Vol. XX XIII. No. 2 25 Cents a Copy February 1927 9.1 0 16.5

Clarence Ifatson, Secretary, Trade Extension DeParlment, Los Angeles Chamber of Com- merce, and a fair maid of Japan.

AUSTRALIA Trans-Pacific Transportation 4

The Matson Navigation Company is The Los Angeles Steamship Company planning big things for Hawaii in many maintains splendid fortnightly service by ways. It is behind the great new Royal palatial steam2rs between Honolulu and Hawaiian Hotel at Waikiki, and is en- Los Angeles. The steamers visit Hilo thusing the people of Honolulu to re- for the Volcano trip. The B. F. Dilling- newed efforts to place their attractions ham Co., Ltd., are Honolulu agents for before the people of the mainland. the Los Angeles Steamship Company, at Fort and Queen Sts., and here may be The Company is also inducing the arranged passage direct to Los Angeles, people of Hawaii to visit California and become acquainted with the people of the and beyond by rail, or you may arrange scenic beaches of that state. The Mat- to ship your auto or general freight. son Navigation Company maintains a tourist information bureau at its main The Canadian Australasian Royal office in the Matson Building in San Mail line of steamers operates a regu- Francisco, as well as in the Castle & Cooke Building in lIonolu'u, where lar four-weekly service of palatial tours of The HaWaiian Islands may be steamers between Vancouver, B. C., and booked. Sydney. Australia, via IIonolulu, Suva, Fiji, and Auckland, New Zealand. The Weekly, the Dollar Steamship Line sends its palatial passenger vessels around magnificent vessels "Aorangi" and the world via San Francisco, Honolulu "Niagara" are among the finest ships and the Orient: These great oil-burning afloat and their service and cuisine .are liners have only outside rooms and brass world renowned. The trip from Van- bedsteads for their passengers. The couver to Sydney is an ideal trans-Pa- agency of the company in Honolulu is in cific journey with fascinating glimpses the MCCandless Building. The steamers usually arrive in Honolulu on Saturday of tropical life in the storied Islands of morning- sailing for the Orient late the the South Seas. same afternoon, giving a day of sightsee- ing in the-city. The Canadian Pacific Railway is reaching out for the visitor from across The Nippon Yusen Kaisha maintains a the Pacific. At Vancouver, almost at the line of palatial steamers across the Paci- gangplank of the great Empress liners fic, via HOnolulu and San Francisco. From Japan „this line maintains connections to from the Orient, and the great palatial every part of the Orient. This company steamers of the Canadian Australian also maintains a line of steamers between liners, express trains of the Canadian Japan and South America ports via Hono- Pacific begin their four-day flying trip lulu, as well as a Java line from Japan. across the continent through a panorama The Honolulu office is in the Alexander Young Hotel, and the head office in of mountains and plains equalled nowhere Tokyo, Japan. in the world for scenic splendor.

tEEIn innpupnclfinuni••• a a a a a a -i- •• aarenrAlrargtaatiriailraitii S 011,r, ., 4., ..-, I tu-Partur fliagagittr ! 6. 141 CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD • Volume XXXIII .1 Number 2 • • CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY. 1927 .1 • .1 The Mighty Yang-tse-Kiang - - - - - - 103 • By D. C. Boulger .1 • When California Became a State - - - . - - 109 .1 .1 The Railway in Siam - - - - - - _ 113 The Perils of an Oyster - - - - - - - 117 .1 • By T. C. Roughley 14 4, New Zealand's Yellowstone al - - - - - - 123 . • By Henry Bateson • • Internationalizing Education - - - - - - 127 I, • By Dr. M. Sawaypnagi • • 4)1 . In French Indo-China - - - - - - - 133 ,.%„ By Waldemar Ka[ a eil Cooperation in Malaysia - - - - - §4i - - 139 45 By G. G. Van Der Kop Tea Drinking in America - 1 - - - - - - 141 1 By R. B. Meyer . i i The Bamboo in the Orient - W - - - - - 145 4 At the Pan-Pacific Club in Tokyo in June and July, 1926 A Welcome to Viscount Inouye, Minister of Railways 149 . 4 Two Ministers of Friendship to America - - - 153 • By Dallas D. L. MacGrew and D. H. Blake • Brave Deeds at Sea - - - - - - - 157 • An Address of B.H.M. Consul-General E. H. Holmes, :42 gi 4; of Yokohama - - - - - - - - 158 • . An Address by Captain S. Ota - - - - - 161 E Peace in the Pacific - - - - - - - 163 • A,. By M. T. Yamaoto

The Journal of the Pan-Pacific Research Institution - - 165 4-, 42 ii Vol. 2, No. I, containing "A Check-List of Fishes Recorded from Fijian Waters," by Gilbert P. Whitley of the Aus- g tralian Museum, Sydney, and ".-1 Check Listof the Fishes ii g of New Zealand." by W. J. Phillipps, P. L. S., Dominion 1.4- • Museum, Wellington, hew Zealand. .3 , The Bulletin of the Pan-Pacific Union - - - - 181 .1 1' New Series, No. 84 011r ilith-Varitir filagaztur n li Published monthly by ALEXANDER HUME FORD, Alexander Young Hotel Building, Honolulu, T. H. R :1.1- Yearly subscription in the United States and possessions, $3.00 in advance. Canada and 7 Mexico, $3.25. For all foreign countries, $3.50 Single copies, 25c. 1 Tf.g Entered as second-class matter at the Honolulu Postoffice. 3 3 Permission is given to publish articles from the Mid-Pacific Magazine i gimswomi_p_sli_____ ____ iumxic.-cir • • u.u.:ThrunuiTc.unui • mktmm, aaa miterlymm •-■ Printed by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd. 102 THE MID-PACIFIC

THE MID-PACIFIC 103

One of the river steamers on the Yang-tse-Kiang at the docks at Hankow.

The Mighty Yang-tse-Kiang By D. C. BOLI,GER (In the "Travel Magazine")

• --4-1 • -WITMI-t• -71 Innnunnatinunniintrnitni`fminicininUnii-rinffifftninimi-1

As his ship enters the broad estuary, The Mongol conquerors of China called thirty miles across, of the Yang-tse it the Dailai, or Ocean River, which Kiang River, the instructed traveler ap- proves that they were well aware of preciates the truth and force of the the name Yang-tse Kiang, and its popu- inspiration which led the Chinese to lar significance. Marco Polo calls it name their great river "The Son of the merely "The Kian," or river, just as if Ocean," for such is the meaning of the there were no other in China, and his name which has been most commonly description of it, despite all "the dis- adopted by foreigners for the mighty coveries" of later travelers, is still in stream that divides China into two the main correct. almost equal parts. Yet among the The story of the Yang-tse Kiang is Chinese themselves Yang-tse Kiang is that of China. Unbridged from time only applied to its estuary, and there immemorial between the gorges of are separate, distinct, but local, names Ichang and the sea it seemed by its gilTn to its upper course as it passes breadth and its volume to furnish an from one province, and even district, to insuperable barrier between two differ- another. For the Chinese the name of ent races and two rival empires. But the river is either Ta-kiang (Great those who pin their faith to river River) or Chang-kiang (Long River). boundaries build their hopes on shifting 104 THE MID-PACIFIC THE MID -PACIFIC 105

waters, and the Yang-tse Kiang has armies during the many civil wars and never been either a barrier or a f ron- foreign conquests which China, in the tier. It has ever been the main artery course of its checkered history, has of China's life, the spinal column, as undergone. To take the two most im- it were, of her commercial activity portant conquests of China by for- and national existence. On its broad eigners, those of the Mongols in the waters junks in their myriads have thirteenth and fourteenth, and of the from the earliest times of recorded his- Manchu in the seventeenth centuries, tory been the distributing agents of the the Yang-tse Kiang did not prevent the wealth of perhaps the most productive crossing and recrossing of armies counted region in the world. The wealth of by the hundred thousand, and in the those remote inland provinces, Szchuen great Taeping rebellion of half a cen- and Yunnan, has been borne to the tury ago a rebel force of at least 100,000 center of China and the sea on those men was ferried over from Nanking to native crafts of all sizes, which, despite the northern shore for the invasion of their curious appearance, weather rapid, the northern provinces and the capture flood and tempest in complete safety, of Peking. With these typical cases in since the time of the Hans, or let us the mind it is no longer surprising to say for two thousand years. learn that the great river, by whatever Nor have its broad waters hindered, name it might be known, has never much less prevented intercourse be- been a dividing line or invincible bar- tween the opposite banks. Better proof rier in the secular history of the Chin- of this, indeed, could not be furnished ese people. than the fact that the great river does If the Chinese were religious, which not even divide provinces, for Szchuen, they are not—scepticism, with the twin Hupeh, Anhui and Kiangsu—four of sisters ingratitude and incapacity to the most important of China's eighteen appreciate others, forming the basis of provinces—occupy both banks. Com- the national character—they would have munication between the two sides is developed a cult for the grand water maintained by literally countless ferries, highway with which Providence en- and in the Tunting Lake, through dowed their land, and its praise would which the river channel passes, the have furnished an abiding theme for craft employed are of sufficient size and popular thanksgiving throughout the strength to ride out a gale. No doubt succeeding cycles by their literary the mode of crossing the river is slow teachers and spokesmen. But there is and tedious. At Chungking, where nothing of the kind. The poets and the river is half a mile wide, and this essayists are silent. The materialistic at a distance of more than 1,500 miles waterfarer is indifferent to the debt he from its mouth, the ferry over occupies owes the stream that supports his half an hour, but time as yet counts barque, for if he thinks at all on the for little in China. At Hankow, where subject, it is not to return thanks for the river breadth is three times greater, the aid he receives, but to express his it naturally takes longer, although mingled fear and wrath at the perils of steam and even electric launches are the rapids, or of the treacherous winds here available for those who can pay roaring down side gorges which for their use. threaten him and his vessel with destruc- If the river does not prevent inter- tion, and which he imputes to the course between the inhabitants of the malignant influence of the outraged opposite banks, neither has it ever Feng Shui, or spirits of the air, and offered an obstacle to the passage of the vicious intervention of some for- 106 THE MID-PACIFIC

Along the great Yang-tse-Kiang may be seen ancient pagodas and villages that were old at the begin- ning of the Christian era.

midable Dragon, visible to his imagina- employ guarded terms, but for the tion alone. These, indeed, he will seek moment Mr. Rockhill's statement that to propitiate by giving the prow of his the source of the Yang-tse is to be boat the form or figure of a dragon, found in the Tangla Mountains, 270 but the idea of river worship, or giving miles north of Lhasa, and at an alti- grateful expression in the depth of his tude of 16,500 feet, may be accepted as feelings for the advantages conferred, the most authoritative. The exact has never occurred to any Chinese of position of its source is given as whom the West has heard. How differ- 33.45 N. lat., and 90.45 E. long., and ent from the gentle and sympathetic on this assumption the total length of races of India, who treat the Ganges the river must be considerably more as holy, and who in their gratitude for than the 3,000 miles, at which it has far less valuable aid in the heavy tasks been usually placed. In Tibet, the of life than the Chinese receive from river is called the Dichu or Kinsha, their ocean river. apostrophise her which is identical with the Y of every day of their lives as Mother China's semi-mythical period. At Ba- Ganga! thang the stream has become the Kin- In these days of keen competitive sha Kiang, and formerly there was a exploration in Tibetan highlands, when bridge here suspended 1,240 feet above the main object of each explorer ap- the stream at a point where it is 130 pears to be to put his immediate prede- yards wide. Below Bathang, as it cessor in the wrong. it is necessary to traverses part of Yunnan on its way THE MID-PACIFIC 107

to Szchuen, it is known as the Chin- navigation, it is only those encountered sha-chiang, or the River of Golden on this section of the river-200 miles Sand, and it is a very prevalent hope, —that need be termed serious. These if not conviction, that here will be difficulties vary with the season of the found at some future time one of the year. When the river is low a narrow richest auriferous regions on the globe. and tortuous channel winds between boul- lip to the present all that the inhabit- ders and granite ledges, that are only a ants have done is to wash the river few feet below the surface of the water. sand for gold, and to show content The breadth of the river here narrows in with small results. at places to fifty yards, and, being shut in At Pingshan, on the borders of by colossal cliffs on either side, hundreds Yunnan and Szchuen, the river be- of feet in height, the river itself is steeped comes navigable for medium-sized in gloom. Darkness alone is one impedi- junks, and at this point begins the ment, and as soon as the fitful rays of water route, which continues without a the sun disappear the junks haul up or break for 1,800 miles to the sea. It is anchor in the nearest safe place they can even declared that small junks can find. The junks unship their masts on ascend for 200 miles above. Pingshan. entering the gorges and trust to oar and Two hundred and fifty miles below pole alone, while wherever possible they Pingshan is Chungking, the great river are hauled along by pullers on the bank. port and flourishing city of the prov- The great danger at this season is that ince of Szchuen, China's Garden of the side of the junk may be pierced by the Eden, beside which the rest of China jagged edge of one of the projedting seems poor. Here the junk traffic is ledges of rock, and on the lookout for immense. Salt, tea, coal from Yun- such accidents are lifeboats able to float nan, and opium from the vast poppy in two feet of water, and with crews spe- fields of Szchuen give the junks full cially trained in the saving of life, although cargoes, and now that steamers have their equipment would seem to us primi- reached this place a larger volume of tive and of little value. Accidents, of trade must be developed by quicker course, happen, but they are comparatively means of transport and what are rare, and the loss of life is on the whole termed increased facilities. The story small. of steam navigation on the upper river In the spring the aspect of the river constitutes one of the most romantic undergoes a complete change. The melted episodes in the history of the great snows have been brought down from the river, but it would take too long to Tibetan highlands ; the many tributaries tell here. The section of the river be- that swell the parent stream bring in their low Chungking to as far as Ichang full volume, and the mighty Yang-tse presented such difficulties to steam dashes through the gorges to Ichang with navigation as were long thought to be, a waterway fifty feet above the level of if not insurmountable, at least of such the winter channel, and with a force of a character as to make the venture current which has been estimated at unprofitable. twelve miles an hour. Then the junk's The distance from Chungking to master has to shape his boat's course with Ichang is about 500 miles, and the Chin- skill so that he may not be driven to ese count between the two places thir- absolute destruction against the granite teen big and seventy-two minor rapids. walls that enclose him, more especially The most formidable of these lie be- when a fierce gale sweeps down from one tween Wan Hien and Ichang, and in of the side gorges without a sign to warn, referring to difficulties in the path of and with a force that seems irresistible. 108 THE MID-PACIFIC

Indeed, there is one point in this stretch Important and far-reaching as has of the river where these gusts are so been the part, silent despite the roar of frequent and formidable that it is named its inland billows, that the Yang-tse Fung Siang, or the Wind Gorge. It is Kiang has taken in China's national and marvelous, indeed, how with their simple political history in the past, there is no methods and weather-beaten craft the risk in predicting that its future im- Chinese boatmen ever face those turbulent portance will be still greater. It pro- waters, but nothing seems to daunt them. vides the grand highway into the heart The owner of the boat, or perhaps it of China, which is essential for the dis- would be more correct to call him the semination of modern ideas and modern skipper, as the owner is probably a rich articles among the tens of millions of merchant of Chungking or Hankow, sits people in what is still hidden China. on the elevated poop and shouts his in- Highroads in China are to be the cre- structions to the crew tugging at the long ations of some still remote epoch, rail- and heavy oars, or manipulating the poles, roads are slowly increasing in number while friendly counselors from every point and length, but in comparison with the of vantage along the banks express warn- area to be tapped they hold but an in- ings and advice as the junk struggles significant ratio, while the waterways, conferred by nature, costless, convenient along. Some one has said that as the for all, and wide stretching, remain. junks enter the Zukan gorge, immediately They are the true avenues leading above Ichang, and as the masts are low- straight to the secrets of the vast, un- ered just before the boats disappear in exploited Empire of China, and among the gloom of the passage, it looks to the them all the Yangtse Kiang, true child spectator as if the little ships were enter- of the ocean, stands pre-eminent in its ing eternity. magnificent and glorious immensity.

A view of the water-front of Shanghai, situated on an arm of the Yang-tse-Kiang River.

THE MID-PACIFIC 109

I he flag of the State of California being carried a States' Clubs procession in Honolulu.

011t '"UU11117:711.71"1731 :717711171MM:71K7117711U111V1 • • • 1.0.11..71,UWAg-AW.Aa When California Became a State

.' • ' • I /PIMIAN • L2anuat'll''WMUI=InnnilnWatiCalnaICI CItYWI\ti - 1

From the American occupation in ment, and a convention was called to 1846 the political position of California frame a state constitution. The work was anomalous. Held at first as a con- of this convention, a body without legal quest it became by the treaty of Guada- warrant, was completed November 13, lupe Hidalgo in 1848 an integral part 1949, and the constitution adopted was of the public domain, and subject to sent to Washington for consideration by the exclusive control of Congress. But Congress. Congress failed to provide any kind of A bill admitting California to the legislation, and the President found it Union was passed by the Senate August necessary to maintain a sort of govern- 13, 1850, by the House shortly after- ment by continuing the authority of the wards, and received the President's sig- military. nature September 9th of the same year. The Californians of that day re- Mr. William H. Aspinwall, the presi- sented this so-called de facto govern- dent of the Pacific Mail Steamship 110 THE MID-PACIFIC

In California the old mission style of architecture still prevails. It was stamped upon the country by the early fathers and today the leading hotels in Cali- fornia are erected in this style of architecture. THE MID -PACIFIC 111

Company, writing September 13, 1850, each squad advanced to the bar, drank to the company's San Francisco agents, to "California—a State," and fell to the Robinson, Bissell & Co., expresses rear of the column, to advance and anxiety for a quick trip of the "Ore- drink again in turn. gon" from Panama to San Francisco, P. H. Burnett, the governor of Cali- as the first word of the admitting of fornia, was in San Francisco when the California to the Union would be "Oregon" arrived with the news, and brought to San Francisco by that had been one of the speakers at the vessel. Portsmouth Square meeting. The next Mr. Aspinwall's letter reads in part morning he left for San Jose, then the as follows : "* * * The bill admit- capital, going by one of the two stages ting California as a state has passed running between San Francisco and Congress and received the signature of that place. The stage the governor the President. A flag, 'California—a took was owned and driven by a man State,' went out on the 'Philadelphia' named Crandell, who had the governor on her last trip to be displayed by the beside him on the box. The departure steamer taking the news to San Fran- of the governor was quickly communi- cisco, and I have also instructed Cap- cated to the crowd still lingering in tain Patterson to give a salute on his Delmonico's who, selecting a commit- arrival." tee, loaded them into the rival stage, The "Philadelphia" was one of the and sent them after the governor to vessels that made the New York-Isth- help in spreading the news. mus connections with the Pacific steam- The stages made heavy weather ers and the flag must have been faith- through the sand from the Plaza to the fully delivered to the "Oregon," for Mission, but striking the hard smooth when that vessel steamed through the road that skirted the base of the San Golden Gate October 18, 1850, she was Bruno mountains, both drivers put the gaily flying her bunting with the "Cali- mustangs to the utmost of their speed, fornia—a State" flag at her main. The and record time was made to San Jose, "Oregon" fired a salute as she ran Crandell's coach winning out by a few along the water front to Rincon Point minutes. As the stages passed village and back to Clark's Point, where she and ranch, the glad tidings were shouted anchored. out, and everybody along the line be- With the landing of the passengers came as excited and wild as those in the news spread rapidly and great was the racing stages. In much the same the rejoicing. That evening a meeting way was the news communicated was held in Portsmouth Square. throughout the state, and everywhere Speeches were made and congratula- it was received with acclamations of tions exchanged. Later an adjourn- joy. ment was taken to the Delmonico Sa- The San Francisco celebration on the loon, on Montgomery street, between evening of the "Oregon's" arrival was Merchant and Washington streets, and entirely impromptu, so plans were made there the crowd expressed their satis- for celebrating in a way befitting the faction in a manner characteristic of importance of the event. October 29th the time—drinking champagne. The was selected as the day, and the build- enthusiasm became so great that the ings along the water front and the ship- ordinary style of drinking would not ping in the harbor were decorated. A answer. Those present, and they seemed procession of public bodies, civil and to constitute practically the entire male military, marched to Portsmouth Square population, were formed into squads ; and listened to an oration by Justice of 112 THE MID- PACIFIC the Supreme Court Nathaniel Bennett. in the bay, and there was a general il- His speech was followed by exercises, lumination and fireworks. Then came and during the day there were salutes the ball, quite the grandest public ball and salvos of artillery. Small arms witnessed up to that time in California. carried by even the most peaceable citi- A writer of the time describes the day zens, added to the noise. as "one of the most complete, har- In the evening bonfires were lit on monious, unanimous, generally observed the surrounding hills and on the islands celebrations ever held in the city."

The California Building at the San Diego EA-Position which has remained a permanent art gallery. THE MID-PACIFIC 113

Along the river front of the Menant at Bangkok, Siam, near the railway station.

UPUZ,TC711DgC211,1C7_WKI.pG7III7TIC711117171C711C5171,7711`077,7111:Th The Railway in Siam icaimrunninnircatininwalini

ITH the exception of about 160 partment of State Railways has grown W kilometres of private lines, all from a comparatively minor position in railway lines in Siam are operated by the state administration to be the big- the State under the control of the Com- gest commercial undertaking in the missioner-General of State Railways. kingdom. The system is in continuous The total length of state lines open expansion, and enjoys the admiration as to traffic at present is over three thou- well as the popularity of the traveling sand kilometres. Railway construction public, a state of affairs not generally in Siam is of comparatively recent date common to railways under state admin- dating back only to 1892, when the first istration. turf was cut by the then King Chula- The four main lines radiating from longkorn on the line going from Bang- Bangkok are the Northeastern, North- kok to Ayudha and thence in a north- ern, Southern and Eastern Lines. easterly direction to Korat, a total length of 264 kilometres. Since then The Northeastern Line was the first the work has steadily progressed until line to be built in Siam, and as pre- the present day, when all the principal viously stated construction was started lines of the system radiating from in 1892 and completed to Korat, sit- Bangkok have been completed. uated on the Korat plateau, a total dis- It is a noteworthy fact that since the tance of 264 kilometres. amalgamation of all state lines in 1917 This line is now being extended some under a single administration, the De- three hundred kilometres to Ubol near 114 THE MID-PACIFIC

Almost cveryzohcre in Bangkok. the center of the .S'ictmesc railway system. may be seen the wonderful pagoda-like structures shown in this picture. Bangkok is like the Arabian Nights come to life. THE MID-PACIFIC 115

the French border on the Mekong river, porcelain was made is on a branch line. and another extension to Khonkaen. This line besides being the important The scenery over the pass section of high road to the north, runs through this line is very pretty, as the railway the rich Menam delta from where the track is continuously winding in and bulk of paddy is derived. out of the mountains. There is a fast The Southern Line is the line which train daily in each direction between connects Siam with the outer world. It Korat and Bangkok besides local and runs from Bangkok in a southerly di- goods trains. A considerable amount of rection down the Malay Peninsula and rosewood is brought down by this line connects the Federated Malay States for export to China and there is good Railways at Sungei Golok on the bor- shooting to be had for the sportsman der of Kelantan for connection with in the forest mountains. Singapore and at Padang Besar on the The Northern Line connects Bangkok border of Kedah for connection with with the capital of the north, Chieng- Penang. mai, and follows the northeastern line The total length of the Southern Line for the first 90 kilometres to Ban Phaji, is about 1,200 kilometres and the con- where it branches off and follows the struction was carried out with great Menam river in a northerly direction up speed, the work commencing in 1908 to Utaradit and thence through hilly and the through service to Kedah was country to Chiengmai, a total distance opened in 1918. of 750 kilometres from Bangkok. The line passes at kilometre 213 the The construction of this line was famous seaside resort at Hua Hill, commenced in 1897 and completed grad- where the Railway Administration has ually. erected a modern hotel with the best Several tunnels are encountered golf course in the Orient. through this section, the longest being A day and night express service from the Khun Tal tunnel, which is 1,354 Bangkok to Penang via Kedah was in- metres long and is, from an engineer- troduced in 1922 and it is now possible ing point of view, one of the important to complete this journey in the most pieces of work of the railway system. 'comfortable carriages in 36 hours. Any- This tunnel was completed in 1918 and one who has experienced the rough the line to Chiengmai opened in Jan- journey during the monsoon season up uary, 1921. the gulf of Siam will be able to appre- In former days it took about a month ciate fully the boon this service affords to travel from Bangkok to Chiengmai to travelers, not to speak of the saving but times have changed now, and there in time. is now a train de luxe service which In regard to this line, the late Lord only takes 26 hours and the timetable Northcliffe on his tour around the world is so arranged that the day's run in wrote as follows : both directions is through the hilly "My principal recollections of journey country which is a treat for the travel- on the Siamese State Railways are of ing public on account of the unsur- wonderful smoothness of running, of passed grandeur of the scenery passed beautiful jungle scenery, and one of the through. Of places of interest on the most peaceful and comfortable train line must be mentioned Ayudha, Bang journeys I can remember. Pa-In and Lopburi, all residential "At the time of the journey trains did places of former dynasties with inter- not run at night on account of possi- esting ruins. Sawankaloke, where in bility of colliding with elephants and olden times the famous Sawankaloke buffaloes straying across the line, and 116 THE MID- PACIFIC

they used to stop every evening at The Eastern Line runs from Bang- about 6 or 7 o'clock at a country sta- kok in an easterly direction to Petriew, tion where there was a rest house for a town situated at Km. 61 from Bang- passengers to sleep in. A through serv- kok. This line is now being extended ice was to be inaugurated on January about 200 kilometres to Aranya Prades 2nd of the year 1922 but if ever I on the Cambodian frontier which for travel that way again I shall certainly the present is the terminus of a first- elect to do it via the rest-houses. They class motor road to the world-famous looked admirably comfortable. If you ruins of Angkor Wat and via Pnom have not tried their mode of night trav- Penh to Saigon, the capital of French eling you will find it a very pleasant Indo China. Later on rail connection surprise. You are not, of course, in a is contemplated and the trip from Pe- hurry, as we are not. It is unnatural nang to Saigon by rail with a few days in the Far East. So a pause of twelve spent in Bangkok and the north of Siam hours or more in a little village settle- will be one of the most interesting ment on the edge of the jungle comes tours of the world. as an agreeable change." Up to date and comfortable rest- A big bridge across the Menam is houses are maintained by the railway under construction and when this is completed, passengers will be landed in administration at all terminal stations, the center of Bangkok where the rail- where everything possible is done for way administration is erecting a hotel the comfort and the convenience of the with all modern conveniences. passenger.

The elephant is still hunted and tamed in Siam, and sometimes he may be seen in the jungle from the train window. THE MID-PACIFIC 117

The Perils of an Oyster

By T. C. ROUGHLEY (By permission of the trustees of the Australian Museum, Sydney)

Lcuicannuclununial

IT has been calculated that if all the eggs of oysters were to be fertilized and were to live and grow to maturity they would fill up an entire bay in a It'here the oyster abounds. single season, while the fifth generation of descendants from a single female begin to swim but their movements are would make more than eight worlds as very feeble and they are carried about large as the earth, even if each female by currents which may take them out to spawned but once. sea or leave them stranded on the f ore- An oyster may, during each spawning shores with each receding tide. Sudden season, eject several millions of eggs and changes of temperature and salinity kill of these probably not more than two off large numbers, and everywhere are develop into adults. The wastage that the gaping mouths of molluscs, crusta- takes place during the development from ceans, and numberless other animals the egg to the adult oyster is therefore waiting to absorb them. Daily their num- enormous, and it is the purpose of this bers diminish as the dwindling army article to describe some of the fac- battles on to that critical stage when the tors contributing to the loss. individuals must cease to roam, when The early free-swimming stage of an they must either find some clean stable oyster's life is its most hazardous period. object in the water to which they may When an oyster spawns, the eggs from cement their shells or perish. They the female and the sperms from the male cannot swim powerfully enough to are cast direct into the water after the search for such objects but must trust to manner of most fishes. They are at the fortunate course of the current to once at the mercy of wind and tide, carry them to their vicinity. At this they provide food for a host of other period the death rate must be very high; animals, and many adverse conditions large numbers settle on to mud or sand may work for their destruction. Mullet and are quickly smothered, others are (Mugu spp.) are often attracted to the carried backwards and forwards with the region of the spawning oysters and the tide and never encounter any surface eggs and embryos are strained from the suitable for their future sedentary life. water and freely devoured. The num- The oyster cultivator now begins to ber thus consumed, if allowed to develop take a hand. He cannot protect the to maturity, would probably have been swimming oyster from its numerous sufficient to stock the whole river with perils on account of its microscopic size, a prolific crop. The survivors soon but by placing large quantities of suit- 118 THE MID-PACIFIC

,S'ome of the enemies of the oyster in Australia, the stingaree, the shark, and the cattle fish. Each destroys the oyster in his own peculiar way. THE MID-PACIFIC 119 able material in the water he does give struction of the eggs whenever found many an opportunity to live in situations must eventually result in a considerable where they must have perished without reduction of their numbers. Heavy rain his aid. Having once secured the fixed with resulting freshets either kills off oyster, the cultivator can of ten assist it the borers or drives them out to sea. to evade its enemies or save it from There are three species of boring destruction after it has been attacked. whelks found on the coast of New Probably the worst pest young oysters South Wales : the common borer have to contend with is the boring whelk, (Xymene hanleyi), which grows to a a shell-fish provided with a tongue-like length of about an inch, and deposits rasp, or radula, by means of which a its eggs in dome-shaped capsules about hole is bored through the oyster's shell, one-eighth of an inch in diameter ; these the flesh then being extracted piecemeal it attaches to the surfaces of oyster through the opening. This radula is shells or stones ; the black borer (Drupa a wonderful adaptation of nature which marginalba), of about the same size as allows quick and easy penetration of a the preceding, but characterized by blunt shell, hard enough, one would imagine, protuberances, black in color ; and the to offer an effective resistance to the hairy borer (Cymatium parthenopeum), attacks of so small an animal. The a larger species which attains a length of mechanical drilling action is assisted by four inches and deposits its eggs in a the secretion of sulphuric acid which parchment-like case held firmly against converts the carbonate of lime of the the under surface of the shell. The com- oyster's shell into sulphate of lime and mon borer, as its name implies, is by thereby greatly reduces its resistance. far the most prevalent, and few, if any, The hole made is clean-cut and circular rivers are entirely free from it. in outline. The greatest destruction I have seen Oyster borers are most common where on the coast of New South Wales has the salinity of the water is fairly high ; occurred on the Brunswick river and at they cannot withstand water of low Port 'Macquarie near the entrance. The salinity, and are therefore found in natural habitat of boring whelks is in greatest numbers near the entrances of the sea where the salinity of the water rivers or in those streams into which is always high ; here they take toll of little fresh water flows. Fortunately, in great numbers of marine shell-fish. One such waters the crops of young oysters has only to examine the dead shells of are usually very much greater than in such molluscs washed up on the ocean those of lower salinity, for there is less beaches to see the result of their dep- sediment in suspension, and the stones, redations ; a large proportion is usually sticks and other material which offer found with the characteristic small cir- surfaces for attachment remain very cular holes drilled through the shells. much cleaner. It frequently happens In addition to the mullet, which, owing that far greater numbers of oysters to the feeble development of its teeth, attach themselves than can ever grow is capable of devouring the oyster only to maturity owing to their overcrowded when it is a soft bodied creature of condition. The borers, however, quickly microscopic size, there are other types of thin them out. fish whose teeth are well adapted to An oyster cultivator can do little more crushing the hard shells of attached than gather those borers he finds and oysters. Of these, the greatest pests are destroy them by throwing them ashore the common toadfish or toado (Pheroides well beyond high tide level or by dip- hamiltoni), which has the teeth modified ping them into boiling water ; the de- into a kind of beak resembling that of a 120 THE MID-PACIFIC parrot ; the porcupine fish (Allomycterus Hunter river about the year 1870, but jaculifcrus), with jaws similar to that whether it was introduced there in of the toado ; the bream (Sparus aus- oysters imported from New Zealand at tralis), with a set of canine teeth used that time, or whether it already occurred for wrenching an oyster from its attach- on the coast and some favorable condi- ment and molars adapted to crushing the tions enabled it to increase enormously shells ; and the eagle ray (Myliobatis cannot at present be determined. Cer- australis), whose powerful jaws are pro- tain it is that in recent years it has vided with hard, pavement-like plates. played very great havoc with the oysters. The eagle ray may attain a width of Mr. Thos. Whitelegge, a well-known four feet and is capable of crushing the zoologist and then on the staff of the shells of fully grown oysters. The Australian Museum, investigated an out- damage done by these fishes is consider- break at this locality in 1890. From the able, and the only means of protection Hunter it has spread to practically every afforded to the oyster cultivator is to river on the coast. The only oyster bear- fence off the leases with stakes or wire ing waters to remain entirely free from netting. The labor and expense involved it are Bonville creek and the Bellinger are of course not warranted unless the and Nambucca rivers, while in the Man- destruction caused by the fishes is ex- ning the damage done is very slight. tensive. Prior to the outbreak on the Hunter, The oyster grower frequently suffers the market requirements were satisfied much loss from the onslaughts of the almost wholly by oysters grown on areas mangrove crab (Scylla serrata), a large never bared by the tide, often at con- species, deep greenish brown in color, siderable depths, the term "dredge which may attain a width of two feet oysters" being generally applied to them over all. The oysters are crushed be- because of the fact that a dredge had tween the powerful nippers, most of to be used to gather them. These beds the damage being done at night. While were the first to suffer, and in a short the young oysters suffer most at the time it was found to be practically im- hands of this crab, fully grown speci- possible to raise an oyster to maturity mens are by no means immune, par- in such situations. At the present time ticularly if their growth has been rapid, dredging is confined to a few rivers and their shells not very thick and hard. only on the coast, principally the Man- The visits of the crabs are periodical, ning and the Bellinger. As the dredge and, if concentrated in considerable num- beds were abandoned, cultivation along bers, a whole bed of oysters may be de- the foreshores was concentrated upon, stroyed in a few days. and at the present time the bulk of the The mangrove crab is more common oysters marketed is the product of f ore- on the North than on the South Coast, shore leases. The quality and size of the the Macleay river probably suffering to oysters have deteriorated somewhat in a greater extent than any other. The consequence, for those matured on only remedy so far devised is to impro- dredge beds grow more quickly, attain a vise fences to keep them off the leases. greater size and retain their condition The greatest enemy the oyster has on for longer periods of the year. But the coast of New South Wales is the mud for the mud worm it is questionable worm (Polvdora ciliata). So great an in- whether any cultivation at all would be fluence has been exercised by this worm carried on along the foreshores, for the that it has altered the whole type of cul- natural beds below low tide are probably tivation practised. The first extensive more than sufficient to supply the re- damage caused by it occurred in the quirements of the whole of Australia. THE MID-PACIFIC 121

