sprachform, eine Einführungsschrift ..................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Discovering Sicily's Aeolian Islands
    Untold Italy Episode 69 - Discovering Sicily’s Aeolian Islands Katy This is the Untold Italy Travel podcast, and you're listening to episode number 64. Josie Ciao and Benvenuti to Untold Italy, I'm Josie. Katy And I'm Katy, and we're here to help you plan your trip to Italy. Josie Between us, we have many years of travel experience and we want to help you uncover your own as yet untold stories and adventures in Italy. Katy Each episode, you'll hear practical advice, tips and ideas to help you plan your own trips to the magical land of history, stunning landscapes and a whole lot of pasta. Josie We'll have interviews from experts and focus on local destinations and frequently asked questions about travel in Italy. Katy Thanks for listening and make sure to subscribe to our show. Josie Now let's get started on your regular dose of Bella Italia. Katy Benvenuti. Ciao everyone, it's Katy and welcome once again to the podcast that takes you on a weekly escape to Bella Italia and keeps you dreaming of trips to come while we patiently wait for travel to resume. We received a lovely message on Instagram recently that I wanted to share with you all - from a listener in Denver, Colorado. "Hi, ladies. I just found your podcast and it's wonderful. I just listened to Episode 67 with Pierpaulo and laughed so much and learned so much. Thank you for all the useful info and research and sharing your experiences. It's so good to have that available for beginner mom travelers just like me.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Geodynamics Structural Features Of
    Journal of Geodynamics 47 (2009) 288–292 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Geodynamics journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jog Technical note Structural features of Panarea volcano in the frame of the Aeolian Arc (Italy): Implications for the 2002–2003 unrest Valerio Acocella a,∗, Marco Neri b, Thomas R. Walter c a Dip. Sc. Geologiche Roma Tre. L.S.L. Murialdo 1, 00146 Rome, Italy b Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma 2, 95123 Catania, Italy c Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) Potsdam, Dept. Physics of the Earth, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany article info abstract Article history: Panarea, characterized by gas unrest in 2002–2003, is the volcanic island with the least constrained Received 8 October 2008 structure in the eastern-central Aeolian Arc (Italy). Based on structural measurements, we define here its Received in revised form 13 January 2009 deformation pattern relative to the Arc. The main deformations are subvertical extension fractures (63% Accepted 13 January 2009 of data), normal faults (25%) and dikes (12%). The mean orientation of the extension fractures and faults is ∼N38◦E, with a mean opening direction of N135◦ ± 8◦, implying extension with a moderate component Keywords: of dextral shear. These data, matched with those available for Stromboli volcano (pure opening) and Arc volcanoes Vulcano, Lipari and Salina volcanoes (predominant dextral motions) along the eastern-central Arc, suggest Extension Unrest a progressive westward rotation of the extension direction and an increase in the dextral shear. The dextral shear turns into compression in the western arc. The recent unrest at Panarea, coeval to that of nearby Stromboli, may also be explained by the structural context, as both volcanoes lie along the portion of the Arc subject to extension.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Features of Panarea Volcano in the Frame of the Aeolian Arc (Italy): Implications for the 2002–2003 Unrest V
