DOCSLIB.ORG

Corrosion Resistance of Steel Reinforcement in Fly Ash Concrete Under Chloride Penetration

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Corrosion Resistance of Steel Reinforcement in Fly Ash Concrete Under Chloride Penetration Corrosion Resistance of Steel Reinforcement in Fly Ash Concrete under Chloride Penetration Idrees ZAFAR Candidate for the Degree of Philosophy in Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Takafumi Sugiyama Division: Field Engineering for the Environment Introduction requires the durability aspect of the concrete to be verified. In this regard the current research was done to investigate Japan is generating more than 10 million tons of coal ash the performance of fly ash concrete against the corrosion as a by-product from coal fired thermal power plants due to chloride attack during the initiation as well as every year [1]. The quantity of coal ash produced is propagation period. estimated to increase due to the construction of new coal fired power plants to meet the power generation demands. Experimental Methodology Although, fly ash is already being used in many sectors like cement production, road construction, foundation Materials and Specimen Preparation improvements, back-filling and as a fertilizer for agriculture, forestry and fishery sector [2]. In addition to Two sets of fly ash concrete were prepared each for the that fly ash is also used in the construction sector as an initiation and propagation period. The water to cement artificial light-weight aggregate. However, to cope with ratio was kept constant as 0.5 for all the specimens. The the anticipated increase in the generation of coal ash in the detailed mix proportions for all the specimens are shown future, the effective utilization of fly ash needs to be in Table 2. The coarse aggregate used was crushed stone increased for each for the above mentioned sectors. with a maximum size of 13 mm. The absorption and Among several methodologies that are being developed specific gravity of coarse aggregate were 1.62% and 2.64 for effective use of fly ash, the use as an admixture for g/cm³ respectively. The target slump and target air content concrete is considered the most effective one from the was 12 ±1.5 cm and 5 ± 0.5 % respectively. The detailed view point of consuming a large amount of fly ash and of methodology of the specimen preparation and specimen reducing the environmental impact by lowering the configuration are already discussed elsewhere [4]. Three amount of CO2 emission. different series i.e. F30P, F30PL and F30ZL were prepared JIS A 6201 is the standard which details the use of fly ash for both the initiation period and propagation period. F30P for concrete in Japan. According to the latest modification and F30PL for initiation period while F30ZL for in JIS A 6201 (1999), fly ash is categorized into four types propagation period. For the comparison purpose, N2P, named as Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV [3]. Among F30D and F30DL for initiation while N2Z and F30Z for these Type II is recommended for the use in concrete as an propagation will be used from the already published admixture. researches by the author [4 & 5]. The increase in the use of fly ash in concrete is important Each fly ash concrete series consisted of five specimens. from the view point of the reduction in environmental The embedded lead-lead oxide electrode (Pb/PbO₂) was impact but for the practical implementation in the field it Table 1. Mix Proportions of Concrete Unit weight (kg/m3) Period Type FA/(C+FA)* s/a** Compressive Strength W C FA S G 28 days 91 days (%) (%) Initiation F30P 30 45 145 203 87 852 1037 29.5 39.7 Propagation F30Z 30 43 170 238 102 759 995 27.3 35.6 *: Fly ash replacement ratio, ** :Sand to aggregate ratio placed in the F30P and F30PL specimens for the detection chloride ion concentration in each sliced layer of the of corrosion initiation of rebars in the concrete specimens. concrete [7]. A nonlinear regression analysis was done to Plains rebars were used for specimens of initiation period fit the experimental chloride profile with the solution of while deformed rebars were used for propagation period. the Fick’s 2nd law. The surface chloride ion concentration The increased water content and deformed rebars were (Co) and diffusion coefficient (Do) were obtained from used for the specimens of propagation period to achieve the fitting curve. The obtained values of Co and Do were the specified degree of corrosion within a certain time then used to evaluate the chloride values at the estimated period. The curing period for F30P was 28 days while corrosion level. F30PL and F30ZL were cured for 91 days. The cover depth for all the series was kept same as 20mm and 25 Surface Corroded Area mm for UP and DO rebar except F30P series, which had an increased cover depth by 10mm. After the completion After certain period of chloride application, when the of specified curing period, a transparent canister, specimens of propagation period had reached the specified dimensioning 50 × 100 mm in cross section, was set on degree of corrosion, the specimen were cut to visually the middle of specimen’s top surface and 10% NaCl observe the nature of corrosion