The worm is. reddish-yellow in color a parasite on the oyster but simply builds and rarely grows more than an inch long. its mud home inside the shell for the It either swims inside the shell of the protection afforded. oyster when it is feeding and the valves The turbellarian worm known as the are open or is carried in with the in- wafer (Leptoplana australis) is thought going stream of water. Entrance is to cause much damage to oyster life, but gained usually when the worm is in the in what manner it kills the oyster has young or larval stage and is very small. not been definitely determined. It is Once inside it constructs two tubes close commonly found feeding on the meats together at right angles to the edge of of recently dead oysters, and is of course the shell and begins to collect mud from blamed for their death, but it is difficult the exterior of the shell and from other to see how entrance can be gained inside objects in the vicinity. This mud ac- a live oyster. However its frequent as- cumulates on the inner surface and sets sociation with dead oysters places it up irritation of the tissues in contact under grave suspicion, and it is there- with it. The oyster proceeds to deposit fore destroyed whenever found. a layer of shell over the mass, com- The octopus (Polypus cyaneus) does pletely enclosing it in a separate chamber. not prey on the oysters directly but uses Further attacks by worms gradually up- them to build its cone-shaped nest. set the normal economy of the oyster, Crawling over beds on which loose its living space becomes restricted, it oysters lie, it attaches its suckers to begins to weaken, and a stage is eventu- several of them and carries them to ally reached when it is no longer cap- its appointed home. Piling them in a able of secreting shelly material over the circle round it, the octopus soon gathers mud and at last succumbs. a heap of oysters up to two, feet high The worm thrives best in muddy situa- and hides in the hollow in the middle. tions but is by no means confined to Because of the weight of the oysters them. It is most prevalent near or below above them and the accumulation of sedi- low tide level. Oyster growers combat ment, many of the lower ones are it by keeping material to which the smothered. It is not an uncommon oysters are attached well off the bottom sight to see numbers of such nests on a by means of poles, wire netting sup- fiat below low tide, and where the octo- ported on posts, etc., and if any beds pus is prevalent a careful watch must are found to be badly infested the be kept for their nests and the animals oysters are raised for a week or two to speared. The octopus has a decided near high tide level where they are ex- preference for water of high salinity, posed to the heat of the sun for long and quickly makes for sea at the ap- periods and are covered by the tide for proach of a freshet. very brief intervals ; by this means the Freshets, caused by flood waters pour- worms are killed and the oysters suffer ing down from the source and tributaries little or no injury. of a river, must be accounted amongst In order to allay any fear on the part the major enemies of oyster life. Very of the oyster consumer it should be great damage is periodically caused by pointed out that oysters whose shells are them, particularly on several rivers on infected with worms are not by any the north coast of New South Wales. means detrimental when eaten. The Extensive areas of oyster-bearing worms, except in rare cases, are com- grounds may be covered with water of pletely isolated from the oyster's body, very low salinity, in some cases with and there is little or no risk of any water fresh enough to drink, for such being partaken with the meat. It is not long periods that the bulk of the oysters 122 THE MID-PACIFIC succumb. Even greater damage may be for this purpose the black mangrove caused by the sediment brought down by (Aegiceras majus) is the ideal timber ; it the fresh water which may accumulate is strongly resistant to borers in even on the beds to a depth of several inches, very small dimensions and the sticks of resulting in the death of every oyster this tree have been used to a far beneath it. On the Richmond, Clarence, greater extent in cultivation than those and Macleay rivers practically all the of any other species. The frames oysters, with the exception of those (mostly sawn hardwood) to which wire grown in the estuaries, have at intervals netting is attached as a support for been exterminated by these causes. A maturing oysters do not last as a rule certain amount of fresh water is de- more than three years, the length of cidedly beneficial to oysters ; those grow- time depending on the type of timber ing in the salter water of the estuaries employed and the prevalence of borers in normal seasons rarely thrive so, in the river, some waters being more rapidly as do those situated in the more seriously infested than others. brackish water upstream. It is the water There are a number of other pests of very low salinity and the sediment which either continually do minor injury which are fatal to them. to the oysters or may periodically cause Timber borers such as Limnoria, a heavy mortality in isolated rivers. Sphacrorna and the dreaded "cobra" Amongst these may be mentioned the (Nausitoria) not only limit the class of red weed (Falkenbergia) which at in- wood available for oyster culture but tervals invades Port Macquarie in such shorten the life of all timber used, and quantities that it lies thick on the beds, thus are classed by cultivators amongst where it rots and liberates gases which the oyster pests. If it were not for the kill large numbers of oysters ; the bal- destruction caused by these animals, the loon weed, which grows on loose oysters available supply of sticks and logs suit- and, becoming distended with gas, floats able for oyster cultivation would be limit- away with them ; the boring sponge less, whereas now only three or four (Cliona), which honeycombs the shells species of trees are sufficiently resistant of the older oysters ; and mussels to withstand their attacks long enough to (Mytilus), which may grow on the beds enable the oysters to mature. Where in such dense clusters that the oysters logs are to be employed for supporting remain poor and in some cases die. stones with attached oysters, the most Space will not allow of a detailed de- durable timbers are the prickly tea tree scription of these pests ; sufficient has (Melaleuca styphelioides) and the been written to show that the oyster's turpentine (Syncarpia laurifolia). It is life is full of peril and that the cultivator necessary that the bark of both species has a busy and somewhat uncertain time be left intact. In situations where the waging warfare on its numerous enemies, logs sink partially or wholly into the mud most timbers are but little affected in order that the initial crop may be by marine borers, for the coating of given an opportunity to grow and fatten mud gives a certain amount of immunity to provide a festival for the most cun- from attack. The bark of these trees is ning and relentless of all the oyster's unsuitable for the attachment of oysters ; enemies—man himself. THE MID-PACIFIC 123

T&ITC CUIV4 • • New Zealand's Yellowstone • • By HENRY BATESON •

The famous Yellowstone Park in earthly hour in the early morning, the America has only one rival—a narrow tourist snuggles between the clean white slip of land in the center of the North sheets with a sigh of relief. Island of New Zealand, a land of bubbling, A few hours later the forty-mile trip blobbing mud volcanoes, high-shooting across the desolate, browned Waimarino gushers, weird roaring blowholes, snow- Plains has to be tackled. It is bitterly capped, frowning mountains, and many cold—the writer, it should be remem- other natural wonders to be found bered, made the trip in mid-winter—and where thermal activity is encountered. the cutting wind blowing down from But Wairakei, where these wonders snow-capped Ruapehu, carries with it a are to be found, is hard of access. Stand- light mantle of snow. ing a few miles from the shores of Lake Taupo, it can only be reached by To our right looms Ruapeha, a tall road. mountain with snow-clad slopes. In summer a cloud of steam can be seen Being run by a private enterprise it is rising from the crater, and many resi- little known, the New Zealand govern- dents of the locality claim that if there ment advertising only the Rotorua is ever a violent eruption in this part thermal district some 40 miles distant. At of the world it will be caused through Wairakei, on the other hand, the charges the water in the lake breaking through are fully 25 per cent. lower, the attention to the boiling lava below. Further and service is 100 per cent better, and the various valleys contain all the wonders ahead stands Ngaruhoe, a conical vol- canic peak that at periods belches forth to be seen at Rotorua and many more besides. clouds of jet-black clouds. Still fur- There is only one drawback about ther ahead stands Tongariro, long since Wairakei. The journey up the Main extinct, but her long slopes scarred and Trunk Line from Auckland or Wel- seamed with a thousand creases. In the lington is tedious and tiring, and when clear mountain air a cloud of steam can Waimarino is reached at some un- be discerned rising from the blowhole 124 THE MID-PACIFIC

When in action some of the geysers in the New Zealand thermal district shoot to a height of 15oo feet. Everywhere in this region may be seen these exploding fountains of boiling water. THE MID-PACIFIC 125

half way up the slopes of the mountain outwards, while sacking saturated in side. kerosene is fanned into a blazing mass Below the towering mountains and whirled high into the air, floating stretches the plain—desolate, dreary, life- about like huge glow-worms. Sir James less save for the small groups of firs Hector called this blow-hole "The Safety which stand out as gems of green here Valve of New Zealand." and there in the otherwise monotonous But most of the weird geysers of the sweep of brown. region are to be found in Wairakei This area, known as the Tongariro Valley, which might aptly be nicknamed National Park, was presented to the "The Valley of A Hundred Smokes." Government by a great Maori chieftain, Here is the Champagne Cauldron, a cir- Te Heu Tukino. Today it is one of the cular area of boiling water, a beautiful finest playgrounds in the Pacific. Fish- amber in color ; the Great Wairakei, a ing, mountaineering, snow sports—all geyser which at regular intervals shoots may be had for the mere coming. a gusher thirty feet into the air ; and Gradually the road grows worse until the Eagle's Nest, round the mouth of it becomes a mere track of churned which are laid petrified sticks in the mud running aimlessly in and out among shape of a nest, and from which three the tall ti-tree scrub. Lake Roto-aira is geysters send their shoots skywards—the left behind, and the little village of Big Eagle, the Little Eagle, and the Tokaanu, nestling on the shore of Lake Eaglet. Taupo, is entered. Here, while one has One of the most remarkable geysers lunch, one must smell fish, eat fish, talk is The Twin. Every few minutes the fish. It is the mecca of trout fishers water in this pool bubbles up, subsides, the world over. bubbles again, and then shoots up a gusher. A rock, said to weigh half a In the afternoon the beautiful run ton, and set below the water level, is round the shores of the lake is made, heaved towards the surface as the and after passing through Earthquake water bubbles for the first time, then is Valley, a high-walled valley which geol- gently lowered to be heaved to the sur- ogists say was carved out of solid earth face a minute later. For a second it by a succession of violent 'quakes, Taupo stays poised in mid-water, and then sinks and then Wairakei is reached. The again. No sooner has the Dancing silence of that still valley is almost un- Rock stopped jazzing than the geyser canny, while its seared formation and throws up its shoot. Every ten minutes little hummock hills squatting in the bed the water in the pool threshes round, gives one no false impressions of the and the sound for all the world re- might of the earthquake. sembles a paddlewheel steamer thrashing There are so many natural wonders to its way up harbor. be seen at Wairakei that the tourist A few yards away is the Steam Ham- hardly knows where to start. mer. Standing on the shores of Crater At night he will visit The Blowhole, Lake, a placid pool, regular, giant thud- where from a small hole in the ground thuds come from below. The ground superheated steam rushes with a terrific shakes and quivers, and the whole per- roar at an estimated pressure of 180 formance is an awe-inspiring one. lbs. to the square inch. The great These are but a few of the wonders pillar of steam rises hundreds of feet of Wairakei—there are beautifully col- into the air, and is a landmark for ored terraces, strange geysers, bubbling miles around. Kerosene tins thrown areas of mud ranging in color from a into the vent are hurled upwards and beautiful cream to a shell pink, hurtling 126 THE MID-PACIFIC rapids and pretty falls. But the whole the fact that if a Hell exists it is in truth effect of Wairakei is to impress one with a Hell.

Parts of the thermal rejion in New Zealand may well be called "Val- leys of a Thousand Smokes." There are puffs of steam everywhere, yet with a guide it is perfectly safe to visit these valleys. THE MID-PACIFIC 127

Baseball is doing a wonderful work in internationalizing education in the Pacific. This is an all-Chinese team of Hawaiian born men. This team toured the Orient.

--71,37:711K71irivlw.,,u1cm,...„uu,ILYI,71...7.771-1737w7r,..,niui • -4- ill • i Internationalizing Education E il By DR. M. SAWAYANAGI i (Before the Institute of Pacific Relations) [41 k (A paper prepared by request and distributed to the members, of the Institute) .3' --■ gib el • • •Abl • • • • astrel ir_mtlirpncin=manatin • •• rfailffeiM: •

Last year I asked Miss Parkhurst of national flag of America as a present New York to come and visit a school in to the pupils of my school. Our boys Tokyo, in which I have the honor to be were genuinely pleased with this touch- the principal. This school comprises both ing mark of friendship from their breth- elementary and secondary grades, and the ren of America. So, at the gathering principles and methods of education fol- given in her honor at my school, they lowed there have much in common with brought a national flag of Japan and the so-called "Dalton plan" of which she asked her to take it back home to their is the originator. She came as the guest little friends in her school. Their spokes- of my school, and she not only favored man, a boy of twelve, then addressed her us with instructive lectures on the in a little speech, which ran as follows :— "Dalton plan," but spent two months "We hear that there is now (June, traveling all over the country and 1924) some difficulty between Japan and speaking on the same subject everywhere America. Some people seem to be un- she went. easy and some in excitement. But that Miss Parkhurst, like myself, is in is the concern of our parents, and we charge of a school as its principal. The children on both sides are friends. We pupils of her school entrusted her with a do not personally know our new friends, 128 THE MID-PACIFIC

Latin America is beginning a campaign on the education of her youth. The children of the wealthy class take the higher courses and those of the poorer classes are taught through manual training. THE MID-PACIFIC 129

the American boys and girls of your of ten to try to inspire hatred rather than school. But we feel toward them just to foster sentiments of harmony and the same as toward the children with cooperation. In this way, whether whom we are daily playing together. We knowingly or not, much harm is being believe that the American boys and girls done to the growth of the sentiment of feel toward us exactly the same way. love inherent in human nature. There Twenty years from now, we shall be may be differences of degree but it seems leaders and then we believe there will be undeniable that this undesirable educa- nothing to cause us any anxiety. As a tional tendency is prevalent in all coun- mark of our unfailing friendliness to- tries. ward the children of your school, we Now the correction of these defects now present them this flag of our count- in the educational system and method of try." various countries seems to be a matter of This simple speech made a deep im- urgent importance, though it is a remedy pression upon everybody present, and of a negative character. It is to be earn- as an educationist, I could not help but estly hoped that this question will re- stop and ponder. ceive the most careful attention on the All sorts of misunderstandings and part of educationists, and other intel- prejudices now hinder harmony between ligent persons in all countries, so that nations. Are these misunderstandings some suitable remedy may be adopted. and prejudices inherent in the minds of Japan has been somewhat successful in mankind ? Is it not rather the case carrying out the education of patriotism, that not only these hindrances but even and as a result there seem to be sonic the feeling of hatred is instilled into the who believe that we are conducting a pure, simple and unprejudiced minds of chauvinistic education. The truth is, children through education whose func- however, that Japan was the first coun- tion is supposed to consist in opening up try to free herself from an education of their minds and clear them of these very that tendency, as may be perceived from sentiments ? Even race prejudice is a brief allusion made to this topic in the probably the result of education. By opening statement I had the honor to education, I do not mean only the educa- read the other day. It is to be sincerely tion in schools. Is it not true that chil- desired for the sake of international har- dren imbibe race prejudice from their mony that a similar step be taken by elders ? other countries. It is, of course, proper that each nation With regard to measures of a positive should aim at educating its children to nature to be adopted in order to promote love and serve their country, and such the development of the spirit of interna- education will continue to be necessary. tional harmony, the first thing necessary But it is quite possible to carry such is to increase knowledge of each other. education beyond proper limits. As a As the basis of patriotism lies in the matter of fact, it can be said of educa- knowledge of national geography, history tion in almost every country that the and literature, so international harmony tendency is to extol one's own country rests upon the knowledge of each others at the expense of other countries, to geography, history, literature and so condone the shortcomings and wrong- forth. doings of one's own country and refuse In this connection, also, much has al- to give credit to another country's good ready been done in Japan. It has to be qualities or acts of justice. In teaching admitted that the motive has been a self- history and literature or in lecturing ish one ; in other words our object has upon current topics, the tendency is too been to benefit ourselves by adopting ]30 THE MID-PACIFIC

On the Island of Oahu alone there are L200 Boy Scouts, representing twenty-three different nationalities. This work is one of the best internationalising educational influences in Hawaii. THE MID- PACIFIC 131 good things from other peoples. In any own is a thing to be avoided by all case, the result has been that our school means. education has been enormously enriched I have no intention whatever to main- by the admission of a wide range of tain that our knowledge about the Occi- knowledge concerning other countries. dent is sufficient. I may freely admit For instance, in teaching geography, we that there is much room for widening do not confine our attention to our own and we want to learn still more from geography, but a great deal of time is the West. With this in view, the quan- given to foreign geography by dividing tity of Occidental material will be fur- the subject into the geography of Asia, ther increased in our text-books. But of America, and so on. Or take history, even now, we know about the Occident apart from Japanese history, it is sub- several times more than the Occident divided into Oriental history (China and knows about us. You may possibly India), and Occidental history. Then think that there is little for you to learn again in moral lessons, material is taken from the Orient. It is, however, sin- not only from Japanese but from all cerely to be wished that more efforts sources, such as the biographies of great may be made by you of the West to thinkers and leaders of all nations, East know about the East, not simply out of and \Vest, so that there is not a boy or a curiosity but for the purpose of really girl in our elementary schools who does understanding the East. In case you not know the names and some deeds of require any data for this purpose, we men like Washington, Lincoln or Frank- shall be only too glad to collect and f or- lin. Our school readers also contain a ward them to you. considerable amount of matter trans- I cannot help thinking that in all coun- lated from foreign books. Yet another tries, history has been taught in such a interesting fact is that a private educa- way as to foster misunderstanding, rather tionist, Shunichiro Matsumiya, by name, than understanding. It, therefore, seems published last year a series of transla- most desirable that in future the teach- tions from the text books of various ing of history be conducted with a view foreign countries, a work that involved to promoting international harmony. a great deal of labor and money. The It is also important for every nation series contains six volumes each from the to bring up its rising generation not only English, American, French, German and with a knowledge of its own good points Italian text-books. Translations from but also with a knowledge of its mis- Russian text-books also have since been conduct. There will be double advant- completed. In compiling the series, the age in this ; it will promote international object kept in view has been to put to- harmony and it will also help to improve gether such materials as seemed useful to the character of the nation. Japanese children. They are widely wel- The inculcation of the ideas of justice comed by our children as supplementary and humanity have made much progress reading. in most countries, but there has hitherto Each nation has a culture peculiar to been a tendency to limit their application itself and with a special significance to within national boundaries or within itself. It can render valuable contribu- particular racial groups. It is, theref ore, tions to the world civilization because it obviously important to instil into the is peculiar. It is, therefore, important minds of young people the necessity of that stress should be put upon the culti- widening the scope of application of vation of an attitude of deference to- these ideas. ward the cultures of other countries. To In Japan we are taking practical steps undervalue cultures different from one's to realize the desirable reform just men- 132 THE MID -PACIFIC tioned. There is a small coterie of con- As a means of furthering international servatives who oppose our work. But harmony, it will be a good thing to ex- the general trend of public sentiment is tend the exchange of professors to the decidedly in favor of reform in the de- exchange of students, and to carry this sired direction. Mention may be made out on an increasing scale. Japan still in this connection of the establishment continues the policy of sending abroad of the Association for International a large number of specialists to prosec- Education, the holding of a course of ute their investigations. Those sent by training in international education by the Department of Education now num- the Department of Education, and the ber over 600. They are mostly profes- publication of a great many books relat- sors and others of mature scholarship ing to international education. These who have made a mark in their respec- facts clearly show how the wind is blow- tive fields of study or work. They ing. stay abroad about two years. In most of our universities and col- The measures I have briefly suggested leges, there are student branches of the so far cannot be easily carried out. But Japanese League of Nations Union. They nobody who is in favor of the promotion are doing good work, and there is rea- of international harmony and coopera- son to believe that they will do still tion will, I trust, take any exception to better work in the future. It is an inter- them. There can be no doubt in any- esting fact that at our universities and body's mind that the realization of these reforms constitute the foundation for the colleges, the professors and students are edifice of international fellowship. Edu- mostly radicals. In this respect there cation, it is true, will not be able directly is a wide difference between our higher to solve the problems now confronting institutions of learning and those of the world, but none can deny that it is other lands ; so much so, that some peo- educationalists who will really bring ple complain that there is too much in- about and assure peace in the Pacific and ternationalism in our academic circles. in the world.

One of the dormitory buildings on the grounds of Oahu College where delegates to the Insti- tute of Pacific Relations were housed. THE MID-PACIFIC 133

4 street scene in the city of Cholon in Cochin China. The French have named this the "Street of the Moines."

•• ,r31301GgicracrijUrQ,1TCY,TaaviltNICITIOR771rurUjaiwfir17,1w.irum=n,Turi,c1TXT71:Tur In French Indo-China By WALDEMAR KAPTEIX (Of the "Inter-Ocean" Staff)

French Indo China is practically a Kwang-tschou-wan is added, with an large peninsula situated in the south area of 1000 sq. K.M. which was ceded west of Asia, between the Indian Archi- to France by the treaties of April 12th, pelago and China. The country is 1898, and November 16th, 1899, and bound, north by China, west by Siam which is administered by France, then and the gulf of Siam, south and east by the area of the whole territory is more the China Sea. The frontiers were for than 700,000 sq. K.M. or one and a half a long time uncertain, but now they times as large as France itself. French have been definitely fixed by treaties Indo China is economically an im- and conventions. Inside these borders portant land. It has a great future, French Indo China is composed of five with its area of 720,000 sq. K.M., its districts, viz.: population of sixteen millions of peace- Tonkin (103,450 sq. K.M.) ; Annam ful and comparatively industrious in- (180,000 sq. K.M.) ; Cochin-China (56,- habitants, its generally fruitful soil, its 965 sq. K.M.) ; Cambodia (150,000 sq. seas. lakes, and rivers abounding in K.M.) ; and Laos (230,000 sq. K. M.) fish, its immense forests, and its great When the small Chinese territory of mineral wealth, not to mention its 134 THE MID-PACIFIC

The French government is building excellent railways throughout Tonkin, and the difficulties of construction may here be seen. This view is on the line of the Haiphong Yunnanfou Rail- way. It gives a good idea of the scenery one may enjoy in this region. THE MID-PACIFIC 135 natural beauties, the remarkable culture south by Annam, and west by the of its various peoples, or its monu- China Sea. ments. The products, which come into consideration as exports, are more Tonkin is composed mainly of the numerous than is supposed. French basin of the Song Cai, or Red river. Indo China lies in the region of the Its area is about 104,000 sq. K.M. of monsoons, this being the climatic char- which 20,000 sq. K.M. is taken up by acteristic of these districts. In the the delta of the Red river, a northern south, and in the Mekong basin, there plateau of 35,000 sq. K.M. and a west- is a dry season from November to ern forest territory of about 50,000 sq. April, and a wet one from May to K.M. The delta district, which is shut October. In order to obtain a good re- in by two mountain chains, is a large view of the matter, the provinces will fertile plain, which is entirely cultivated be treated separately. and thickly populated (800 per sq. K.M.). The mountains on the right In 1873 Lieutenant Gamier, and a bank of the Song Cai, divide this river merchant called Dupuis, tried, with a from the Black river and the Song Ma. small force, to conquer Tonkin. The The highest top, is the Bavi, to the Emperor, Tu-Duc, called in the help of south of Son-Tay, which reaches a China, and so the French were forced height of 1300 meters. The hills on to leave. But in 1883 they made a re- the left bank of the Red river end in newed attempt, under Captain Riviere. the Tamdao Peak, which is also the Although Tu-Duc was again assisted by same height. The highest tops are the Chinese troops, Captain Riviere was Fan-Si-Pan (3200 M.) and the Poutaka able to hold his own, by defeating the (2300 M.). The climate of Tonkin is Chinese in 1884, a defeat which was good, and healthy for a European and followed by the treaty of Tientsin made is better than that of Cochin-China. between France and China, in which From November to March there is a China recognized the protectorate in north east monsoon, with many misty Tonkin, and ceded a large part to days, the temperature, by day, being 24, France. The Tonkinese continued to and by night 16 Cel. There is also resist French rule, however, and the a cold time of year, when the tempera- French were compelled to keep a force ture falls in the delta to 10 and some- of 30,000 men there, and it was only in times even to 8, accompanied, in the 1895. that order was established, with months of February and March, by fine the help of the Emperor of Annam, cold rain. On the plateaux and higher who had offered his intermediary in tops, winter is more marked. From return for various promises. Tonkin June to September high winds blow in has been a difficult colony, in which the Gulf of Tonkin called typhoons, France has lost many human lives, and from the Chinese, tai-phong. The heavi- many millions of money. est rains fall in the months of July, Yet now Tonkin is a quiet and August and September but other prosperous colony, one of the most months are also very rainy ; in fact it important territories in French Indo rains the whole year through, that is China. and one which has a splendid why Tonkin is the dampest province. future. Tonkin is situated between The largest river is the Red river, the 101°0. L. and 105°0. L. and between Hong Giang, sometimes called the 20°. N. B. and 23°. 20' N. B. It is Song Gai, which means the Big river. bound, north by the Chinese provinces This stream has its source in Yunnan, of Kwang-Tong, Kwang-Si and Yun- at a height of 2000 meters and cuts nan, west by Laos and Upper Burma, from Manhao to Yon-bay, a deep valley 136 T 11 r1C

o ne o is hong ip Ha f o THE MID-PACIFIC 137

in the mountain ridges, with more than from the mouth of the Thai-Binh to thirty rapids, which makes navigation the north east. impossible, and even dangerous. From These can he grouped in the Cat-Ba, Yon-bay the valley becomes wider, and soon it receives, also from Yunnan, two the Table, the Ko Bao and Go- Tow The road system is most tributaries, the Black river on the right, islands. and the river Claire. Near Vietri the highly developed in Tonkin. In 1914 the total length of roads amounted to Red river enters the delta and divides 7222 K.M. of which 728 K.M. is into two arms, near Son-tav, and later hardened. into several mouths, Cua-Tra-lv, Cua Cart tracks are not in- eluded in this total. Balet, Cua Lac. There are canals in this system, such as the Rapids canal A road of more strategical importance and the Bamboos canal. To the north has been constructed along the Chinese of the Red river the Thai-Binh is frontier from Mon tai to the frontier of formed by the union of several small the Chinese province of Kwang Tong to rivers, Song Cau Song, Thong, Song Lang-Son ( 236 K.M.) then on to Cao Lucnam. The Song Cau is the chief Bang, Bac-Lac, Ha-Giang to Lao-Kay. and most important river ; it is naviga- T roads are joined up to each other ble at high water to Backan, for sam- by numerous secondary roads, whilst sev- pans of one ton. Navigation ceases at erale paths communicate with Laos. The Dap-Cau. These rivers are liable to railways will be spoken of later on ; they floods so that even Hanoi is protected area very numerous in Tonkin. The har- by dikes and reservoirs, which are hor of Tonkin is Haiphong, a fine city maintained by the State. The Black with 60,000 inhabitants and twenty-seven river and the Claire are hardly naviga- mills. The town has a good harbor, and ble except for small boats. They con promises to become in the future a Cardiff tain many rapids, although these are of East Asia. With its twin harbor of not dangerous. Both rivers have many Hon-gay it exports 3,000,000 tons of coal. tributaries, and the whole forms a sys- The importance of Haiphong has in tern of irrigation for Tonkin, which creased remarkably since the completion makes this country especially suitable ofo the railway to Yunnan ; nevertheless for the cultivation of rice. The Song- the position of Haiphong is not as fav- Cai is navigable from Laokay on the orable as that of Saigon in spite of the frontiers of Yunnan and Tonkin to proximity of the Hon-gay coalfields, be- the sea, since a big effort has been cause the harbor is not situated on the made to obtain this result. That is great.ua-Camsteamship and routes.is 39 K.M. Haiphong from is the on why this river forms a good connecting the C link from Yunnan to the sea, and a sea. Tonkin had in 1914 a population of good trade route for Tonkin. The 6,000,000 to an area of 104,000 K.M.; it Cua-Cam, one of the arms of the Red is the most thickly populated province of river on which Haiphong is situated, French IndoChina ; the most thickly popu- is the only river up which ships can dated district of Tonkin is the delta of enter. Its channel is, at low water, the Red river, which has a population of 5,000,000 to an area of 16,000 sq. K.M. or about four or five meters deep and at more than three hundred to the sq. K.M. high water about six. The depth is Of the whole population 5,300,000 are An- artificially kept up to the mark. The namites or Tonkinese, and the remainino, coastline is short, and little indented, 700,000 is composed of other races in- the only bays of any importance being eluding 5,300 Europeans or 28% of the those of Along and Fai-Tsi-Long. The whole European population of French coast is strewn with small islands, Indo China. It is remarkable that in 1914 138 THE MID- PACIFIC

35.5% of the total population of French immense floods. Cambodia also produces Indo China formed the garrison, that is rice. about a third. The Chinese are also In Indo China many sorts of rice are pretty numerous, trade being to a large grown. In Tonkin the total area culti- extent in their hands. Rice is the most vated with rice amounts to about 900,000 important cultivation in French Indo hectares. This area can easily be in- China, and forms the principal food. creased. Several irrigation works, especi- Rice fields are to be found everywhere, ally in the provinces of Bacgiang, Hadong, but the two most important rice centers Bacninh, have benefited the cultivation are the deltas of Cochin China and Tonkin. of rice. In Tonkin, rice is harvested twice The soil there is fruitful and water plenti- a year, viz., in the fifth month, May-June, ful, although not excessive ; the crops here and the tenth month October-November, have much to suffer from drought, and the best and greatest in the tenth.

The style of architecture one meets in Indo-China. THE MID-PACIFIC 139

1C7tIVITPI1lifill,J1101 v Cooperation in Malaysia By G. G. VAN DER KOP (Managing Editor of "Inter-Ocean") iniimenNinnn/cArck=

In this our twentieth century public- rence to hear people expressing a wish ity has become one of the great forces of to spend their holiday outside Nether- society. Not only as an expression of lands India, but as Australia and Hong public opinion or as a means to in- Kong or Shanghai and Japan require at fluence the latter, as embodied in the least two or three months for even a daily press, but not less as one of the very short visit, and their attention has great instruments of education. Ignor- never been drawn to their near-neigh- ance as regards Java, and Netherlands bors, they fail to see a way to comply India as a whole, and the Philippine with such wishes and postpone their Islands and Siam and other Malaysia trip abroad until the time dawns that lands is yet general in Europe and they can go home on leave. This same America, and Malaysia stands badly in thing can be noticed in Siam where we need of a well planned publicity campaign. have often met with people who were Another item though that is not so most keen on visiting Java, and if the generally realized is the prevailing lack parties in Java interested in the tour- of knowledge between the communities ist traffic would see to it that Java, its in the Malaysian countries mutually, so hotels and railways were properly ad- that for the tourist it is exceedingly dif- vertised amongst the European as well ficult to obtain e. g. in Java accurate in- as the Siamese communities in Siam, formation for a trip to Siam or through the number of foreign visitors to Java the Federated Malay States and that in would decidedly be increased. the various countries concerned very Each of these countries has and is still little is done to attract tourists from the more or less active in the publication of neighboring communities. There is guides and pamphlets, and a most nothing like a well-directed and joint ordinary thing is that such publica- effort to encourage the tourist traffic tions have been printed in Europe, so mutually, and although on a trip in these that the instrument used for advertising parts of Asia one certainly often meets the country concerned may even not be with business men who have traveled quoted as an example of what can be Java as well as the Federated Malay done in the way of publishing and States and Siam, those whose business printing and the things anent thereto in did not lead them that way are almost the land that the public is urged to entirely ignorant of the possibilities for visit. As regards this feature Java is a pleasure trip at their very door. Yet a happy exception to the rule, as at these latter people often show a marked present the various large printers in inclination to spend their holiday out- Netherlands India are able to turn out side the borders of the colony they re- work of the same standard as the best side in but it is only lack of informa- European and American printers and tion as regards their near-neighbors there are only few processes that can- which keeps them from carrying out not be applied there as regards block- such plans. making, etc. Finally the printing of In Java it is a most ordinary occur- guide books relating to either of the 140 THE MID- PACIFIC

Malaysian countries in Europe or other would be assured of receiving such far-off lands entails additional expense larger orders at more or less regular for shipping, does not allow the parties intervals, would allow them to quote interested to remain in full control of much lower prices than at present. the proof-reading, get-up, etc., and of There is yet one more feature to draw course causes a considerable loss of attention to. This co-operation could time, whilst one of the weakest links of also lead to the mutual representing of the chain is that somebody only slightly the various countries without any extra critically inclined will be apt to draw expense. Why do not the various in- the conclusion that the country con- stitutions interested in the tourist traffic cerned as well as Malaysia as a whole enter into sonic agreement to display are rather impotent as regards the pub- photographs and literature mutually. lishing and printing business. So that For instance, the Siam State Railways, such a guide can hardly be considered the great Siamese undertaking bent on as much of an advertisement. furthering the tourist traffic, could ex- Yet, nothing is less true. Although hibit photographs from Java and supply in some of the Malaysian countries literature and the most ordinary in- printing and block making and such formation valuable for travellers from things may be rather inferior, there are Siam to Java, and the same could be others where the same can vie with done by the Java Tourist Bureau with what is turned out in Europe, like e. g. regard to Siam, although one could never in Java, and the Philippine Islands. On be the real representative of the other. the other hand there are also features We have urged co-operation between in which these other countries are again the Malaysian countries in general, superior, e. g. as regards photograph- although we realize very well that in ing, and Malaysia considered as a some regards, there exist economical whole is fully able to look after her differences and that one country's in- own publications. Therefore we urge terests do not run parallel to those of that more attention be paid to co-op- another. But as regards the tourist eration as regards advertising the traffic it is quite different ; here interests Malaysian lands as a whole, that vari- do not clash, and one only wonders that ous guides be published in conjunction no efforts have yet been made to conic with each other, eventually two or more to sonic agreement to the mutual bene- countries combined in one volume, as is fit of all the parties concerned. On the case with the guide of the Federated the whole no traveller from Europe or Malay States Railways together with America will pass the one country by the Siam State Railways, or at least for the other, when a joint effort is that where necessary, reference is made made to advertise the possibilities of to the information to be gathered in one travel in Malaysia in general, and the of the other volumes of the series. If existing communications between the such methods were practised expenses various countries are properly brought could be reduced considerably, for not forward so that the traveller can easily only is it a fact that the printing of make his arrangements to see as much a guide book of say 500 pages, relating as possible in the time he has available. to two countries, is much cheaper than And perhaps the most important point the printing of two separate books of is that it would stimulate the tourist 250 pages each, but the fact that a few traffic between the Malaysian countries of the large printing houses in Malaysia mutually. THE MID-PACIFIC 141

Picking the choice tea in China.

otuiiviium.urzy_nuquituTTNivriuiTnicvzni7i7i,,riv.iiiKwiuiaruium7.7ingrimmuminuit,u.iu% Tea Drinking in America By R. B. ;\ F,YER

Although the habit of tea drinking ber of smaller tea places, both in the among Americans has not assumed the downtown and uptown districts without prevalence of the use of this beverage telephones. Furthermore, it was only in in England, where it has been for many 1920 that tea rooms became so numer- years a national institution, there has ous as to be included in a special list been nevertheless throughout the United in the classified telephone directory. States a steady growth in popularity of The craze for afternoon dancing that tea drinking and of late this habit has set in about 1914 accelerated the demand shown an increase among men. for a "drop of something." The men Fifty tea rooms flourish today in took "their usual," but when prohibition New York to one fifteen years ago. An came and rendered the country dry ( ?) examination of the New York classified many of the so-called sterner sex found telephone directory shows that in the in tea a not unsatisfactory substitute year 1913 only a dozen tea rooms had for stronger refreshment. The "nine- telephones, while in the later directories teenth hole" at golf clubs is often com- a hundred tea rooms are listed. This, pletely surrounded by teapots. Down of course, does not include a large num- on Long Island polo players find tea 142 THE NIID-PACIFIC

At the height of the tea-picking season near Kyoto, Japan.