    Structural features of Panarea volcano in the frame of the Aeolian Arc (Italy): implications for the 2002–2003 unrest V. Acocella, M. Neri, T. Walter To cite this version: V. Acocella, M. Neri, T. Walter. Structural features of Panarea volcano in the frame of the Aeolian Arc (Italy): implications for the 2002–2003 unrest. Journal of Geodynamics, Elsevier, 2009, 47 (5), pp.288. 10.1016/j.jog.2009.01.004. hal-00518307 HAL Id: hal-00518307 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00518307 Submitted on 17 Sep 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Accepted Manuscript Title: Structural features of Panarea volcano in the frame of the Aeolian Arc (Italy): implications for the 2002–2003 unrest Authors: V. Acocella, M. Neri, T. Walter PII: S0264-3707(09)00017-9 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.jog.2009.01.004 Reference: GEOD 876 To appear in: Journal of Geodynamics Received date: 8-10-2008 Revised date: 13-1-2009 Accepted date: 13-1-2009 Please cite this article as: Acocella, V., Neri, M., Walter, T., Structural features of Panarea volcano in the frame of the Aeolian Arc (Italy): implications for the 2002–2003 unrest, Journal of Geodynamics (2008), doi:10.1016/j.jog.2009.01.004 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Reggio Calabria PLOG Catania/Fontanarossa - Reggio Calabria PLOG
    Catania/Fontanarossa - Reggio Calabria PLOG Catania/Fontanarossa - Reggio Calabria PLOG PILOT: Dario Castelluccio Startup Brakes Off CTF (Catania RCA (Reggio -·-· - ··-· 116.250 ·-· -·-· ·- 111.000 FUEL REQUIRED 54.7 ltr PLANNED FUEL 90.0 ltr Takeoff Landing Fontanarossa) Calabria) ENDURANCE: 5 hr 50 m Brakes On Shutdown CTN (Catania REG (Reggio -·-· - -· 109.900 ·-· · --· 109.300 Fontanarossa) Calabria) Elevaon 39 (1 hPa) SR 05:16 Z, MCT 04:50 Z MSA Level TAS TrkT Wind HdgM GS Dist Time CTF (Catania RCA (Reggio -·-· - ··-· 407.0 ·-· -·-· ·- 325.0 LICC Catania/Fontanarossa Fontanarossa) Calabria) 10100 5500 81 333 359/13 333 68 42 37 N380456 E0143941 N380456 E0143941 3100 5500 81 333 344/14 331 66 31 28 Alicudi Porto Alicudi Porto 3400 2000 83 081 334/13 070 100 10 6 Filicudi Porto Filicudi Porto 3900 2000 83 085 322/09 076 88 12 8 Malfa Malfa 4000 2000 83 141 322/10 138 93 8.8 6 Lipari Lipari 2800 2000 83 029 323/10 019 78 12 9 Panarea Panarea 3900 2000 83 037 325/11 026 79 13 10 Stromboli Stromboli 3900 2000 83 156 324/13 154 97 48 30 LICR Reggio Calabria Elevaon 95 (3 hPa) SS 17:00 Z, ECT 17:27 Z 176 2:13 LICC Catania/Fontanarossa Roma Information 129.575 Catania Approach 119.250 LICZ Sigonella Catania Director 120.805 Catania Approach 119.250 Catania Radar 119.250 Catania Director Approach 120.805 Catania Ground 129.725 Catania Radar 119.250 Catania Tower 118.700 LICR Reggio Calabria ATIS 127.675 Reggio Approach 120.275 Flight Information Service Reggio Tower 118.250 Generated by SkyDemon on 2021-03-11 09:02 Z.
    [Show full text]
  • Destination Sicily There’S a Rich History Behind Sicily’S Complex Character
    16 Destination Sicily There’s a rich history behind Sicily’s complex character. Nearly 25 centuries of foreign domination have had a massive impact on the island’s cultural output: the Greeks built elegant classical structures, while a unique mix of Byzantine artistry and Norman severity endowed Sicily with some of the most unusual and beautiful buildings in Europe; FAST FACTS in later centuries the Spanish topped off this exotic composition with a Population: 4.97 million flourish of baroque. Sicily also has a natural beauty that’s astounding: grapevines stretch from the slopes of brooding Mt Etna to the parched Area: 25,708 sq km landscapes of the west, and the aquamarine waters off the 1000km GDP per head: €15,227 coastline are splashed with volcanic islands. GDP growth: 1.4% The island has often been in the headlines recently, with the explosive violence between rival football fans of Catania and Palermo in February Inflation: 2.6% 2007, and the spate of wildfires that scorched the island throughout the Unemployment summer months of the same year. Etna erupted again in September 2007, rate: 20% and Stromboli barked but had no bite (though we could easily eat our Estimated Mafia profits words on this one). Further afield, the immigration crisis continued on in 2004: €123 billion the southern island of Lampedusa. It’s also been a busy few years on the anti-Mafia front. The arrest Annual pasta of the big Mafia boss Bernardo Provenzano in April 2006 made ordi- consumption per nary Sicilians and politicians across Italy believe what many previously person: 42kg thought was impossible – that the end of the Mafia might be in sight.