products and quantify the solution was poured in that canister to start the chloride corroded surface area of rebars. Corroded surface area exposure to specimens. was measured followed by the cutting and splitting of ASTM C 876 was used for as a criteria for the detection of corrosion test specimens. An image was produced by corrosion initiation while for propagation period the sketching the outline of the corroded area and later this specified values of polarization resistance corresponding image was scanned. Computer image analysis software to certain levels of corrosion current density (RILEM TC (Image J) was used to quantify the corrosion area. 154 2004) were used to indicate a specific corrosion degree [6]. The application of the salt solution was stopped when the specimens had reached the polarization TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION resistance within 52 kohm-cm to 26 kohm-cm. 52 kohm-cm (correspond to 0.5 µA/cm²) and 26 kohm-cm (correspond to 1.0 µA/cm²) represent the moderate and Electrochemical Data high degree of corrosion respectively. The half-cell potential was used to detect the onset of corrosion of rebars in fly ash concrete specimens. The Electrochemical Measurements measured values of half-cell potential with reference to embedded electrode (mV vs Pb/PbO ) and corrosion For the specimens of initiation period the half-cell 2 meter (Ag/AgCl) was standardized to values with potential was continuously monitored by using automatic reference to Copper-Copper Sulphate (mV vs CSE) data logger system [4]. The data logger measured half-cell electrode. The figure 1 and figure 2 show the trend of potential at regular interval of 8 hours with reference to half-cell potential (mV vs CSE) values measured for Pb/PbO₂ electrode embedded in concrete specimens. An F30PL and F30P series, with reference to the embedded AC impedance spectroscope (hereafter called Corrosion electrode and corrosion meter respectively. It was meter) was also used to measure the half-cell potential and observed that after a certain time period of salt impedance data at an interval of about one month. While application, the values of half-cell potential measured by for the specimens of propagation period, the corrosion the embedded electrode drop gradually towards more monitoring was done by using corrosion meter. Corrosion negative value and remain constant within a range of -815 meter was used to measure polarization resistance and ± 15 (mV vs CSE). On the contrary the values of half-cell concrete resistance along with half-cell potential values potential measured by corrosion meter, as shown in figure after every two- week interval. Measurements were made 2, lie well within in the passive zone, indicating no at a location where the saline solution was applied on the corrosion activity at that particular time period of drop top surface of the specimen. shown by embedded electrode. These gradual drops shown by the embedded electrodes are not the actual Chloride Analysis indication of the corrosion initiation. So, for the current research, the specimens which showed this gradual drop Chloride analysis was conducted after the detection of trend, the initiation of corrosion was estimated by the half- corrosion initiation for specimens of initiation period cell potential values measured by corrosion meter. The while for the specimens of propagation period it was temporal gradual increase of half-cell potential drops carried out after a specified criteria for corrosion level was towards more negativity is mainly because of reduced achieved. The entire chloride application zone (50 mm × oxygen supply due to high degree of saturation around the 100 mm) of concrete specimens was used for chloride embedded electrode region. This behavior of exhibiting analysis. The application zone was sliced in more negative values of half-cell potential is common in approximately 7 mm thick layers. Japanese Industrial the submerged concrete structures because of the limited Standard (JIS A1154) was used to determine the total oxygen supply under the water [4]. (a) (a) (b) (b) Figure 1 Trend of half-cell potential for (a) F30PL and (b) Figure 2 Trend of half-cell potential for (a) F30PL and (b) F30P series measured by the embedded electrode F30P series measured by corrosion meter Figure 3 Trend of polarization resistance for F30PL series Figure 4 Trend of specific concrete resistance for F30PL series It can be seen from figure 1 and 2 that only 1 specimen in the polarization resistance. Although there is a slight from F30PL series had shown corrosion initiation while decrease in the polarization resistance values over the time rest 4 specimens have not shown corrosion initiation even but the values even after 5-6 years of chloride exposure after the chloride exposure for 6.5 years.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Assessment of Wood-Based Fly Ash As Alternative Cement Replacement