How the workers in Formosa gather the tea under the broiling sun. THE MID-PACIFIC 143

a first class pick-up after a hard match. water obtainable in a good locality Jack Dempsey drank tea just before he should have a determining effect upon faced Carpentier. the kind of tea that should be drunk Along about half past 4 o'clock in in that section, since hard water, salt the afternoon it is not unusual in some water, alkali water, etc., all have a dis- of the big banks and mercantile houses tinct effect on tea. The water in which in New York to catch a glimpse of a tea is brewed should be brought to teapot and severely plain cups and the boiling point and then left to boil, saucers being borne into the executive according to the old tea men, "until the offices. It would be too much to say steam hits the ceiling." A teaspoonful it is common habit, but it is far more of tea to the cup should then be placed frequent than five years ago when the in the teapot and the boiling water custom was confined to some of the poured out, when the tea leaves should British steamship line offices, and to be allowed to draw for five minutes. those men who had formed the tea At the end of this time the liquor drinking habit in British countries or should be immediately used or drawn in those overseas markets where the off the leaves. The use of cream and mode of life was subject to British in- sugar depends upon the individual's fluence. taste, but when these are used there is The American business day is so doubtless an increased amount of nutri- broken that men often find the period ment taken with the tea. after half past four the only time avail- A knowledge of the kind of teas and able for uninterrupted concentration on sources from which they may be best a single task. A cup of tea soothes obtained is of vital importance to the the stomachic nerve centers that are a tea drinker, while the proper blending little jumpy after business harrassment of teas and the reasons for the increas- and is an admirable preliminary for an ing use in this country of the Ceylon hour or two of calm, constructive and black teas are subjects of interest. thought. Ask the man who has tried it. Tea is grown principally in the fol- There are several reasons adduced for lowing localities : Ceylon, India, Java, the increasing interest in the use of tea Sumatra, China, Formosa and Japan. on the part of Americans. Probably Black tea is made principally in Cey- one of the reasons is the enlarging ap- lon, India, Java, Sumatra and China, preciation of the actual results of tea, while some green tea is made in India its users, including now more than one- and Ceylon, by far the greatest quan- half of the entire population of the tities come from Japan and China, while world, finding it a real food and the island of Formosa produces a tea strength auxiliary, securing a gentle quite unique in leaf, liquor and flavor exhilaration, and an agreeable means of from the former varieties. The differ- imbibing the water necessary in human ence between black tea and green tea nutrition ; there should be added the lies principally in the manner in which use of tea as a social usage contributing the tea leaf is dried after it has been to the delights of companionship. plucked. The estate managers exercise The secret of securing the value of quite as much care in the curing and tea is dependent in no small way upon manufacture of tea as the manager of a the manner in which it is brewed. Fresh champagne district uses in the manu- water should be used rather than water facture of champagne. These men gain that has been boiling for some time. a reputation for turning out excellent Filtered water is preferable when it tea and become very desirable managers can be obtained. In fact, the kind of for the big estates. These estates gain 144 THE MID- PACIFIC reputations for turning out good tea ber, October and November. During and the names of these estates are as this time most of the teas are sold. well known to the tea trade as the vari- Japan teas are sold in very much the ous well known names of the best man- same manner as in China. The season ufacturers of champagne. for Japan tea runs from May to August. Black teas are divided into the fol- The best teas are the first crop teas lowing subdivisions : Orange Pekoe, Pe- and they get poorer as the season ad- koes and Peko Suchongs. These sub- vances. divisions are again subdivided if the The Formosa season runs from May leaves are broken by prefixing the term until September. The early teas are broken, such as broken orange pekoe, not as desirable as those that come in etc. The term flowery is used when about the middle of the season, al- a scented flower leaf is added to flavor though some very flavory teas are to a tea. The black China teas are not be had during the month of June. subdivided in the above manner. These Java teas are becoming more and teas are known to the trade under the more popular and the Dutch are pay- general term of Congou tea. ing great attention to the careful man- Japan green teas are divided general- ufacture and quality. The cheapness of ly speaking into sun dried, basket fired, these teas is a large factor in their and pan fired. China green teas usually favor. Their season is a long one are divided into two classes, Pingsueys and runs from May until October. and country greens, which are in turn India tea is sold at auctions. During subdivided into many varieties. the tea season these auctions take place The grade and value of tea is de- every Tuesday. However, as England termined in the following manner : First, is by far the largest consumer of India by the appearance of the leaf as to teas, about 50 per cent of the Indian style and color, the smell of the in- teas grown are shipped directly to Lon- fusion (that is, the smell of the leaves don without being shown in the auc- after being drawn in boiling water tions. The season runs from January and left to cool for about five minutes) to March and September to October. and the appearance of the infusion (that During the war, tea, as most every is, the leaves after being submitted to other commodity, had a great boom, and boiling water) and also by the taste and after the boom subsided, large stocks of color of the liquid. Teas are graded to tea were left on hand in the United States the one-quarter pence sterling. and England, as well as in Java, India Each locality in which tea is grown and Formosa. The consumption of tea in has a somewhat different method of sell- the United States is about one pound per ing its teas. In China the tea growers capita, whereas the consumption in Eng- and manufacturers offer their teas, as land is about seven pounds per capita. they are made, to the foreign buyers ; At present England is carrying a very for the most part these foreign buyers, large stock of low grade tea. This was if they do not have in hand actual buy- originally made for the Russian market. ing orders, grade these teas and cable For the most part it would not pass the out quotations on them to their various United States tea examiners. The only connections in the different tea markets way in which this large supply of surplus of the world. In some cases they con- teas could be used is by waiting until sign their teas, but more generally the Russia comes in again, and for chemical teas are purchased on these cable quo- purposes. Russia ordinarily takes about tations. The season for China teas is 400,000,000 pounds of tea. As Russia during the months of August, Septem- has been out of the market, one can THE MID-PACIFIC 145 -0TurivnIznyunvilunurrouvuunuracri mm7ourrollunivrivirunurRilicinuilum7nunuounc;uvuulicur The Bamboo in the Orient

'""aintufluntranconlintri_

The sphere of usefulness of the first-named — madake — is economically bamboo in the economic existence of the the most important, being tough in fiber. Japanese is so extensive that a mere Kyoto and the adjacent provinces are enumeration of its uses would occupy most noted for the cultivation of bam- pages, says the "Japan Tourist." As the boos. Saga, in the suburbs of that ancient plant enters so largely into the life of capital, is celebrated for the fine quality of the Japanese people, information will its bamboos. not be out of place. Next to the madake, the hachiku is The bamboo forms a trio with the most widely used for industrial purposes. pine and the plum, the so-called "Sho- Its culms possess less artistic qualities chiku-bai," and the three are a favorite than those of the madake, but in point motive with artists and designers. They of durability the hachiku is even su- are known as "three companions" of perior to the madake. The hachiku has man, and the Chinese idea that the bam- another quality—that of easy splitting— boo is symbolic of three traits of char- which makes it largely used for mak- acter—justice, firmness, and constancy— ing lantern frames, baskets, and screens. is deeply appreciated. by us. Justice The mosOchiku is represented by the straightness of the was introduced into culm, firmness by the joints adding Japan from its native home, Konan in strength to the stem, and constancy by China, in the remote past. It was first the retention of the green color by the transplanted in the Luchoo, whence it leaves in the depth of winter. was brought to Satsuma some 180 years ago by a feudal lord of that powerful People of keen esthetic sense could clan. From Satsuma it found its way not be insensible to the gracefulness at last to Meguro near Tokyo in the which is a characteristic feature of the Kansei period. It will thus be noted bamboo—elegance combined with dignity that the masochiku has taken the same —and full justice has been done to the route as the sweet-potato (Satsuma-imo) plant by poets and artists in the ex- in its introduction from China. Meguro pression of their sentiments. is noted for its takenoko (young sprouts According to botanists, there are over of bamboos) and takenoko-meshi, a 30 genera and 200 species of bamboos in fancy food which is prepared by boiling existence. Asia is the home of this rice with takenoko with soy added. This plant, and out of over 200 species as bamboo rice is a local specialty, and the many as 150 are found on that continent. restaurant of Meguro has a very busy Japan is one of the greatest bamboo- time in the takenoko season, as it is producing countries in the world. On then much patronized by Tokyo people, its soil there are represented 9 genera who drop in at the eating-house to and over 30 species, which ramificate satisfy the cravings of the inner man into about 100 varieties. when they are making a pilgrimage to As the more important of the genera, the Fudo Shrine or paying a tribute to mention may be made of Madake, the graves of Shira Gompachi and Madake, Sasa, Shikakudake, Okamezasa, Komurasaki, two of the attractions of Tochiku, Ho-ochiku, and Machiku. The the place. Gompachi and Komurasaki 146 THE MID-PACIFIC

The bamboo is one of the most valuable plants in the Orient. It is used for almost every purpose: in the Philippines, for building houses; in Japan, for art work, building fences, and even as pipes for carrying water; and the young shoots make a delicious food. THE MID -PACIFIC 147

were a pair of sweethearts who com- account. The export of bamboo and mitted a double suicide for love. This its manufactures is considered to be a romantic tragedy was made much of branch of our foreign trade which has by dramatists and romancers of old possibilities of a greater development. Japan and their resting-place strongly It is said that England heads the list appeals to the imagination of the people. of countries to which Japanese bam- The kurochiku (black bamboo) is boos are exported, followed by France cultivated near Kyoto and in the and Germany in the order named. In provinces of Tamba and Tango chiefly London there are said to be about 30 for export. Being elegant in appearance, factories exclusively engaged in the the plant is admired as an ornament in manufacture of bamboo-ware. a garden. It is used for making writing In writing an article on the Japanese desks, book-shelves, fishing-rods, etc. bamboo the name of Mr. Isuke Tsuboi The medake (female bamboo) is the should not be left unmentioned. He is commonest variety of bamboo in Japan : an enthusiastic cultivator of bamboos, it is found wild everywhere—on hills and he and Mr. Yasushi Nawa, the and plains. It is especially pliable and world-famous entomologist, are two elastic and these qualities make it use- learned investigators, who are the pride ful as material for round fans (uchkaa), and glory of Gifu prefecture which has baskets, and fishing-rods. given birth to them. The Hakone-dake is distributed all The strength of Mr. Tsuboi's re- over the central northern parts of the searches lies in the fact that he has Main Island, and, as its name indicates, studied the subject of his own choice— it is most abundantly found on the that of Japanese bamboos—not only Hakone mountains. It is useful in through printed pages and in his study, making holders of brush-pens, round but also, and that chiefly, by his ex- fans, baskets, broom-sticks, etc. cursions throughout the length and breadth of the country and by experi- Kanzanchiku, narihira-dake, ho-ochiku, mental cultivation in his own garden. as well as chigozasa and kanturazasa He has never received a systematic edu- are prized as pretty garden ornaments. cation, but through his keen interest According to statistics compiled by the and constant observation extending over Department of Agriculture and Com- thirty years, he has succeeded in amass- merce, the total area of land under bam- ing a wealth of information, and he is boo cultivation in Japan, except Hok- now deservedly looked upon as the kaido, Taiwan, and Chosen, is 121,895 greatest authority on the subject in this cho. Latest figures show that the an- country. nual output of bamboos averages 2,300,- Perhaps his name is known to some of 500 ven, and the production of the the American specialists, as Mr. Tsuboi sheaths of young culms (takenokawa) had the honor of a visit in his country amounts to the value of some 220,000 home from Mr. Fairchild, an American yen. Exports of bamboos have shown botanist, who came to Japan in 1901 on a remarkable increase in recent years. an official mission. Prof. Endo of the The latest available figures are : bam- Sapporo Agricultural College, was first boos, 500,000 yen ; bamboo manu- approached by the American scientists, factures, 2,000,000 yen. The amount as one who was a specialist in the sub- will easily touch the three million mark ject of the Japanese bamboo, but Prof. when paper lanterns, round fans, f old- Endo introduced him to Mr. Tsuboi as ing-f ans, paper umbrellas, in which the best fitted for giving information bamboo forms a part, are taken into on the subject. 148 THE MI.D-PACIFIC

g boo m ba

he t a in t THE MID-PACIFIC 149

ICAIVIT'OrIC7111,71PCMIL7r1C71 1CMG5,771IVITC.711A7W IC77 ICITIVITYITNITTIP71,1VIR71A7M711,711C711IIITYLIT711,71771fi •

At the Pan-Pacific Club in Tokyo ; A Welcome to Viscount Inouye, Minister of Railways I • 44 EiN aaa innknoffin---iniemnbni—nininniuman

Prince Tokugawa occupied the chair at on time. It is very important that our this meeting of the Pan-Pacific Club of meetings commence on time, for every- Tokyo in June, 1926. body to he punctual, and as your presi- We have met here today, at this the dent I more than regret and am 115th luncheon meeting of our club for ashamed that I did not set a better the purpose of offering to our most able example. I hope you will excuse me to- and esteemed president, His Excellency day and I shall try and not let it hap- Viscount Inouye, our most heartfelt pen again. congratulations on his appointment to I consider it a special privilege to the distinguished post of Minister of know that you have changed today's State for Railways. gathering to a form of congratulatory I feel it a great honor and at the meeting upon my appointment to the same time a great pleasure to preside office of Minister of State for Rail- on this occasion. ways. I cannot find adequate words I need not say, as all of you are well to express my gratitude for the great aware, how earnestly and how ener- honor accorded me, nothing pleases me getically our president has always more than a spiritual gift from friends, worked for this club and we would be especially from the members of the exceedingly sorry if the cares of State Pan-Pacific Club in which I have been should deprive us of his services as our interested ever since its inception, three years ago. President. I am, therefore, sincerely happy to inform you ladies and gentle- Though the post to which I have men, that I have been told that His Ex- been appointed may not have direct cellency is not thinking of resigning relations with international policy, in but that on the contrary he will con- which the club is much interested, but tinue to work as much as ever for the as a transportation medium of the welfare and success of our club. I think world the Japanese Government Rail- this great gathering this afternoon is a ways have become an important factor in international relations. The Japa- proof of his ability and popularity. This is very gratifying to all of us for nese Government is covered with a net work of 7,000 miles of railways and our club would not flourish without such a good president as His Excel- has close traffic relations with the rail- lency. ways of the Asiatic continent. Today we have intimate connection, through Viscount Inouye spoke as follows : Chosen, with China and through Man- Mr. Chairman, Prince Tokugawa, churia, with Siberia and Europe. We Your Excellencies, Ladies and Gentle- can now purchase a through ticket in men : Tokyo to Paris or London and arrive First of all I must apologize for my at our destination within two weeks. tardiness today, for I could not get here If mutual contact is one of the im- 150 THE MID- 1)CIFIC

The interior of a Japanese railway car.

A Japanese railway train stopping at one of the stations. THE MID-PACIFIC 151

portant factors for the promotion of has inevitable relations with her neigh- better understanding between nations, bors of the Asiatic mainland. She is and I believe it is, I can use my good on good terms with China as a result offices for this purpose. of mutual consideration. Urgent ter- But apart from my service as the ritorial, economic and social exigencies Minister of Railways, I think I can do required a resumption of diplomatic re- more as a member of the Cabinet, to lations with Soviet Russia, though promote the cause of international Japan has no sympathy with Sovietism - amity. I can assure you on this oc- as a political and social system and casion that I have not changed and will permits no Communist propaganda in never change my opinion on interna- this country. I cannot state too strong- tional policy, which I have already ly that our conciliatory and construc- stated here on several occasions. More- tive policy towards the Orient entails over, I am a firm believer in the no reverse policy towards the Occident. foreign policy of the present govern- "The United States particularly is not ment which is in harmony with the a country Japan would choose to ali- ideals of this club. enate. Aside from our historical, cul- Therefore, I think it may not be out tural and aspirational relationship, and of place to quote the words of the late aside from our correlation to the prob- Premier, Viscount Kato, by whom the lem of world society—to all of which present Cabinet was first formed just Japan attaches importance—the United two years ago yesterday. Last autumn States are of immense concern to us he had occasion to express his views commercially and financially. Although about international relations and spoke in external pigmentation we are more as follows : or less different from other sections of "Japan is individual. Her psychol- humanity, in internal pigmentation we ogy, like her volcanic islands, stands seem to be about the same." apart from the mainland of Asia. We After all, we belong to the same man- are as different from the Chinese as we kind, with the same feelings, sentiments are from the Americans or the British, and ideals. Though the shade of my and who has detected any identity be- skin may he somewhat different from tween the Russians and the Japanese ? yours, my heart throbs in unison with If we try to establish neighborly rela- yours for the cause of international tions with China and Russia as we al- peace. ways are trying to do, it is not be- The Atlantic Era has passed and a cause our hearts turn away from our Pacific Era is here. Situated as she is occidental friends in the Pacific ; it is on the Pacific Ocean, lying close to because we believe in international the Asiatic Mainland and facing the amity as a general objective of state- United States, Canada, Australia and manship. South American States, Japan has an "Our point of view is illustrated by important mission to bring the East the position of England which looks and the West into peace and harmony. East and \Vest. English intercourse, I am a firm believer in the Pan-Pacific political, social and economic, with the ideals of peace and international good- continent of Europe—her friendship will. Let us each do our share to pro- with European nations—does not de- mote peace and mutual understanding tach her from the Atlantic nor lessen among the nations bordering on the her desire for Atlantic friendship. Japan Pacific Ocean. 152 THE MID-PACIFIC

In the Pan-Pacific Club in Tokyo and r:roughout the Pacific it is the hope and desire of al that the day will dawn when only peaceful vessels zoill ply the waters of the ever peacefi l Pacific. THE MID-PACIFIC 153 w.I,Itiraluginutivriariarournuumulitrorr 21p..,ruu • • • • • • 0-1124Punvi_TInunul11 Two Ministers of Friendship to America DALLAS D. L. MacGREW and D. H. BLAKE

• In the absence of Viscount Inouye, I have a confession to make. I Prince Tokugawa acted as chairman thought that His Excellency General of the luncheon meeting of the Pan- Pabst would occupy most of the time Pacific Club on Friday, June 18th. today with his speech; the result is that Prince Tokugawa : I have not prepared anything. It is in I am sure many of you are disap- my opinion not necessary really to pointed this afternoon for two reasons, prepare an elaborate address for a first. because we expected to have the friendly gathering such as these always honor of listening to His Excellency, are. I think the important aspect of General J. C. Pabst, the Minister of the Pan-Pacific Club is not the oppor- the Netherlands, but press of duties tunity to listen to speeches but the op- owing to his early departure from portunity which we all enjoy of meet- Japan prevented his attendance. Second- ing one another pleasantly and inform- ly, Viscount Inouye, our president, can- ally once a week here. I know that is not preside today because of a cabinet the impression which is deepest in me meeting which takes place today and after two years of attendance at your which he had to attend. We are pleased meetings. I must say I can remember however, to announce that Mr. Blake very little of most of the speeches I has kindly helped us out on very short have heard here but I do remember notice. very vividly the pleasant impression We have two unpleasant duties to- that I have of the friendliness which is day, one to bid farewell to Mr. Mac- the marked feature of our gatherings. grew, who is leaving Japan, and the other to hid au revoir to Mr. Blake, who I can say with perfect truth that one leaves shortly for a trip to the United of my regrets in going will be missing States. Mr. Macgrew will serve at our these meetings. In Washington I shall Embassy at Washington and I am sure have very little opportunity of meeting he will do his very best for the promo- Japanese friends except those in the tion of amicable relations between our Embassy and occasional visitors. I will two nations. As all of you know Mr. not be leaving the office every Friday Macgrew and Mr. Blake are both good noon and going to a gathering such as friends of Japan and we are delighted this as I have for the past two years. to have them with us this afternoon. As our chairman has mentioned, I am Upon Mr. Blake's return we shall look going to Washington. I do not know forward to a talk from him in which he for just how long I shall be there but I will tell us his impressions gained while sincerely hope I shall be permitted to visiting his own country. return to Japan. I need hardly say that my efforts during my term of duty Mr. Dallas D. L. MacGrew: in Washington will be in the direction Prince Tokugawa, members of the of making Japan clear to my country- Pan-Pacific club : men. I think such meetings as these do PACIFIC 154 THE MID- us go home and make a little speecn something to make the characteristics of my country better understood in before we leave and then the chairman Japan. In the United States we have may kindly announce that we will speak on our return and I expect a the Japan Society which has a large membership of Japanese as well as good many of the hearers hope we won't Americans and that performs there the come back. same function as the Pan-Pacific Club My friend Mr. Kasai 'phoned me yes- does here. It is a very worthy organ- terday afternoon that His Excellency ization and everyone who knows about General Pabst, Minister of the Nether- it supports it heartily, but every Ameri- lands, who was to have addressed us can who has had the opportunity to today, was unable to be present and learn something of Japan is a good therefore it was the wish of Prince force in the United States. What we Tokugawa that I should substitute for need—everybody who has ever spoken him and I feel very much flattered. here has said the same thing but that None of us know what subject His does not make it any the less true— Excellency would have chosen, but I is more knowledge of one another, and am prepared to admit without any re- every contribution, however small it servation that what he would have said may be, is helpful and I hope I may to you would have been of greater in- be helpful in that way when I get back terest than any remarks of mine can to the United States, and if I am fortun- possibly be. The Pan-Pacific Club ex- ate enough to be recalled to Tokyo I tends its hospitality to a variety of can assure you one of the pleasures to speakers on a variety of subjects. Some which I shall look forward is renewing of these speakers are wise and some my acquaintance with you all here at otherwise. I am one of the latter so I the Pan-Pacific Club. crave your indulgence. Thank you very much for asking me We have free discussions in this Club to be with you today. and that is fortunate because if they Mr. D. H. Blake: were not free there would be occasions when our attendance would be very Prince Tokugawa has said it was a limited. We come here usually more great disappointment to us that His Ex- for mental exhilaration than for phys- cellency General Pabst, Minister of the ical sustenance but there are times when Netherlands, cannot be with us today, we go away insufficiently nourished and in view of the fact that I am more or both in mind and body. I can quite less substituting for him, I think when candidly say that during the two and you hear my speech and make a mental a half years that I have attended these comparison, you will have every reason weekly gatherings I have found them to be disappointed. both pleasurable and profitable. There When I went home last night my is I think no other organization in wife said she had been down to her Japan where East and West come toge- Japanese Bank to draw out some money ther on a basis of such absolute equal- preparatory to departure. She told the clerk, a very kindly, courteous young ity and sincere friendship. man who had waited on her for about We are all inspired by a keen desire two years, that she was shortly going to promote the principles which the away and he said, "I am very sorry, founders of this organization had in I hope you won't come back." On mind, and I think the fact is established thinking of this it reminded me of the that the longer we continue our efforts Pan-Pacific Club, of those who are hon- the more anxious we are to succeed and ored prior to their departure. Some of the more hopeful we are of the future. THE MID -PACIFIC 155

We are all sufficiently intelligent to ing rightly, in acting correctly and in realize that the Pacific Ocean is a assisting others to do the same. fairly large body of water and that around its borders are located many We are fortunate in having here in countries with large populations and Tokyo an organization such as the Pan- with diversified interests and with ideals Pacific Club which provides the channel and aspirations which do not harmon- through which our efforts and energies ize. We have some peoples represent- may take practical form. We are even ing the highest degree of civilization more fortunate that we have gentlemen who stand for the best there is in edu- at the head of this organization who cation, culture and refinement and who have devoted years of constructive and are anxious to do their part toward the intelligent thought to the subjects of betterment of mankind and to encour- international friendship, and interna- age and assist any enterprise or move- tional peace, and we therefore feel that ment that has that end in view. On their leadership is a valuable asset. the other hand there are other peoples I feel that this Club has had a useful in this vast area who are just emerging career up to this time and has fully into the light of civilization and from justified the anticipations of its founder whom we can expect very little assist- and I firmly believe that it has the ance in the near future in the attain- future possibility of a wider sphere of ment of the object we have in mind. activity and usefulness. The idea of universal peace around In going home I shall take with me the Pacific is one that appeals to the very happy recollections of the associa- imagination and is certainly a goal that tions and friendships I have formed is well worth striving for. Peace does with a great many of our members and exist here now and has existed for a it will be my pleasure as far as op- number of years and it must be the portunity offers and my ability allows, earnest hope of all of us that such a during my absence to give to my condition may continue for an indefinite friends in the United States a correct period. The part that any one indi- interpretation of Japanese ideas on the vidual or any one organization can play subject of our international relations. in this great objective of keeping the I shall look forward with great plea- peace is necessarily small but there is sure to my return to Japan and to a a part that all of us can play in think- continuation of my work in this Club. I 56 THE MID-PACIFIC THE MID-PACIFIC 157

9 Brave Deeds at Sea ,1 (At the Pan-Pacific Club of Tokyo, June 25, 1926. Dr. Fujisawa, presiding)

Dr. Fujisawa.—First of all I wish to ther, but its spiritual significance— ask you to stretch your imaginations using the word spiritual in the sense and think that Prince Tokugawa is not which seems to have been in the mind with us, that he did not come in in a of Tagore when lie addressed us year breathless hurry in his evening clothes before last—seems to be fittingly in- and decorations, and that you have no cluded under a still more comprehensive suspicion that our chairman will not scope of activities for which I venture soon be coming- similarly attired. to suggest the name "Pan-Humanity." Today happens to be the felicitous So much the more do I regret that this birthday of Her Majesty the Empress. meeting is not presided over by some I might say also that today is the one worthy of the occasion. twenty-fourth birthday of His Imperial Now, ladies and gentlemen, I have Highness Prince Chichibu, who as we much pleasure in telling you that we all know is already in England cement- have with us today Mr. E. H. Holmes, ing the already close ties of friendship H. B. M. Consul-General at Yokohama, and mutual esteem of the Island Em- who is going to favor us with a brief pires of the East and the West, in order address, Captain S. Ota, Commanding to make them even closer were it pos- Officer of the cruiser Kasuga, whose sible. There is a court function which able leadership contributed in no small most of the dignitaries belonging to measure to the clocklike progress of the our Club have to attend. It was on work of rescue, Lieutenant Commander this account that such a nonenity as A. Goto, commanding officer of the myself was asked to act as chairman on destroyer Urakase which struggled the present occasion. against heavy winds and roaring waves Now, today's gathering, it appears to three days and three nights in the me, stands unique among meetings of arduous task of rescue, and Lieutenant our Club in a noteworthy aspect. I Commander Shozo Sakabo of the Mito need hardly mention that the scope of school of swimming fame and First the activities of our Club is wide and Class Sailor Kikuo Kanai, who in multifarious, being coextensive with the jumping into the sea carrying lifelines mighty expanse of the Pacific Ocean to the wrecked steamer, tested to the and as diversified as to include every- utmost the strength of human brother- thing which might occur in this vast hood and love in conquering the devour- expanse of water and immense tracts of ing billows. I believe I am only meet- land whose shores are washed by the ing halfway the wishes of Captain Ota waters of the Pacific. And yet, the in- and lieutenant Commander Goto in ex- cident which we are going to commem- pressing our gratitude and admiration orate today seems even to transcend the for the gallant work of all the officers already wide scope of the ordinary ac- and crew under their command. tivities of Pan-Pacific Clubs. It is true Though not present with us today I that the incident occurred in a lonely wish to be allowed to say a few words spot in the Pacific Ocean not very far concerning two of the seventy-three from where we are now gathered toge- members of the ill-fated City of Naples. 158 THE MID-PACIFIC

Captain R. C. O'Connor has done, true these two boats promptly responding to to the lofty spirit of British seaman- the call of humanity made supreme ship, his best under the inevitable efforts for the rescue and only left the circumstances resulting from fighting scene of disaster when nothing further the elements. He was the last to leave could have possibly been done. the ship and left then most reluctantly Lastly, even my tottering age would and only yielded to the persistent entrea- be a poor excuse for the unpardonable ties of the rescuer to whom he felt un- forgetfulness, were I to let pass this bounded gratitude for having saved opportunity of expressing the profound lives dearer than his own. I wish also gratitude we owe to the officers and to mention Mr. McLennan, a youthful crew of the American tanker, the Java wireless operator. He was the one who Arrow, who gallantly rescued but a sent out the message of distress, and in few months ago the crew of our Daisan obedience to the historic Nelson signal Daishin Maru which had been hope- stood by his duty under the most try- lessly drifting about for many weary ing conditions, and who was thus in- days in the desolate midst of the Pacific directly instrumental in helping our Ocean. Navy accomplish the deed which was Now, our honored guests, in spite of worthy of the noblest traditions of the our Spartan frugality in the more sea. In this connection I believe it is matter of fact aspect of our gathering, only fair to recall the rescue work, which may perhaps be a happy re- though unsuccessful, done by the Kinkai minder of the privation experienced on Yusen Kaisha freighter, the Chefoo the wrecked vessel, please be assured Maru, and the special service boat the that our feelings both for the rescued Sekiro. We feel most agreeably grati- and the rescuer are deep and sincere, fied to be told by no less an authority coming as they do from the bottom of than Captain O'Connor himself, that our hearts.

.L,LTZ.IW,C2K7IIKT •• 1m • ,,_ ...,,,,,,,,__.n...., An Address by E. H. Holmes • B. H. M. Consul General, of Yokohama • I• ...finuanicionclnianntroncanl a r,(rciff,nn---yAthoni—clunnffunn-ani-L

I appreciate more than I can possibly of Her Majesty the Empress, whom we tell you the honor which the President are delighted to know is in good health, and members of the Pan-Pacific Club and of His Highness Prince Chichibu have done me in inviting me to this who is at present the honored guest in gathering today and in extending to our country. me the privilege of speaking a few On June 15th occurred a tragedy of words which I promise you will be the sea which, disastrous as were its brief, on an occasion which has consequences, was not, thanks to the touched the hearts of all Britons. I signal services rendered by vessels of more especially appreciate this honor the Japanese Navy and Mercantile in view of the fact that this is a most Marine, attended by any loss of life, auspicious day for Japan, the birthday and which has forged yet another link THE MID-PACIFIC 159 in the long chain begun many years and after much difficulty and danger ago which binds Great Britain to succeeded in grappling the wire which Japan in friendship and mutual regard. had been cast out and buoyed by the The British steamship City of City of Naples, to which was then Naples, left Kobe on June 13th last fastened a inch wire cable, which in a heavy gale and under lowering was paid out from the City of Naples skies, bound for Yokohama. On ap- until 260 fathoms in all were out. proaching the Isa Peninsula the wind He then attempted to secure this increased to almost typhoon force, the heavy cable, by which to lower the seas were terrific, and in the murky crew from the wreck, by means of his weather she was unable to see the boats, but owing to the high seas was lights which should have guided her not successful, and having passengers on a safe course. The effect of the on board was obliged to leave the storm was to increase the force and wreck, signalling that further assistance alter the direction of the current which would arrive by daylight. she should normally have expected, and The Captain of the City of Naples in- unknown to her officers she was set formed me that these gallant efforts many miles to the southward. were marked by the finest possible sea- At 2:50 on the morning of June 15th manship, and that the eventual rescue the City of Naples. struck on the of the crew was largely due to the Keni-au Rocks, which she should have services of the Chefoo Maru. cleared by no less than 30 miles. On The next day at daylight the Jap- these rocks she pounded and was bat- ese destroyer Urakase arrived followed tered, and shortly after broke in two shortly by the cruiser Kasuga. The amidships, her master, who had gone to Urakase launched a boat and succeeded his room to endeavor to save her papers in making fast to the wire cable, the and other documents of value, having end of which had sunk to the bottom, a narrow escape. Her crew were and the first of the crew were then mustered on the poop where they anxi- lowered into her boat by an improvised ously awaited the relief which had been breeches buoy. The boats of the Ka- promised in response to her wireless suga then arrived and by 8 :30 the cap- appeal for assistance. tain, the last to leave his ship, reached In the afternoon of the same day the the Kasuga in safety, and she then pro- Japanese Naval Oil Tanker Iro and ceeded to Yokohama where she landed the steamship Chefoo Maru of the the ship's complement without a casu- Nippon Yusen Kaisha appeared, but alty. were unable to render immediate assist- Nothing could have exceeded not only ance on account of the strong wind and the skill with which the rescue was heavy sea, and the Iro soon after left effected, but the kindness and sympathy the scene of the wreck. The Chefoo shown to the shipwrecked men both on Maru stood by the wrecked vessel for board the rescuing vessels and on their over 24 hours in the most difficult and arrival in Yokohama. The memory of dangerous conditions. their rescue and of the kindly treatment I have heard the official testimony of which they received will remain with the Captain of the City of Naples and them all their lives. he has told me even more emphatically As a Briton I feel a justifiable glow in private conversation that nothing at this display of gallantry and human- could have excelled the seamanship and ity, for we take pride in the fact that skill with which the Captain of the British seamen have taken a great part Chefoo Maru manoeuvered his ship, in the training of the Japanese Navy 160 THE MID-PACIFIC and Mercantile Marine in their early valuable lives, for there was a grave days, and these events fulfill the noblest risk that at any time the remaining traditions of the sea, and prove that the portion of the vessel would have slip- Japanese seaman today is equal to the ped from the rock on which it hung best of any national in skill, resource and sunk, carrying with it the whole and bravery. The Captain has referred ship's complement. in high terms to the action of the Lieu- tenant-Commander of the Kasuga, who In the name of the Master, Officers is present here today, and of a seaman and Crew and of my fellow-countrymen, of the same ship, who swam from one I would express to those at this table, of her boats to the rock and aided and more especially to the officers of materially in the work of rescue. This the Kasuga and Urakase, and other was no foolhardy feat, but inspired by Japanese naval officers and representa- the sense of duty, was a gallant and tives of the Japanese Mercantile Marine, fine action. my profound appreciation of a deed The events which I have described which will take a high place in the place Great Britain in the debt of her annals of the Japanese sea service, and sister Island Empire. They were the which will long be remembered in my means of saving more than seventy country.