    [Show full text]
  • Sicily Before the Greeks. the Interaction with Aegean and the Levant in the Pre-Colonial Era
    Open Archaeology 2020; 6: 172–205 Review Article Davide Tanasi* Sicily Before the Greeks. The Interaction with Aegean and the Levant in the Pre-colonial Era https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0107 received April 17, 2020; accepted July 1, 2020. Abstract: The relationship between Sicily and the eastern Mediterranean – namely Aegean, Cyprus and the Levant – represents one of the most intriguing facets of the prehistory of the island. The frequent and periodical contact with foreign cultures were a trigger for a gradual process of socio-political evolution of the indigenous community. Such relationship, already in inception during the Neolithic and the Copper Age, grew into a cultural phenomenon ruled by complex dynamics and multiple variables that ranged from the Mid-3rd to the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. In over 1,500 years, a very large quantity of Aegean and Levantine type materials have been identified in Sicily alongside with example of unusual local material culture traditionally interpreted as resulting from external influence. To summarize all the evidence during such long period and critically address it in order to attempt historical reconstructions is a Herculean labor. Twenty years after Sebastiano Tusa embraced this challenge for the first time, this paper takes stock on two decades of new discoveries and research reassessing a vast amount of literature, mostly published in Italian and in regional journals, while also address the outcomes of new archaeometric studies. The in-depth survey offers a new perspective of general trends in this East-West relationship which conditioned the subsequent events of the Greek and Phoenician colonization of Sicily.
    [Show full text]
  • Excerpts from the Vacation Diary of a Young Researcher
    Excerpts from the vacation diary of a young researcher The outreach activity “Sailing towards a better future” was designed by Matteo Calabresi (ESR 8/ AVL, AT) with the assistance of Amalia Petrova (CITY, UK) and was conducted by the ESR in August 2020 with the support of the “Pura Vida” crew DAY 1: Milazzo-Lipari-Filicudi The cruise started from Lipari, an island of the Aeolian archipelago, Northern to Sicily, where I officially boarded onto “Pura Vida”. To reach the island I took a hydrofoil, which is a quite common transport mean in this region. Despite its unquestionable benefits in terms of speed and hydrodynamic drag, I was quite surprised to notice a huge and very dark smoke cloud coming from his exhausts, indicating a relevant amount of soot emissions. After having boarded, we were finally ready to head to Filicudi island for a first welcome bath. Although the wind was blowing exactly from our final target, we did not mind to do few “borders” in order to get there only by sails. Indeed, it is possible to sail towards the wind (with an angle generally between 30 and 45 degrees, depending on the boat, the sails and the wind), in the so called “close-hauled” configuration. So, we made quite a compromise in terms of distance to the target, all compensated by the zero emission produced during the cruise. And, in my case, also by the enjoyment of sailing! The Aeolian archipelago consists of seven islands, all of volcanic origin. There are still two active volcanos, one on “Stromboli” and one on “Vulcano” island.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Mediterranean Tour of Emotions
    2017 MEDITERRANEAN TOUR OF EMOTIONS The magic of Italy’s South Discover little-known places, share the authenticity of small fishing villages and their inhabitants, breathe in nature’s wild breezes, enjoy things you have never experienced before, savour Southern Italy’s recipes and ingredients, cherish the decidedly Mediterranean flavoured wines. These are the elements we wish our guests will treasure as they sail on Blue Deer along the Mediterranean coast of Italy. Our desire, and consequently the cruises we have chosen, revolve around enabling our guests to discover Italy from a different angle, seen from the sea. An Italy that is not overly touristy, on the contrary, places where time seems to stand still. Places where you still hear fisherman shouting in incomprehensible dialect, in the town square or down at the port, that their fresh fish has arrived. Places