    sustainability Article Assessment of Wood-Based Fly Ash as Alternative Cement Replacement Jan Foˇrt 1,2,* , Jiˇrí Šál 2, Jaroslav Žák 2 and Robert Cernˇ ý 1 1 Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákutova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic; [email protected] 2 Institute of Technology and Business in Ceskˇ é Budˇejovice,Okružní 10, 370 01 Ceskˇ é Budˇejovice, Czech Republic; [email protected] (J.Š.); [email protected] (J.Ž.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 October 2020; Accepted: 15 November 2020; Published: 17 November 2020 Abstract: The abandonment of coal energy plants in the near future will result in a substantially reduced availability of the coal fly ash broadly used as an efficient supplementary material. In line with the growth of alternative and renewable energy resources, the amount of biomass-based ash rises substantially. Nevertheless, a diverse chemical composition prevents a broader utilization of biomass-based fly ash compared to coal ash on an industrial scale. On this account, the present work is aimed at investigating the basic physical and mechanical properties of concrete mortars modified by a high volume of biomass fly ash (BFA) from wood combustion. Delivered results confirm a significant potential of BFA in the building industry. Experimental analysis of concrete mortars with BFA reveals preservation or even improvement of compressive and bending strength up to 30 wt.% cement replacement. On the contrary, higher dosages induce a gradual decrease in mechanical performance. The performed Life Cycle Assessment analysis reveals the perspective of BFA incorporation taking into account environmental issues considering the ratio between preservation of mechanical performance per normalized endpoint environmental score that allows a direct comparison with other alternatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Alkali-Silica Reactivity: an Overview of Research
    SHRP-C-342 Alkali-Silica Reactivity: An Overview of Research Richard Helmuth Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. With contributions by: David Stark Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. Sidney Diamond Purdue University Micheline Moranville-Regourd Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan Strategic Highway Research Program National Research Council Washington, DC 1993 Publication No. SHRP-C-342 ISBN 0-30cL05602-0 Contract C-202 Product No. 2010 Program Manager: Don M. Harriott Project Maxtager: Inam Jawed Program AIea Secretary: Carina Hreib Copyeditor: Katharyn L. Bine Brosseau May 1993 key words: additives aggregate alkali-silica reaction cracking expansion portland cement concrete standards Strategic Highway Research Program 2101 Consti!ution Avenue N.W. Washington, DC 20418 (202) 334-3774 The publicat:Lon of this report does not necessarily indicate approval or endorsement by the National Academy of Sciences, the United States Government, or the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials or its member states of the findings, opinions, conclusions, or recommendations either inferred or specifically expressed herein. ©1993 National Academy of Sciences 1.5M/NAP/593 Acknowledgments The research described herein was supported by the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP). SHRP is a unit of the National Research Council that was authorized by section 128 of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987. This document has been written as a product of Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) Contract SHRP-87-C-202, "Eliminating or Minimizing Alkali-Silica Reactivity." The prime contractor for this project is Construction Technology Laboratories, with Purdue University, and Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, as subcontractors. Fundamental studies were initiated in Task A.
    [Show full text]
  • We Now Know That the Maximum Level That Avoids
    Using ash in concrete is nothing new. h e Romans rials derived from coal combustion products, includ- used volcanic ash in their spectacular construction ing fly ash, nationwide. projects long before the introduction of Portland cement, “Fly ash is composed of the non-combustible mineral having discovered its value as a hardening agent when portion of coal. When coal is consumed in a power plant, mixed with lime. h e ancient Romans used volcanic ash it’s i rst ground to the i neness of powder. Blown into as an admix to erect buildings such as the Pantheon and the power plant’s boiler, the carbon is consumed – leav- Coliseum, roads, and aqueducts. Remember, these struc- ing molten particles rich in silica, alumina, and calcium. tures are more than 2,000 years old. h ese particles solidify as microscopic, glassy spheres Fly ash concrete was first used in the U.S. in the that are collected from the power plant’s exhaust before 1920s for dam construction, when engineers found that it reduced the total cement requirement. Today, as more projects seek LEED certification, ash is resurfac- WE NOW KNOW THAT THE ing as a popular environmentally-friendly alternative MAXIMUM LEVEL THAT AVOIDS to Portland cement. No longer are we using volcanic COMPLICATIONS IN ADHERING FLOOR ash, of course, but coal fly ash is gaining ground as the COVERING IS 15% FLY ASH. green alternative of choice for LEED projects. Many of the projects and the millions of square yards of LEED flooring we’ve installed in recent years used ash in the they can “l y” away – hence the product’s name: l y ash,” cement mixture.