A bit of the Imperial Hotel, Tokyo. where the weekly luncheons of the Pan-Pacific Club are held. THE MID-PACIFIC 161

Wiliriviir:71112,11v0711K7IIVIIK71117..,13..7,1,117..purwurununcrucil..crIurivriunullunurnuniunulavtiv(i An Address by Captain S. Ota (Interpreted by Mr. Inui)

Simply because it has been our priv- Captain and crew of the City of Naples ilege to do our little bit in connection feel that they were to be safely. rescued. with assisting in the rescue of the Although Commander Sakabe and Sea- steamer City of Naples the other day, man Kanai are under my command I this splendid gathering in testimony of should like to pay the warmest tribute our work has been arranged for us, for to their gallantry and bravery. which we are indeed truly grateful. When the Captain and crew of the The reasons that made it possible for City of Naples were safely brought on us to undertake the task were in the first board the Kasuga I thought that the place largely due to the fact that Ad- Captain might feel embarrassed, there- miral Kato, the Commander of the fore I did not see him immediately and Naval Station of Yokosuka, assigned I let a Lieutenant-Commander under us to the duty, and secondly because my command receive them. Prepara- Captain O'Connor, of the City of tions were made for the rescued seamen Naples, was such a capable seaman. As that they would first have a bath and for our share in the work we simply than a sleep. After about six hours of performed our part of the responsibility rest when we were about to take a and nothing more. photograph, I saw Captain O'Connor. The City of Naples had had one of When he came to me I stretched out the most perilous and arduous voyages my hand and he grasped it and said in her history, and I take it, as far as "Oh Captain," with tears running from I can see, there was no fault on the his eyes. I knew at once that he had part of the Captain or the crew. I note done his best and had it not been for also that in meeting the situation Cap- the 72 lives under his command he tain O'Connor displayed splendid sea- would have shared the fate of his manship—there was no hitch at all, for steamer. I saw then from his eyes he instance, in gathering 73 of his crew preferred not to be judged by the hard in the stern in the midst of the confu- cold laws made by men but rather by sion and turmoil. Also the food and the Unseen Judgment above. tobacco were saved and taken to the Captain O'Connor is a splendid ex- stern. In lowering the men from the ample of British seamanship, and has wrecked steamer Captain O'Connor had 40 years' experience on the sea. I called each man by name and he took was glad to learn this morning that the his place and one by one they left the Marine Inquiry Board have acquitted ship in perfect order. At last the him of any liability for the disaster. Captain lowered the British flag and With my deepest feelings of sympathy left the ship after all the men were off. for Captain O'Connor I am praying for Lieutenant Commander Sakabe and the future health and happiness of Seaman Kanai were with him. In himself and his crew. sending Lieutenant-Commander Sakabe On behalf of the officers and crews and Seaman Kanai to the ill-fated of the Kasuga and Urakase I wish to steamer I thought we would make the thank you once more for your hos- 162 THE MID-PACIFIC

pitality and pray for the prosperity of tues are never so notably displayed as your club that it may continue to work when seamen are engaged in rescuing for the good of humanity. brother seamen in peril of their lives. Dr. Fujisawa: I have great pleasure We are all proud of the work of the in transmitting the surprise message men of the Imperial Japanese Navy, from both Prince Tokugawa and Vis- of the prompt way in which they re- count Inouye, the President of this sponded to the call of the City of club, who are at this very moment at Naples and their achievement in bring- the Imperial Palace (no they're not) ing to safety 73 officers and men of the saying that they will run up here as doomed steamer, without a single soon as the function at the Palace is mishap. By the brave action of our over. Their hope, which I am sure, all modern Samurai, they have brought of you will reciprocate, is to reach this closer together the peoples of the two place before we break up. Anticipating Island Empires. Permit me to con- the pleasure of joining us they have gratulate Captain Ota of the Kasuga, even apologized for appearing in their Commander Goto of the Urakase and evening clothes. Thus you see though their men. Lieutenant Commander their bodies are not here their spirits Sakabe and First-Class Seaman Kanai, are with us (even at this very moment for their gallant and heroic deed. we have them both in spirit and We should have liked to have seen body). So I consider this to be a very representatives of the rescued men here rare opportunity for saying a few today. But all of us feel pleased, some words concerning them without giving of us may feel proud, that they will an appearance, however unreal, of flat- carry away with them from Japan tery. To Prince Tokugawa we owe memories that will never be effaced, more than to anyone else the inception not so much of the horrors of their and the prosperity of our club. experiences, but of the joy of rescue, of Viscount Inouye's zeal for our club the pleasure of being, after many days is such that though he has lately been of peril, once again on firm land and appointed Minister of Railways, he is among friends. willing on his own initiative to con- If we drank anything but water in tinue to preside at our weekly luncheons this gathering I would ask you to raise so far as they do not conflict with your glasses to the Imperial Japanese urgent official duties. Navy and to the men of the British Now I have the pleasure of asking Mercantile Marine. (The toast was the genuine Chairman to say a few drunk in water, all standing.) words to us. I wish to thank all of our guests for Viscount Inouye : giving us the opportunity of meeting This morning I attended a function them in person and I also wish to at the Imperial Court to celebrate the thank Mr. Inui who has taken the 42nd birthday of Her Imperial Majesty trouble of translating the address of the Empress. Although I am a late Captain Ota into English at such short corner at our luncheon and was not notice. Last but not least, I wish to sure even that I could be here at all, thank the authorities of the Admiralty I cannot allow the remarks of our who have allowed us to make these ar- Chairman to pass without a few words rangements, and who even changed the of support from me in his tribute to the sailing date of the Kasuga in order to brave men of our Imperial Navy. meet our wishes. I wish to thank Ad- The tradition of the sea is as old as miral Kato both for the rescue and the ages, and our common human vir- for permitting our guests to be with us. THE MID-PACIFIC 163

Peace in the Pacific By M. '1'. YAM- ■OTO (At the Pan-Pacific Club, Friday, July 2, 1926) -

According to my watch I am to be is not like the nationalism prevailing permitted to speak for a few minutes at the time of Bismarck. Present day and my subj ect will be "A Menace to nationalism means that a man wants his Peace on the Pacific." Some people de- country to be the greatest nation, and clare that they are not interested in the greatest nation is the one who takes peace talk. I understand their position. to heart her duty and mission to the na- A peace talk of a certain kind has tions of the world. This world of ours done more harm to the cause of peace made up of so many different nations than anything else. Let it be clearly will grow better and greater if each indi- understood at the outset that we desire divual nation grows greater and better. If peace, not because we are afraid of one nation sinks down it will surely bring war, but because we hate war. We desire about interational trouble of some kind, peace not because we lack confidence even as the sinking of the bed of the ocean in our army and navy but because we at one point causes troubled waters and believe a nation is secure and her na- even affects the land. We wish to see tional rig hts and interests can best be each nation developing her latent possibili- preserved by pursuing a policy of in- ties to the greatest extent and being of ternational accord, rather than a policy help to the progress of civilization. of selfish aggression. We will all ag ree Broad internationalism lies in nation- that international defense is a matter of alism—the right kind of nationalism that necessity in our present stage of civili- believes in peace and international co- zation. The army and navy are receiv- operation. ing due attention and care. The soldiers and the sailors should be honored If I am asked what I mean by a everywhere and by every person for on menace to peace in the Pacific I should them fall the plans of defence. Aviation answer the question in a single phrase, "The wrong ought by all means to be encouraged, kind of nationalism." Na- not for the reason that it serves to take tionalism that is tinged with narrow- human lives but for the reason that mindedness and a passion for power—a this science serves as one of the great- nationalism that teaches that all other est means of communication and trans- nations of the world are their country's portation. By aeroplane men can go enemies not friends ; a nationalism that from Tokyo to London in five days. creates an international atmosphere of doubt, f ear and distrust ; a nationalism The idea of peace is not against avia- that permits the Powers to plung tion nor against the army or navy. e into reckless naval competition. It is idle to One of the popular misbelief s is that deny that some people in our own coun- the idea of peace is inconsistent with try as well as other countries want the the idea of nationalism. It is true number of submarines and auxiliary ves- that the idea of peace. is inconsistent sels to be greatly increased. They de- with the wrong kind of nationalism but clared that the Washington treaties are it is consistent with the right kind of not clear with regard to the matter of nationalism. The nationalism of today auxiliary warcraft.• Indeed the Was h - 164 THE MID-PACIFIC ington treaties may not be effective, they understanding can be brought about by may be incomplete in regard to the mat- the efforts of statesmen alone, or ter of auxiliary ships, but it should be through any one class of society. There remembered that the spirit in which the are five great institutions that are the Washington Conference was concluded foundations of all nations. They are— was to limit the building of all types of the home, school, church, business and ships as much as circumstances would government. It is through the united permit. Moot points in the Washington efforts of homes, teachers, clergymen, treaties are to be translated broadly for businessmen as well as statesmen, that nowhere do people want another disas- nations shall be brought into a knowledge trous war. of each other. In its last analysis the problem of Gentlemen, this naval race is a men- international peace is one of character ace not only to international safety but building. The character of our nation also to the internal security of a nation. should become ever broader and broader, Today every nation is taxed to the limit even to embrace an active interest in and the larger portion of national ex- things foreign and in building up a penditures goes to national defence. In character which no one can ignore. The our own country nearly one-third of the work of mothers and teachers is most total government expenditure is turned important, a little thoughtfulness on their to the army and navy. Can we expect part will have a tremendous effect on any people to suffer in silence and en- the development of our nation's char- dure the constantly increasing burden of acter. In promoting the work of peace taxation ? The naval race which means the work of mothers and teachers is just excessive taxation is bound to lead the as important a factor as that of states- people into a feeling of dissatisfaction men. The work of international good which might result in revolt, even in rev- understanding can be and should be car- olution. There can be no doubt that the ried on at the home fireside, in the one thing essential to the preservation of schoolroom and at such meetings as this peace in the Pacific is a complete under- and by men everywhere and of every standing between the nations of the Pacific, a complete understanding not profession, just as earnestly and faith- only on the question of the limitation of fully as the statesmen work to that end armaments but on each others difficulties at Versailles and Washington. and struggles, each others hopes and r. Yamamoto concluded his address ambitions. It is useless to say such with a quotation from Kipling. VOLUME 2. JANUARY-MARCH, 1927 NUMBER 1.

JOURNAL

OF THE Pan-Pacific Research Institution

A Periodical Record of Investigations Bearing on Problems of Food Production, Distribution, Conservation and Consumption, as well as on Public Health, and Race and Population Problems as Related to the Countries Bordering on the Pacific.

CONTENTS

A Check-List of Fishes Recorded from Fijian Waters By Gilbert P. Whitley, of the Australian Museum, Sydney

A Check-List of the Fishes of New Zealand

By W. J. Phillipps, F. L. S., Dominion Museum, Wellington, New Zealand

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY AT HONOLULU. HAWAII BY THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION At the Pan-Pacific Research Institution The Pan-Pacific Research Institution, The cooperation of scientists engaged an outgrowth of the First Pan-Pacific in research work in any part of the Pa- Food Conservation Conference, is de- cific is solicited, and a cordial invitation veloping into an organization of actual is extended to those attacking the prob- and active research workers interested in lems of food production and distribution the economic problems of food, transpor- to visit the Institution buildings in tation, and population throughout the Honolulu as guests. Pacific area. It is hoped that cooperating councils of For the local work and service in the Institution may be established in each Honolulu, spacious grounds and buildings and every Pacific land. Those already have been set aside by the Pan-Pacific appointed in Hawaii are : Union (through the generosity of the Aquatic Resources Council, Dr. David Starr Castle family). These buildings in Jordan, chairman. Plant Constituent Council, Dr. Nils P. Lar- Manoa Valley can conveniently house sen, chairman. some forty visiting scientists, and it is Crop Development Council, Prof. V. G. proposed that research workers from Krauss, chairman. every part of the Pacific will be invited Race and Population Study Council, Kilmer 0. Moe, chairman. to make their home here while pursuing Health and Sanitation Council, Dr. C. B. research work in Hawaii. Cooper, chairman. The Union has entertained at the In- Pan-Pacific Botanic Garden Council, Willis T. Pope, chairman. stitution a number of distinguished Animal Husbandry Council, Prof. L. A. scientists from Australia, New Zealand, Henke, chairman. Canada, the United States, China, Korea, Meteorological and Topographical Council, E. A. Beals, chairman. and Japan. Small Pan-Pacific confer- Legislative Council, Col. F. M. Brown, ences of leading men in many lines of chairman. thought and action it is hoped will gather Entomological Council, Prof. J. F. Illing- at the Institution in. Honolulu as guests worth, chairman. of the Union. Here they may live, work, A limited number of students are ac- and plan together. Here the First Pan- cepted at the Institution, a building on Pacific Fisheries Conference was held the grounds being set aside for their oc- with Dr. David Starr Jordan as chair- cupancy, the Union financing their tui- man and resident at the Institution for tion, they giving certain hours as helpers some months, in close conference with at the Institution. ichthyologists from every part of the The first number of the Journal Pacific. Out of this conference has contained a "Check-list of the Fish of grown a work undertaken by the Insti- Hawaii" by Dr. David Starr Jordan and tution of publishing in its Journal check Dr. Barton Warren Evermann ; the sec- lists of the fish of every Pacific country, ond, a list of the "Institutes for Research these to be bound together finally in a Work in the Interest of Agriculture in single volume containing a check list of the Netherlands Indies," by Dr. P. J. S. the fish of the Pacific. Cramer.; the third number a list of "In- Councils of the Pan-Pacific Research stitutions for Research Work in the Ter- Institution are at work on check lists in ritory of Hawaii." The present number the several Pacific lands and islands of contains a "Check-List of the Fish of the indigenous trees and plants as well as Fiji," by Gilbert P. Whitley of the Aus- of their natural enemies and the parasites tralian Museum, Sydney, and a similar that destroy these injurious insects, these list of the fish of New Zealand prepared check lists to be published from time to by W. J. Phillipps, F. L. S., Dominion time in the Journal of the Institution. Museum, Wellington. JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION 3 A Check List of Fishes Recorded from Fijian Waters. By GILBERT P. WHITLEY Australian Museum, Sydney.* HE fish-fauna of Fiji as a whole 1859-70 Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. i-viii. Tappears to have escaped treatment by 1869 Schmeltz, Mus. Godeffroy Cat. iv, Pisces, pp. 12-29. ichthyologists. Species were described, 1874 Schmeltz, Mus. Godeffroy Cat. v, a few at a time, in scattered publications Pisces, pp. 21-41, 203-207. for many years but no attempt at a fist 1880 Gunther, Rept. Voy. Challenger i. 6, PP. 33-36. of the fishes of the group was made until 1884 Pohl, Mus. Godeffroy Cat. ix, Pisces, 1906, when Jordan and Seale's Provision- PP. 25-46. al Check-List of the Fishes of Oceania 1903 Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. 8, pp. 229-240. (Bull. U. S. Fish. Bur., vol. xxv) was 1906 Jordan and Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. published. Owing largely to collections Fish, xxv, pp. 173-455. made by H.M.S. "Challenger" and the 1908 Jordan and Dickerson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxxiv, pp. 603-617. U.S.S. "Albatross," many species have 1909 Gunther, Fische der Sfidsee viii, pp. been recorded since the appearance of 261-388. that monumental work. 1910 Gunther, Fische der Sildsee ix, pp. 389-515. This list is not presumed to be com- 1911 Kendall & Goldsborough, Mem. Mus. plete, since any collector could doubtless Comp. Zool. xxvi, 7, pp. 241-344. 1911-22 Weber & de Beaufort, Fish. Indo- procure many unrecorded species during Austr. Archip. i-iv. a stay in Fiji ; it is merely presented as 1915 Duncker, Mitteil. Natur. Mus. Hamb. a help towards future work on the prin- xxxii, pp. 9-120. 1923 Fowler & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. ciple that a bundle of faggots is better Mus. lxiii, pp. 1-27. than a number of loose sticks. Species 1923 Dean, Bibliogr. Fishes iii, p. 456. doubtfully or wrongly recorded from 1925 Schmidt, Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter, naturv. math. (8) x. 4, pp. Fiji are not listed. Sufficient data are 329-382. not available to enable inclusion of the 1926 Jordan & Evermann, Journ. Pan- bathymetrical distribution, commercial Pacif. Res. Inst. i. 1, pp. 3-15. 1926 value, or vernacular names of the spe- Whitley, Austr. Mus. Magazine ii. Io, PP. 353-356. cies, but Jordan and Evermann's Check- Family i. CARCHARHINIDAE. List of the Fishes of Hawaii (1926) will 1. Carcharhinus gangeticus Muller & Henle. be found useful in these respects. I 2. Carcharhinus insularum Snyder. 3. Carcharhinus melanopterus Quoy & Gai- have followed fairly closely the plan of mard. that paper in this contribution, believing Family ii. SPHYRNIDAE. that such uniformity will prove more 4. Sphyrna zygaena Linnaeus. helpful to Pan-Pacific workers. Family iii. SQUALIDAE. The card-index to Australian ichthyo- 5. IsistiuS brasiliensis Quoy & Gaimard. logical literature compiled by my late Family iv. ELOPIDAE. friend and senior colleague, Mr. Allan 6. Elops hawaiensis Regan. Family v. MEGALOPIDAE. R. McCulloch, has been of great assist- 7. Megalops cyprinoides Broussonet. ance to me in regard to references and Family vi. CHANIDAE. nomenclature. 8. Chanos chanos Forskal. The principal literature consulted is as Family vii. DUSSUMIERIIDAE. follows : 9. Spratelloides gracilis Temminck & Schlegel. • By permission of the Trustees of the Australian Family viii. CLUPEIDAE. Museum. To. Harengula punctata Riippell. 4 JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION

Ir. Harengula (Wilkesina) fijiense Fowler & Family xx. BELONIDAE. Bean. 63. Strongylura fijiense Fowler & Bean. 12. Sardinella gibbosa Bleeker. 64. Tylosurus giganteus Temminck & 13. Sardinella fimbriata Cuvier & Valen- Schlegel. ciennes. 65. Belone platyura Bennett. 14. Sardinella melanura Cuvier. Family xxi. HEMIRHAMPHIDAE. Family ix. SYNODONTIDAE. 66. Hemirhamphus far Forskal. 15. Trachinocephalus myops Forster. 67. Hemirhamphus dussumieri Cuvier & Va- 16. Synodus varius Lacepede. lenciennes. 17• Saurida gracilis Quoy & Gaimard. 68. Hemirhamphus laticeps Gunther. Family x. CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE. 69. Zenarchopterus dispar Cuvier & Valen- 18. Chlorophthalmus productus Giinther. ciennes. Family xi. MYCTOPHIDAE. 70. Zenarchopterus maculosus Garman 19. Myctophum dumerilii Bleeker. Family xxii. EXOCOETIDAE. Family xii. PLOTOSIDAE. 71. Cypselurus naresii Gunther. 20. Plotosus anguillaris Bloch. 72. Cypselurus ogilbyi Jordan & Snyder. 21. Plotosus canius Hamilton-Buchanan. 73. Cypselurus spilonotopterus Bleeker. Family xiii. ANGUILLIDAE. Family xxiii. CORYPHAENOIDIDAE. 22. Anguilla fidjiensis Gunther. 74. Hymenocephalus longibarbus Gunther. 23. Anguilla mauritiana Bennett. 75. Lionurus microlepis Gunther. 24. Anguilla obscura Gunther. Family xxiv. SOLEIDAE. 25. Anguilla australis Richardson. 76. Soleichthys heterorhinos Bleeker. Family xiv. CONGRIDAE. 77. Microbuglossus nigrostriolatus Kner & 26. Conger fijiensis Ogilby. Steindachner. 27. Conger guttulatus Gunther. 28. Conger marginatus Valenciennes. Family xxv. BOTHIDAE. 29. Conger multidens Castelnau. 78. Bothus pantherinus Riippell. Family xv. ECHELIDAE. Family xxvi. HOLOCENT RIDAE. 3o. Muraenichthys gymnopterus Bleeker. 79. Myripristis hexagonus Lacepede. 3r. Myropterura laticaudata Ogilby. 80. Myripristis murdjan Forskal. Family xvi. MURAENESOCIDAE. 81. Holocentrus spinifer Forskal. 32. Muraenesox cinereus Forskal. 82._ Holocentrus punctatissimus Cuvier & Va- Family xvii. OPHICHTHYIDAE. lenciennes. 33• Bascanichthys pusillus Seale. 83. Holocentrus diadema Lacepede. 34. Ophichthys cephalozona Bleeker. 84. Holocentrus sammara Forskal. 35. Ophichthys bicolor Kaup. Family xxvii. ANOMALOPSIDAE. 36. Achirophichthys typus Gunther. 85. Anomalops palpebratus Boddaert. 37. Pisoodonophis cancrivorus Richardson. 38. Chlevastes colubrinus Boddaert. Family xxviii. FISTULARIIDAE. 39• Leiuranus. semicinctus Lay & Bennett. 86. Fistularia petimba Lacepede. 40. Sphagebranchus macrodon Bleeker. Sphagebranchus polyophthalmus Bleeker. Family xxix. SYNGNATHIDAE. 41. 87. Choerichthys sculptus Gunther. Family xviii. MORINGUIDAE. 88. Stigmatophora nigra Kaup. 42. Moringua macrocephala Bleeker. 89. Microphis brachyurus Bleeker. 43• Moringua microchir Bleeker. 90. Corythoichthys conspicillatus Jenyns. 44. Moringua abbreviata Bleeker. 91. Syngnathus semistriatus Kaup. 45• Moringua bicolor Kaup. 92. Doryrhamphus melanopleura Bleeker. 46. Moringua javanica Kaup. 93• Ichthyocampus sp. Garman 1903. 47. Moringua microchir Bleeker. 94• Hippocampus foliatus Perry. 48. Moringua lumbricoidea Richardson. Family xix. MURAENIDAE. Family xxx. ATHERINIDAE. 49. Gymnothorax ruppellii McClelland. 95. Atherina brachyptera Bleeker. 5o. Gymnothorax (siderea) pictus Ahl. 96. Atherina eendrachtensis Quoy & Gaimard. 51. Gymnothorax meleagris Shaw. 97. Hepsetia lacunosa Forskal. 52. Gymnothorax thyrsoidea Richardson. Family xxxi. MUGILIDAE. 53• Gymnothorax polyuranodon Bleeker. 98. Mugil kandavensis Glinther. 54• Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & 99. Liza vaigiensis Quoy & Gaimard. Schneider. too. Liza caeruleomaculata Lacepede. 55• Gymnothorax stellatus Lacepede. tor. Liza troscheli Bleeker. 56. Gymnothorax richardsonii Bleeker. 102. Liza melinopterus Cuvier & Valenciennes. 57. Gymnothorax undulatus Lacepede. 103. Agonostomus loaloa MacDonald. 58. Gymnothorax reticularis Bloch. 59• Gymnothorax halmaherensis Bleeker. Family xxxii. SPHYRAENIDAE. 6o. Uropterygius fijiensis Fowler & Bean. 104. Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier & Valenciennes. 61. Echidna nebulosa Ahl. 505. Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier & Valen- 62. Echidna zebra Shaw. ciennes. JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION 5 106. Sphyraena commersonii Cuvier & Vale n- ciennes. Family xlii. GRAMMISTIDAE. 155. Grammistes orientalis Bloch. 107. Sphyraena novae-hollandiae Gunther. Family. xxxiii. POLYNEMIDAE. Family xliii. PLESIOPIDAE. 156. 108. Polynemus plebeius Broussonet. Pharopteryx melas Bleeker. 157. Family xxxiv. SCOMBRIDAE. Pharopteryx nigricans Riippell. 109. Rastrelliger kanagurta Cuvier. Family xliv. PSEUDOCHROMIDAE. rio. Rastrelliger loo Cuvier & Valenciennes. 158. Pseudogramma polyacanthus Bleeker. Scomberomorus (Cybium) commerso Family xlv. LUTIANIDAE. Lacepede. 159. Lutianus aureovittatus Macleay. Family xxxv. CARANGIDAE. 16o. Lutianus gibbus Forskal. 772. Caranx parasitus Garman. 161. Lutianus kasmira Forskal. 113. Caranx regularis Garman. 162. Lutianus johni Bloch. 114. Caranx melampygus Cuvier & Valen- 163. Lutianus marginatus Cuvier & Valenci- ciennes. ennes. 115. Caranx jordani Nichols. 164. Lutianus semicinctus Quoy & Gaimard. 116. Caranx speciosus Forskal. 165. Lutianus rufolineatus Cuvier & Valenci- 117. Caranx forsteri Cuvier & Valenciennes. ennes. 118. Alectis indicus Riippell. 166. Lutianus fulviflamma Forskal. 119. Scomberoides sancti-petri Cuvier & Va 167. Lutianus macolor Cuvier & Valenciennes. lenciennes. 168. Lutianus carponotatus Richardson. 120. Scomberoides toolooparah RUppell. '69. Lutianus vitianus Hombron & Jacquinot. Family xxxvi GERRIDAE. 170. Aprion virescens Cuvier & Valenciennes. 121. Gerres oyena Forskal. 171. Nemipterus (synagris) latifrons Kner. 122. Gerres gigas Gunther. Family xlvi. CAESIONIDAE. 123. Gerres kapas Bleeker. 772. Caesio erythrogaster Kuhl & van Hasselt. Family xxxvi(a) LEIOGNATHIDAE. Family xlvii. POMADASIDAE. 124. Leiognathus equula 173. Plectorhynchus pica Cuvier & Valenci 125. Leiognathus splendens Cuvier. ennes. 126. Leiognathus smithursti Ramsay & Ogilby 174. Plectorhynchus chaetodontoides Lacepede 127. Leiognathus (Aurigequula) fasciatus 175. Plectorhynchus pictus Thunberg. Lacepede. 176. Euelatichthys obscurus Gunther. 128. Gazza minuta Bloch. 177. Scolopsis trilineata Kner. Family xxxvii. KUHLIIDAE. 178. Scolopsis bilineata Bloch. 129. Kuhlia rupestris Lacepede. 179. Scolopsis temporalis Cuvier & Valenci 13o. Kuhlia marginata Cuvier & Valenciennes ennes. 131. Kuhlia malo Cuvier & Valenciennes. Family xlviii. THERAPONIDAE. 132. Kuhlia munda De Vis. 180. Therapon jarbua Forskal. Family xxxviii. APOGONIDAE. 18/. Therapon maculatus Kendall & Goldsbor- 133. Apogon hyalosoma Bleeker. ough. 134. Apogon ceramensis Bleeker. 182. Therapon oxyrhynchus' Temminck & 135. Apogon quadrifasciatus Cuvier & Valen- Schlegel. ciennes. 183. Therapon servus Bloch. 136. Apogon crassiceps Garman. 184. Therapon argenteus Cuvier & Valenci- 137. Apogon frenatus Valenciennes. ennes. 138. Apogon fasciatus aroubiensis Hombron & 185. Therapon unicolor Gunther. - Jacquinot. 186. Pelates quadrilineatus Bloch. 139. Apogon fasciatus stevensi McCulloch. 140. Family xlix. LETHRINIDAE. Apogon savayensis Gunther. 187. Lethrinus haematopterus Temminck & 141. Apogon nubilis Garman. Schlegel. 142. Apogon monochrous Bleeker. 188. Lethrinus moensi Bleeker. 143. Apogon sangiensis Bleeker. 189. Lethrinus ramak Forskal. 144. Foa vaiulae Jordon & Seale. 19o. Lethrinus harak Forskal. Family xxxix. AMBASSIDAE. 191. Lethrinus nebulosus Forskal. 145. Ambassis urotaenia Bleeker. 192. Lethrinus mahsena Forskal. Family xl. MORONIDAE. 193. Lethrinus mahsenoides Bleeker. 146. Percalates colonorum Gunther (intro- Family 1. SPARIDAE. duced from Australia). 194. Monotaxis grandoculis Forskal. Family xli. EPINEPHELIDAE. 195. Monotaxis heterodon Gunther. 747. Plectropomus maculatus Bloch. Family li. MULLIDAE. 148. Epinephelus merra Bloch. 196. Upeneus vittatus Forskal. 149. Epinephelus pantherinus Lacepede. 197. Upeneus griseofrenatus Kner. 15o. Epinephelus maculatus Bloch. 198. Upeneus sulphureus Cuvier & Valenci- 151. Epinephelus ura Cuvier & Valenciennes. ennes. 152. Epinephelus hoevenii Bleeker. 199. Upeneus malabaricus Cuvier & Valenci- 153. Epinephelus summana Forskal. ennes. 154. Promicrops , lanceolatus Bloch. 200. Pseudupeneus taeniatus Kner. 6 JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION Family lxi. ACANTHURIDAE. 201. Pseudupeneus indicus Shaw. 202. Mulloides vanicolensis Cuvier & Valenci- 245. Teuthis nigricans Linnaeus. ennes. 246. Teuthis olivaceus Bloch & Schneider. Family Iii. CIRRHITIDAE. 247. Teuthis elongatus Lacepede. 203. Cirrhitichthys' oxycephalus Bleeker. 248. Teuthis blochii Cuvier & Valenciennes. Family liii. PLATACIDAE. 249. Teuthis gahm Forskal. 204. Platax orbicularis Forskal. 25o. Teuthis matoides Cuvier & Valenciennes. Family liv. MONODACTYLIDAE. 251. Teuthis triostegus Linnaeus. Monodactylus argenetus Linnaeus. 252. Teuthis guttatus Bloch & Schneider. 205. Teuthis glaucopareius Cuvier & Valen- Family lv. CARACANTHIDAE. 253. Amphiprionichthys unipinna Gray. ciennes. 206. 254. Acanthurus annulatus Quoy & Gaimard. 207. Amphiprionichthys apistus Bleeker. Acanthurus marginatus Cuvier & Valen- Amphiprionichthys villosus Kner. 255. 208. ciennes. Family lvi. SCORPAENIDAE. 256. Zebrasoma rhombeum Kittlitz. 209. Scorpaenodes polylepis Gunther. 257. Zebrasoma veliferum Bloch. 210. Scoroaenodes guamensis Quoy & Gai- mard. Family lxii. SIGANIDAE. 211. Scorpaena diabolus Cuvier & Valenciennes. 258. Siganus marmoratus Quoy & Gaimard. 212. Scorpaena zanzibarensis Playfair. 259. Siganus rostratus Cuvier & Valenciennes. 213. Setarches fidjiensis Gunther. 26o. Siganus doliatus Cuvier. 214. Sebastapistes galactacma Jenkins. 261. Siganus concatenatus Cuvier & Valenci- 215. Sebastapistes tristis Klunzinger. ennes. 216. Taenianotn s triacanthu s Lacepede. 262. Siganus vermiculatus Cuvier & Valenci- 217. Pterois (Brachirus) zebra Cuvier & Val- ennes. enciennes. 263. Siganus vitianus Sauvage. 218. Pterois (Brachirus) sausaulele Jordan & 264. Siganus oligostictus Kner. Seale. Siganus punctatus Bloch & Schneider. Pterois brachypterus Cuvier & Valenci- 265. 219. 266. Siganus striolatus Gunther. ennes. 220. Synanceja verrucosa Bloch & Schneider. Family lxiii. POMACENTRIDAE. 221. Amblyapistus taenianotus Cuvier & Va- 267. Pomacentrus tripunctatus Cuvier & Va- lenciennes. lenciennes. Family lvii. URA NOSCOPIDAE. 268. Pomacentrus scolopsis Quoy & Gaimard. 222. Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus Kner. 269. Pomacentrus nigricans Lacepede. Family lviii. CHAETODONTIDAE. 27o. Pomacentrus vitianus Sauvage. 223. Chaetodon baronessa Cuvier & Valenci- 271. Pomacentrus lividus Forster. ennes. 272. Pomacentrus albifasciatus S c hlegel & 224. Chaetodon reticulatus Cuvier & Valen- Muller. ciennes. 273. Glyphisodon cyaneus Quoy & Gaimard. 225. Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus. 274. Glyphisodon zonatus Cuvier & Valenci- 226. Chaetodon rafflesi Bennett. ennes. 227. Chaetodon melanotus Bloch & Schneider. 275. Glyphisodon xanthozona Bleeker. 228. Chaetodon citrinellus Broussonet. 276. Glyphisodon hemimelas Kner. 229. Chaetodon setifer Bloch. 277. Glyphisodon assimilis Gunther. 23o. Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier & Valen- 278. Glyphisodon amabilis De Vis. ciennes. 279. Glyphisodon coelestinus Cuvier & Valen- 231. Chaetodon trifasciatus Park. ciennes. 232. Megaprotodon plebeius Gmelin. 280. Glyphisodon uniocellatus' Quoy & Gai- 233. Heniochus varius Cuvier & Valenciennes. mard. 234. Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier & Valen- 281. Glyphisodon filholi Sauvage. ciennes. 282. Glyphisodon corneyi Jordan & Dickerson. 235. Heniochus macrolepidotus Linnaeus. 283. Glyphisodon leucozona Bleeker. 236. Holacanthus' flavissimus Cuvier & Valen- 284. Glyphisodon cingulatus Kner. ciennes. 285. Glyphisodon albofasciatus Hombron & 237. Holacanthus nicobariensis Bloch & Jacquinot. Schneider. 286. Chromis (Hoplochromis) caeruleus Cuvier 238. Holacanthus marianus Seale. & Valenciennes. 239. Holacanthus cyanonotis Gunther. 287. Dascyllus aruanus Linnaeus. 240. Holacanthus semicirculatus Cuvier & Va- 288. Dascyllus reticulatus Richardson. lenciennes. 289. Dascyllus unifasciatus Kner. 241. Holacanthus imperator Bloch. 29o. Dascyllus trimaculatus 242. Parachaetodon ocellatus Cuvier & Va- 291. Amphiprion percula Lacepede. lenciennes. 292. Amphiprion chrysopterus Cuvier & Valen- Family lix. ZANCLIDAE. ciennes. 243• Zanclus cornutus Linnaeus. 293. Amphiprion tricolor Gunther. Family lx. TOXOTIDAE. 294. Amphiprion polymnus Bloch. 244. Toxotes jaculator Pallas. 295. Amphiprion bicinctus JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION 7 Family lxiv. CORIDAE. 352. 296. Valenciennea longipinnis Lay & Bennett. Anampses geographicus Cuvier & Valen- 353. ciennes. Valenciennea strigata Broussonet. 354. Eleotris fusca Bloch & Schneider. 297. Anampses fidjiensis Sauvage. 355. 298. Ophiocara aporos Bleeker. Anampses pterophthalmus Bleeker. 356. Ophiocara hoedtii Bleeker. 299. Hinalea axillaris Quoy & Gaimard. 357. 300. Ophiocara cantoris Gunther. Labroides dimidiatus Cuvier & Valen- 358. Ophiocara ophiocephalus Kuhl & van Has- ciennes. selt. 301. Stethojulis strigiventer Bennett. 359. 302. Ophiocara macrolepidotus Bloch. Stethojulis albovittata Bonnaterre. 36o. Ophiocara porocephalus Bleeker. 303. Stethojulis filholi Sauvage. 36r. Hypseleotris cyprinoides Cuvier & Va- 304. Stethojulis renardi Bleeker. 305. lenciennes var. guntheri Bleeker. Stethojulis phekadopleura Bleeker. 362. Hypseleotris macrolepidotus Bloch. 306. Stethojulis interrupta Gunther. 363. 307. Asterropterix semipunctatus Riippell. Stethojulis kalosoma Bleeker. 364. Oxyeleotris marmorata Bleeker. 308. Leptojulis pardalis Kner. 309. Gomphosus varius Lacepede. Family lxix. GOBIIDAE. 31o. Halichoeres trimaculatus Quoy & Gai- 365. Periophthalmodon barbarus Linnaeus. mard 366. Periophthalmus. koelreuteri Pallas. 311. Halichoeres timorensis Bleeker. 367. Periophthalmus koelreuteri Pallas var. ar- 312. Halichoeres opercularis Gunther. gentilineatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. 313. Halichoeres binotopsis Bleeker. 368. Mugilogobius notospila Gunther. 314. Halichoeres daedalma Jordan & Seale. 369. Aboma graeffei Gunther. 315. Halichoeres pseudominiatus Bleeker. 370. Gobius omatus Riippell. 316. Halichoeres guttatus Bloch. 371. Stigmatogobius sadanundio Buchanan- 317. Halichoeres poecilus Richardson. Hamilton. 318. Halichoeres hortulanus Lacepede. 372. Bathygobius fuscus Riippell. 319. Halichoeres miniatus Cuvier & Valenci- 373. Bathygobius petrophilus Bleeker. ennes. 374. Chonophorus ocellaris' Broussonet. 32o. Macropharyngodon geoffroyi Quoy & Gai- 375. Chonophorus genivittatus Cuvier & Va- mard. lenciennes. 321. Thalassoma janseni Bleeker. 376. Amblygobius phalaena Cuvier & Valen- 322. Thalassoma aneitense Gunther. ciennes. 323. Thalassoma dorsale Quoy & Oaimard. 377. Amblygobius semicinctus Kner. 324. Chelio inermis Forskal. 378. Oxyurichthys ophthalmonemus Bleeker. 325. Coris annulata Lacepede. 379. Gobionellus atriclypeus Garman. 326. Coris' pulcherrima Gunther. 380. Gobiodon atrangulatus Garman. 327. Cheilinus trilobatus Lacepede. 38r. Gobiodon quinquestrigatus Cuvier & Va- 328. Cheilinus radiatus Bloch. lenciennes var. ceramensis Bleeker. 329. Cheilinus pulchellus Sauvage. 382. Sicydium lagocephalum Kner. 33o. Cheilinus diagrammus Lacepide. 383. Sicydium laticeps Cuvier & Valenciennes'. 33r. Cheilinus undulatus Riippell. 384. Sicyopterus taeniurus Gunther. 332. Cheilinus chlorurus Bloch. 385. Amblyopus totoyensis Garman. 333. Pseudocheilinus hexataellia Bleeker. 386. Paragobiodon echinocephalus Riippell. 334. Epibulus insidiator Pallas. Family lxx. PARAPERCIDAE. 335. Novaculichthys taeniurus Lacepede. 387. Parapercis tetracanthus Lacepede. 336. Novacula javanica Bleeker. 388. Parapercis hexophthalmus Ehrenberg. Family lxv. SPARISOMIDAE. 389. Parapercis cylindricus Bloch. 337. Scarichthys auritus Kuhl & van Hasselt. Family lxxi. CALLIONYMIDAE. Family lxvi. SCARIDAE. 39o. Callionymus calauropomus Richardson. 338. Scarus filholi Sauvage. 339. Scarus galena E. K. Jordan. Family lxxii. BLENNIIDAE. 34o. Scarus spilonotus Kner. 39r. Blennius canescens Garman. 341. Scarus spinus Kner. 392. Cirripectes sebae Cuvier & Valenciennes. 342. Scams nuchipunctatus Cuvier & Valen- 393. Salarias meleagris Cuvier & Valenciennes. ciennes. 394. Salarias oorti Bleeker. 343. Scarus microrhinos Bleeker. 395. Salarias alboguttatus Kner. 344. Scarus upolensis Jordan & Seale. 396. Salarias edentulus Bloch & Schneider. 345. Scarus brunneus Jenkins. 397. Salarias lineatus Bleeker. 346. Scarus spinidens Quoy & Gaimard. 398. Salarias sumatranus Bleeker. 347. Scarus gymnognathus Bleeker. 399. Salarias sertatus Garman. 348. Scams brachysoma Bleeker. 400. Salarias hasselti Bleeker. Salarias fasciatus Bloch. Family lxvii. ECHENEIDAE. 401. 402. Aspidontus taeniatus Quoy & Gaimard. 349. Remora remora Linnaeus. 403. Petroscirtes elongatus Peters. Family lxviii. ELEOTRIDAE. 404. Petroscirtes lineolatus Kner. 350. Bostrychus sinensis Lacepede. 405. Petroscirtes semilineatus Kner. 351. Valenciennea muralis Quoy & Gaimard. 406. Petroscirtes obliquus Garman. 8 JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION

407. Petroscirtes oualensis Gunther. APPENDIX ONE Petroscirtes atrodorsalis Gunther. 408. The fishes of Rotuma, a small island Family lxxiii. GOBIESOCIDAE. about 260 miles north by west of Fiji, Trachelochismus, pinnulatus Forster. 409. have been listed by Boulenger [Ann. Family lxxiv. FIERASFERIDAE. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xx, 1897, pp. 371- 410. Fierasfer homei Richardson. Jordanicus gracilis Bleeker. 374]. To that list may now be added : 411. Uropte- Family lxxv. BALISTIDAE. Gymnothorax zonipectus Seale, Riippell, Doryrhamphus 412. Balistes bursa Bloch & Schneider. rygius concolor 413. Balistes fuscus Bloch & Schneider. melanopleura Bleeker, Doryichthys pleu- 414. Balistes conspicillum Bloch & Schneider. Gunther, and Gomphosus pecto- Balistapus aculeatus Linnaeus. rotaenia 415. Quoy & Gaimard. 416. Balistapus cinctus Lacepede. ralis 417. Balistapus undulates Bloch & Schneider. 418. Abalistes stellaris Bloch & Schneider. Family lxxvi. MONACANTHIDAE. APPENDIX TWO 419. Oxymonacanthus longirostris Bloch & Having recently examined several in- Schneider. teresting species of fishes from the south- 420. Osbeckia ( ?) armata Garman. 421. Osbeckia scripta Osbeck. ern Pacific which do not appear to have 422. Monacanthus ruppelli Castelnau. been recorded from the localities at which Family lxxvii. TETRAODONTIDAE. they were obtained, I bring the follow- 423. Spheroides hypselogenion Bleeker. ing records before the notice of those 424. Tetraodon nigropunctatus Bloch & Schnei- der. interested in Pan-Pacific fishes. 425. Tetraodon hispidus Linnaeus. Chaetodon flavirostris Gunther, Cristi- 426. Tetraodon stellatus Bloch & Schneider. 427. Tetraodon immaculatus Bloch & Schnei- ceps argyropleura Kner, Tetraodon lac- der. rymatus Cuvier, and Coris cingulum La- 428. Tetraodon immaculatus Bloch & Schnei- cepede from Lord Howe Island ; Pterois der var. manillensis Proce. volitans Linnaeus from Tanna Island, Family lxxviii. CANTHIGASTERIDAE. New Hebrides ; Epinephelus pachycen- 429. Canthigaster bennettii Bleeker. 430. Canthigaster papua Bleeker. trum Cuvier & Valenciennes from the 431. Canthigaster papua Bleeker var. striola- Sir Edward Pellew Group, Gulf of Car- tus Bleeker. pentaria and Port Darwin, Northern Ter- Family lxxix. DIODONTIDAE. ritory of Australia ; Acanthidium quadri- 432. Diodon hystrix Linnaeus. spinosum McCulloch from off Bateman's Family lxxx. OSTRACIIDAE. Bay, New South Wales, and Uroptery- 433. Ostracion nasus Bloch. gius marmoratus Lacepede from off 434. Ostracion tuberculatus Linnaeus. 435. Lactoria cornuta Linnaeus. Montague Island, New South Wales. Family lxxxi. ANTENNARIIDAE. GILBERT P. WHITLEY. 436. Histrio histrio Linnaeus. 437. Antennarius hispidus Bloch & Schneider. The Australian Museum, 438. Antennarius coccineus Lesson & Garnot. Sydney, New South Wales. Family lxxxii. CHAUNACIDAE. st., 1926 439. Chaunax pictus Lowe. July 1 JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION 9 A Check List of the Fishes of New Zealand By W. J. PHILLIPPS, F.L.S.* Dominion Museum, Wellington, N. Z. (Published by request of the Pan-Pacific Research Institution.)

INTRODUCTION gard to the validity of his species In 1893, Gill (Mem. Nat. Acad. which were purposely omitted by Waite Sciences, 6, pp. 91-124) published the in his basic list. I have placed Stein- most exhaustive complete treatise on dachner's name after species which he New Zealand fishes which has yet ap- desci ibed, including them tentatively in peared. Previous catalogues of New the list of species known from New Zealand fishes are enumerated by him. Zealand. These are : Forster, 1801 ; Richardson, Abbreviations have been used as fol- 1842-43 ; Bleeker, 1855 ; Hutton, 1872; lows : Sherrin, 1886; Hutton, 1889. Ed. is an edible fish—that is a fish Since the publication of the above which I have actually found utilized as work by Gill the most important com- food in New Zealand. Some 93 in- plete work on New Zealand fishes has digenous fishes are actually eaten by been "A Basic List of the Fishes of the New Zealand public ; but nearly New Zealand" by Edgar R. Waite, half of these are only occasional visitors (Rec. Canterb. Mus. vol. 1, No. 1, 39 pp. or seen only in small numbers over long 1907). This admittedly pioneer work intervals. Lists of and notes on edible contained imperfections ; but its publica- fishes of New Zealand have been pub- tion has been of great benefit to ichthy- lished by me in N. Z. Journal of Science ology in New Zealand and Australia, and Technology, vol. 1, pp. 268-271, and to it I am indebted for much of the 1918 ; ibid. vol. 4, pp. 114-25, 1921, information on which this list is founded. ibid. vol. 5, pp. 91-97, 1922. Pel. is a pelagic or ocean-going In deciding the nomenclature of our species which normally lives some little fishes I am largely indebted to recent distance from land. These are free- works of the late A. R. McCulloch of swimming species not generally con- the Australian Museum. In particular fined in their distribution. In recent I have studied McCulloch's List of N. years several of these pelagic sporting S. W. Fishes, 1921, and a further work species have attracted the attention of by Waite entitled "Catalogue of the angling tourists and residents. Visitors Fishes of South Australia." (Rec. South from all parts of the world journey to Australia Mus., vol. 2, No. 1, 1921). I favored localities in the northern parts have also consulted recent works on of New Zealand where the mako shark, "The Genera of Fishes" by Dr. David Isurus glaucus, and two species of Starr Jordan. Xiphiiphormes (Sword Fishes) attain a In 1900, Steindachner (Denk. Ak. development unknown in the Northern Wiss. Wien. LXXX) recorded some ten Hemisphere. species from New Zealand. Unfor- Bath. (bathybial) indicates a bottom tunately I have not had access to Stein- fish or one found in deep water, gen- dachner's work and am uncertain in re- erally over 60 fathoms. Many of these • I have to thank Dr. David Starr Jordan and Mr. Gilbert P. Whitley for valuable assist- ance in connection with nomenclature. 10 JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION

fishes are covered with thick layers of Fe. denotes those fresh-water species minute silvery crystalline prisms and which make seasonal migration to have delicate scarlet fins while others brackish or salt water to spawn. These have luminous spots situated generally are the most prolific of our fresh water on the ventral surface. fishes, and include one species of great Mid. (mid-way) is a fish living in commercial importance, Galaxias atten- mid-water. Many of these species are uatus, the young of which constitute migratory and erratic in their occur- the New Zealand white-bait. rence. Most have color silver varying Most of the abbreviated terms used to blue and green. Small numbers of will be liable to change as we learn more these fishes may at intervals be taken of our fishes. in the trawl. INDIGENOUS FISHES Reef refers to a fish which is essen- Family Branchiostomidae. tially a rock-dweller. There are no Heteropleuron hectori Benham. Lancelet. R. coral reefs around New Zealand. The Family Eptatretidae. proportion of known reef-dwelling Eptatretus cirrhatus (Bloch and Sch.). Hag. species seem to prefer sandy bottoms S. Ed. T. Family Petromyzonidae. in the neighborhood of rocky forma- Geotria australis Gray. Southern Lamprey. tions. Fe. Ed. Geotria saccifera Regan. Northern Lamprey. S. denotes a species which is found Fe. Ed. close in shore as well as in rock-pools Family Hexanchidae. on the coast line. Notorhynchus pectorosus (Garman). Seven— gilled shark. Pel. R. indicates a species which is not Family Carcharhinidae. often taken and is generally considered Galeorhinus australis (Macleay). Southern Tope. T.S. rare. Many of these fish may be quite Carcharinus brachyurus (Gunther). Sharp- common were more known about them ; finned Whaler. Pel. R. but further research is needed. Nearly Carcharinus macrurus Rams. and Ogilb. Northern Whaler. Pel. half the total species in the check-list Prionace glauca (Linnaeus). Blue Shark. Pel. are so indicated. Family Sphyrnidae. Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus). Hammer-head T. is a fish recorded in trawler Shark. Pel. catches either by Waite or myself. Family Mustelidae. Something over one-quarter of our total Mustelus antarcticus' Gunther. Smooth Hound. Ed. Est. T. fish fauna find their way, into trawler Family Scyliorhinidae. catches ; and it is probable that con- Cephaloscyllium sabella (Broussonet). Carpet siderably more escape by burrowing in Shark. T. Scyllium chilense, p. 519, Steindachner. the sand or passing through the meshes Family Alopiidae. of the net. Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre). Thresher F. refers to a fish taken in fresh Shark. Pel. R. Family Cetorhinidae. water only. There are very few fishes Cetorhinus maximus (Gunner). Basking in New Zealand which live only in Shark. Pel. R. fresh waters, but some nine fresh-water Family Isuridae. Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre). Porbeagle Shark. species have never been recorded in Pel. R. brackish water. Were the full life his- Isurus glaucus (Muller and Henle). Mako Shark. Pel. tories of our fresh water fishes better Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus). White known it is probable that several of Pointer. Pel. R. these species would be found to occur Family Squalidae. Echinorhinus brucus Bonnaterre. Spinous in both fresh and brackish water. Shark. Pel. B. JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION 11

Oxynotus bruniensis (Ogilby). Spiny Dog- Family Stomiatidae. fish. Pel. R. Photichthys argenteus Hutton. Bath. R. Squalus fernandinus Molina. Spined Dog-fish. Maurolicus australis (Hector). Southern Pearl- Ed. T. side. Bath. Squalus megalops (Macleay). Piked Dog-fish. Argyropelecus intermedius Clarke. R. Mid. Idiacanthus niger Regan. R. Family Scymnorhinidae. Family Sudidae. Scymnorhinus licha (Bonnaterre). Pel. Chlorophthalmus nigripinnis Gunther. Bath. T. Euprotomicrus bispinatus (Quoy and Gaim.). R. Family Alepisauridae. Family Spinacidae. Plagyodus ferox Lowe. Pel. R. Centrophorus plunketi Waite. R. Family Myctophidae. Scymnodon sherwoodi Archey. R. Bathysaurus ferox Gunther. R. Family Narcobatidae. Bathysaurus gracilis (Gunther). R. Narcobatus fairchildi (Hutton). Electric Ray. Myctophum humboldti (Risso). Lantern Fish. Est. Ed. T. Bath. T. Myctophum hectoris (Gunther). R. Typhlonarke aysoni (Hamilton). Torpedo Ray. T. Myctophum coccoi Cocco. R. Rhinoscopelus coruscans (Richardson). R. Family Rajidae. Myctophum novae seelandiae, p. 513, Steindach- Raja nasuta Muller and Henle. Skate. Ed. T. ner. R. Arhynchobatis asperrimus Waite. Long-tailed Lampanyctus longipinnis Regan. R. Skate. R. T. Lampanyctus macropterus Brauer. R. Family Dasyatidae. Lampanyctus parvimanus (Gunther). R. Bath. Dasyatis brevicaudatus (Hutton). Smooth Family Anguillidae. Stingaree. T. Anguilla aucklandii Richardson. Tuna. Fe. Ed. Aetobatis tenuicaudatus (Hector). Eagle Ray. Anguilla australis Richardson. Matamoe. Fe. T. Ed. Family Chimaeridae. Family Leptocephalidae. Chimaera novae-zelandiae Fowler. R. Gnathopis habenata (Richardson). Silver Family Callorhynchidae. Eel. Ed. T. Callorhynchus milii Bory. Elephant Fish. Reef. Conger (Linnaeus). Conger Eel. Ed. S. T. T. Muraena nubila Richardson. R. Family Engraulidae. Muraena thysoidea, p. 514, Steindachner. Engraulis australis Shaw. Anchovy. Mid. Ed. Muraena krullii Hector. Yellow Eel. S. T. T. Family Myridae. Family Clupeidae. Muraenichthys australis Macleay. R. Sardinia neopilcharda Steindachner. Pilchard. Muraenichthys breviceps. Gunther. R. Mid. Ed. T. Family Ophichthyidae. Clupea antipodum (Hector). Sprat. Mid. Ed. Ophisurus novae-zealandiae Hector. Snake Eel. T R. Clupea muelleri Klunzinger. R. Family Synbranchidae. Chanos chanos (Forskal). Salmon-Herring. R. Aotea acus Phillipps. R. Family Galaxiidae. Family Notacanthidae. Galaxias alepidotus (Bloch and Sch.). F. Ed. Notacanthus sexspinnis Richardson. R. Galaxias fasciatus Gray. Kokopu. F. Ed. Galaxias brevipinnis Gunther. Gudgeon. F. Ed. Family Macrorhamphosidae. Galaxias lynx Hutton. Taiwharu. F. Ed. R. Macrorhamphosus scolopax (Linnaeus). Snipe Galaxias robinsonii. Clarke. F. Fish. T. Galaxias attenuatus (Jenyns). Minnow. Fe. Macrorhamphosus elevatus (Waite). R. Ed. Centriscops humerosus (Richardson). T. Galaxias huttoni Regan. Koaro. F. Ed. Centriscops sinuosus Regan. T. Galaxias burrowsii Phillipps. Canterbury mud- Notopogon xenosoma Regan. R. fish. P. Notopogon lilliei Regan. R. Neochanna apoda Gunther. Mud-fish. F. Family Syngnathidae. Family Gonorhynchidae. Syngnathus pelagicus Linnaeus. R. •Gonorhynchus gonorynchus (Linnaeus). Sand Syngnathus blainvillianus (Eydoux and Gerv.) Fish. Est. T. Reef. Short-snouted pipe-fish. T. Syngnathus n6rae Waite. Long-snouted pipe- Family Argentinidae. fish. T. Argentina elongata Hutton. Silver-side. Mid. Ichthyocampus filum Gunther. Common Pipe- T. fish. S. and B. Family Retropinnidae. Doryrhamphus elevatus (Hutton). R. Retropinna retropinna (Richardson). Smelt. Stigmatophora longirostris Hutton. R. Fe. Ed. Solegnathus spinosissimus' (Gunther). Spiny Family Aplochitonidae. Sea-horse. T. Prototroctes oxyrhynchus Gunther. Grayling. Hippocampus abdominalis Lesson. Common Fe. Ed. Sea-horse. S. T. 12 JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION

Family Scomberesocidae. Family Trachipteridae. Scomberesox forsteri Cuv. and Val. Skipper. Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin) Ribbon Ed. T. Fish. Bath. Trachipterus jacksonensis (Rai-may). R. Bath. Family Hemirhamphidae. Hemirhamphus intermedius Cantor. Gar-fish. Family Cepolidae. Ed. S. Cepola aotea Waite. Band Fish. T. Family Exocoetidae. Family Pleuronectidae. Evolantia microptera (Cuv. and Val.) Flying Caulopsetta scapha (Forster). Megrim. Ed. T. Fish. Pel. Caulopsetta boops (Hector). R. Exocoetus spilonotopterus Bleeker. R. Caulopsetta hectoris (Gunther). R. Cypselurus speculiger Cuv. and Val. Pel. Brachypleura novae-zeelandiae Gunther. R. Cypselurus ilma Clarke. R. Colistium nudipinnis (Waite.) Turbot. Ed. T. Cypselurus cribrosus (Kner). R. Colistium guntheri (Hutton.) Brill. Ed. T. Cypselurus melanocercus (Ogilby). Large Rhombosolea plebeia (Richardson). Sand Flying Fish. R. Flounder. Ed. S. and Est. T. Rhombosolea millari Waite. Yellow Flounder. Family Macrouridae. Ed. Est. Coelorhynchus australis (Richardson). Javelin Rhombosolea tapirina Gunther. Green-back Fish. Ed. T. Flounder. Ed. Coelorhynchus aspercephalus Waite. T. Rhombosolea retiaria Hutton. Black Flounder. Macrourus serrulatus (Gunther). R. Ed. Fe. Chalinura murrayi (Gunther). R. Apsetta thompsoni Kyle. R. Lepidorhyncus denticulatus (Richardson). R. Peltorhamphus novae-zeelandiae Gunther. Sole. Nematonurus armatus (Hector). R. Ed. S.tand T. Macruronus novae-zelandiae (Hector). Hoki. Pelotretis flavilatus Waite. Lemon Sole. Ed. T. Ed. T. Family Bothidae. Family Gadidae. Lophonectes mongonuiensis Regan. R. Merluccius gayi (Guichenot). Whiting. Ed. Family Atherinidae. Reef. T. Hepsetia pinguis (Lacepede). Hardyhead. R. Halargyreus johnsonii Gunther. R. Physiculus bachus (Bloch and Schn) Red Family Mugilidae. Cod. Reef Ed. Est. T. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus. Grey Mullet. Ed. Lotella rhacinus (Forster). Cloudy Bay Cod. Est. Reef Ed. Agonostomus forsteri Cuv. and Val. (Com- Lotella grandis, p. 509, Steindachner. R. monly called "Herring.") Yellow-eyed Mul- Gaidropsarus novae-zealandiae. R. let. Ed. Est. Auchenoceros punctatus (Hutton). Ahuru. Family Sphyraenidae. Reef. T. Sphyraena obtusata Coy. and Val. Pike. R. Mora pacifica Waite. R. Family Stromateidae. Family Berycidae. Cubiceps gracilis (Lowe). R. Trachichthodes affinis (Gunther). R. Seriolella punctata (Forster). Silver fish. Ed. Family Trachichthyidae. Mid. Hoplostethus elongatus (Gunther). Long Seriolella brama (Gunther). Warehou. Ed. Roughy. R. Reef. T. Hoplostethus intermedius (Hector). R. Seriolella porosa Guichenot. R. Paratrachichthys trailli (Hutton). Roughy. Centrolophus maoricus Ogilby. R. Ed. Reef. T. Centrolophus britannicus Gunther. R. Centrolophus huttoni Waite. R. Family Zeidae. Schedophilus porosus (Richardson). R. Zeus faber Linnaeus. John Dory. Ed. T. Hyperoglyphe porosa (Richardson). Bream Zenopsis nebulosus (Schlegel). Mirror Dory. Ed. Mid. Ed. Bath. T. Cubiceps caerulus Regan. R. Oreosoma atlanticum Cuv. and Val. R. Family Tetragonuridae. Family Cyttidae. Tetragonurus cuvieri Risso. R. Cyttus australis (Richardson). Boar Fish. Ed. Family Serranidae. Reef. Polyprion americanus (Bloch and Schn.). Cyttus novae-zelandiae (Arthur). Silver Dory. Bass Groper. Ed. Bath. Ed. T. Polyprion oxygen eios ( Bloch and Schn.) . Rhombocyttus traversi (Hutton). R. Groper or Hapuku. Ed. Reef. T. Diretmus argenteus Johnson. R. Bath. Hypoplectrodes semicinctus (Cuv. and Val.). Capromimus abbreviatus (Hector). Bath. T. Half-banded Sea-perch. R. Family Regalecidae. Caesioperca lepidoptera (Forster). Red Perch. Regalecus pacificus Haast. Oar Fish. Bath. Ed. B. Reef. Regalecus argenteus Parker. Bath. Callanthias splendens Griffin. R. Regalecus glesne (Ascanius). Bath. Caprodon longimanus (Gunther). Long-fin. Agrostichthys parkeri (Benham). R. Bath. Reef. Ed. JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION 13 Plagiogeneion rubiginosus (Hutton). R. Cheilodactylus vizonarius Saville-Kent. Mag- Serranops maculicanda Regan. R. pie Perch. R. Lepidoperca inornata Regan. R. Chironemus marmoratus Gunther. Kelp Fish. Family Gempyllidae. Ed. Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen). Barracouta. Mid. Chironemus spectabilis (Hutton). Red Moki. Ed. Est. T. Nanua. Reef. Ed. Jordanidia solandri (Cuv. and Val.) Hake or Mendosoma lineatuin Guichenot. R. Southern King-fish. T. Ed. Family Latridae. Epinephelus damelii Gunther. Black Rock ' Cod. R. Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster). Moki. Reef. Ed. Latridopsis xrosa (Hutton). Reef. Ed. R. Family Carangidae. Latris lineata (Forster). Trumpeter. Reef. Ed. Caranx platessa Cuv. and Val. Trevally. Mid. T. Est. T. Family Pomacentridae. Caranx speciosus, p. 495. Steindachner. Chromis dispilus Griffin. R. Decapterus koheru (Hector) Koheru. Mid. Family Scaridae. Ed. Est. Odax vittatus Richardson. Common Kelp-fish. Trachurus novae-zelandiae (Richardson). Mid. Ed. Horse Mackerel. Md. Ed. Est. T. Coridodax pullus (Forster). Butter-fish. Mid. Seriola lalandi (Cuvier and Val.) Kingfish. Mid. Ed. Ed. Family Labridae. Naucratus indicus (Cuvier and Val.) Pilot Fish. Pseudolabrus fucicola (Richardson). R. R. Pel. Pseudolabrus coccineus (Forster). Scarlet Par- Evistius huttonii (Gunther). R. rot-fish. Reef. Ed. Family Sciaenidae Pseudolabrus celidotus (Forster). Spotty. S. Arripis trutta Forster. Kahawai. Mid. Ed. Est. Reef. Ed. T. T. Pseudolabrus cinctus (Hutton). Girdled Par- Family Erythrichthyidae rot-fish. Ed. Emmelichthys nitidus Richardson. Red Bait Pseudolabrus pittensis Waite. Banded Parrot- Fish. S.R. Ed. fish. Reef. Ed. Family Bramidae. Pseudolabrus cossyphoides, p. 503. Stein- dachner. R. Brama raii (Bloch). Ray's Bream. Reef. R. Pictilabrus laticlavius (Richardson). R. Family Pteraclidae. Coris sandeyeri (Hector). R. Pteraclis velif era Pallas. Bat Fish. R. Verreo oxycephalus (Bleeker). Red Pig-fish. Family Mullidae. Reef. Ed. Upeneus porosus Cuv. and Val. Red Mullet. Verreo bellis (Rams. and Ogilb.). Reef. Ed. Mid. and Reef. Duymaeria flagellifer (Cuv. and Val.). R. Family sparidae Family Leptoscopidae. Pagrosomus auratus (Forster). Snapper. Ed. T. Leptoscopus macropygus (Richardson). Star- gazer. T. R. Ed. Family Kyphosidae. Crapatalus novae-zelandiae Gunther. T. Kyphosus sydneyanus (Gunther). Drummer. Reef. Family Cheimarrichthyidae. Cheimarrichthys fosteri Haast. Papanoko. Fe. Family Girellidae. Ed. Girella cyanea Macleay. Blue Fish. Reef. Ed. Family Parapercidae. • Girella tricuspidata (Quoy and Gaim.). Parore. Parapercis colias (Forster). Blue Cod. Reef. S. Ed. Est. Ed.. T. Family Scorpididae. Parapercis gilliesii (Hutton). T. Scorpis aequipinnis Richardson. Sweep. Ed. T. Percis nictymera, p. 497, Steindachner. R. Scorpis violaceus (Hutton). Maomao. Ed. T. Family Uranoscopidae. Atypichthys strigatus (Gunther). Mado. Bath. Kathetostoma giganteum Haast. Flat Head. T. Family Histiopteridae. Ed. Zanclistius elevatus (Rams. and Ogilb.). Short Kathetostoma fluviatile Hutton. R. Boar Fish. Ed. T. Geniagnus monopterygius (Bloch and Schn.). Paristiopterus labiosus (Gunther). Giant Boar Cat Fish T. Fish. Reef. Ed. Gnathagnus innotabilis Waite. T. Pseudopentaceros richardsonii (Smith). R. Family Nototheniidae. Family Aplodactylidae. Notothenia macrocephala Gunther. Maori Chief. Reef. Ed. Aplodactylus schauinslandii, p. 487. Steindach- ner. Notothenia cornucola Richardson. Reef. R. Notothenia microlepidota Hutton. Black Cd. Aplodactylus meandratus Richardson. Marble Reef. Fish. Mid. Ed. Notothenia filholi Sauvage. R. Family Cheilodactylidae. Notothenia colbecki Boulenger. R. Dactylopagrus macropterus (Foster). Tara- Bovichtus variegatus (Richardson). R. Family Scombridae. Cheilodactylus douglasii Hector. Porae. Reef. Euthynnus pelamis (Linnaeus). Bonito. Pel. Ed. Ed. 14 JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION

Pneumatophorus australasicies (Cuv. and Val.) Family Zoarcidae. English Mackerel. Mid. Ed. T. Melanostigma. flaccidum Waite. R. Sarda chiliensis (Cuv. and Val.). Tunny. Ed. Family Lophotidae. Pel. Lophotes cepedianus Giorna. Unicorn Fish. R. Family Scombridae. Family Echeneididae. Scomberomorous guttatcs (Bloch and Schn.) Remorina brachyptera (Lowe). Short Suck- Spotted Spanish Mackerel. R. ing-fish. Mid. (attached). Gasterochisma melampus Richardson. Butterfly Fish. R. Pel. Family Scorpaenidae. Germo germon (Lacepede). Long-finned Al- Helicolenus percoides Richardson. Sea-perch. bacore. Mid. R. Ed. Reef. Ed. T. Scorpaena cruenta Richardson. Red Rock-Cod. Family Luvaridae. Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque. Luvaru. R. Pel. Reef. Ed. Scorpaena bynoensis Richardson. Mid. and Family Lampridae. Reef. Lampris regius (Bonnaterre). Opah. R. Pel. Family Congiopidae. Family Xiphiidae. Congiopodus leucopaecilus (Richardson). South- Xiphias gladius Linnaeus. Broad-beak Sword ern Pig Fish Mid. and Reef. T. Fish. Pel. Congiopodus peruvianus (Cuv. and Val.). R. Family Istiophoridae. Family Cottidae. Istiophorus gladius (Bonnaterre). Sword Fish Neophrynichthys latus Hutton. Toad Fish. T. or Marlin. Pel. Family Trichiuridae. Family Triglidae. Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen). Frost Fish. Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson and Garnot). Bath. and T. Ed. Red Gurnard. T. and Reef. Ed. Lepidopus (Benthodesmus) elongatus (Clarke). Lepidotrigla vanessa (Richardson). Butterfly Bath. R. Gurnard. T. Ed. Family Gempyliae. Lepidotrigla brachyoptera Hutton. Gurnard. T. Semnisoma serpens Cuv. and Val. Scabbard Ed. Fish. Bath. R. Pterygotrigla pitta (Gunther). Spotted Gur- nard. B. Ed. Family Trichonotidae. Trigla kumoides, p. 498, Steindachner. R. Hemerocoetes acanthorhynchus (Forster). T. Hemerocoetes waitei Regan. R. T. Family Gobiesocidae. Hemerocoetes pauciradiatus Regan. R. Diplocrepis puniceus (Richardson). Sucker. S. Hemerocoetes macrophthalmus Regan. R. Trachelochismus pinnulatus (Forster). Lump Limnichthys fasciatus Waite. R. Fish. S. Family Gobiidae. Trachelochismus littoreus (Forster). Cling Gobiomorphus gobioides (Cuv. and Val.). Fish. S. Aspasmogaster hectoris (Gunther). R. Bully. Fe. Ed. Gobius lentiginosus Richardson. S. Aspasmogaster simus (Hutton). R. Eleotris radiata Quoy. and Gaim. Kurahina. Family Ceratiidae. S. R. Aegeonichthys appelii Clarke. R. Eleotris huttoni Ogilby. R. Family Antennariidae. Family Acanthoclinidae. Saccarius lineatus Gunther. R. Acanthoclinus quadridactylus (BI. and Schn.). Family Aceratiidae. S. Est. Haplophryne mollis Brauer. R. Family Blenniidae. Family Monacanthidae. Ericentrus rubrus (Hutton). S. Cologrammus flavescens (Hutton). R. Cantherines scaber (Bloch and Schn.). S. Ed. Cristiceps australis Cuv. and Val. Weed-fish. T. Cantherines convexirostris (Gunther). Leather S. Tripterygion tripenne (Forster). S. Jacket. R. T. Tripterygion varium (Forster). Common Salt- Monacanthus rudis, p. 517, Steindachner. water bully. Est. T. Family Ostraciidae. Tripterygion segmentatum McCulloch and Ostracion fornasini Bianconi. Trunk fish. R. Phillipps. Banded Bully. S. Family Tetraodontidae. Helcogramma medium (Gunther). R. Sphoeroides richei Freminville. Globe Fish. T. Notoclinus fenestratus (Forster). R. and Reef. Auchenopterus aysoni Hector. R. Sphoeroides gillbanksii (Clarke). R. Family Brotulidae. Sphoeroides cheesemanii (Clarke). R. Pyramodon punctatus (Regan). R. Sphoeroides nitidus Griffin. R. Family Ophidiidae. Family Diodontidae. Hypolycodes haastii Hector. R. Allomycterus jaculiferus (Cuvier). Porcupine Dinematichthys consobrinus Hutton. R. Fish. T. Genypterus blacodes (Bloch and Schn.). Ling. Bath. Reef. Ed. T. Family Molidae. Genypterus microstomus Regan. R. Mola mola Linnaeus. Sun-fish. Pel. JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION 15

INTRODUCED FISHES Carassius auratus Linn. Gold Fish. Common Family Salmonidae. in same localities' as above. Salmo salar Linn. Atlantic Salmon. Now es- Tinca vulgaris Cuvier. Tench. South Island tablished in Lake Te Anau. in ponds. Salmo trutta Linn. Brown Trout. Common, except in North of New Zealand. Family Siluridae. Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Rainbow Trout. Ameiurus catus (Linn.) American cat-fish. Established throughout New Zealand. Common in certain South Island lakes and Salmo sebago Girard. Canadian land-locked streams. Salmon. Introduced into Otago. Family Percidae. Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) American Perca fluviatilis Linn. Perch. South Island in Brook Trout. Small numbers only in scat- ponds. tered localities. Cristivomer namaycush (Walbaum) Mack- Family Pleuronectidae. inaw Trout. Apparently thriving in certain Bothus maximus Will. Turbot. Liberated in Canterbury lakes. sea off Dunedin. Coregonus clupeiformis (Mitchill) White fish. Apparently established in certain South Isl- and lakes. Many other fresh water fishes have Oncorhynchus tschaWytscha (Walbaum) Quin- been introduced into New Zealand. I nat Salmon. Established in South Island. have included only those known or Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) Sockeye Salmon. Reported established. I have seen reputed to be established. For a full no specimens. list of species introduced see "The Family Cyprinidae. Naturalization of Animals and Plants in Cyprinus carpo Linn. Carp. Common in Ther- mal Lakes and in ponds throughout New New Zealand," by Hon. G. M. Thomson, Zealand. 1922. Camb. Univ. Press, pp. 185-257.