where you can still pick wild Indian fig directly off the cliffs, or where you can see to what length the Romans went to civilize their islands. Places where you can discover how to grow and gather capers, or how to grow a grape that produces no more than 2,000 bottles per year. Come share in the beauty of the world We want our guests to discover precisely all this through the cruises www.sanlorenzolodges.com listed below. We are of course willing to change our cruises for you. The routes are merely suggestions, based on our own personal experience in this marvellous paradisiacal corner of southern Italy, and also on the enthusiastic feedback of our guests who experienced these magical places during the previous two seasons.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rates Are in EURO, Per Person and in Double
    SICILY WITH CATANIA - TAORMINA - AEOLIAN ISLANDS WITH MALVASIA WINE TASTING - CEFALU – PALERMO, SUN, SEA, FUN AND TYPICAL LOCAL FOOD – 2021 (p-19B) Sun, Sea, Fun and typical Sicilian food with Malvasia Wine Tasting Day 1 Arrival Catania Airport - Taormina - Catania Early morning arrival at Catania Airport, meet and great with our private driver/guide and transfer to Taormina city center. Private guided Tour with Greek Theatre from where you have an amazing view of the Ionian Sea with the Etna Volcano in the background, Odeon Theatre, Corvaja Palace in Gothic-Cathalan style, the most famous one in Taormina. Saint Catherine Church built on the ruins of the Greek temple. Via Naumachia where the remains of the Roman aqueduct are found. Church of San Giuseppe overlooking Piazza IX Aprile, Clock Tower. Time for lunch on your own in one of the typical Sicilian restaurants, some shopping and transfer to Catania. Arrival at the hotel in Catania, dinner on your own and overnight at the hotel Day 2 Catania - Catania private City Visit - Winery near Catania - Milazzo - Lipari Buffet Breakfast Private guided walking tour in Catania: passing through the fish, fruit and vegetable market you arrive in Piazza Duomo where the guided visit starts: Cathedral, Elephant Fountain, Palazzo Comunale, Badia di Sant'Agata, Via Crociferi and its churches, Piazza Università with Palazzo Sangiuliano and University Palace, Piazza Stesicoro with Vincenzo Bellini’s statue and the Roman Amphitheater. After the visit transfer along the coast to the Winery near Catania and visit of the Winery, Wine Tasting and light lunch with Sicilian specialties Transfer to the Harbor in Milazzo and crossing by Hydrofoil Boat to the Island of Lipari and walk to the hotel .
    [Show full text]
  • Aeolian Islands) (Italy) Addendum to 1999 Iucn Evaluation
    WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION – IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION ISOLE EOLIE (AEOLIAN ISLANDS) (ITALY) ADDENDUM TO 1999 IUCN EVALUATION 1. DOCUMENTATION The above nomination was reviewed by the Bureau at its twenty-third extraordinary session (29 November to 4 December, 1999) which reached the following conclusion: “The Bureau noted that the site has the potential to meet natural criterion (i). The Bureau decided to refer the nomination back to allow the State Party to provide additional information and to address the exclusion of human use areas and to propose more sharply defined boundaries for the Nature Reserves and buffer zones. The volcanic landforms of the site represent classic features in the continuing study of volcanology worldwide. With scientific studies on the site from at least the 18th century, the islands have provided two of the types of eruptions (Vulcanian and Strombolian) to vulcanology and geology textbooks and so have featured prominently in the education of all geoscientists for over 200 years. They continue to provide a rich field for volcanological studies of on-going geological processes in the development of landforms. The area also has a long history of land use, and subsequent abandonment, which has lead to an on-going processes of maquis recovery.” Following the Bureau’s extraordinary meeting the World Heritage Committee, at its twenty-third session noted the examination and, after debate, noted that Italy and 1999 IUCN would clarify the management issues and that the site would be presented to the twenty-fourth Bureau session. Additional information has been received from the Italian authorities in response to this request and is the subject of IUCN’s review below.