    [Show full text]
  • Report No. REC-ERC-82-1. Fly Ash and Fly Ash Concrete
    May 1984 Engineering and Research Center U. S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Bureau ot Reclamation TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE Fly Ash and Fly Ash Concrete May 1984 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE 7. AUTHOR(S)-. 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Edwin R. Dunstan, Jr. REPORT NO. I REC-ERC-82-1 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. WORK UNIT NO. Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center 11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. Denver, Colorado 80225 10781 V0195 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS Same 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE DlBR 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Microfiche and/or hard copy available at the Engineering and Research Center. Denver. Colorado. Editor: RNW 16. ABSTRACT Fly ash is a residue that results from the combustion of ground or powdered coal. Historically, fly ash has been referred to as a ponolan and is used to reduce the amount of portland cement in concrete. However, in many Western States fly ashes have cementitious properties as well as pozzolanic properties, and they are capable of producing good strengths without portland cement. This study discusses test results of several ashes according to ASTM: C 6 18. Standard Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete. Many changes are suggested. The replacement of 15 to 25 percent by mass of portland cement in concrete is examined. A few highly cementitious ashes were used to make concrete without portland cement. A new cement was developed that consists of over 90-percent fly ash and anhydrous CaS04.Test data for most concretes include: mix proportions, compressive strength, elasticity, drying shrinkage.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Make Concrete More Sustainable Harald Justnes1
    Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology Vol. 13, 147-154, March 2015 / Copyright © 2015 Japan Concrete Institute 147 Scientific paper How to Make Concrete More Sustainable Harald Justnes1 A selected paper of ICCS13, Tokyo 2013. Received 12 November 2013, accepted 16 February 2015 doi:10.3151/jact.13.147 Abstract Production of cement is ranking 3rd in causes of man-made carbon dioxide emissions world-wide. Thus, in order to make concrete more sustainable one may work along one or more of the following routes; 1) Replacing cement in con- crete with larger amounts of supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) than usual, 2) Replacing cement in concrete with combinations of SCMs leading to synergic reactions enhancing strength, 3) Producing leaner concrete with less cement per cubic meter utilizing plasticizers and 4) Making concrete with local aggregate susceptible to alkali silica reaction (ASR) by using cement replacements, thus avoiding long transport of non-reactive aggregate. 1 Introduction SCMs, also uncommon ones like calcined marl 2. Replacing cement in concrete with combinations of The cement industry world-wide is calculated to bring SCMs leading to synergic reactions enhancing about 5-8% of the total global anthropogenic carbon strength dioxide (CO2) emissions. The general estimate is about 3. Producing leaner concrete with less cement per cubic 1 tonne of CO2 emission per tonne clinker produced, if meter utilizing plasticizers. fossil fuel is used and no measures are taken to reduce it. 4. Making concrete with local aggregate susceptible to The 3rd rank is not because cement is such a bad mate- alkali silica reaction (ASR) by using cement re- rial with respect to CO2 emissions, but owing to the fact placements, thus avoiding long transport of non- that it is so widely used to construct the infrastructure reactive aggregate and buildings of modern society as we know it.
    [Show full text]
  • Alkali Silica Reaction Mitigation Using High Volume Class C Fly Ash William Joseph Phillips University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 7-2015 Alkali Silica Reaction Mitigation Using High Volume Class C Fly Ash William Joseph Phillips University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Civil Engineering Commons, and the Transportation Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Phillips, William Joseph, "Alkali Silica Reaction Mitigation Using High Volume Class C Fly Ash" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 1306. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1306 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Alkali Silica Reaction Mitigation Using High Volume Class C Fly Ash A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment Of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Civil Engineering By William J. Phillips Missouri University of Science & Technology Bachelors of Science in Civil Engineering, 2013 July 2015 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council _____________________________ Dr. W. Micah Hale Thesis Director _____________________________ _____________________________ Dr. Ernest Heymsfield Dr. Clinton M. Wood Committee Member Committee Member ABSTRACT Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) is a neutralization reaction that occurs between an acid (silicic acid) and a basic pH pore solution (Calcium Oxide, Potassium Oxide, and Sodium Oxide). ASR causes deleterious expansion within concrete, which can cause durability issues decreasing the life span of concrete. ASR in concrete has been found in increasing quantities since its discovery in 1940 by Stanton.