Dr. David Starr Jordan, Chairman of China—N. Gist Gee, Arthur Jacot and the Aquatic Resources Council, writes Cora B. Reeves. to the Editors of the Journal of the South Australia—Edward R. Waite, Pan-Pacific Research Institution, giving South Australian Museum, Adelaide. a list of the fishes he believes will be North Australia, Queensland, New available during the year for publica- South Wales and Victoria—Gilbert tion in the Journal of the Pan-Pacific P. Whitley, Australian Museum, Research Institution. The following is Sydney. the list so far as it has been made up Tasmania—Clive Lord, Hobart, Tas- by Dr. Jordan : mania. New Guinea — Dr. L. F. deBeaufort, MARINE Univ. of Amsterdam. Coast Kamchatka—Dr. L. S. Berg, Len- Vancouver to San Diego—Hubbs. ingrad. (National Museum of Rus- Vancouver to Bering Sea—(Evermann sia) USSS. or Hubbs). South Seas—Jordan. Coast of Canada—Hubbs. Gulf of California to Ecuador and Galapagos—Evermann. Ecology of Fishes (Part 1)—T. C. Roughley. West Coast of South America—Eigen- Samoa—Jordan. mann (or Myers). Korea—Y. Wakiya (Fusan, Korea). Riukiu, Formosa, Hokkaido and River Fishes of China, Gee and Ochotsk Sea—Dr. Shigeho Tanaka. Henry W. Fowler, Acad. Science, Alaska and Bering Sea—Evermann or Philadelphia. Hubbs. River Fishes of Japan—Hubbs. West Coast Panama to Bering Sea— River Fishes of Mexico and Central Jordan and Evermann. America ;West Coast—G. S. Myers. 16 JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION

It is the Purpose of the Pan-Pacific 3. Fishes of Fiji by Gilbert P. Research Institution to publish a series Whitley. of local catalogues of the fishes known Several other local lists have been from waters of the Pacific Ocean, these already arranged for. The following ultimately to be brought together in a may be taken as an example of the general check list. It will not be pos- method suggested. sible to issue, at present, either descrip- Family SCORPAENIDAE tions or synonymy in detail, no ac- MERINTHE Snyder counts of new genera or new species, Merinthe macrocephala (Sauvage) and no figures will be published, for Oopu Keiu Nohu the present at least. Provision has been Abbreviations may be made, as fol- made for separate lists in the various lows : regions. These notes of local distribu- x commercial importance tion may be inserted within the line. f excellence in food The validity of many species is still in r very rare doubt. It is better to insert these, until c common or abundant their place in Synonymy is actually Do not abbreviate personal names, known. unless well known, as C & V. Three of these local lists are now in Special localities may be inserted. type. Lists may be sent to Pan-Pacific 1. Fishes of Hawaii by David Starr Union, Honolulu, or to David Starr Jordan and Barton Warren Evermann. Jordan, Stanford University, California. 2. Fishes of Ne wZealand by W. J. Atherton Lee, Chairman Editorial Phillipps. Committee. EDITORIAL BOARD OF THE JOURNAL (Requested to serve by Board of Governors) F. G. KRAUSS, Editor, University of Hawaii. ASSOCIATE EDITORS Carl L. Alsberg, Elmer D. Merrill, Stanford University. University of California. Charles F. Baker, Christos Plutarch Sideris, University of the Philippines. University of Hawaii. Sir James Barrett, K.B.E., Melbourne, Australia. Hon. George M. Thomson, M.P., P. J. S. Cramer, Wellington, New Zealand. General Agricultural Experiment Station of S. T. Wen, Shanghai, Java. Delegate to Washington Conference, 1922. C. Ishikawa, Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Imperial R. H. Van Zwaluwenburg, University. Experiment Station, H.S.P.A. INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS Contributions are welcomed and may be submitted through the Associate Editor from the country in which the contributor resides, or may be forwarded direct to the Editor-in-Chief in Honolulu. For the sake of uniformity all references to literature should cite the name of the author, followed by the date of publication, the paper so referred to being collected into a list of "Literature cited" at the end of the article. Care should be taken to give titles in full, and to indicate accurately in Arabic numerals, the volume number, and the first and last pages, and the date of publication of each paper, if published in a periodical, and the number of pages., place and date of publication and name of publisher, of each independent publication. The arrangement of this list should be alphabetic by authors, and chronological under each author. Foot-notes, legends of figures, tabular matter and quotations involving more than one sentence should be typewritten on separate sheets. All foot-notes should be num- bered consecutively in single series and designated by Arabic superscript numerals. Manuscript should be typewritten and double spaced. Only when requested will authors receive galley-proofs, especially when at long distances. Contributors should read carefully page 2,—"Objects of the Pan-Pacific Research Institution," noting especially the last paragraph.

a I It) 9 it C fP &I,) 1\1 In I VI t A ft.1", „It, • g1 •1 •4 S1 •) )•JI IAtiSCIAPAINI, t .114)XI J 1 I • BULLETIN OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION • An unofficial organization, the agent of no government, but with the good will of all in bringing the peoples of the Pacific together into better understanding and cooperative • effort for the advancement of the interests common to the Pacific area.

• CONTENTS

New Series No. 84, February, 1927

Ideals of the Pan-Pacific Union - 2 A Pan-Pacific Conference called by the President of the United States - - 3 A Round-the-Pacific University Cruise - - - - 4 The Pan-Pacific Commercial Conference in Los Angeles in 1928 - - - - - - 5 • Japan and the Commercial Congress - - - - 6 • The Director of the Union Visits the Orient - - - 8

;74 A Pan-Pacific Women's Club Organizes - - - - 9 The Pan-Pacific Women's Congress - - - - 11 • Doll Messengers of Friendship - - 12 4 Pan-Pacific Honors in Japan - - 13 44/ Decorated by the Emperor of Annam - 14 4 A Pan-Pacific Art Project - - - 15 g) • a OFFICERS OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION

HONORARY PRESIDENTS Calvin Coolidge President of the United States S. M. Bruce Prime Minister, Australia • J. G. Coates Prime Minister, New Zealand W. W. Yen Chief Executive of China W. L. Mackenzie King Prime Minister of Canada Prince I. Tokugawa President House of Peers, Japan His Majesty, Prachatipok. King of Siam P. Elias Calies President of Mexico 4

OFFICERS IN HONOLULU President—Hon. Wallace R. Farrington Governor of Hawaii Director—Alexander Hume Ford ...... _ .... Honolulu • HONOLULU Published monthly by the Pan-Pacific Union • 1927 • • ToiilraiN • treinveit• tanaoravorim • I /c1R educh • AN, • /La • adreNcratartom rwrientatiid • • Ali do, THE MID-PACIFIC AIMS OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION

From year to year the scope of the work before the Pan-Pacific Union has broadened, until today it assumes some of the aspects of a friendly un- official Pan-Pacific League of Nations, a destiny that both the late Franklin K. Lane and Henry Cabot Lodge predicted for it. The Pan-Pacific Union has conducted a number of successful conferences ; scientific, educational, journalistic, commercial, fisheries, and most vital of all, that on the conservation of food and food products in the Pacific area, for the Pacific regions from now on must insure the world against the horrors of food shortage and its inevitable conclusion. The real serious human action of the Pan-Pacific Union begins. It is fol- lowing up the work of the Pan-Pacific Food Conservation Conference by the establishment of a Pan-Pacific Research Institution where primarily the study and work will be along the lines necessary in solving the problems of food production and conservation in the Pacific Area,—land and sea. Added to this, will be the study of race and population problems that so vitally affect our vast area of the Pacific, the home of more than half of the peoples who in- habit this planet. The thoughts and actions of these peoples and races toward each other as they are today, and as they should be, for the welfare of all, will be a most important problem before the Union, as well as the problem of feeding in the future those teeming swarms of races, that must be well fed to preserve a peaceful attitude toward each other. The Pan-Pacific Union is an organization in no way the agency of any Pacific Government, yet having the goodwill of all, with the Presidents and Premiers of Pacific lands as its honorary heads. Affiliated and working with the Pan-Pacific Union are Chambers of Commerce, educational, scientific and other bodies. It is supported in part by government and private appropria- tions and subscriptions. Its central office is in Honolulu, because of its loca- tion at the ocean's crossroads. Its management is under an international board. The following are the chief aims and objects of the Pan-Pacific Union : 1. To bring together from time to time, in friendly conference, leaders in all lines of thought and action in the Pacific area, that they may become better acquainted; to assist in pointing them toward cooperative effort for the advancement of those interests that are common to all the peoples. 2. To bring together ethical leaders from every Pacific land who will meet for the study of problems of fair dealings and ways to advance interna- tional justice in the Pacific area, that misunderstanding may be cleared. 3. To bring together from time to time scientific and other leaders from Pacific lands who will present the great vital Pan-Pacific scientific problems including those of race and population, that must be confronted, and if pos- sible, solved by the present generation of Pacific peoples and those to follow. 4. To follow out the recommendations of the scientific and other leaders in the encouragement of all scientific research work of value to Pacific peo- ples ; in the establishment of a Research Institution where such need seems to exist, or in aiding in the establishment of such institutions. 5. To secure and collate accurate information concerning the material re- sources of Pacific lands ; to study the ideas and opinions that mould public opinion among the peoples of the several Pacific races, and to bring men to- gether who can understandingly discuss these in a spirit of fairness that they may point out a true course of justice in dealing with them internationally. 6. To bring together in round table discussion in every Pacific land those of all races resident therein who desire to bring about better understand- ing and cooperative effort among the peoples and races of the Pacific for their common advancement, material and spiritual. 7. To bring all nations and peoples about the Pacific Ocean into closer friendly commercial contact and relationship. To aid and assist those in all Pacific communities to better understand each other, and, through them, spread abroad about the Pacific the friendly spirit of inter-racial cooperation. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 3 A Pan-Pacific Conference Called by the President of the United States

In April of this year, 11th to 16th a wonderful laboratory of what is known will be held in Honolulu a conference in western United States as common called by President Coolidge, and pre- school education. sided over by Secretary of the Interior, Rehabilitation was the word used in Hubert Work, with aids from every de- the resolution before congress because partment in Washington. it is the fundamental sense of it. It Speaking of this Conference at a is putting people on the land. It is a luncheon meeting of the Pan-Pacific problem of the races bordering on the Club. Governor Wallace R. Farrington Pacific, of the Oriental races of the said : "We of Hawaii and the Pan- Occident, a problem on which we Pacific Union have an exceptional op- shall have the experiences and a portunity for rendering great service. discussion by the leaders of those who The conference to be held here in April have to do with the making use of will be the greatest conference ever public lands with national assistance. held in the Pacific. It is a conference And Recreation is the word used for on education, recreation, and rehabilita- the purposes of the resolution when it tion. We have had a great number of refers to the National Parks because they conferences in Hawaii and Honolulu, are our recreation centers. Anyone who many valuable and important confer- has had the privilege of visiting the ences, of scientific standing, but all were Yellowstone or Yosemite gets an idea under the private auspices of the Pan- of the tremendous number of people Pacific Union. This conference is one travelling for recreational purposes authorized by the United States Con- throughout our country and we gain gress, the invitations to be sent out benefits from an extension of that ideal by the President of the United States, so the people shall extend their travels through the State Department and to the temples, and gardens of the Orient under the direction of the Secre- and to the parks of New Zealand and tary of the Interior, a cabinet of- Australia and Canada. ficer, so there may be no doubt as to Through travel we are coming the dignity and importance or the in contact with the people and with scope of this conference insofar as it the fundamentals of Pacific Education relates to the development and discus- and all these things make for friend- sion on the fundamental arts of peace. ship and peace. So in the natural That is what it is to be, there is a order of events the Pan-Pacific Union peace spirit behind it. in this Territory will be a center to as- sist in the making of the setting for Education deals with the development the entertainment and accommodation of our youth. I am confident there will of the guests coming in keeping with be representatives here from the coun- the dignity of the Conference, the im- tries beyond the Pacific, and that there portance of the subject, and also to give will be an exchange of opinions by lead- them something of the wonderful at- ing educators of all races bordering Qn mosphere of this outpost where all the Pacific. There will be a discussion on people are meeting together under con- exchange of professors of the Univer- ditions that are as nearly ideal as is sities of the Pacific. We have here possible for us to expect in this world. 4 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN A Round-the-Pacific University Cruise

While in Honolulu with the 600 ander Hume Ford, director the Pan- traveling college students under his Pacific Union. charge, Dean Joseph Lough visited the The proposed plan, still in the ten- Director of the Pan-Pacific Union and tative stage, would be inaugurated two asked for the cooperation of that orga- years hence to include a group of 50 nization in continuing the work. college students, under the tutelage of In an exchange of letters made a few one professor, who would be given hours before Dean Lough and the Di- proper powers to handle the group in rector of the Union sailed on separate travels and direction of studies, to leave vessels for Japan, the services of the New York, traveling across the con- buildings of the Pan-Pacific Research tinent by train to San Francisco, there Institution were placed at the disposal to embark for Honolulu, to remain here of Dean Lough as a home for six six weeks, pursuing a well-mapped out weeks for fifty of his university stu- course of instruction which would in- dents, and at the same time a request clude cooperation by the University of was sent to the Pan-Pacific Association Hawaii, Institute of Pacific Relations, of Japan to father a plan to find ac- Bishop Museum and other institutions. commodation in Tokyo near the Im- Following the course here the stu- perial University for a six weeks' stay dents would proceed to Japan, for a of these students that they might know six weeks course of study and then on something first-hand of the working of to China, India and so on around the a Japanese University. Dean Lough world, taking up a school year. also agreed to accept Japanese Uni- "I had a conference with Mr. Ford versity students who can carry on their today" said Dean Lough aboard the studies on the next University Cruise Ryndam, shortly before sailing time around the world. yesterday, "and I believe that the plans The Director of the Pan-Pacific can be matured and adopted. Union is also asking the cooperation of "The services of the Pan-Pacific the Pan-Pacific Association of China Union headquarters in Honolulu and and is suggesting to the Pan-Pacific the branches in Japan and China would Union branch in Australia that it urge be available. Mr. Ford assured me that Dean Lough's students to visit that with the cooperation of Prince Toku- country on the next round-the-Pacific gawa, head of the Pan-Pacific work in cruise. Japan, we would have little difficulty in The following story was given to the carrying out our plan. press of Honolulu by Dean Lough as "In Honolulu we would have op- his vessel was sailing : portunity to give the students different Whether another University World types of study, suggesting political eco- Cruise, such as conducted on the steam- nomy that relates to the affairs of the ship Ryndam, will materialize, is not Pacific and of each country bordering definite, but certain steps toward a con- upon the Pacific, and there would be tinuation of the university travel opportunity for study of sugar techno- scheme were developed yesterday in a logy, botany, and a very valuable op- conference between Dean Joseph Lough, portunity to come in contact with racial head of the Ryndam cruise, and Alex- groups and racial instructors." PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 5 The Pan-Pacific Commercial Con- ference in Los Angeles in 1928 A tentative agenda for the Second councils be asked to aid in selecting the Pan-Pacific Commercial Conference to delegates who might most ably present be held in Los Angeles in 1928, has the papers and problems assigned them. been prepared by representatives of the The following might serve as a tenta- Pan-Pacific Union, the Los Angeles tive agenda for approval and revision Chamber of Commerce, and the Hono- before submitting to the several councils lulu Chamber of Commerce. This for their approval and amendment. agenda is now in circulation around the Tentative Agenda Pacific for amendment and improvement FIRST DAY—First Session. at the hands of the commercial bodies Review of Commercial Progress in of each Pacific country. My Country Since the First Pan-Pacific The tentative agenda was adopted in Commercial Conference Was Held in Honolulu at a banquet given by Presi- 1922. (One speaker from each country.) dent Arthur H. Bent, of the Los Angeles Chamber, to the directors of Second Session. the Pan-Pacific Union and the Hono- Outstanding Commercial Problems of lulu Chamber of Commerce. The Hon. My Country. (One speaker from each Wallace R. Farrington, Governor of country to present a brief paper.) Hawaii, and President of the Union, Longer papers may be presented in ad- outlined the present and past commerce dition for publication. of the Pacific and the Director of the SECOND DAY—First Session. Pan-Pacific Union was called upon to International Relations: Commercial present the agenda as prepared. arbitration, cooperation, uniformity in The following is the agenda as tenta- weights and measures, and coinage in the tively adopted subject to approval and Pacific area. A common commercial amendments from about the Pacific. language, and a Pan-Pacific Chamber THE SECOND PAN-PACIFIC of Commerce. COMMERCIAL CONGRESS Second Session. Los Angeles, August, 1928, called by Communications: Survey of cable and the Pan-Pacific Union at the request of wireless facilities. Fixing responsibilities. the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce. Establishment of lower special rates and The Pan-Pacific Union, at the request making possible exchange of news for of the Los Angeles Chamber of Com- the betterment of cordial relations be- merce, will call together delegates to a tween Pacific peoples. Post rates. The Second Pan-Pacific Commercial Con- Press of the Pacific. gress to be held in Los Angeles during THIRD DAY—First Session. the late summer of 1928. Passenger Transportation and Good It might be well that a general tenta- Roads: Transportation by rail, steam- tive agenda be circulated for this Second ship, motor, air, and other methods. Pan-Pacific Commercial Congress and Good roads and their value to commerce. that councils be appointed in each Pa- Round the Pacific Commercial routes. cific country to take charge of the re- Tourist Bureaus. search work necessary in gathering the Second Session. information that might profitably be pre- Freight Transportation and Storage: sented at the Congress, and that these Analysis of present trade routes and de- 6 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN velopment of new routes. Desirability of FIFTH DAY—First Session. free zones. Standardization of freight Food Resources in the Pacific: Con- rates. Terminal facilities ; cold storage servation of the Pacific Fisheries ; rice ; and dehydrization. Loading and unload- sugar ; wheat. ing, packing. Second Session. FOURTH DAY—First Session. Labor: Form of Contracts. Finance, Foreign Investment: Bank- SIXTH DAY—First Session. ing in the Pacific and the possibilities of A Pan-Pacific Economic Commission: a Pan-Pacific Bank as clearing house. In- Its work. A scientific study of Pan- vestments in the Pacific. Insurance. Pacific Natural Resources. The chemist Methods to be followed for relieving and the factory. The entomologist and exchange difficulties. Need of greater agriculture. The health of the com- uniformity in bills of exchange and mercial army. other commercial documents. Terms of credit in Pan-Pacific Area as an aid to Closing Banquet or Lunch. foreign trade. Standardization of trade Permanent Organization, Resolutions certificates and how to insure reliability. and Recommendations. A uniform decimal currency. Claims in The Director of the Pan-Pacific Union general. was requested to take the agenda around Second Session. the Pacific and assist in the organization Development and Conservation of of commercial councils in each country, Natural Resources; Engineering Prob- these to select the delegates who would lems: Water power ; irrigation problems ; prepare the needed papers and present fuel resources ; flood control. them at the Conference. Japan and the Commercial Congress (From the Japan Times of Tokyo) Alexander Hume Ford, Director of Mr. Ford is urging this feature as the Pan-Pacific Union has presented it is the policy of the Pan-Pacific Union to the associated chambers of com- to call together groups of men and ask merce of Japan the first informal invi- them to perfect their own Pacific or tation to that organization to participate Pan-Pacific organizations entirely inde- in the Second Pan-Pacific Commercial pendently of the Union. In this way Conference, which will be held in Los was born the Pan-Pacific Science Con- Angeles in the summer of 1928. gress and in April it is hoped that the It is expected that following precedent Third Pan-Pacific Educational Confer- a more formal invitation will be in time ence, this one called by President Cool- forwarded through the State Depart- idge, will result in a permanent auton- ment. omous body that will perpetuate the At the first Pan-Pacific Commercial calling of educational gatherings in Pa- Congress held in Honolulu three years cific lands. ago the associated chamber was well The Governor of Hawaii, Wallace represented and it was then suggested R. Farrington, both as governor and that prior to the next meeting a plan as president of the Pan-Pacific Union. for a Pan-Pacific Chamber of Com- has sent Mr. Ford forthwith a strong merce be worked out to submit to the letter in which he says : "I take pleas- delegates to the second congress. ure in introducing Mr. Alexander PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 7

Hume Ford, an esteemed citizen of the geles Chamber of Commerce, the Pan- Territory of Hawaii and Director of Pacific Union is calling the Second Pan- the Pan-Pacific Union. Pacific Commercial Conference to "Mr. Ford is making a visit to the meet in Los Angeles late in the sum- Orient to attend the Third Pan-Pacific mer of 1928 and we hope that this event Science Conference and proceeding will be an event of outstanding interest thence on a general tour of Asia and in the commercial advancement of all Australia. By the organization of the countries bordering on the Pacific ocean. union of nations in promoting friendly "May we join the Pan-Pacific Union conferences through the Pan-Pacific in urging you to aid us in making the Union, Mr. Ford has undertaken a most coming conference an event which will notable service to all the peoples living do much both to promote friendship in the countries bordering on the Pa- cific. and good will among the nations around the Pacific and also to develop the com- "Hawaii is the natural center where mercial resources of all our countries. representatives can meet with the great- est convenience and for this reason, he "We believe that the coming decades has made his headquarters within this will see unparalleled prosperity and ad- territory. vancement in the Pacific area if we who are now on the scene of action will co- "I bespeak for Mr. Ford the courteous ordinate our efforts and cooperate with consideration of all the officials and citi- each other in laying proper foundations zens with whom he may come in con- for the future. tact." The document bears the great seal of Hawaii. • "Mr. Ford will present to you the tentative agenda for the forthcoming President Arthur S. Bent of the Los conference, which has the approval of Angeles Chamber of Commerce has the business leaders of Honolulu and also sent his indorsement of Mr. Ford, and an invitation to the commercial men Los Angeles, but which, doubtless, should be still further elaborated. May of Japan to participate in the Pan- we request that you give this agenda Pacific Commercial Congress that is to due consideration and we trust that you be held in Los Angeles. He says in his letter : will not hesitate to suggest further topics for consideration or any changes "On the invitation of the Los An- which may seem to you desirable."

Word has just been received in extends greetings to western division Honolulu that the 1927 mid-year meet- meeting and sincere hope that we may ing of the western division of the United have the honor of entertaining the 1927 States Chamber of Commerce will be meeting. The invitation of our delega- held in Honolulu next fall. This body represents business leaders from the tion is backed by the united sentiment eleven western states, Alaska, and the of the people of this American terri- Philippines. The choice of Honolulu tory." was made at the meeting held in Colo- This meeting in Honolulu of com- rado on the invitation of Hon. Wallace mercial leaders of the western United R. Farrington, Governor of Hawaii and States, Alaska, and the Philippines, will the president of the Pan-Pacific Union, be a very great aid to the Pan-Pacific whose radio reads as follows : "Hawaii Commercial Conference in 1928. 8 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN Union Director Visits Orient The Director of the Pan-Pacific ter of invitations to all countries of the Union has accepted invitations to visit Pacific to send student delegates to meet the Orient. Commenting on his visit the with them and hold a Pan-Pacific Stu- day of his departure, the Honolulu Star- dents conference is being taken up. Bulletin had to say : Ford is carrying to the Orient letters from the governor as well as from a Alexander Hume Ford, director of the number of the civic organizations. He Pan-Pacific Union, will leave on the expects on his return to announce defi- Shinyo Maru today for an extended trip nite dates for the Pan-Pacific Women's through the Orient. In Japan he will be conference, the medical conference and the guest of Prince Tokugawa and the the second Pan-Pacific Commercial con- Pan-Pacific association during the ses- ference which will be held in Los sions of the third Pan-Pacific Science conference. He will also attend the Ori- Angeles. ental Red Cross conference representing Editorially the same paper said under the Pan-Pacific Union. After enjoying the heading, "A Tribute to the Pan- the hospitality of Japan, Ford will con- Pacific Union" : fer with those who are expected to at- It is a distinct tribute to the Pan- tend the Pan-Pacific Medical conference Pacific Union and to its director that in Honolulu in 1928 and the second that official, Mr. A. H. Ford, should be Pan-Pacific Commercial conference in invited to Japan by Prince Tokugawa. Los Angeles later in that year. The late M. M. Scott, long a resident At the luncheon of the executives of of Japan and a deep student of its his- the Pan-Pacific Union, the Los Angeles tory, used to remark, "The blood in the Chamber of Commerce and the Hono- veins of the Tokugawas is as blue as the lulu Chamber of Commerce yesterday bluest indigo. They are aristocrats in announcement was made of the calling any aristocracy." of the second Pan-Pacific Commercial Nevertheless the illustrious prince who conference in Los Angeles, and Dean heads the Pan-Pacific Union in Japan is Lough, the organizer and head of the more than an aristocrat—he is an active Ryndam round-the-world-cruise, sug- and practical worker in national and in- gested 'to Ford plans that may lead to ternational affairs. He was a member the calling of a Pan-Pacific Students' of the Japanese delegation at the Wash- conference in Honolulu. Radio messages ington conference ; he sits in the coun- are being exchanged between Ford and cils of statesmen ; he concerns himself Lough today. with the welfare of Japan's commoners. Yesterday Dean Lough arranged with He has long been a friend of the Pan- Ford, representing the Pan-Pacific Re- Pacific Union and an admirer of its search institution, to house two years work, and the invitation to Director from now for a six-weeks' period, some Ford is proof that the "Pan-Pacific 40 or 50 students who will make a study idea" has taken a strong hold in the land of Hawaii and then go on to Japan and where once the Tokugawas were the China. Ford will take up with the Pan- powerful and dominant "shoguns." Pacific associations of Japan and China In Japan, Mr. Ford will have oppor- the entertainment of the students in those tunity at various congresses and confer- countries. In the meantime as the stu- ences of spreading more widely that dents will be here in the center of the gospel of good will among nations, which Pacific for nearly two months, the mat- is his life's passion. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 9 Pan-Pacific Women's Club Organizes At the first meeting of the Women's as we can in no other way. I think Auxiliary of the Pan-Pacific Club, Wed- the primary object which the Director nesday noon, September 29, 1926, at has in calling this group together is the Pan-Pacific Club House, Honolulu, the. Women's Conference of 1928. That, Mr. A. H. Ford, Director of the Pan- as you all know, has been under discus- Pacific Union, made an announcement sion since 1924. Only then it was first concerning the purpose of having a talked of and when we discussed it in women's luncheon meeting, to be held 1925 it was just more or less a matter as often as was desired by the women of business with a number of years interested in such a project. He said the ahead of us. I admit now, as the time reason for having the women come comes near (less than two years away) together at luncheon without the men personally, I begin to feel a little like was that so many of the Oriental women bestirring myself. It is a thing that no would not attend meetings where there small group can do. It must be in the were men and that more work could be thinking of all the women in the com- done when they worked separately. Men- munity ; it must be in the thinking of all tion was also made of the fine work and nationalities if we are going to get the spirit of the Pan-Pacific Lions Club most out of it. where men of all races and professions The agenda committee has been work- gathered together once a week. Mr. ing for the past year and there has been Ford said he had never before been in a good deal of tentative work. Now is a mixed racial club where the Anglo- the time when we have to begin the Saxons did not take the lead, and that development of a concrete program. In in the Pan-Pacific Lions Club, there this agenda committee different phases being equal representation from all races, were given to different persons to think men really expressed their true thoughts. over and put before other groups. Miss Several times the Boys' Work and Edu- Margaret Bergen is chairman of the cational Commitees have asked why the agenda committee. The committee does women were not doing something for the not feel that it has developed a com- girls, and so it is hoped that an attempt plete program, but merely has a fine will be made to do something for the skeleton upon which we can work. The girls through the Women's Club, and program for the Women's Conference this hope was one of the reasons for its will furnish ample discussion for many organization. meetings. Mrs. I. M. Cox heads the The principal reason for organizing Committee on Education and she will the women's branch, however, is to report something of progress on that stimulate interest in the Pan-Pacific part of the agenda. Women's Conference to be held in Hono- In replying Mrs. Cox said, in part : lulu in July, 1928, with Miss Jane "As Mrs. Andrews has said, we are still Addams of Hull House, Chicago, as working rather tentatively. The thing honorary chairman. Mrs. A. L. And- I have to report is an addition of two rews, chairman of the Executive Com- new members to this committee. We mittee of the Conference, spoke as fol- hope to have more from other national- lows : ities. The new ones are Mrs. C. F. The idea of having this luncheon once Weeber and Mrs. T. M. Livesay. These a week, or twice a month, as the case two women are not only acquainted with may be, certainly is a very valuable one, the newer knowledge in the field of because we meet and know each other psychology, but also the new attitudes 10 P AN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN toward life and education. Mrs. Weeber special emphasis on art and the cultural collaborated with Prof. B. T. Baldwin background of the civilization of various in publishing a book on child psychology. parts of the world. Her work has been especially with the "We will be glad to have the sugges- pre-school child. In talking with these tions of any of you here who might help ladies I find the progress made has been in any of these departments." in the direction of a tentative program. Mrs. Andrews read a letter from We have tried to get in touch with as Eleanor M. Hinder, corresponding sec- many leaders in educational work around retary of the Joint Committee of the Pacific as we could. The secretary Women's Organizations . of Shanghai a of our committee has been writing a paragraph of which is here quoted as number of letters abroad in which two follows : things were asked—first, what women "At the present time there are seven might be available who are leaders in women's organizations within the Joint education and who might come as dele- Committee. These are : British Women's gates to our Women's Conference, and Association, American Women's Club, what countries are giving the most at- German Women's Club, Portuguese tention to this. One of the most import- Women's Club, Shanghai Women's Club, ant replies is a letter received from a Japanese Women's Club and the Shang- lady in Japan who stresses training in hai Y. W. C. A. There is provision in art. The Orient has always stressed the the constitution for the representation spiritual value of all art. Another ques- on the Joint Committee of nationals not tion that she wished to have discussed is organized into clubs—for example, the birth control, which is a very important French women and Scandanavian women. question in our modern life. The sec- In this way it is hoped that the Joint retary can possibly tell you how many Committee can be fully representative of letters have been written to women in all women in Shanghai." Canada, Mexico, South America, the Mrs. Andrews stated that Miss United States, Japan, China, Korea, Hinder is an Australian now in the Java, the Philippines, Australia and employ of the Y.W.C.A., having fol- New Zealand. lowed Mrs. Harrison who was in Shang- "We have been working on a sug- hai for a long period of time in the in- gested tentative program which seems to dustrial field. Mrs. Andrews met the gather into about three heads : first, edu- latter in New York recently and found cation as a life process and in connection her keenly determined that the Chinese with the widening of the sense of re- group should be very closely allied to sponsibility shown in the emphasis on our group here. the pre-school child ; in the effort also As Mr. Ford has been invited by the which our colleges are making in holding President of the Oriental Red Cross to summer schools for working girls. In the Red Cross Conference to be held the connection with this, of course, we also 15th of November in Tokyo, he stated think of the night schols and other ways that if there was any message this group in which education is reaching out. The would like to have sent concerning dele- second subject of interest is.the psychol- gates to the Women's Conference, he ogizing of education, that is, learning would be glad to act as messenger. Mrs. what kind of education is best fitted for Eddy, educational director of the Y.W. each person. This is a newer approach C.A., suggested that it would be very to education. Third, the enriching of appropriate to have such carried to a the curriculum as indicated in the letter prominent Japanese woman to present at from Japan. That is, putting in the that conference. It was suggested that it things outside of the three R's—the might go through Dr. Appleton as chair- PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 11

man of the Health Section of the Pan- A motion was made and carried that Pacific Women's Conference. the local committee of the Pan-Pacific The question of how often the club Women's conference act for the present should meet was then discussed. It was as the officers of this club. Following is suggested that luncheon meetings be held the agenda committee : once a month, on the last Wednesday of 1. Health each month. It was also suggested that Dr. Vivia B. Appleton the luncheon meetings and committee 2. Education Mrs. I. M. Cox meetings be held separately. Someone 3. Women in Industry and Pro- suggested that the afternoon would be fessions Mrs. A. L. Andrews better for some. It was suggested that 4. Women in Government the committee meetings be held in the Mrs. J. P. Morgan afternoon and tea served, the director of- 5. Social Work fering the use of the club house and free Miss Margaret Bergen tea. A suggestion was made also that once a month was not often enough as It was decided that there would be no the enthusiasm would die down where dues attached to membership in this meetings were so far apart. club, inasmuch as it is an auxiliary of However, it was the concensus of the Pan-Pacific Club. A vote of thanks opinion that in the beginning meetings was extended the Pan-Pacific Club for once a month were often enough and as this. the date of the conference drew near, The club was adjourned until the next meetings would be held of tener. meeting, the last Wednesday in the It was decided unanimously that this month, at which time a luncheon meet- group should be known as the "Pan- ing would be held at the Pan-Pacific Pacific Women's Club." Club House, 1141 Richard Street.

