Howland Island, Its Birds and Rats, As Observed by a Certain Mr. Stetson in 1854
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OGC-98-5 U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution
United States General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman, Committee on GAO Resources, House of Representatives November 1997 U.S. INSULAR AREAS Application of the U.S. Constitution GAO/OGC-98-5 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 Office of the General Counsel B-271897 November 7, 1997 The Honorable Don Young Chairman Committee on Resources House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: More than 4 million U.S. citizens and nationals live in insular areas1 under the jurisdiction of the United States. The Territorial Clause of the Constitution authorizes the Congress to “make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property” of the United States.2 Relying on the Territorial Clause, the Congress has enacted legislation making some provisions of the Constitution explicitly applicable in the insular areas. In addition to this congressional action, courts from time to time have ruled on the application of constitutional provisions to one or more of the insular areas. You asked us to update our 1991 report to you on the applicability of provisions of the Constitution to five insular areas: Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (the CNMI), American Samoa, and Guam. You asked specifically about significant judicial and legislative developments concerning the political or tax status of these areas, as well as court decisions since our earlier report involving the applicability of constitutional provisions to these areas. We have included this information in appendix I. 1As we did in our 1991 report on this issue, Applicability of Relevant Provisions of the U.S. -
BAT Gljano and ITS FER TILIZING VALUE
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 180 BAT GlJANO AND ITS FER TILIZING VALUE l 'l ll '-~ lt•l' nf' 11 1on• 11111 11 a IIJ11II HII IId ltnl s 1111 a ,\ l l s:-t ttlll'l t' ll\' t' l't•lll ll g-. COLUMBIA, MISSOURI FEBRUARY, 1921 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Experiment Station BOARD OF CONTROL THE CURATORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE UNIVERSITY H. J. BLANTON, JOHN H. BRADLEY, ]AS. E. GOODRICH, Paris Kennett Kansas City ADVISORY COUNCIL THE MISSOURI STA1"E BOARD OF AGRICULTURE OFFICERS OF THE STATION A. ROSS HILL. PH. D., LL. D., PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY F. B. MUMFORD, M. S., DIRECTOR STATION STAFF FEBRUARY, 1921 AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY RURAL LIFE C. R. Moui.TON, Ph. D. 0. R. JouNSON, A. M. L. D. HAIGH, Ph. D. S. D. GROMER, A. M. w. s. RITCHIE, A. M. R. C. HALT,, A. M. E. E. VANATTA, M. S? BEN H. FRAME, B. S. in Agr. R. M. SMITH A. M. FORESTRY T. E. FRIEDMANN, B. s. A. R. HALL, B. S. in Agr. FREDERICK D UNLAP, F. E. E. G. S!EVEKING, B. S. in Agr. G. W. YoRK, B. S. in Agr. HORTICULTURE c. F. AHMANN, .!J... B. V. R. GARDNER, M. S. A. H . D. HooKER, ]R., Ph. D. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING J. T. RosA, ]R., M. S .. J. C. WooLEY, B .S. F. c. BRADFORD, M. s. MACK M. ]ONES, B. s. H. G. SWAR'rwou·r, B. S. in Agr. -
Bat and Bridges Technical Bulletin (Hitchhiker Guide to Bat Roosts), California Department of Transportation, Sacramento CA
Ct BBaatt aanndd BBrriiddggeess TTeecchhnniiccaall BBuulllleettiinn Hitch Hikers Guide to Bat Roosts Excerpts by California Department of Transportation In Cooperation with the California Department of Fish and Game December 2003 Citation: Erickson, Gregg A., et al. Bat and Bridges Technical Bulletin (Hitchhiker Guide to Bat Roosts), California Department of Transportation, Sacramento CA. 2002. Note: this document is a revised and abridged edition of Erickson, Gregg A., Pierson Elizabeth D., et al. Microchiropteran Bridge Utilization (Hitchhiker Guide to Bat Roosts), California Department of Transportation, Sacramento CA, 2000. Corresponding Author Gregg A. Erickson Office of Biological Studies & Technical Assistance 1120 N Street, MS27 Sacramento CA 95814 (916) 654-6296 (916) 753-7757 FAX email: [email protected] Acknowledgements This information contained in this report was made possible by the support of the California Department of Transportation, the California Department of Fish & Game, Dr. Elizabeth Pierson, Dr. William Rainey, Dr. Pat Brown, and experts in structural engineering and bat biology. Disclaimer: This document does not represent the policies or opinions of the California Department of Transportation. It is provided for informational purposes only. - 1 - Preface When species are cryptic and difficult to detect, their ecological significance may not be appreciated. They may be overlooked in the environmental assessment process and effects of our activities may not be adequately evaluated. This is especially true for species that are small, nocturnal, or do not announce themselves with bright colors or distinctive vocalizations--such is the case for the Microchiroptera. Similarly, the results of actions we take are not always apparent or well understood. Often, Microchiropteran response is subtle or occurs in a timeframe that makes detection difficult. -
Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Grade Level Monument (PRIMNM) Through the Lens of Seabird Guano
Pacific Marine National Monuments Pacific Remote Island Marine National Monument: Guano and Nutrient Cycling Source: NOAA Early Guano Advertising Poster Source: Activity Summary Duke Advertising Ephemera Collection This lesson introduces students to the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument (PRIMNM) through the lens of seabird guano. Students will orient Grade Level themselves using a mapping exercise to locate the islands within the PRIMNM. 7-12 Once oriented they explore nutrient flow through ecosystems by developing a food web for the sooty tern and use that to trace the movement of nutrients from Timeframe source (the ocean) to sink (islands). This concept will be further reinforced and 2.5 – 3 hours extended with a physical simulation exercise that introduces the variability of climate as a control on guano development. Students then use climate data from Materials their mapping exercise to make inferences about which islands within the Large blank paper PRIMNM are likely to have the best developed guano resources. Finally they use Colored pencils source data on seabird populations in the past to calculate rates of guano Sooty tern food web cards development to determine the sustainability of this resource. Sooty tern simulation cards Learning Objectives “Nutrients” paper/cotton balls Students will be able to: Containers for holding nutrients Explore the geography of the PRIMNM Understand the relationship between food webs and nutrient flows If you need assistance with this U.S. Department of Commerce | National -
MINERAL INVESTIGATIONS in SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA by A. F
MINERAL INVESTIGATIONS IN SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA By A. F. BUDDINGTON INTRODUCTION In the Sitka district the continued operation of the Chicagoff and Hirst-Chicagof gold mines and the installation and operation of a new mill at the Apex-El Nido property in 1924, all on Chichagof Island, have stimulated a renewed interest in prospecting for gold ores. In the Juneau district a belt of metamorphic rock, which extends from Funter Bay to Hawk Inlet on Admiralty Island and con tains a great number of large, well-defined quartz fissure veins, was being prospected on the properties of the Admiralty-Alaska Gold Mining Co. and the Alaska-Dano Co. on Funter Bay and of Charles Williams and others on Hawk Inlet. The Admiralty-Alaska Co. Avas driving a long tunnel which is designed to cut at depth several large quartz veins. On the Charles Williams property a long shoot of ore has been proved on one vein and a large quantity of quartz that assays low in gold. In the Wrangell district the only property being prospected dur ing 1924 to an extent greater tihan that required for assessment work was the silver-lead vein on the Lake claims, east of Wrangell. In the Ketchikan district, as reported, the Dunton gold mine, near Hollis, was operated during 1924 by the Kasaan Gold Co. and the Salt Chuck palladium-copper mine by the Alaskan Palladium Co., and development work on a copper prospect was being carried on at Lake Bay. In the Hyder district the outstanding feature for 1924 has been the development of ore shoots at the Riverside property to the stage which has been deemed sufficient to warrant construction of a 50-ton mill to treat the ore by a combination of tables and flotation. -
ISO Country Codes
COUNTRY SHORT NAME DESCRIPTION CODE AD Andorra Principality of Andorra AE United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates AF Afghanistan The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan AG Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda (includes Redonda Island) AI Anguilla Anguilla AL Albania Republic of Albania AM Armenia Republic of Armenia Netherlands Antilles (includes Bonaire, Curacao, AN Netherlands Antilles Saba, St. Eustatius, and Southern St. Martin) AO Angola Republic of Angola (includes Cabinda) AQ Antarctica Territory south of 60 degrees south latitude AR Argentina Argentine Republic America Samoa (principal island Tutuila and AS American Samoa includes Swain's Island) AT Austria Republic of Austria Australia (includes Lord Howe Island, Macquarie Islands, Ashmore Islands and Cartier Island, and Coral Sea Islands are Australian external AU Australia territories) AW Aruba Aruba AX Aland Islands Aland Islands AZ Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan BA Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina BB Barbados Barbados BD Bangladesh People's Republic of Bangladesh BE Belgium Kingdom of Belgium BF Burkina Faso Burkina Faso BG Bulgaria Republic of Bulgaria BH Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain BI Burundi Republic of Burundi BJ Benin Republic of Benin BL Saint Barthelemy Saint Barthelemy BM Bermuda Bermuda BN Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam BO Bolivia Republic of Bolivia Federative Republic of Brazil (includes Fernando de Noronha Island, Martim Vaz Islands, and BR Brazil Trindade Island) BS Bahamas Commonwealth of the Bahamas BT Bhutan Kingdom of Bhutan -