    [Show full text]
  • Class C Fly Ash As a Full Or Partial Replacement for Portland Cement Or Lime
    68 TRANSPORTATION R ESEARCH RECORD 1219 Class C Fly Ash as a Full or Partial Replacement for Portland Cement or Lime KENNETH L. McMANrs AND ARA ARMAN A study was undertaken to evaluate the stabilization or mod­ Designation C 207, Type N) and a Type I portland cement ification of sands and clays using ASTM Class C fly ash as a (AASHTO Designation M85) were used in the study. full or partial replacement for hydraulic cement or hydrated A base or subbase material is usually evaluated with respect lime. Strength and durability tests demonstrated that the Class to its strength and durability. Louisiana Department of Trans­ C fly ashes of the study could be substituted for cement in portation and Development (DOTD) criteria (TR 432-82) some sands. Improvement of the sands was provided by the were used to evaluate the performance of the sand specimens matrix formed with fly ash acting as a filler and as a cementing (i.e., sand plus fly ash alone, sand plus fly ash and lime, sand agent. The test results indicate the importance of the gradation plus fly ash and cement, and sand plus cement alone). This characteristics of the materials and the effects on matrix quality due to the presence of fines in the natural sands. Also, improve­ specification required the minimum cement content to cor­ ments in the plastic properties and gains in soil support with respond to a strength of 250 psi with a 7-day curing period at the addition of fly ash and/or lime were evaluated for two clays.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Concrete : “Ecofriendly Mix Concrete by Fly Ash”
    © 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) GREEN CONCRETE : “ECOFRIENDLY MIX CONCRETE BY FLY ASH” Prof.L.C. Gupta, Prof. S.S.Thawari, Prof.P.D.Satyan & Prof.P.Bhandari Civil Engineering Department, PIGCE Nagpur, Maharashtra, (India). Civil Engineering Department, PCE Nagpur, Maharashtra, (India). ABSTRACT: The concrete is made with concrete wastes which are eco- infrastructure for the community. Perhaps there is a friendly so called as Green concrete. Green concrete is a necessity of making a concerted movement for developing revolutionary topic in the history of concrete industry. innovative and alternative novel material for construction. Concrete is an environmental friendly material and the Green Concrete is capable for sustainable development is overall impact on the environment per ton of concrete is characterized by application of industrial waste such as limited. The paper covers the aspect on how to choose a marble powder, quarry dust, wood ash, paper pulp, etc, to material for green concrete. It presents the feasibility of reduce consumption of natural resource and energy and the usage of by product materials like fly ash. The use of pollution of the environment. Use of such waste material fly ash in concrete contributes the reduction of greenhouse saves 14%-20% amount of cement. The concrete emissions with negative impacts on the economy. It has resistance to sulphate attack and alkali aggregate reaction been observed that 0.9 tons of CO2 is produced per ton of is greatly enhanced. Application of green concrete is an cement production. Also, the composition of cement is effective way to reduce environment pollution and 10% by weight in a cubic yard of concrete.
    [Show full text]
  • Selecting Measures to Prevent Deleterious Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete
    Selecting Measures to Prevent Deleterious Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete Rationale for the AASHTO PP65 Prescriptive Approach October 2012 Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers' names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document. Quality Assurance Statement The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement. 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-HIF-13-002 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date October 2012 Selecting Measures to Prevent Deleterious Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete: Rationale for the AASHTO PP65 Prescriptive Approach 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Thomas, M.D.A., Fournier, B., Folliard, K.J. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. The Transtec Group, Inc. 6111 Balcones Drive Austin, TX 78731 11. Contract or Grant No. DTFH61-06-D-00035 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Office of Pavement Technology Federal Highway Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue, DE Washington, DC 20590 14.