The Pan-Pacific Women's Congress

At the Oriental Red Cross Congress Cross Conference will be held, unques- in Tokyo last November it was unanim- tionably either in Honolulu or in Ma- ously voted to request Red Cross work- ' nila. ers in Pacific lands to attend the Pan- In Tokyo the Director of the Pan- Pacific Women's Conference to be held Pacific Union has been busy in assist- in Honolulu in 1928. It was further ing the Japanese women to organize resolved that the holding of a Pan- their Pan-Pacific Club in the Japanese Pacific Red Cross Conference in Hono- capital, and it is expected that from lulu immediately following or preced- this club will be sent a number of dis- ing the Women's Conference be re- tinguished Japanese ladies to meet with ferred to the Red Cross League head- the women from every part of the Pa quarters in Paris. The next Pacific Red cific in 1928 in Honolulu. 12 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN Doll Messengers of Friendship On the third day of the third month not more than 150 to 200 words in in Japan is held the festival of Hina- length, signed by all the children who no-Sekku or Hina Matsuri, the Festival have shared in the enterprise. of the Dolls, the greatest time of the The folder sent out by the committee year to Japanese girls, who, dressed in gives a very interesting statement, which their best clothes and seated in state, is partially given here : serve the father, mother, brothers and "In connection with the Doll Mes- friends with all the dignity and im- senger project it will be easy and nat- portance of a genuine hostess. This also ural to explain to the children how is the time for visiting each other, car- races, nations and languages have come rying as gifts presents that are all made into existence and how important it is in miniature. During the three days for all nations to know each other and of the festival dolls which have rested to have goodwill toward each other. during the entire year are unpacked "Living in different lands for thou- and made the most honored guests. sands of years—and never seeing or Throughout the land are sold articles in talking with one another—results in miniature ; in the fish market, the tiniest great changes in customs of life, in fish ; in the bake shop, the weest cakes ; houses, in clothing, in languages, in the in the markets the smallest of vegetables, character and color of the hair and and in the stores the smallest furniture skin, in the characteristics of the eyes and articles of clothing. and in the general features. We need This year the Committee on World to learn that we appear as strange to Friendship Among Children, 289 Fourth other peoples as they do to us ; our Avenue, New York City, is arranging language sounds as queer in their ears to send 100,000 dolls from the children as their languages do in ours. But in of the United States to be presented by spite of all differences in appearance, the Japanese government, through the we are all related and have the same Department of Education or some spe- kind of minds and hearts. cial committee, to the school children of "To the people of Japan these Doll Japan, for the yearly doll festival which Festival days are an expression of the is held in the month of cherry blossoms ideal of Japanese womanhood—to be a and therefore has for its decorations good and true wife, a wise and loving these lovely flowers. The dolls are leav- mother. Like all the festivals of Japan, ing New York about the 20th of Jan- the Doll celebration has its romance and uary, and on their way will pass through its reality. In the changing Japan of Honolulu, where they will be joined by today, prosaic, every day things are another group of dolls dressed by the taking the place of the old romance of children of Hawaii under the auspices the land, but the Festival of Dolls is of the Pan-Pacific Women's Club which observed as it was centuries ago, ex- is arranging with girls' clubs of the cept that through the years it has been Y. W. C. A. and of the schools to somewhat changed, the influence of some share in this expression of friendship. periods making it more simple, the in- The dolls traveling from New York fluence of others making it more ela- City are each provided with a passport borate. and a ticket, arrangements for which "Practically every family in Japan have been made by the local business owns a doll festival set. Those belonging and ticket agents (the boys). Each doll to village farmers or simple fishermen also carries a message of good will of will be very humble, but complete. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 13 Pan-Pacific Honors in Japan (A letter from the Director)

Less than 48 hours after he arrived "The third Pan-Pacific Science Con- in Japan the Director of the Pan-Pa- gress is a wonderful success. The cific Union was invited on the platform Japanese are past masters at entertain- with Her Majesty, the Empress of ment and arrangement. I have been Japan. Here for an hour he stood with made an honorary guest and have re- the diplomatic corps, Judge John Bar- ceived a royal welcome from my many ton Payne, president of the American scientific friends. We are invited to Red Cross, and four or five distinguished banquets nightly and all sorts of ex- representatives from Europe, as well as cursions are planned. The Japanese are the premier and the cabinet. perfect hosts. There are some 140 dele- The occasion was a great anniversary gates other than Japanese. Next to the of the Red Cross in Japan, and Her Pan-Pacific food conservation confer- Majesty is the president. A special build- ence, to which every Pacific country ing was erected in Ueno park and an sent delegates, this is the most repre- enclosure made that was crowded by sentative Pacific gathering. Only French 100,000 members of the Japan Red Indo-China, Siam and Latin America Cross society. are missing. Mr. Ford writes as follows : "The personal kindness and courtesy "The day before I left Honolulu I I am receiving from the individual dele- received from the 20,000 Japanese Red gates from each of the Pacific coun- Cross members in Hawaii a badge and tries is one of the most delightful ex- medal that made me a life member of periences of my life. that body and this I wore, as for more than an hour I stood within less than "Dr. Mori is here with me at the table 10 feet of the empress of Japan and as I pen these few lines. He is leaving rubbing shoulders with the ambassadors for Honolulu in a few hours and will to Dai Nippon. take this message. He is the same "The moment I arrived in Japan I splendid loyal friend and advisor and was invited to act on the general com- everyone here loves him. mittee of the Red Cross congress and "I believe we shall have a Pan-Pacific they have me at work. Red Cross conference in Honolulu, called "At the steamer I was met by my I hope, from Paris or Geneva. Cer- old friend, Y. Kawai, now secretary tainly the delegates already here seem to the crown prince, and by Mr. Na- enthusiastic over the prospect. ruso, chief secretary of the house of "Every honor is being shown the peers, and Prince I. Tokugawa, who science and the Red Cross delegates. In gives a luncheon in my honor at his a few days we attend the chrysanthemum special residence on Monday. ceremony at the palace, when the crown "Friday I am the guest of honor at prince will be present. The Honolulu the Tokyo Pan-Pacific club and we have contingent here is so happy and con- cabled invitations to Dean Lough and tented that I don't believe any of them Governor Henry Allen of the round- when they say they are going back to the-world university cruise, which have Hawaii. been accepted. "The Pan-Pacific Association of "Yesterday I spoke at the Rotary Japan banquets the science delegates Club, which has about 50 members. next week, Prince Tokugawa presiding." 14 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN Decoration from Annam's Emperor Mlle. Cecyl Holliday, who was decor- In stenography the ears are left free, ated by the Emperor of Annam for whereas with verbatim translation, one services rendered the scientists from ear at least, if not part of another, must French Indo China at the Pan-Pacific be kept open to hear what the speaker Food Conservation conference was in- is saying, and yet, full attention must be troduced by Governor Farrington as a given to the translation, though after guest of honor at the Pan-Pacific club . some practise the lips utter the thought on the occasion of the decoration. Ex- almost mechanically. plaining in simple language why she had You would be surprised, should you been decorated she said : make the attempt to do this, at the pe- The director of your union has asked culiarities of each speaker. Some me to tell you in a few words about the speakers use a great many adjectives ; work I did for the First Pan-Pacific in that case the interpreter must wait Food Conservation conference. It started for the noun, because in French the ad- in this way : Dr. Howard, Chief Ento- jectives generally follow the noun, so if mologist, United States Department of the sentence should be, "The Gambusia Agriculture, Chairman of the Congress, affinis mosquito-eating fish is the only was a guest at the home of Mr. and one surviving in Hawaii," the word Mrs. Willard of the Government Ex- "fish" must come first in French, and in periment Station, and as Dr. Howard the pause for the noun which is to fol. had traveled in France, these charming low "Gambtisia affiinis mosquito-eating" hosts 'thoughtfully invited me to a din- the eager listener naturally exclaims, ner party to meet him. "Que dit-il ?"—"What is he saying ?"— Anyone who is acquainted with Dr. and in the meantime the speaker goes on Howard knows that it is needless to say I with his discourse. lost my heart to him, and when he made the request, through Mr. Willard, that I I can heartily recommend this method would act as interpreter to the scientists of verbatim translation as a sure remedy from French Indo-China, I could not re- against going to sleep in church during fuse, though, as I thought of all the the sermon. meetings I should have to attend, and of I am not going to minimize, through all the speeches I should have to trans- any false modesty, the importance of the late, I was somewhat reluctant. work I undertook, for the Pan-Pacific The meetings and addresses, however, Conference was a significant one proved to be intensely interesting ; I was throughout the world, its object being amply rewarded for giving up the preci- one of international interest, and by my ous days of my well-earned vacation, by help the delegates from Indo China were the wealth of information gained at the enabled to cooperate intelligently with conference ; by the acquaintance I made the leading scientists of other nations. of the many learned men and women who attended the various functions ; and It is evident that the Government of by the alertness of ear and tongue which Indo China recognizes the value of the I acquired in listening to and translat- Pan-Pacific Union and has taken this ing the addresses of the scientists from gracious way, not only to acknowledge all parts of the Pacific coast. the small part I took in the conference, I wonder how many of you have tried but to express appreciation of the world- to translate, or even to repeat a lecture wide benefits resulting from the Pan- or sermon verbatim. Pacific organization. PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN 15 A Pan-Pacific Art Project

Wm. Alanson Bryan, now director of has also alluded to other work of the the new $10,000,000 Los Angeles Mu- museum. I shall speak of the col- seuin, was for many years a botanist lection of pleistocene fossils, of which in Hawaii and was the first employee of I have spoken before, but in order that the Pan-Pacific Union more than a de- you may be clear on this I will say that cade ago. Recently he returned to Ha- about twenty-five years ago within the waii for a visit and addressed the Pan- region known as Rancho DeBrea the tar Pacific Club, as follows : coming to the surface of the ground in this section brought with it the pre- Since I have been in Los Angeles I have been connected with the Los served bones of perhistoric animals. The fact developed that these had been ac- Angeles Museum as director of that in- cumulating in these pools from the stitution. We are striving to build up in pleistocene time on down to the present. that community an institution in pro- Geologists place the time allowance of portion to the size of our city. Our plans four hundred to forty thousand years. are about completed and we have started We have taken carloads of bones of on the building program. We have just animals from these pits. For example this last year completed the first unit of we have over 1200 skulls of the shark the Los Angeles Museum of History, toothed tiger, and other animals in pro- Science and Arts which gives to that portion-100 species of mammals. So institution more than three times the you can see that it is a point of great floor space when I took• charge. The scientific inference. The owner of this plan is to build this institution in ten property transferred some 28 acres of units. The second will cost a million this land to the museum to be maintained and a half. One third of this amount is as a scientific park. Those of you who now available. The work of building of have visited Los Angeles and have this museum is progressing to my entire driven along Wilshire Boulevard have satisfaction. When the great editor was probably seen these tar pools and will about to pass to his great reward, he appreciate the reason that I am speaking gave to the community his beautiful resi- of them and will appreciate the difficulty dence property just across the street that confronted me in trying to make of from Wesley Park with the understand- ing that it was to become an art insti- this a respectable looking place. The plan tute. The gift was received and placed that I developed which has been adopted under the control of the Los Angeles by the Board of Supervisors and gov- Museum as a department of that institu- ernors of the museum was to plant 125 tion. At the time I took up my work feet back a park screen and use a space there the institute was in 'its second year in front of this 30 to 50 feet to plant and had an attendance of 128 art stu- hedges of hibiscus and the generosity of dents. Art students are a different sort my friends in Hawaii is making this pos- of animals than real students. They go sible. So I plan that within the next year for three or four months or until some- or two we will have in Los Angeles more one criticizes their work and then stop. kinds of hibiscus growing in one place We now have the largest and best than you have here. Whether you like it or not, I have carefully managed this in equipped art institute west of the great order that I migh leave in Los Angeles art institute of Chicago. some sort of memento to this land that The director of the Pan-Pacific Union I love. The work I am happy to say, of 16 PAN-PACIFIC UNION BULLETIN accumulating the collection of hibiscus Arts to open in permanent buildings in has been made easy through the interest Los Angeles. The Los Angeles Museum and generosity of you people here. This will form one of those buildings. This collection when finished will be properly will be opened in 1931 and continue and suitably labeled with a tablet that through 1932. In 1932 Los Angeles ex- will bear the facts that these are Ha- pects to have as its guests the Olytnpic waiian hibiscus originated in these Isles games. These will be held in the of Bliss and contributed by those f ore- coliseum in Exposition Park which can most in the cultivation of hibiscus in seat 125 thousand and will be so con- this country. I believe that this collec- structed that the seating capacity can be tion of hibiscus on this Boulevard will doubled. If you should decide to come do more to advertise Hawaii than any- to this, we will see that you have a seat, thing done by the Chamber of Com- and will give you the treat of your life merce or any one else. And I have a as far as the decorative, arts are con- suspicion that a great many of the tour- cerned. We do not plan to have a ma- ists we have will have a desire to come chinists hall, a woman's building, etc., but down here and see the complete collec- will bring together all the finest work tion and environment that made this.col- being done by contemporary artists of lection possible. the world. We will also bring together The museum as an institution is one examples of historical art of the world devoted to history, science and art—a and through our connections with the three ring circus, and from what I have different art museums we will be able said, you will gather that we have sev- to do this. We are relying on the good eral side shows. The Board of Gov- will and good thought of our friends in ernors approved of bringing together a Hawaii to help make this thing possible Pan-American Exhibition of paintings in your sister city. All I can ask of you and commissioned me to secure them at this time is your good will and if you for the opening of the first unit of the approve of having an exhibition of this museum. I negotiated with twenty-one kind so close to your shores so far away governments of this hemisphere. I was as 1931, I hope you will express that to happy to have the canvasses of Mr. the Chamber of Commerce. Ideas of Wilder and Mr. Hitchcock of Hawaii this kind are of ten more effective when hanging with those of f ormost artists of they come from some one else's city. So our hemisphere. There were over 500 I have come down here among friends canvasses viewed by 25,000 people. The that I can rely on and I can assure you attendance at the museum this past year that they are all cordially interested in has exceeded 1,000,000. this plan. One of the things that rather The time is now approaching when we stumps men in Los Angeles and that is think about what shall be done in Los tackling a big thing. But it is my Angeles to celebrate the 150th an- opinion and the opinion of other men niversary of the founding of Los with whom I have discussed this, that an Angeles. It has been suggested that exhibition of this kind would give to in the place of trying to have a this community the right of being called great world's fair, which we could do— a great art center. I hope to see this I believe that we have picked out the accomplished. The community is so thing that we feel will be of the most located that without a doubt it is destined value to us as a city and to the U. S. to have a far reaching influence on the as a whole. The suggestion is well ex- history of the world. My 'hope is that plained by the title what we propose to this may be along the line of finer do—a exhibition of Fine and Applied things. ADVERTISING SECTION

THE MID-PACIFIC

CAPTAIN 1Z. CRAWFORD, C0.17,076”CAV of

M.S."Aorangi," Queen of the Pacific. From Vancouver via Honolulu, Suva, Auckland to Sydney The Canadian-Australasian Royal Mail Union Steam Ship Co. boats for other line of steamers maintains a regular cruises. four-weekly service by palatial steamers The Niagara of the Canadian-Austra- between the Canadian-Pacific Railway lasian Royal Mail Line is one of the terminus at Vancouver, B. C., and Syd- finest vessels afloat on the Pacific. The ney, Australia, via Honolulu, Suva, Fiji, M.S. "Aorangi," the largest motorship in and Auckland, New Zealand. the world, makes the trip from Vancouver In itself this is a South Sea cruise de to Sydney in about three weeks. luxe, but at Suva one may rest a bit, Either from Australia or Canada there are tempting visits across the Pa- cruise by local steamer among the Fi- cific via the South Sea Islands. From jian Islands, then take a Union Steam Australia this is the richest and most Ship Co. of New Zealand palatial flyer comfortable route to London and the for a visit to Samoa, Tonga, and New European Continent. Zealand, or if the trip by the Canadian- Both the Canadian-Australasian Royal Australasian vessel is continued to Auck- Mail Line and the Union Steam Ship Co. land, here again by the Union Steam Ship of New Zealand have offices in the chief Co. vessels are cruised to every part of cities of the Pacific. In Honolulu, Theo. New Zealand, to the Cook Islands, or to H. Davies & Co., Ltd., are the agents. Tahiti. In fact, one may return by The steamers of these lines are famous these steamers to San Francisco via for their red smokestacks. In fact, this Papeete, Tahiti, with a stop-over at the affiliated company is known s the Red famous French possession. Funnel Line. The red funne is familiar If the trip from Vancouver is con- in every port of Australia and the tinued to its terminus, Sydney, here South Seas, to say nothing of California again one may secure bookings on the and Pacific Canada. ADVT. 2 THE MID-PACIFIC AROUND ABOUT HONOLULU

The Moana Hotel at Waikiki

The Territorial Hotel Company, Ltd., gathers baggage from every part of the maintains the splendid tourist hotel at city for delivery to the out-going Waikiki Beach, the Moana, facing the steamers. This company receives and surf, as well as the Seaside family puts in storage, until needed, excess bag- hotel nearby. Down town it conducts gage of visitors to Honolulu and finds the world-known Alexander Young many ways to serve its patrons. Hotel. The Honolulu Motor Coach Co., The Honolulu Rapid Transit Co. Ltd., has brought Schofield Barracks maintains an electric train system to within hourly service of Honolulu. practically every portion of the city. The busses leave on schedule time The cars pass all of the hotels, so that from the office in the yard of the visitors may reach the city, mountains, Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. on Hotel or the beach by the commodious open Street, stopping at the Young Hotel. cars of the company, from which there These spacious safety coaches are is an ever-moving panorama of moun- splendidly equipped and travelers enjoy tain, sea, and valley, besides visions of every comfort and security during the the loveliest city in the Pacific. delightful ride. Round the island and other trips can be arranged by calling Ishii's Gardens, Pan-Pacific Park, on phone 3666. Kuakini street, near Nuuanu avenue, constitute one of the finest Japanese tea The Oahu Ice & Cold Storage Com- gardens imaginable. Here some wonder- pany has spacious buildings at Hustace ful Japanese dinners are served, and and Cooke streets. It receives all kinds visitors are welcomed to the gardens at of fruits, meats and vegetables, where all times. Adjoining these gardens are they may be kept in perfect condition the wonderful Liliuokalani gardens and for months at negligible cost and always the series of waterfalls. Phone 5611. ready to be drawn upon. This Com- pany has erected buildings for its cold The City Transfer Company at 833 storage service that are a credit to any Nuuanu Street has its motor trucks city and are well worth a visit. Tele- meet all incoming steamers and it phone No. 6131.

ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 3 THE CONTINENT OF AUSTRALIA Sixty million people living at the more than seven thousand feet in Anglo-Saxon standard of existence height, on the slopes of which in win- might find happy homes on the ocean ter all Australia goes skiing; and in fringe of the great island continent of summer the adjacent streams provide Australia. trout fishing equal to any in the world. Within a comparatively few miles of Victoria is perhaps the garden state the ocean which every Anglo-Saxon of Australia and here is located the loves, Australia has a wealth of re- present seat of government, Melbourne sources and scenery equal to that of the magnificent. Victoria has her famed

Every Australian state has its mountain scenery. any country in the world. This is the mountain and seaside resorts, as has wool, wheat and cattle country par ex- South Australia, the adjoining state, cellence. Here grow trees that marvel with Adelaide the beautiful as its in height those of the giant groves of capital. From this city to Perth, the California. In Queensland to the north capital of West Australia, more thar is a vast natural hothouse where every two thousand miles distant, is a straight. fruit of the tropics may be grown. away track almost without a curve, and from the train may sometimes be seen From Sydney, a city of a million, the Australian aboriginal and his boom- now building the world's greatest erang in action. bridge across its incomparable harbor, it Tasmania, Australia's island state, is is but sixty miles by rail or motor to reached by steamers from Sydney, Mel- the wondrous Blue Mountains, in which bourne and New Zealand ports. It is the world's greatest limestone caverns the apple and fruit orchard of the and Jenolan Caves are to be found. southern hemisphere, and about Hobart, In New South Wales also is Mt. its capital, is some of the finest moun- Kosciusko, Australia's highest peak, tain and forest scenery ADVT. 4 THE MID-PACIFIC Home Hotels in Honolulu

The Donna Hotel, 1286 S. Beretania, is delightfully situated within ten min- utes' ride from the center of Honolulu. Here, amidst the surroundings of a sub- tropical park, one may enjoy all the comforts of home. The rooms in the main buildings or in one of the attrac- tive screened cottages are cheery, well- furnished, and have hot and cold run- ning water. The delicious home cooked meals are served at little cozy tables which are grouped about an artistical- The Halekulani Hotel and Bunga- ly decorated open lanai. Permanent lows, 2199 Kalia Road, "on the Beach rates are $65 a month or $3.00 a day at Waikiki." Famous hau tree lanai and up. along the ocean front. Rates, from $4.00 per day to $100.00 per month and up, Gray's by the Sea is one of the most American plan. Clifford Kimball. delightful estates facing the surf at Waikiki, a desirable family hotel in tropical surroundings. Cottages for two, three or four may be had at moderate At Child's Blaisdell Hotel and Restau- prices, with the very best of sea bath- rant, at Fort Street and Chaplain Lane, ing right at the door. Tourists as well Child's Hotels and Apartment Service as permanent guests receive a cordial accommodations are masters at getting welcome. La Vancha M. Gray, pro- you settled in real home-like style. If you prietor. wish to live in town there is the Child's Blaisdell Hotel in the very heart of the The MacDonald Hotel is a stately city, with the palm garden restaurant mansion surrounded by cottages amid where everything is served from a sand- sub-tropical foliage. It is located at wich to an elegant six-course dinner. 1402 Punahou Street in the great resi- dence district of Honolulu. There are Then on one of the choice spots of tennis courts on the grounds, and the Waikiki Beach there is Child's Pierpoint transient as well as the permanent resi- Hotel, American plan—and the Child dent has here all the comforts of home Marigold Apartments, which are com- at the reasonable rates of $3 a day or pletely furnished little beach homes in $65 a month. The guests enjoy deli- themselves. cious home-cooked meals, which are also served to outsiders. This hotel is near Central Union Church and Oahu Col- lege. Vida Villa Hotel and cottages are on the King street car line above Thomas The Colonial Hotel and cottages on Square. This is the ideal location for Emma street are in the midst of a de- those who go to the city in the morn- lightful residence park district, on the ing and to the beach or golfing in the car line, but within a moment's walk afternoon. The grounds are spacious of the business center of the city. An and the rates reasonable. This hotel has excellent cuisine under skilled direction been under the same management for a is maintained. Historic Honolulu is score of years, which speaks for itself. also but a moment's walk from the Both transient tourists and pe-:- 1nent Colonial, and it is but a brief stroll to guests are welcomed. the hills.

ADVT.

THE MID-PACIFIC 5 WONDERFUL NEW ZEALAND

Scenically New Zealand is the world's wonderland. There is no other place in the world that offers such an aggrega- tion of stupendous scenic wonders. The West Coast Sounds of New Zealand are in every way more magnificent and awe- inspiring than are the fjords of Norway. New Zealand was the first country to perfect the government tourist bureau. She has built hotels and rest houses throughout the Dominion for the bene- fit of the tourist. New Zealand is splen- didly served by the Government Rail- ways, which sell the tourist for a very low rate, a ticket that entitles him to travel on any of the railways for from one to two months. Direct information may be secured by writing to the New Zealand Department of Tourist and Health Resorts, Wellington, New Zea- land. An ancient Maori stockade

SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY COMPANY

South Manchuria Railway Company Cheap Overland Tours

Travellers and Tourists journeying Modern Hotels under the Company's between Tokyo and Peking should travel via the South Manchuria Rail- management are established on foreign way, which runs from Antung to Muk- lines at Mukden, Changchun, Port Ar- den and passes through magnificent thur, Dairen and Hoshigaura (Star scenery. At Mukden the line connects Beach). with the Peking Mukden Line and the Mail line of the South Manchuria Rail- Illustrated booklets and all informa- way, running from Dairen to Chang- tion post free on request from the South chun where connection is made with Manchuria Railway Company. the Chinese Eastern Railway for Har- bin. DAIREN The ordinary daily trains have sleep- Branch Offices : Tokyo, Osaka, Shi- ing accommodation. Steamer connec- monoseki, Shanghai, Peking, Harbin tions between Dairen, Tsingtao and and New York. Shanghai by the Dairen Kisen Kaisha's excellent passenger and mail steamers. Cable Address : "MANTETSU" or \\Tireless telegraphy and qualified doc- "SMRCO." CODES : A.B.C. 5th, 6th tors on board. Ed., Al., Lieber's and Bentley's. ADVT. 6 THE MID-PACIFIC LEADING AUTOMOBILES IN HAWAII

Im- The P. M. Pond. Company, with spa- The von Hamm-Young Co., Ltd., cious quarters on Beretania and Alapai porters, Machinery Merchants, and lead- streets, act as distributors of the sturdy, ing automobile dealers, have their offices low-priced car for the tropics, of the and store in the Alexander Young finest quality, the Studebaker Standard Building, at the corner of King and Six Duplex Phaeton, the most powerful Bishop streets, and their magnificent car for its size and weight, with roller automobile salesroom and garage just side enclosures giving protection in in the rear, facing on Alakea Street. stormy weather by a move of the hand. Here one may find almost anything. The cash price of this exclusive car in Phone No. 6141. Honolulu is $1,485.00. The Royal Hawaiian Sales Co., with agencies in Honolulu, Hilo and Wailuku, The Universal Motor Co., Ltd., with has its spacious headquarters on Hotel spacious new buildings at 444 S. Bere- and Alakea streets, Honolulu. This tania street, Phone 2397, is agent for company is agent for the Oldsmobile the Ford car. All spare parts are kept Six, a perfectly balanced six-cylinder in stock and statements of cost of re- car, sold in Honolulu at $1,135, giving pairs and replacements are given in ad- the highest kind of service at a very vance so that you know just what the moderate price. The Royal Hawaiian amount will be. The Ford is in a class Sales Co. is also the agency for the by itself. The most economical and famous Chevrolet, the lowest-priced of least expensive motor car in the world. all real automobiles. The Graystone Garage, Ltd., at Bere- The Schuman Carriage Co., besides tania and Punchbowl streets, is agent handling the Ford car, is agent for the for several exclusive cars : the Paige, Essex car, Honolulu price $1,105, and the most beautiful car in America ; the the Hudson Super-Six, Honolulu price Jewett, "in all the world no car like $1,575. The Hudson-Essex is now the this" ; the Willys-Knight, a marvel of largest selling six-cylinder car in the engineering in every detail, and the world. On the island of Maui the Schu- Overland, with bigger engine, bigger man Carriage Co. is represented at Wai- power, bigger comfort and bigger value luku by the Maui Motors Co., and on than any. All of these cars may be seen Kauai by the Garden Island Motor Co., and examined at the spacious ware- Lihue. rooms. The Hupmobile, fours and eights, is The Chrysler Four and Six Cylinder represented in Honolulu by Burgess & Cars, the culmination of all past ex- Johnson, Ltd., 237-243 S. Beretania periences in building automobiles, is Street. This is the first time Hupmo- represented in Hawaii by the Honolulu bile has made a Six Cylinder and the Motors, Ltd., 850 S. Beretania street. motor-car buying public should see this The prices of Four Cylinder Cars range car before making a decision on anoth- from $1200 to $1445 and those of the er make of car in its class. This firm Six from $1745 to $2500. The Chryslers also represents the Pierce-Arrow Motor are meeting with remarkable sales rec- Car Co. and the Reo Motor Car Co. In ords as a distinct departure in motor tires they find Mohawk Heavy-Duty cars. Cords go farther. THE MID-PACIFIC 7

Levers & Cooke schooner unloading lumber at railway wharf.

Lewers & Cooke, Limited, have, since They are also agents for many build- 1852, been headquarters for all varieties ing specialties, Celotex, Colormix, Bish- of building material, lumber, hollow opric Stucco, corrugated Zinc, Los tile, cement, brick, hardwoods, oak Angeles Pressed Brick Company prod- flooring ; as well as tools of the leading ucts and architectural Terra Cotta, manufacturers, wall papers, Armstrong United States Metal Products Company linoleums, domestic and oriental rugs, Steel Windows, the Kawneer Company and the superior paints made by W. P. line, and prepared roofings and roofing Fuller & Co. tile. OAHU RAILWAY AND LAND COMPANY

Loading sugar cane on one of the plantations on the line of the Oahu Railway—the scenic route around the island from Honolulu. ADVT. 8 THE MID-PACIFIC MODERN BANKING IN HONOLULU

NEW HOME BANK OF BISHOP & CO., LTD. The S. M. Damon Building pictured above is occupied by the Bank of Bishop & Co., the oldest bank in the Territory. Organized in 1858, the name Bishop & Co. has long been known by travelers for its service and welcome. Bishop Street, Honolulu, T. H.

The First National Bank of Hawaii Liberty Loan drives and thrift cam- demonstrates the many ways in which paigns in which its President, Mr. L. a bank can serve. It has recently Tenney Peck, served as chairman of the moved into its own building, one of the Territorial Central Committee. architectural splendors of Honolulu, on The Bank of Hawaii, Limited, incor- Bishop and Fort Streets, where both the porated in 1897, has reflected the solid, First National Bank of Hawaii and the substantial growth of the islands since First American Savings and Trust the period of annexation to the United Company of Hawaii, Ltd., closely affili- States. Over this period its resources ated with the First National Bank and have grown to be the largest of any functioning as a savings bank, are con- financial institution in the islands. In tinuing their growing business in a 1899 a savings department was added home built to meet their exact require- to its other banking facilities. Its home ments. business office is at the corner of Fort and Merchant streets, and it maintains It was less than four months after branches on the islands of Hawaii, Hawaii became a territory of the United Kauai, and Oahu, enabling it to give to States that the First National Bank of the public an extremely efficient Bank- Hawaii opened its doors. During the ing Service. It will shortly erect on war the First National Bank played a Bishop street, opposite the Alexander prominent part in furthering the inter- Young Hotel, a new bank building to ests of the government in the various become its permanent home. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 9

THE WORLD'S MOST DELICIOUS PINEAPPLE Canned Hawaiian Pineapple is con- cooking. It is identical with the sliced sidered by epicures to possess the finest in quality and is canned by the same flavor in the world. Because of exceed- careful sanitary methods. ingly favorable conditions in soil and Many tasty recipes for serving Hawai- climate, and remarkable facilities for ian Pineapple in delicious desserts, salads canning immediately the sun-ripened and refreshing drinks are suggested in a fruit, the Hawaiian product has attained recipe book obtainable without cost at a superiority enjoyed by no other canned the Association of Hawaiian Pineapple fruit. Canners, P.O. Box 3166, Honolulu. Crushed Hawaiian Pineapple is meet- Readers are urged to write, asking for ing favor because of its convenience in this free book.

FERTILIZING THE SOIL Millions of dollars are spent in Hawaii fertilizing the cane and pineapple fields. The Pacific Guano and Fertilizer Com- pany, with large works and warehouses in Honolulu, imports from every part of the Globe the many ship loads of ammonia, nitrates, potash, sulphur and guano that go to make the special fertilizers needed for the varied soils and conditions of the isl- ands. Its chemists test the soils and then give the recipe for the particular blend of fertilizer that is needed This great industry is one of the results of successful sugar planting in Hawaii, and without fertilizing, sugar growing in the Hawaiian Islands could not be successful. This company began operations in Mid- way Islands years ago, finally exhausting its guano beds, but securing others.

AD VT. 10 THE MID-PACIFIC I Banking and Business in Honolulu

The Hawaiian Trust Company, Lim- The Bishop Trust Company, Limited, ited, of Honolulu, is the oldest and is one of the oldest and largest Trust largest trust company in the Territory Companies in Hawaii. It now shares of Hawaii. How successful it has be- with the Bishop Bank its new home on come may be gathered from the fact Bishop, King and Merchant Sts., known that it has real and personal property as the S. M. Damon Building, jointly under its control and management with owned and occupied by the Bishop a conservative, approximate value of Trust Company, Ltd., and the Bank of $50,000,000. The resources of this or- Bishop & Co., Ltd. One of the many ganization as of June 30, 1926, amount- attractive features of its new quarters ed to $3,546,096.39 with capital of $1,- is the Safe Deposit Vaults which are 250,000 ; surplus, $750,000 ; special re- the largest, strongest and most conve- serve, $50,000, and undivided profits of nient in the Territory. $187,572.22, making the total surplus of resources over liabilities $2,237,572.22. The Henry Waterhouse Trust Co., The full significance of these figures Ltd., was established in 1897 by Henry will appear when it is remembered that Waterhouse, son of a pioneer, incor- the laws of Hawaii provide that a Trust porated under the present name in 1902, Company may not transact a banking Mr. Robert Shingle becoming president, business. Mr. E. D. Tenney is presi- and Mr. A. N. Campbell treasurer of dent and chairman of the board and the corporation. The company now has Mr. J. R. Galt is senior vice-president a paid-up capital of $200,000 and a sur- and manager. plus of an almost equal amount. The The International Trust Company, spacious quarters occupied by the Henry with offices on Merchant street, is, as Waterhouse Trust Co., Ltd., are on the its name indicates, a really Pan-Pacific corner of Fort and Merchant streets. financial organization, with leading American and Oriental business men The Liberty Investment Company conducting its affairs. Its capital stock Ltd., at 942 Bethel Street, does a busi is $200,000 with resources of over ness in real estate, insurance loans anc $300,000. It also conducts a real estate investihents. It has successfully handled Department. some of the choicest divisions in Hawaii, The Union Trust Company, Ltd., oc- including beautiful seaside coconut groves cupying a building on Alakea street, be- that have been cut up into choice build- tween Hotel and King (1025 Alakea ing lots as well as city tracts that have street), was incorporated in 1921, en- been transformed into new residence gages in all lines of trust business, and areas for those who wish to own their as agents for individuals, firms and cor- own homes at a moderate price. porations, invites correspondence. Its resources are well over a million. Pacific Trust Company, Ltd., in Hono- The Trent Trust Company, with spa- lulu, and the Baldwin Bank, Ltd., Kahu- cious offices on Fort street, grew from lui and Wailuku, Maui, are allied in- the real estate and general agency busi- stitutions. The combined assets of ness established in 1904 by Richard H. these two institutions amount to over Trent, known as the Trent Company. four and a half million dollars. Pacific It was incorporated in 1907 under its Trust Company, Ltd., has its offices at present name. With it is closely asso- 185 S. King Street, in the Lewers & ciated the Mutual Building and Loan Cooke Building, and is growing rapidly Society, which promotes and finances under the careful mangement of a num- the building of homes. ber of Honolulu's leading business men. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 11

The Home i;miding in Honolulu of the American Factors, Ltd., Plantation Agents and Wholesale Merchants.

