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IPage 4 Requirements of Indian Army Aviation Corps >> Review

Photograph: PIB

MBT Arjun MK-1 tank passing through the Rajpath

The Army Aviation needs to play a vastly enhanced role in land operations in the coming years. Lt General (Retd) B.S. Pawar

Page 8 Network-Centricity for the Indian Military The evolution of a joint structure will necessitate specifying a doctrine and addressing specific issues of sensor architecture, weapon architectures, interoperability levels and command and control structure. Lt General (Retd) P.C. Katoch

Page 9 Indian Army’s Mini Air Force

Mini Air Force, or the Army Aviation Corps, is the arm of the future and will play a Equipment Profile decisive role in any future conflict. Lt General (Retd) B.S. Pawar

Page 10 Peace Process Devoid of Strategy of Indian Army Our policy-makers and security experts must first formulate a comprehensive security Considering the lack of implementation of the Eleventh Five Year Plan, the Army’s strategy and thereafter the diplomats and others should work out an entirely fresh modernisation plans, both Eleventh and Twelfth Five Year Plans put together, may negotiating plan. create a $25-$35 billion (approximately `1,25,000 to `1,75,000 crore) opportunity. It Lt General (Retd) Vijay Oberoi seems unlikely that over the next five years, this quantum of funds will be utilised. Page 12 Three Decades of Status Quo Army Air Defence (AAD) is holding systems  Lt General (Retd) V.K. Kapoor gencies in Jammu and Kashmir and the crore in the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007- of varying vintage ranging from 49-year-old North-eastern states. The Chinese infra- 12) alone continue to be encumbered with (L70 gun) to the youngest being 17-year-old ith its experience and structural activities along the Indo-Tibet- elaborate bureaucratic procurement pro- (Tangushka). expertise in fighting in Bhutan borders and north Sikkim have cesses. It is in this context that we should Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand almost all types of terrain triggered the necessity for increasing the view the letter written by General V.K. including the Thar Desert manpower ceiling of the Army. Thus it has Singh, the former Chief of Army Staff Plus in the south-west, the plains been reported that a total of four additional (COAS), to the Prime Minister. It high- ofW Punjab in the West, the mountains and divisions have been sanctioned for the East- lighted the lack of some types of ammuni- Army Day 2013 13 high-altitude areas of Kashmir and Ladakh ern theatre out of which two have already tion critical for the Army and obsolescence News in Brief 14 in the North and Sikkim and Arunachal been raised. The remaining two divisions of weapons and equipment and the stagna- Pradesh in the Northeast, and the jungle will be for a part of the Strike Corps pro- tion in the process of military modernisa- and riverine terrain opposite Myanmar posed to be raised for offensive operations in tion aimed at winning the conflicts of the Special 33% and Bangladesh, in battlefields beyond its the Eastern theatre. 21st century. Moreover, the gap between shores in Sri Lanka, and peace-keeping and the Indian Army and the People’s Libera- discount on Annual stabilisation operations globally, the Indian Army’s Equipment Profile tion Army (PLA) of China is apparently Subscription for Army ranks tall amongst armies across the widening day by day in favour of the lat- world in terms of professionalism. Eleventh and Twelfth Five Year Plans ter. Faced with a two-front challenge, India Serving Military Currently, a substantial part of the Indian Army’s 600 odd modernisation needs to accelerate considerably the pace Indian Army is involved in fighting insur- schemes amounting to more than `70,000 of modernisation of the Army. Officials