    [Show full text]
  • Fly Ashfor STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
    Bulletin 10 Technical Fly Ash FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE Compressive Strength Specifications for normal strength concrete A major use for fly ash in the construction generally require a given level of strength in 28 industry is in the production of high quality days. Fly ash concrete is easily proportioned to structural concrete. Fly ash contributes meet strength requirements at this age or any beneficial properties to the concrete other age desired. while helping to maintain economy. These properties include compressive strength, Fly ash concrete designed to be equivalent in lubrication and increased durability. strength to ordinary concrete at 28 days will normally exhibit slightly lower strength at early ages. This slight early age strength reduction does not adversely affect job sequencing due to construction loading. (See strength gain curves in Fig. 1). Fly ash concrete can be easily proportioned to meet strength specifications at early ages (3 to 7 days). Economics, although still attractive, will not be as great as when proportioning for 28 days of age or later. Fly ash has been utilized in many early strength projects because of many beneficial features other than economy. Later age strength gain after 28 days can prove to be valuable. It may be used to obtain required strengths at lower cost. It may be relied upon in deciding structural acceptability where compressive strength tests indicate lower than specified strengths. It also plays a key role in producing high strength concrete. For more information or answers to questions about the use of fly ash in specific applications, contact your nearest Boral Resources Technical Sales Representative or call 1-770-684-0102 Revision Date: 1.15.18 1 Bulletin 10 Technical Fly Ash FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE High compressive strengths from 6,000 psi Increased Durability to 14,000 psi are often required in structural The pozzolanic activity which contributes concrete.
    [Show full text]
  • Extreme Durability in Ancient Roman Concretes
    AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bullemerginge ceramicstin & glass technology JUNE/JULY 2018 Extreme durability in ancient Roman concretes Annual student section | Growth in cementitious materials market | Ceramics Expo 2018 recap When it Comes to Heat, We Sweat the Details! Your firing needs are unique. Our laboratory can run So why use an “off the tests to help identify your shelf” kiln in your process? process boundaries. Through our toll firing At Harrop, we get it. facility, we can help That’s why, for nearly to further define the a century, we’ve been equipment/processing putting in the hard work combination that works to design and service best for your material. custom kilns. Is it harder And if you are not to do things this way? ready for a new kiln, we Yes. Is the extra effort can toll fire your material worth it? You bet! to help meet your production needs. At Harrop, we don’t stop there. If you Does your current aren’t sure what you kiln company need, we can help. sweat the details? www.harropusa.com 1.614.231.3621 Harrop Ad Sweat the Details Full Size final.indd 1 4/10/18 3:59 PM contents June/July 2018 • Vol. 97 No.5 feature articles departments News & Trends . 3 Extreme durability in ancient 22 Roman concretes Spotlight .....................9 By revealing the secrets hidden within ancient Roman Ceramics in Manufacturing .....15 structures, cementitious materials science is opening new Research Briefs ..............17 opportunities to develop concrete formulations with improved durability and service life to aid ailing infra- Ceramics in Biomedicine .......20 structures and address materials encapsulation needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention of Corrosion in Concrete Using Fly Ash Concrete Mixes
    Prevention of Corrosion in Concrete Using Fly Ash Concrete Mixes Keith Bargaheiser1, Tarunjit S. Butalia2 1Manager of Marketing, ISG Resources, Inc., Toledo, Ohio, United States; 2Research Scientist, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States KEYWORDS: corrosion, concrete, fly ash, durability ABSTRACT This paper reviews the benefits of using high-volume fly ash in resisting corrosion damage in concrete structures. It considers the usefulness of current fly ash concrete technology and prevention techniques, and advances a new approach for making concrete resist the deleterious effects of corrosion. Nationally, the use of coal combustion products (CCPs) has increased more than 50 percent in the past decade. In 2000, more than 32 million tons of coal combustion products were recycled for beneficial uses. This is more than seven times the volume of aluminum that is recycled. But even though consumption has increased rapidly, only a third of all CCPs generated in the United States are currently being used in beneficial applications. This leaves more than 76 million tons of CCPs to be disposed of annually. The United States has recognized that its infrastructure of concrete bridges and highways is facing structural distress due to increased traffic volumes, increased axle loads and due to corrosion. In a landmark study conducted by Battelle Memorial Institute for the National Bureau of Standards, it is estimated that corrosion damage in the United States is 4.2 percent of the Gross National Product (GNP). Projecting this percentage out to recent GNP information, this amounts to about $350 billion of corrosion damage annually.
    [Show full text]