    [Show full text]
  • Bituminaria Basaltica (Fabaceae), a New Species from Italy
    Phytotaxa 98 (1): 1–15 (2013) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.98.1.1 Bituminaria basaltica (Fabaceae), a new species from Italy PIETRO MINISSALE1, 2, CRISTIAN BRULLO1, SALVATORE BRULLO1, GIANPIETRO GIUSSO DEL GALDO1 & SAVERIO SCIANDRELLO1 1Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Via A. Longo 19, I 95125 Catania, Italy 2Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Bituminaria basaltica is described and illustrated from Filicudi, an islet of the Aeolian Archipelago (Sicily, Italy). This new species, belonging to a small genus of Fabaceae occurring in the Mediterranean region and the Canary Islands, is morphologically distinct from the other taxa in the following features: leaf shape and size, inflorescence size, petal colour, size and shape of flowers, pods and seeds. Its relationships with the known species of Bituminaria are examined and a key to the genus is provided. Key words: Aeolian Archipelago, endemic flora, fodder grass, Mediterranean Basin, taxonomy Introduction Bituminaria Heist. ex Fabricius (1759: 165) is a small genus of Fabaceae occurring in the Mediterranean (including Black Sea territories) and Canary Islands, currently including four species (Stirton 1981a, 1981b, Boulos 1999, Greuter et al. 1989). Bituminaria was restored by Stirton (1981a), to which he ascribed only two species, previously included in Psoralea Linnaeus (1753: 762), P. bituminosa Linnaeus (1753: 763) [= Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirton (1981a: 318)] and P. acaulis Steven ex Bieberstein (1808: 206) [= Bituminaria acaulis (Steven ex M.Bieb.) Stirton (1981a: 318)].
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution and Genesis of Calc-Alkaline Magmas at Filicudi Volcano, Aeolian Arc (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy)
    Lithos 72 (2004) 73–96 www.elsevier.com/locate/lithos Evolution and genesis of calc-alkaline magmas at Filicudi Volcano, Aeolian Arc (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) A.P. Santoa,*, S.B. Jacobsenb, J. Bakerc a Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita` di Firenze, Via Giogio La Pira 4, Florence I-50121, Italy b Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA c Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK Received 9 July 2002; accepted 29 August 2003 Abstract Petrological, trace element and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic data are reported for volcanic rocks from the island of Filicudi, Aeolian Arc, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea. The volcano consists of several monogenic and polygenic centres built up through four major phases of explosive and effusive activity started before 1 Ma. Rock composition ranges from calc-alkaline basalts to high-K andesites. There is a negative correlation between silica and MgO, CaO, TiO2, FeOtotal, and a positive trend for K2O, Na2O and P2O5. LILE and HFSE increase with silica, whereas ferromagnesian trace elements have an opposite tendency. Incompatible elements, such as Zr, Ba, Rb, La, display well-defined positive correlations on elemental variation diagrams; weak correlations are shown by the other incompatible elements; Sr and compatible elements define negative, roughly curvilinear trends with incompatible elements. 87Sr/86Sr is poorly but significantly variable (0.704016–0.704740) and shows overall higher values in the mafic than in the sialic rocks. Nd isotope ratios range from 0.512670 to 0.512760 and are negatively correlated with 87Sr/86Sr. Pb isotope ratios cluster around 206Pb/204Pb = 19.31–19.67, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.64–15.69, 208Pb/204Pb = 39.11–39.47.
    [Show full text]