Early Cultural and Historical Seascape of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument
Early Cultural and Historical Seascape of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument Archival and Literary Research Report Jesi Quan Bautista Savannah Smith Honolulu, Hawai’i 2018 Early Cultural and Historical Seascape of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument Archival and Literary Research Report Jesi Quan Bautista Savannah Smith Honolulu, Hawai’i 2018 For additional information, please contact Malia Chow at [email protected]. This document may be referenced as Pacific Islands Regional Office [PIRO]. 2019. Early Cultural & Historical Seascape of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIRO Special Publication, SP-19-005, 57 p. doi:10.25923/fb5w-jw23 Table of Contents Preface................................................................................................................................. 1 Use as a Reference Tool ..................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... 1 Cultural-Historical Connectivity Within the Monument .................................................... 2 WAKE ATOLL || ENEEN-KIO ..................................................................................... 4 JOHNSTON ATOLL || KALAMA & CORNWALLIS ................................................. 7 PALMYRA ATOLL || HONUAIĀKEA ..................................................................... -
Organic Matter
Organic So oil Fertility: General Princciples and New Reseearch Richard Smith Vegetable Crop and Weed Science Farm Advisor University of California Cooperative Extension Monterey County Organic S oil Fertility • We will focus on organic fertility of vegetable crops • We will mostly discuuss nitrogen • Obviously other nutrients are important, especially phosphor us and potassium • Before we spend the time in this discussi on on ni trogen we will br iefl y discuss phosphorus and potassium Soil Phosph horus Levels bicarbonatebicarbonate--exextractable (ppm) Crop Response Response Response likely possible* unlikely Lettuce and <40 40 – 60 > 60 Celery Other cool- < 25 25 – 35 > 35 season vegetables Warm-season < 15 15 - 25 > 25 vegetables * especially in cold soils Soil Potass sium Levels ammonium acetate--extractableextractable (ppm) Crop Response Response Response likely possible unlikely Celery < 150 150 – 200 > 200 Other cool-season < 100 100 – 150 > 150 vegetables Potato, tomato, < 150 150 – 200 > 200 pepper CbitCucurbits < 80 80 – 120 > 120 Phosphorus aand Potassium • Both of these nutriennts can be monitored and managed with the use of soil tests • There are several orgganic sources of these nutrients • High soil pH reducess the availability of bone and rock sources of phosphorus • VVbldiegetable production systems can over time build up high levels of soil phhhosphorus Organic Soil Fertility • Nitrogen is particularly problematic because of various forms it occurs in and transformations it goes through • Mineral nitrogen (nitrate and -
Conservation Prioritization of Prince of Wales Island
CONSERVATION PRIORITIZATION OF PRINCE OF WALES ISLAND Identifying opportunities for private land conservation Prepared by the Southeast Alaska Land Trust With support from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Alaska Coastal Conservation Program February 2013 Conservation prioritization of Prince of Wales Island Conservation prioritization of Prince of Wales Island IDENTIFYING OPPORTUNITIES FOR PRIVATE LAND CONSERVATION INTRODUCTION The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) awarded the Southeast Alaska Land Trust (SEAL Trust) a Coastal Grant in 2012. SEAL Trust requested this grant to fund a conservation priority analysis of private property on Prince of Wales Island. This report and an associated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) map are the products of that work. Driving SEAL Trust’s interest in conservation opportunities on Prince of Wales Island is its obligations as an in-lieu fee sponsor for Southeast Alaska, which makes it eligible to receive fees in-lieu of mitigation for wetland impacts. Under its instrument with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers1, SEAL Trust must give priority to project sites within the same 8-digit Hydrologic Unit (HUC) as the permitted impacts. In the past 10 years, SEAL Trust has received a number of in-lieu fees from wetlands impacted by development on Prince of Wales Island, which, along with its outer islands, is the 8-digit HUC #19010103 (see Map 1). SEAL Trust has no conservation holdings or potential projects on Prince of Wales Island. In an attempt to achieve its conservation goals and compliance with the geographic elements of the Instrument, SEAL Trust wanted to take a strategic approach to exploring preservation possibilities in the Prince of Wales HUC. -