1/2013 SP’s Land Forces 1 >> rEview

The line of control (LoC) with Pakistan has con- erations by the then Chief of Army Staff. I was told agencies before acceptance and that too if ev- tinued to draw the attention of our people since that my role was to liaise with the UN Headquar- eryone is on board with the decision. A procure- the killing of the two Indian Army soldiers in the ters to ensure an orderly and peaceful withdrawal ment process which should take 24-36 months Poonch Sector of Jammu and Kashmir on Janu- of our Infantry Brigade Group located in Somalia period takes 8-10 years or more. A case in point ary 8, 2013. The tension flared up because of the who had completed their tenure. On reaching the is the 197 light observation helicopter deal which brutal manner in which they were killed and their PMI, I was greeted with extreme hostility which I has failed to fructify despite a lapse of nearly nine bodies mutilated. And one of them, late Sepoy later learnt was because the diplomatic communi- years from the time that the RFP was issued. Hem Raj, was beheaded. This gruesome inci- ty felt that I would take away an important vacancy Even critical fast-track procurements (FTPs) di- dent led to intense media coverage and fierce of a Deputy Permanent Representative from the rected to be cleared in 12-18 months may take discussions in the electronic media. The tension IFS cadre, if I stayed put in New York. This even two or three times longer to secure. between the two countries became palpable resulted in one of the Deputy Permanent Repre- Indian Army is struggling to transform and with zealous and impassioned statements being sentatives (there were two in New York) telling me modernise itself to face the future conflict set- made from both sides. What got overlooked in that they could render the advice required and a tings. The threats and challenges that India faces the bargain was the poor political leadership in military officer was not necessary. When I asked are far greater than what is faced by any other the times of crises. them whether they would be able to make a fight- country today. Hence we would imagine dynamic It was refreshing to read renowned columnist ing withdrawal plan from the current location of planning and implementation machinery putting C. Raja Mohan’s op-ed article in the Indian Ex- the brigade in Somalia to the coastline for em- the necessary capabilities and deterrence in EDITORIAL press on January 14, 2013, appropriately titled barking on the ships made available and whether place to have strong counters to both types of “A Call to Leadership”. At the end of his piece, they would be able to recommend the type of conflicts. On the other hand what we are see- after analysing UPA’s political leadership, in the assistance required to make the entire operation ing is vacillation in decision-making by the MoD light of the stand-off between the Pakistan and In- safe for the Indian Brigade Group as there was which while being wholly responsible for the dian Armies on the LoC, he laments: “Finally, the an ongoing civil war in Somalia and Indian troops force’s continually-postponed modernisation is government needs to act decisively on the long had already suffered a few causalties during their floundering as it does not understand the direc- overdue reform of the higher defence organisa- peacekeeping stint; there was a pregnant silence. tion that has to be taken. The answer lies in truly tion in the country. The civilian leadership of the The trouble with us is that because of the na- integrating MoD with the armed forces which de- Ministry of Defence (MoD)—at the bureaucratic ture of bureaucracy, every bureaucrat feels that spite the post-Kargil reforms, has not happened. and political level—has never been as weak as he can render all military advice and the politi- This is the area in which the three Chiefs should it is today. The MoD’s utter inability to lead the cians unfortunately do not assert themselves intervene and convince the political leadership of armed forces, formulate and implement strate- when it comes to matters military. Thus currently the wisdom of reform. The Service Chiefs should gies for national security, has been repeatedly at strategic levels, the quality of advice rendered spend more time in handling the politico-military exposed in the last few years.” is of a general and theoretical nature devoid of issues facing the country and the political and Strategic and military analysts have been say- professional inputs. The situation in which de- bureaucratic environment in Delhi and let the re- ing it for a long time now that our political leader- spite having one of the largest armed forces in spective Commanders–in-Chiefs handle military ship has failed to create a balanced structure of the the world our Service Chiefs remain outside the strategic, and operational issues affecting the higher defence organisation in India. It is devoid of strategic policy-making loop within the country, is Army with politico-military advice, if any, from the integrated planning at the apex which demands unique to our country. Our higher defence organ- Service Headquarters from time to time. the dovetailing of political/diplomatic strategy with isation, a legacy of the British Empire, has been SP Guide Publications is the key official me- military strategy. This is absent in our context. We systematically whittled down so that the adminis- dia partner at the ninth edition of Aero India 2013. function in watertight compartments and fail to ap- trative and financial powers of service headquar- If you are in Bengaluru do meet us at Aero India preciate and utilise each other’s strengths. ters have been taken away and the position of 2013, Hall B (B4.18). At a somewhat lower level let me illustrate the the Service Chiefs has been deliberately down- point. I recollect that in November 1994 when I graded in protocol and importance. was a Brigadier, posted as the Deputy Director The Defence Procurement Procedure, de- General Military Operations, I was sent on duty/ spite all the amendments and updates, is so con- deputation to the Permanent Mission of India voluted that introduction of any new weapon sys- (PMI) in New York for liaison with the Military Ad- tem or associated equipment has to pass through visor at the UN Department of Peacekeeping Op- as many as 18-20 different MoD departments or Lt General (Retd) V.K. Kapoor