Tasseled sugar cane almost ready for the cutting and crushing at the mills. ADVT 12 THE MID-PACIFIC ON FASHIONABLE FORT STREET

The commodious and palatial sales- for your mansion, or a tiny upright rooms of Jeffs Fashion Co., Incorpor- Boudoir for your cottage ; and if you ated, Honolulu's leading establishment are a transient it will rent you a piano. for women who set the pace in modern The Bergstrom Music Company, Phone dress, is at the Mauka (Mountainward) 2294. Ewa corner of Fort and Beretania The Sonora Shop, 1158 Fort Street, Streets, where all cars pass. This is handles high grade pianos and Sonora the head and beginning of Honolulu's Phonographs, together with a full line great shopping area on Fort Street. At of Victor, Vocalion and Odeon Records "Jeffs" the fashions in women's dress by the best orchestras in Europe ; but in Honolulu are set, and here the tourist its specialty is the new Pathex Motion and visitor may outfit and be sure of Picture Camera and Projector. The appearing in the latest styles. Pathex Camera takes motion pictures Diagonally across the street from just as easily and at no greater cost The Hawaii Photo Mate- than taking photographs, and you can "Jeffs" is screen them in your own home with the home of the "Brownie rials Co., your Pathex Projector. Camera and Camera," and every supply in films and Projector complete with tripod and car- photographs which the purchaser can rying case, $102.50. conceive. Here may be secured the are wonderful color photos of Hawaii that The Bailey Furniture Co., Ltd., have made the islands famous. now displaying at their store, ir8o Fort Street, the finest line of furniture and The Office Supply Co., Ltd., on Fort draperies that Honolulu has ever seen. street near King, is as its name denotes, Their drapery department is under the the perfectly equipped store where every able management of Mr. Moreido. He is kind of office furniture and supplies a master Interior Decorator and is al- are on display. This is the home of ways pleased to submit plans for mak- the Remington typewriter and of type- ing your home "A Better Home." The writer repairing. Offices are completely famous Nachman Mattress is also a fea- outfitted at quickest notice. The Com- ture of this store. Try a Nachman for pany also maintains an up-to-date com- better sleep. pletely stocked sporting goods depart- The "Flower Shop," at 1120 Fort ment. Street, is Honolulu's leading floral es- There is one East Indian Store in Ho- tablishment. It is a complete palace nolulu, and it has grown to occupy spa- of flowers and well worth a visit, or you cious quarters on Fort Street, No. 1150 may call No. 2690 and have the choicest Fort, Phone No. 2571. This is the head- flowers sent to departing friends on the quarters for Oriental and East Indian boat, or to acquaintances at home or in curios as well as of Philippine embroid- the hotels, or to weddings or funerals. eries, home-made laces, Manila hats, The choicest gardens in Hawaii supply Oriental silks, pongees, carved ivories "The Flower Shop," and any flowers and Indian brass ware. An hour may grown in the islands may be ordered. well be spent in this East Indian Bazaar Hawaii's oldest examining the art wares of Oriental E. 0. Hall & Son, and most reliable establishment, carries beauty. a large selection of golf and sporting Bergstrom Music Company, the lead- goods, athletic outfitting, general hard- ing music store in Hawaii, is located at ware, household goods, and are distribu- 1140 Fort Street. No home is complete tors for the Sherwin-Williams line of in Honolulu without an ukulele, a piano paints. Their fishing tackle department and a Victor talking machine. The carries a very fine line of deep sea rods, Bergstrom Music Company, with its big reels and lines of the finest manufac- store on Fort Street, will provide you ture. The big retail store is at the with these ; a WEBER or a Steck piano corner of Fort and Merchant Streets. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 13 ALEXANDER & BALDWIN

A canefield in Hawaii years ago when the ox team was in use. The firm of Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., Union Insurance Society of Canton, (known by everyone as "A. & B.") is Ltd., New Zealand Insurance Co., Ltd., looked upon as one of the most progres- Switzerland Marine Insurance Co. sive American corporations in Hawaii. The officers of this large and progres- Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd., are agents sive firm, all of whom are staunch sup- for the largest sugar plantations of the porters of the Pan-Pacific and other Hawaiian Islands and second largest in movements which are for the good of the world, namely, the Hawaiian Com- Hawaii, are as follows : mercial & Sugar Company at Puunene, Officers : W. M. Alexander, President ; Maui. They are also agents for many H. A. Baldwin, Vice-President ; J. other plantations and concerns of the Waterhouse, Vice-President ; W. 0. Islands, among which are the Maui Smith, Vice-President ; C. R. Hemen- Agricultural Company, Ltd., Hawaiian way, Vice-President ; J. P. Cooke, Treas- Sugar Company, McBryde Sugar Com- urer ; R. T. Rolph, Assistant-Treasur- pany, Ltd., Kahului Railroad Company, er ; R. G. Bell, Assistant-Treasurer ; R. Kauai Railway Company, Ltd., Baldwin E. Mist, Secretary ; D. L. Olsen, As- Packers, Ltd., Kauai Fruit & Land sistant-Secretary ; G. G. Kinney, Audit Company, Ltd., Haleakala Ranch Co., or. Directors : W. M. Alexander, H. and Ulupalakua Ranch, Ltd. A. Baldwin, J. Waterhouse, W. 0. In addition to their extensive sugar Smith, C. R. Hemenway, -F. F. Bald- plantations, they are also agents for the win, J. R. Galt, H. K. Castle, E. R. following well-known and strong in- Adams, R. T. Rolph, S. S. Peck, J. P. surance companies : American Alliance Winne, J. P. Cooke. Insurance Association, Ltd., Common- Besides the home office in the Stan- wealth Insurance Company, Home In- genwald Building, Honolulu, Alexander surance Company of New York, Newark & Baldwin, Ltd., maintain offices in Fire Insurance Company, Springfield Seattle, in the Melhorn Building and in Fire and Marine Insurance Company, the Matson Building, San Francisco. ADVT. 14 THE MID-PACIFIC INFORMATION ON HAWAII

Honolulu Paper Company, successor Love's Hawaiian Fruit Cake is the to "The Hawaiian News Co.," deals output of Love's Bakery in Honolulu. in Books of Hawaii. At Honolu- Its fame extends around the world. lulu's largest and most fashionable book Made of Hawaiian fresh tropical fruit it has a distinctive flavor that recalls store, in the Alexander Young Building, the papaias, mangoes, guavas, and pine- all the latest books may be secured, es- apples that it contains. It is mailed in pecially those dealing with Hawaii. five pound tins at $6.50 domestic and Here the ultra-fashionable stationery $7.50 foreign purchasers. of the latest design is always kept in stock together with the Royal and Co- The Honolulu Dairymen's Associa- rona typewriters, Marchant calculators tion supplies the pure milk used for children and adults in Honolulu. It and Sundstrand Adding Machines. also supplies the city with ice cream Here, also, music lovers will find a for desserts. Its main office is in the home for a complete line of musical Purity Inn at Beretania and Keeaumoku instruments, including the Edison Pho- streets. The milk of the Honolulu nograph and records. Dairymen's Association is pure, it is This store is one of the show places rich, and it is pasteurized. The Asso- of Hawaii in the very center of the ciation has had the experience of more great shopping district. than a generation, and it has called upon science in perfecting its plant and The Hawaii and South Sea its methods of handling milk and de- Curio Store on Bishop street, livering it in sealed bottles to its cus- in the Young Hotel is the tomers. largest and most var- Stevedoring in Honolulu is attended ied curio store in Hawaii. to by the firm of McCabe, Hamilton and It is open day and night, con- Renny Co., Ltd., 20 South Queen Street. venient to visitors, and has Men of almost every Pacific race are branches in both the Alex- employed by this firm, and the men of ander Young Hotel and in the Moana each race seem fitted for some particular Hotel at Waikiki. part of the work, so that quick and effi- cient is the loading and unloading of Sharp Signs have been known for vessels in Honolulu. half a century in Hawaii. "Tom" Sharp, as he is lovingly known to his Brown's Shoe Repairing Store on thousands of friends, is an artist of no Union, off Hotel street, is the one abso- mean order, and has done many paint lutely responsible place of its kind in ings in oils that have been used for Honolulu. Mr. Brown, a shoe man of a advertising purposes. What more nat- quarter of a century's experience, is in ural than that "Tom" Sharp should be personal charge and is known to all of elected president of the "Ad" Club of Honolulu's leading residents and to Honolulu. Every kind of sign is visitors who have need of shoe repair- painted, built, or manufactured in the ing. work shop of Tom Sharp at Punchbowl The Axtel Fence & Construction Co., and Beretania streets. Ltd., has an office at 2015 S. King St., The Island. Curio Company, at 170 Honolulu. Wm. Weinrich is Treasurer Hotel street, opposite the Alexander and Manager, and Raymond C. Axtell Young Hotel, is the home of Hawaiian Secretary. The firm acts as fence curios, stamps, coins, souvenirs and post builders, contractors and importers. It cards. This spacious art store is well has had an enviable career in Honolulu worth a visit. of many years' standing. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 15 CASTLE & COOKE

The Matson Navigation Company, of the Hawaiian Islands. It acts as agent maintaining the premier ferry service for some of the most productive plan- between Honolulu and San Francisco, tations in the whole territory and has have their Hawaiian agencies with Castle & Cooke, Ltd., and here may be been marked by its progressive methods secured much varied information. Here and all work connected with sugar pro- also the tourist may secure in the folder duction in Hawaii. It occupies a spa- racks, booklets and pamphlets descrip- cious building at the corner of Merchant tive of almost every part of the great and Bishop Streets, Honolulu. The ocean. ground floor is used as local passenger and freight offices of the Matson Navi- Castle & Cooke, Ltd., is one of the gation Company. The adjoining offices oldest and most reliable firms in Hono- are used by the firm of their business lulu. It was founded in the early pioneer as sugar factors and insurance agents ; days and has been a part of the history Phone 1251.

C. BREWER & COMPANY

C. Brewer & Company, Limited, Honolulu, with a capital stock of $8,000,000, was established in 1826. It represents the following Sugar Plantations: Olowalu Company, Hilo Sugar Company, Onomea Sugar Company, Honomu Sugar Company, Wailuku Sugar Company, Pepeekeo Sugar Company, Waimanalo Sugar Company, Hakalau Plantation Company, Honolulu Plantation Company, Hawaiian Agricultural Company, Kilauea Sugar Plantation Company, Paauhau Sugar Plantation Company, Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Company, as well as the Baldwin Locomotive Works, Kapapala Ranch, and all kinds of insurance. A DVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 16

The Honolulu Construction & Draying Co., Ltd., Bishop and Halekauwila Sts., Phone 4981, dealers in crushed stone, cement, cement pipe, brick, stone tile, and explosives, have the largest and best equipped draying and storage company in the Islands, and are prepared to handle anything from the smallest package to pieces weighing up to forty tons. The Waterhouse Co., Ltd., in the from Puget Sound, and other Pacific Alexander Young Building, on Bishop and East Coast ports. street, make office equipment their spe- The Thayer Piano Co., Ltd., at 148 cialty, being the sole distributor for the Hotel St., is "Honolulu's grand piano National Cash Register Co., the Bur- headquarters." On Hotel St. facing roughs Adding Machine, the Art Metal Bishop, the business block of Honolulu, Construction Co., the York Safe and it is convenient to all. Here may be Lock Company and the Underwood tested the Steinway and other makes Typewriter Co. They carry in stock of pianos, as well as the "Piano Play- all kinds of steel desks and other equip- ers." The company is agent for the Brunswick Phonograph with its superb ment for the office, so that one might records, as well as the Victor rec- at a day's notice furnish his office safe ords. A visit to this music store is against fire and all kinds of insects. worth while. Allen & Robinson have for genera- Honolulu is so healthy that people tions supplied the Hawaiian Islands don't usually die there, but when they do with lumber and other building ma- they phone in advance to Henry H. Wil- terials that are used for building in liams, 1374 Nuuanu St., phone number Hawaii ; also paints. Their office and 1408, and he arranges the after details. retail department are in their new If you are a tourist and wish to be inter- quarters at the corner of Fort and Mer- red in your own plot on the mainland, chant Sts., Honolulu, where they have Williams will embalm you ; or he will ar- been since June 1, 1925. The lumber range all details for interment in Hono- yards are located at Ala Moana and lulu. Don't leave the Paradise of the Ward Sts., where every kind of hard Pacific for any other, but if you must, let and soft wood grown on the Pacific Coast is landed by steamships that ply your friends talk it over with Williams. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 17 Honolulu as Advertised

The Liberty House, Hawaii's pioneer dry goods store, established in 1850; it has grown apace with the times until today it is an institution of service rivaling the most progressive mainland establishments in the matter of its merchandising policies and business efficiency. The Mellen Associates, Successors to The Honolulu Advertiser is Hawaii's The Charles R. Frazier Company, old- oldest newspaper and maintains a job de- est and most important advertising partment that has been built up with agency in the Pacific field, provide Ho- seventy years of effort of experience be- nolulu and the entire Territory of Ha- hind it. The Honolulu Advertiser gets out waii with an advertising and publicity all kinds of half-tone and color work, prints service of a very high order. The or- books and publishes a number of period- ganization, under the personal direction icals. The leading morning newspaper of George Mellen, maintains a staff of of Hawaii, it holds a unique position. writers and artists of experience and The Honolulu Gas Company has been exceptional ability, and departments for the pioneer in heating and in lighting handling all routine work connected the city. Honolulu is now a city of with placing of advertising locally, na- nearly a hundred thousand population tionally or internationally. The organi- and more than ever the people of the zation is distinguished especially for city cook with gas. The mains and originality in the creation and presenta- pipes have been laid even in the out- tion of merchandising ideas. lying districts so that the Honolulu Gas The Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 125 Company helps the city to grow. Merchant Street, prints in its job depart- The main office of this company is on ment the Mid-Pacific Magazine, and that Hotel Street near Fort, with extensive speaks for itself. The Honolulu Star- warehouses and repair shops in other Bulletin, Ltd., conducts a complete com- parts of the city. Gas is less expensive mercial printing plant, where all the de- in Honolulu than in almost any other tails of printing manufacture are per- city of its size in America. The gas is formed. It issues Hawaii's leading even- made from oil brought from California ing newspaper and publishes many elabor- and develops splendid lighting and heat- ate editions of books. ing qualities. AD VT. 18 THE MID-PACIFIC

The Architects and Engineers of Hawaii

The Architects Society of Hawaii has owner. The main offices are in the Yoko- organized, that the people of the Territory hama Specie Bank Building, with its mill may be kept informed as to what the archi- and factory at South Street. Many of tects established in Hawaii have done, the leading business buildings in Hono- what they are capable of doing, and why lulu have been constructed under the di- employment of their services should be rection of the Pacific Engineering Com- profitable to those who build in Hawaii. pany. Examples of the work of Honolulu Wright, Harvey & Wright, engineers architects may be seen in the city and in the Damon Building, have a branch throughout the islands. Call 4476 or 4468 office, and blue print shop at 855 Kaahu- for a list of residences and commercial manu Street. This firm does a general buildings designed and decorated by local surveying and engineering business, and architects and see for yourself what they has information pertaining to practically are doing. all lands in the group, as this firm has The architects of Hawaii are sincere in done an immense amount of work their stand that the difference between a throughout the islands. The blue print house and a home is decoration. Four department turns out more than fifty per walls and a roof make a house. When cent of the blueprinting done in Honolulu. they are arranged and augmented in a decorative way that subtlely expresses the Walker & Howland, with offices in the personality of the family, they become a new First National Bank Building on home. King and Bishop streets, are chiefly fire Architects in Honolulu become ac- protection engineers. They represent quainted with you. They can and will Grinnell Company of the Pacific, with its consult with you on every development of main offices in Los Angeles, this firm pro- the house that is to be your home, not ducing automatic sprinklers, pipes, valves, only in its larger phases, which make it and fittings, needed in architectural engin- suitable to the island climate and habits of eering work, and suited to a climate that life, but in its decorative features. has no winter and is ever gentle spring. Many of the finest residences and busi- Lewis Abshire, consulting engineer in ness and public buildings in Hawaii are the Lincoln Building, is developing much the creation of those who constitute the needed lines of work in connection with Architects Society of Hawaii. They will landscape engineering, construction, and be glad to meet you, and information re- surveying, as well as building. The office garding the society may be had by phon- is at 178 South King Street, room 2 Lib- ing to 4468 or 4476. erty Building, telephone 2453, with 79311 In the Architects Society of Hawaii as a home number. With his past experi- are Herbert Cohen, Damon Bldg. ; Davis ence of many years in Honolulu, Mr. Ab- & Fishbourne, Boston Bldg. ; C. W. shire is well acquainted with local condi- Dickey, Damon Bldg. ; Emory & Webb, tions and needs in building in Hawaii. James Campbell Bldg. ; Furer & Potter, Hawaiian Trust Bldg., Rothwell, Kan- The J. L. Young Engineering Co., geter & Lester, 82 Merchant St. ; Hart Ltd., acts as consulting engineers and Wood, Castle & Cooke Bldg. contractors, with offices at Kawaihao and The Pacific Engineering Company, King Streets,—telephone 2842 and 6247. Ltd., construction engineers and general J. L. Young is president and general contractors, is splendidly equipped to manager. The firm has a long career of handle all types of building construction, successful building for the Army, Navy, and execute building projects in minimum Government, and private corporations and time and to the utmost satisfaction of the individuals. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 19

Some of Honolulu's Leading Business Firms I

The Hawaiian Electric Co., Ltd., with Union Street, famous for its home cook- a power station generating capacity of ing. Miss Edna B. Harte has built this 32,000 K.W., furnishes lighting and restaurant up to its landmark position in power service to Honolulu and to the Honolulu by carefully supervising every entire island of Oahu. It also maintains department in person. its cold storage and ice-making plant, supplying the city with ice for home con- sumption. The firm acts as electrical con- Alton J. Cohn, Realtor, 316-317 Ha- tractors, cold storage, warehousemen, and waiian Trust Bldg., 116 South King deals in all kinds of electrical supplies, Street, has entered the real estate field completely wiring and equipping buildings with the up-to-date modern ideas of this and private residences. Its splendid new business, handling the best properties and offices facing the civic center are now satisfying the customer. Choice proper- under course of construction and will add ties in every part of Honolulu to suit another bit of architectural beauty to the every income are listed by this realtor, business section of Honolulu. who has found that he has had to take others into partnership to take care of The Consolidated Amusement Com- the increasing business. pany, as its name implies, is a consoli- dation of all of the leading theatres in Honolulu, featuring two of the most lux- The Ben Hollinger Co., Ltd., with urious theatres in the Pacific, the New Ben Hollinger as President and Mana- Princess and the Hawaii Theatre, where ger, owns and operates the Hollinger the latest first-run films are shown to the Garage, and is disbursing central for Honolulu public. The Consolidated the Vesta Battery Corporation, and Amusement Company supplies practically representatives for The Fisk Tire Com- all of the movie theatres in Hawaii with pany, Inc., in the Territory of Hawaii. their films and brings to the island every- The main offices of the company are thing that is worth bringing, showing at Alakea and Queen Streets, adjoining the great run pictures while they are still the garage. being seen in New York and Chicago. Visitors can always reserve seats at the The Rycroft Arctic Soda Company, theatres of the Consolidated Amusement on Sheridan Street, furnishes the high Company by phoning to the theatre grade soft drinks for Honolulu and selected. Hawaii. It manufactures the highest The Honolulu Music Company, 1107 grade ginger ale—Hawaiian Dry—from Fort Street, is the home of the Mason the fresh roots of the native ginger. It and Hamlin pianofortes in Hawaii. Here uses clear water from its own artesian Dame Nelly Melba purchased two of these well, makes its carbonated gas from superb instruments. The superb Knabe Hawaiian pineapples at the most up-to- piano also has its home here. Mr. Berg- date soda works in the Territory of Hawaii. strom, of Hawaii's one great family of music dealers, is manager of the Honolulu Music Company and here one may be A monument to the pluck and energy advised by experts as to the kind of of Mr. C. K. Ai and his associates is the musical instruments suited to Hawaii, as City Mill Company, of which he is well as the kind of music to secure. treasurer and manager. This plant at Queen and Kekaulike streets is one of Harte's Good Eats is the name of the Honolulu's leading enterprises, doing a restaurant in the Wolters Building on flourishing lumber and mill business. ADVT. 20 THE MID-PACIFIC

Honolulu Business Items

The Honolulu Planing Mill, of which Howard W. Laws, at Ala Moana John Lucas is President and Manager, Avenue and Ward St., is the general is the only planing mill in the Territory roofing contractor in Hawaii, being dis- electrically equipped, and it manu- tributor for Carey's roofing and build- factures its own electricity. This pioneer ing materials, telephone 5949. Before planing mill of Hawaii, established in putting on your roof in Hawaii, it is wise to secure expert advice on the 1864, has its workshops at Ala Moana, kind of roof the section you build in Coral and Keawe Streets, Honolulu, needs. Howard W. Laws can give this where it manufactures mouldings and advice with years of experience behind every conceivable need in building the his opinion. house and home. L. Fullard-Leo, the building con- The World's Dairy Farm is a title tractor, with a factory at Queen and which New Zealand, the greatest ex- Ward streets, is Honolulu's manufac- porter of milk products, has truly turer of hollow concrete building tiles, as earned. A mild, equable climate, care- well as of roof tiles and French floor ful herd selection, scientific manufacture tiles. A specialty is made of fibrous and a rigorous grading system, account plaster cement plate walls and of every for New Zealand's pre-eminence. kind of ornamental plastering, model- "Anchor" Brand Dairy Products repre- ing, imitation stone, etc. Excellent ex- sent the cream of the Dominion's output amples of this work may be seen in the and in 30 countries are acclaimed as new Castle & Cooke Building and in the the world's best. Bishop Bank building now nearing completion. Bailey's Groceteria is the big success of recent years in Honolulu business. The Hub Clothing House, at 79 The parent store at the corner of Queen S. Hotel Street, is just around the and Richard Sts., has added both a corner from Fort Street and in the bus- meat market and a bakery, while the iest portion of the city. Quick sales newly constructed branch building at make it possible to dispose of the con- Beretania and Piikoi is equally well stantly arriving stock of men's clothing equipped and supplied, so that the and apparel at the lowest prices in the housekeeper can select all that is needed city for the high class gentlemen's wear. in the home, or, in fact, phone her order to either house. Walker & Olund, Ltd., with headquar- ters at 820 Piikoi St., build with Walker The Metropolitan Meat Market on & Olund's concrete tile, and build per- King street, near Fort, is the most com- manently. This firm has contracts for pletely equipped meat market in the many of the big new business and other Territory of Hawaii, and the most sani- buildings now being erected in Hono- tary. It occupies its own building, lulu. Their feature of concrete tiling which is built and equipped on successful saves the trouble of double walls and principles of sanitation. Its splendid makes the home absolutely water-proof, meats are carefully selected and supplied bug-proof, and by actual test more fire- by the Hawaii Meat Company, which proof than the imported clay tile. Wal- operates its own cattle steamers between ker & Olund's concrete tile is slightly the islands, so that fresh and perfectly cheaper laid up in the wall than good fed beef is always on the counters, under double board construction, and a great glass, at the Metropolitan Meat Market. deal more weather resisting. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 21

Maui No Ka Oi (Maui is the best)

The Maui Chamber of Commerce is luku. The company is agent at Kahu- behind the plan for an auto road to the lui for the Inter-Island Steam Naviga- summit of Haleakala, earth's vastest tion Company and for the firm of Alex- crater, situated on the island of Maui, ander and Baldwin, Ltd. William its summit ten thousand feet above the Walsh is general manager. sea from which it will be distant, when the auto road is completed, scarce fifty miles of easy riding. The Chamber The Kahului Store, Wm. A. Sparks also advocates the round-the-island auto manager, is conducted by the Hawaiian road that now connects Wailuku and Commercial and Sugar Company. The Lahaina with Hana with the plan now immense store in Kahului carries every- to push the building of this auto route thing that is needed in plantation or entirely around the island of Maui. It home life, it maintains branches at was the Chamber that got behind the Puunene, Spreckelsville, and at Kihei. Maui Annual Fair, the best of its kind The plantation store is an institution in in the islands. All of the business men Hawaii, bringing everything that is of Maui are members of their Chamber, needed direct to the laborer and to and it stands for the progress of Maui workers of all kinds. No Ka Oi (Maui, Best Of All). The Hawaiian Cooperative Poultry As- The Wailuku Hotel is the delightful sociation with its poultry ranch and caravansary conducted by Mrs. George head offices at Wailuku, supplies the K. Trimble, enlarged from year to year island with its dressed poultry and eggs. until it is now one of the really up-to- It sometimes sends its produce to Hono- date hotels in the Territory with every lulu where there is a quick demand. convenience for the visitors. This hotel has a clientele of many years standing, This is an enterprise of Wm. F. Pogue drawing to itself the best of the travel- and his son. Mr. Pogue is also pro- ing public to which it caters. prietor of the Homelani Ranch with his sons who give it their personal service.

The Haleakala Ranch Company, with head offices at Makawao, on the Island The Paia Store, which is conducted of Maui, is, as its name indicates, a by the Maui Agricultural Co., Ltd., is cattle ranch on the slopes of the great managed by Fred P. Rosecrans. This mountain of Haleakala, rising 10,000 is one of the very big plantation de- feet above the sea. This ranch breeds partment stores in Hawaii. Every con- pure Hereford cattle and is looking to ceivable need of the housekeeper or a future when it will supply fine bred homemaker is kept in stock. The store cattle to the markets and breeders in Hawaii. covers an area of more than a city block in a metropolitan city, and is the department store adopted to the needs The Kahului Railroad Company, with of modern sugar plantation life. its main offices at Kahului on the Island of Maui, serves the island both as re- gards passenger and freight service, The Honolulu Dairymen's Association, with regular trains running to the Ltd., is represented on Maui by Fred Haiku district, Paia, Puunene and Wai- Lamb at Wailuku. ADVT. 22 THE MID-PACIFIC Hilo, Hawaii's Second City

Locate in Hilo.--The Chamber of Kilauea, thirty odd miles distant from Commerce of Hilo has its spacious quar- Hilo. It also sends passengers by auto ters in the Old Bank Building at the around the island of Hawaii or to any corner of Keawe and Waianuenue part of the island. Its cars meet the Streets, the very center of Hilo's busi- steamers at the wharf, or can be secured ness district. Those desiring informa- at any time by phoning either 82 or 92. tion concerning Hilo and its opportuni- John K. Kai is president and manager. ties are invited to call at the Chamber A letter or a wireless message to the which represents the interests of a city Peoples Garage, Hilo, will assure prompt of ten thousand inhabitants, as well as service and waiting cars. the general business interests of the Island of Hawaii, the largest island of Hilo as a Manufacturing Center.—The the group forming the Territory of Hawaiian Starch Co. is a Hilo enterprise Hawaii. Those who contemplate visit- that has the support of the entire terri- ing Hawaii or doing business in Hilo are tory. This company puts out a starch invited to correspond with the Chamber made from the edible canna that has of Commerce of Hilo, Milton Rice being twice the strength of other food starches, vice-president and manager. Hilo has so that only half the amount usually many important business houses, and specified in cook books may be used. from Hilo the various points of interest This is the starch par excellence for a on the Island are visited. dull laundry finish. Hawaiian sugar and Hawaiian pineapples are known the The Hilo Hotel is the rendezvous of world over as the highest standard, and the tourist and the visitor. Almost hid- it now seems that Hawaii will lead in den in a tropical garden facing the sea, producing a perfect starch. its bungalow cottages afford the maxi- mum of comfort. At the Hilo Hotel Hilo as a Cattle Market.—The Hilo rooms with or without baths may be Meat Co. at 12 Keawe Street is the town secured at moderate rates, and in the end of the Shipman ranch, V. D. Shutte, great dining hall the delicacies of Hawaii manager. This company supplies Hilo are served. The Hotel is conducted on and sometimes Honolulu with meat from the American plan. the famous Shipman ranch, of which Mr. W. H. Shipman has been the ex- Hawaii Consolidated. Railway, Ltd., perienced head for more than a genera- Hilo, Hawaii, the Scenic Railway of tion. Hawaii has made herself independ- Hawaii, one of the most spectacular ent of the mainland for meat of all kinds, trips in the world, thirty-four miles, and in the Hilo market there is a choice costing nearly $4,000,000.00 ; it crosses of the very best cuts from home raised 10 sugar plantations, 150 streams, 44 cattle from the Shipman ranch. bridges, 14 of which are steel from 98 to 230 feet high and from 400 to 1,006 The Moses Stationery Co., Ltd., Hilo, feet long, and many precipitous gorges Hawaii, of which E. Moses is president, lined with tropical trees, and with wa- has its main office and store at No. 55 terfalls galore ; sugar cane fields, vil- Kamehameha Avenue. They also con- lages, hundreds of breadfruit and co- trol and operate the Hawaii Music Co. coanut trees and palms along the way, in Hilo. In Honolulu two more stores and miles of precipices. W. H. Huss- are controlled—the Moses Office Equip- man, general freight and passenger ment Co., Ltd., at 72 South King Street, agent. also the Sonora Shop at 1158 Fort Motor Service from Hilo.—The Peo- Street, where the famous Sonora pho- ples Garage maintains a regular daily nographs and the Baldwin Piano are automobile service to the Volcano of featured. ADVT. THE MID-PACIFIC 23 Establish Your Business in Hilo

The First Trust Company of Hilo oc- Hilo's Department Store.—The E. N. cupies the modern up-to-date building Holmes Department Store on Waianue- adjoining the Bank of Hawaii on Keawe nue Street, near Kamehameha, is one of Street. This is Hilo's financial institu- the business landmarks of Hilo. Here tion. It acts as trustees, executors, audit- more than a generation of Hiloites has ors, realty dealers, guardians, account- bought its groceries, dry goods, men's ants, administrators, insurance agents, furnishings, crockery, household fur- and as your stock and bond brokers. niture, and all that goes to make home happy. Mr. Holmes is now assisted by You will need the services of the First his son in the management and the busi- Trust Company in Hilo whether you are ness still expands and keeps up with the a visitor, or whether you are to erect a times, keeping to the front as Hilo's one home or a business block. big department store. Own Your Home In Hilo.—The home Own Your Own Car in Hilo.—The or business builder in Hilo will need Volcano Stables and Transportation Charles H. Will, the foremost general Company, J. W. Webster, president ; and contractor of the big island of Hawaii. A. L. Ruddle, secretary and manager, is He is the first aid of the builder, with proprietor of the Volcano Garage. At an office in the Old Bank Building on Kamehameha and Pauahi Streets it has Waianuenue Street. His work is in road three acres of buildings and is agent and building, reinforced steel and concrete distributor for the two cars that stand buildings, a builder of bridges and alone in their separate classes,—the Ford wharves, streets and highways. Agent for everybody and the Studebaker for for the Polk System of Reinforced Con- those who desire a high-class car at a crete, Charles H. Will erects the concrete moderate price. The company is also chimneys, an important thing in a land of distributor for the Ford and White sugar mills. Estimates are furnished trucks, Fordson tractors, and the Good- on every class of construction work. year and Federal tires.

A cattle ranch on the Island of Hawaii. ADVT. 24 THE MID-PACIFIC

About the Big Island

Twice a week the Inter-Island Steam The Hilo Boarding School, Levi C. Navigation Compaq-1y dispatches its pala- Lyman manager, is a school for boys tial steamer, the "Haleakala" to Hilo, which combines academic and industrial leaving Honolulu at 4 P.M. on Tuesdays training. The afternoons are given to and Fridays, 6-riving at Hilo at 8 A.M. the learning of blacksmithing, carpentry, the next morning. This vessel leaves wood-turning, automobile polishing, Hilo every Thursday and Sunday aft- printing, some crafts and agriculture. ernoon at four for Honolulu, a fifteen- This is a forty acre farm. A crafts shop hour run. From Honolulu, the Inter- is maintained at 130 Kamehameha Ave- Island Company dispatches almost daily nue, and sales rooms of Hawaiian goods excellent passenger vessels to the island in koa, where the output of calabashes, of Maui and three times a week to the ukuleles, trays and novelties in koa may island of Kauai. There is no finer cruise •be obtained. Prices of these or informa- in all the world than a visit to all of the tion about the school is sent on request. Hawaiian Islands on the steamers of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company. The Bank of Bishop & Co., Ltd., has The head offices in Honolulu are on its Hilo branch at 12 Waianuenue Street Queen Street, where every information with sub branches at Kealakekua and at is available, or books on the different Alaa & Pahoa. Le Baron Gurney is the islands are sent on request. Tours of branch manager at Hilo, and the Bank of all the islands are arranged. Bishop & Co. serves the Island of Hawaii Connected with the Inter-Island Steam through its branch at Hilo, as it does the Navigation Company is the palatial Vol- entire group, from its palatial quarters cano House overlooking the everlasting in the modern up-to-date Damon building house of fire, as the crater of Halemau- in Honolulu, named after the long-time mau is justly named. A night's ride from Honolulu and an hour by auto- president of the Bishop Bank. mobile, and you are at the Volcano House, the one truly historic caravan- The Honolulu Dairymen's Association, sary of the Hawaiian Islands, recently Ltd., is represented by Russell L. Ran- reconstructed and turned into a modern som as manager in Hilo, with dairy at up-to-date hotel of luxury for the tour- ist and those from Honolulu and Hilo Piopio and Kamehameha Streets. spending vacations at the Volcano. Should you wish to continue at leisure Hawaii's Famous Coffee.—The Cap- your sightseeing or business trip around tain Cook Coffee Company produces and the Island of Hawaii, there are hotels handles the standard coffee of Hawaii, every few miles. and this product, "Kona" Coffee, has Building on the Island of Hawaii.— become known the world over for its The Hawaiian Contracting Company delicious mildness. The Captain Cook maintains working offices at the great Coffee Company selects and ages its Hilo pier, where all steamers discharge coffee beans until they are ready to give their freight for Hilo and the big island. forth that delicious aroma that makes This concern, with branches throughout coffee grown within the radius of the the Territory, has for its aim building spot where Captain Cook was slain, for permanancy. It contracts for build- ings and highway construction, having a known to all devotees of good coffee. corps of construction experts at its com- The agency for the Captain Cook Coffee mand. In Hilo, Frank H. West is in Company in Honolulu is with the Henry charge of the company's affairs. Waterhouse Co. ADVT. Cocaina and hala trees reflected irr the larnmn.