A Report on the Guano-Producing Birds of Peru [“Informe Sobre Aves Guaneras”]
PACIFIC COOPERATIVE STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MĀNOA Dr. David C. Duffy, Unit Leader Department of Botany 3190 Maile Way, St. John #408 Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 Technical Report 197 A report on the guano-producing birds of Peru [“Informe sobre Aves Guaneras”] July 2018* *Original manuscript completed1942 William Vogt1 with translation and notes by David Cameron Duffy2 1 Deceased Associate Director of the Division of Science and Education of the Office of the Coordinator in Inter-American Affairs. 2 Director, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, Department of Botany, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822, USA PCSU is a cooperative program between the University of Hawai`i and U.S. National Park Service, Cooperative Ecological Studies Unit. Organization Contact Information: Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, Department of Botany, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa 3190 Maile Way, St. John 408, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822, USA Recommended Citation: Vogt, W. with translation and notes by D.C. Duffy. 2018. A report on the guano-producing birds of Peru. Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report 197. University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Department of Botany. Honolulu, HI. 198 pages. Key words: El Niño, Peruvian Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), Guanay Cormorant (Phalacrocorax bougainvillii), Peruvian Booby (Sula variegate), Peruvian Pelican (Pelecanus thagus), upwelling, bird ecology behavior nesting and breeding Place key words: Peru Translated from the surviving Spanish text: Vogt, W. 1942. Informe elevado a la Compañia Administradora del Guano par el ornitólogo americano, Señor William Vogt, a la terminación del contracto de tres años que con autorización del Supremo Gobierno celebrara con la Compañia, con el fin de que llevara a cabo estudios relativos a la mejor forma de protección de las aves guaneras y aumento de la produción de las aves guaneras. -
Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument The Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument falls within the Central Pacific Ocean, ranging from Wake Atoll in the northwest to Jarvis Island in the southeast. The seven atolls and islands included within the monument are farther from human population centers than any other U.S. area. They represent one of the last frontiers and havens for wildlife in the world, and comprise the most widespread collection of coral reef, seabird, and shorebird protected areas on the planet under a single nation’s jurisdiction. At Howland Island, Baker Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Kingman Reef, the terrestrial areas, reefs, and waters out to 12 nautical miles (nmi) are part of the National Wildlife Refuge System. The land areas at Wake Atoll and Johnston Atoll remain under the jurisdiction of The giant clam, Tridacna gigas, is a clam that is the largest living bivalve mollusk. the U.S. Air Force, but the waters from Photo: © Kydd Pollock 0 to 12 nmi are protected as units of the National Wildlife Refuge System. For all of the areas, fishery-related Marine National Monument, and orders long time periods throughout their entire activities seaward from the 12-nmi refuge of magnitude greater than the reefs near cultural and geological history. These boundaries out to the 50-nmi monument heavily populated islands. Expansive refuges are unique in that they were and boundary are managed by the National shallow coral reefs and deep coral forests, are still largely pristine, though many Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. -
Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex Wilderness Inventory Summary Guam National Wildlife Refuge Mariana
Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex Wilderness Inventories Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex Wilderness Inventory Summary Table 1. Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex Wilderness Inventory Summary Guam National Wildlife Refuge Guam National Wildlife Refuge Wilderness Inventory Mariana Trench National Wildlife Refuge Mariana Trench National Wildlife Refuge Wilderness Inventory Information Mariana Arc of Fire National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings Wake Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Wake Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Wilderness Inventory Information Johnston Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings Kingman Reef National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings 1 Hawaiian