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Comparative Genetic Variability and Traits' Heritability in Vegetative And Indian J. Agric. Res., 53(2) 2019: 178-183 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE Print ISSN:0367-8245 / Online ISSN:0976-058X www.arccjournals.com Comparative genetic variability and traits’ heritability in vegetative and floral characters in accessions of two minor legumes J.O. Agbolade*1,2, J.O. Popoola3, J.I. Kioko1, B.D. Adewale, A.A. Ajiboye2, T.O. Ajewole2, O.A. David2 and R.J. Komolafe2 Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Nigeria. Received: 13-06-2018 Accepted: 14-09-2018 DOI: 10.18805/IJARe.A-374 ABSTRACT This study evaluated genetic variability and heritability in vegetative and floral characters among two minor legumes (Sphenotylis stenocarpa Ex. A. Rich. Harms and [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] of five accessions each. Six (6) floral and ten (10) vegetative characters were pooled for analysis on one hundred (100) plants of the two minor legumes. Appropriate statistical analyses were employed for comparative evaluation. Significant differences (P = 0.05) were observed in all the traits except rachis length. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed significant contributions of traits in lengths of calyx lobe, stipule, rachis and petiole; also in numbers of flowers per peduncle and of main branches to the expressed variability. The cluster analysis segregated the accessions into two major cluster groups. The broad sense heritability of traits was high (>95 %). The study is important in selection of valuable traits for conservation, management of genetic resources and hybridization programs of the two species. Key words: Cajanus cajan, Floral, Sphenostylis stenocarpa, Variability, Vegetative. INTRODUCTION belongs to the class Magnoliopsida; order Fabales; Family Genetic variability deals with the tendency of Fabaceae; subfamily Papilionoideaea; and genus genetic characteristics to vary among taxa, it is closely related Sphenostylis (Nnamani et al., 2017) There are seven species but not similar to genetic diversity which deals with the total in the genus Sphenostylis but African yam bean (AYB) is number of genetic characteristics in the genetic make-up of the most valuable (Adewale et al., 2013). The arable tuberous a species (Ammar et al., 2015). Heritability, however deals legume is important in most indigenous African food cultures with the extent to which observed differences between and in peasant agriculture (Nnamani et al., 2017). The center individuals are associated with the additive genetic variance, of diversity, according to the Genetic Resources Information knowledge of this parameter helps geneticist to determine Network (GRIN) spreads from the west through to the east whether or not a particular trait can be improved by selection, and southern parts of Africa (Adewale et al., 2013) and these management practices or both (Roman et al.,2000). The areas are suspected to host the genetic resources of AYB. radiation of angiosperms has been closely linked to the The utilization of AYB has links with sociocultural values diversification in floral morphology and function and this in the cultures of some ethnic groups within the area effect is particularly pronounced in animal-pollinated lineage (Adewale et al., 2013; Nnamani et al., 2017). The vegetative (Scott Armbruster, 2014). Specifically, floral characters growing stage of AYB is characterized with the profuse contribute to species separation much more often among production of trifoliate leaves. It possesses large and animal-pollinated taxa than among wind- and water- attractive flowers which seem to exhibit self-pollination ( pollinated taxa. Progress in our understanding of floral Popoola et al., 2017). Most legumes including AYB have diversification has been mainly based on examination of remarkably low susceptibility to most field and storage phylogenetic and ecological correlation of floral variation leguminous pests with high nitrogen fixing-ability (Okeola at the species level, above and studies of phenotypic selection and Machuka, 2001,Rajni and Vikas,2018,Singh et al.,2018). at the within-population (Agbolade and Komolafe, 2016). In addition, AYB is used extensively in various dietary African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa preparations and has potential for supplementing the protein Hoechst ex. A. Rich) harms is an underutilized tropical requirement of many families throughout the year (Nnamani African tuberous legume (Adewale et al., 2013). The crop et al., 2017). *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] 1Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa. 2Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University,Oye Ekiti. 3Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University,Ota,Ogun State. resources toward enhancinggenetic their of evaluation consistent the deserves and narrowneglected gene pool and and forage rich in protein,importance of both species as theyresource base for food, feed are underutilized and Komolafe, 2016). In spite of the economic and agronomic 2-4 cm wide, pubescent likewise the stem (Agbolade x long cm 5-10 lanceolate; oblong- are leaflets andstem the are petiole. trifoliate,Leaves alternate inset a spiralalong resulting from three ribs starting from deep the and base of quick each growing tap root at the withwoody base, with a variable habit, usuallyanbut erect, angular only, stem metres 1-2 usually height, but in metres 4-5 reach crop may The 2014). (FAOSTAT, world the of regions subtropical areawith a totalproduction 4.89of mha tropicalfrom and mha 7.03in grown is it Globally, Singh,and(Pundir1985). tropics forage andand wood feed, subtropicsfuel food, for perennial, warm-season crop that is widely grown in the belong belong to the same subfamily ‘ species thethat fact the to similaritiesfurtherlendcredence were reflected mostly in traits their Such leaf andfeatures. flower type. These diagnostic common as regarded be could were observed to be common to all the accessions which expressed by the two minor legumes studied, some traits In spite of theshape. leaf andtexture stem size, leaflet petiole,observable branchand stem, on pigmentation morphologicalin expressed was characters differencesvegetative stenocarpa cajan The species studied varied in their growth habit; andaccessions. species minor trait legumes two amongthe each of expressions phenotypic the for basis genetic different in the qualitative and (Narasimhulu quantitativeconservation characters depicted selecting suitable genotypes for crop improvementObservable and attributes: DISCUSSION AND RESULTS 2017).& areinPopoola withaccordance otherprotocols Nigeria, during the academic year 2017/2018 session. All Ekiti,- EkitiState, Oye FederalUniversity, Biotechnology, and PlantScience Department theof Farm of Researchand Nigeria, Ibadan, (NACGRAB), Oyo-State, attheTeaching National Centre for Genetic andResources Biotechnology the from obtained bean yam African and pea Pigeon of each METHODSAND MATERIALS proportionspecies. the two between contribution of both typesstenocarpa ( of legumes minor traits two the of to accessions the the among variability characters vegetative andfloral invariability phenotypic of levels the compare to is paper this of goal main The diversity. accessions were perennial while those of of those perennialwhile were accessions The experiment was carried out with five accessions five with out carried was experiment The [ pea Pigeon were annual. Considerable variability in and Cajanus cajan Cajanus cajan Cajanus Genetic data is important in et al., et Pappillonacea 2018). Variations observed Variations 2018). ) and to evaluate the (L.) Millsp.] is an erect an is Millsp.] (L.) Volume 53 Issue 2 (April2019) 2 Issue 53 Volume ’ Sphenostylis Sphenostylis . etal Variations Cajanus , (2011 , and Table 1: Passport data and descriptive statistics of the ten accessions of African Yam Bean and Pigeon pea studied. Scientific Common Accession TLL TLW SL SW DSE PL RL IL NSP NMB name name no Sphenostylis AYB NG/AT/APR/09/014 10.46 6.17Max 0.36Min 0.12 9.97 7.34Max 0.32 14.95 5.24 3.71 stenocarpa NG/OA/09/11/058 12.17 5.7 0.85 0.13 9.1 7.27 0.32 16.07Max 5.17 3.71 NGB01351 12.33Max 4.57 0.95 0.21Max 10.33Max 6.11 0.41 11.35 4.51Min 3.07 NGB01348 9.63 3.63 1.33 0.15 6.17 7.37 0.39 10.06Min 5.21 4 93AIA&T 8.83Min 3.57 2.53 0.12 5.1 6.11 0.35 11.17 5.2 5.1Max Cajanus Pigeon pea NGB01456 9.17 4 3.87Max 0.11Min 6.13 3.69 0.33 12.76 7.21 3.33 cajan NGB01462 11.5 4.51 1.33 0.16 8.51 3.22 0.53Max 12.8 8.53Max 3.21 NGB01464 9.5 3.54Min 2.57 0.13 5.05Min 3.13Min 0.51 11.61 5.5 3.01Min NGB01466 10.53 5.61 1.63 0.16 8 3.57 0.34 13.27 6.2 4.01 NGB01468 10.5 5.53 1.53 0.14 9 4.51 0.21Min 13.56 5.71 4.05 Variance 1.49 1.00 1.06 0.00 3.89 3.20 0.01 3.31 1.42 0.39 CoefVar 11.68 21.34 60.75 20.33 25.51 34.21 25.52 14.26 20.36 16.8 SE 0.39 0.32 0.33 0.01 0.62 0.57 0.03 0.58 0.38 0.2 P. Value 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 N.S 0.000 0.000 0.000 Legend: N.S. Non-Significant, P = 0.05, Max = Maximum, Min = Minimum, TLL – Terminal Leaflet Length, TLW – Terminal Leaflet Width, SL – Stipule Length, SW – Stipule Width, DSE – Days from Sowing to emergence, PL – Petiole Length, RL – Rachis Length, IL – Internode Length, NSP – Number of stems per plant, NMB – Number of main branches. 179 180 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH among accessions of the same species were very uncommon, Correlation indices: Correlation matrices between indicative of a closer genetic relatedness. vegetative quantitative traits indicated that terminal leaflet Measurable attributes: Table 1 shows that two accessions length and width, stipule length and width, and days from (NG/AT/APR/09/014 and 93AIA&T) of the Sphenostylis sowing to emergence are important characters of choice that stenocarpa were identified as early maturing accessions can be integrated into breeding programs of the two species.
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