Photograph: SP Guide Pubns tive armour (ERA) panels which will pro- The T-90, the improved T-90 battle tank vide protection against kinetic energy as T-72 M1 tanks and Arjun well as tandem warhead, chemical energy projectiles, for better protection, along with tanks will constitute a laser warning system and new radio sets for better and more secure communica- India’s armour might in tions. A new power pack is also under con- sideration to further enhance mobility. The the future till a new MBT modernisation of the T-72 is way behind schedule due to complicated procurement is chosen or designed procedures exacerbated by delayed deci- indigenously sion-making and in-house disagreements. The T-90, the improved T-72 M1 tanks and Arjun tanks will constitute India’s armour might in the future till a new MBT The government it seems has now sanc- is chosen or designed indigenously. Mean- tioned the 12th Five Year Defence Plan as a while, light tanks for the Eastern theatre are result of the severe criticism over delays in also being debated. the past. However, considering the lack of implementation of the Eleventh Plan, the Mechanised Infantry Army’s modernisation plans, both Eleventh The mechanised infantry is currently and Twelfth Plans, together may create a equipped with the BMP-2 infantry combat $25-$35 billion (approximately `1,25,000 vehicle (ICV), named Sarath. Over 1,000 of to `1,75,000 crore) opportunity. It seems these have been manufactured since 1987. unlikely that over the next five years, this II tanks have now been ordered subject to way. This will give night-fighting capability The variants include 81mm carrier mortar quantum of funds will be utilised. It does how- satisfactory development of the Mark II ver- through a thermal imager integrated with tracked, a command post, an ambulance, ever indicate that the accumulating voids in sion of the tanks for equipping two more the tank‘s FCS. Three hundred T-72 tanks armoured dozer and engineer and recon- our capabilities in various arms will adversely regiments. These tanks will have substan- of the Army have been fitted with thermal naissance vehicles. The ICVs are being affect the Army’s fighting formations in tially upgraded capabilities of firepower, imaging stand-alone sights (TISAS) while equipped with thermal imaging night sights future wars. The main features of arm wise mobility and protection. These are likely to 300 more are in the pipeline bringing the and image intensifiers.T he ICV BMP-2/2K is modernisation and the steps being taken in be delivered by 2013. As regards the T-90 total to 600 TISAS. Thus about 1,000 being modernised by upgrading its existing acquisition of equipment are as follows: tanks, a total of 647 T-90 tanks have been remaining T-72 tanks will be fitted with NBC system, fire detection and suppression inducted into service. more modern integrated fire control sys- system, ERA panels to provide extra protec- Armour The T-72 M1, Ajeya MBT, modernisa- tems. However, the overall night-fighting tion and a new power pack. The scheme to The Army has already equipped two regi- tion programme under Project Rhino will capability of India’s armour is currently fit environmental control for ICV BMP-2 ments with Arjun tanks out of the 124 extend the service life of the MBT by 20 inadequate and operationally unaccept- is in an advanced stage of procurement. Arjun main battle tanks (MBTs) ordered by years; enhance the accuracy with new fire able. The tanks are additionally being Additional battlefield surveillance radar

www.spslandforces.net it earlier. An additional 124 Arjun Mark control system (FCS) whose trials are under equipped with new type of explosive reac- (medium-range) mounted on high mobility

2 SP’s Land Forces 1/2013 review >>

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wheeled vehicles are also being procured. for enhancing the medium-range ground For air defence of mechanised units, Indian Army has planned for a futuristic Indian Army’s 600 odd surveillance capability of the Army. The it has been planned to acquire medium- infantry combat vehicle (FICV) to replace modernisation schemes long-range observation system (LORROS) range surface-to-air missile (MRSAM) and the BMP-2 with key operational and perfor- provides day and night surveillance capabil- quick reaction SAM (QRSAM) systems. RFP mance parameters envisaged in the Indian amounting to more than ity up to a range of about 11-13 km. for QRSAM is being issued and there is a context. The project is a pioneer in ‘Make- Development of Nishant remotely- joint development venture of the Defence High-Tech’ category where for the first time `70,000 crore in the piloted vehicle, designed by the DRDO, to Research and Development Organisation the defence industry has invited participa- undertake battlefield surveillance, recon- (DRDO) and Israel for MRSAM for all the tion by private established agencies. Eleventh Plan (2007-12) naissance, real-time engagement of targets three services. Successor to Igla has been by artillery fire and laser designation has shortlisted and will go for trials shortly. Arty Firepower alone continue to be been successfully completed. It has been Shortlisted systems are SAAB RBS-7O, As part of its more than `20,000 crore encumbered with elaborate approved for induction through limited MBDA, Mistral, a Russian SAM system and Artillery Modernisation Plan, the Army is series production. South Korea’s LIG Nex1. looking at inducting several types of howit- bureaucratic procurement The Artillery Combat Command and zers through inter-governmental pacts and Control System (ACCCS) have been success- Infantry global tenders. The last major acquisition of processes fully developed and have been deployed in a The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has towed gun-howitzers was that of 400 pieces large number of Corps. approved of a new assault rifle, 5.56mm of 39-calibre 155mm FH-77B howitzers calibre and a new generation carbine. with a range of 30 km from Bofors of Sweden Air Defence Artillery The Army awaits a complete overhaul of in 1987. After about 25 years of neglect, the It is now reliably learnt that when the The corps of Army Air Defence has a large its basic weaponry for soldiers. Seeking to Army still awaits the procurement of about Bofors 155mm howitzers were procured variety of guns and missile systems. It has arm its infantry soldier with a lethal and 1,500 howitzers of 155mm, 52 calibre. Out in 1987, transfer of technology had taken 40mm L/70, Zu-23-2 Twin gun, ZSU-23-4 sophisticated assault rifle, the Army has of these, 400 are to be procured outright place and it has now been revealed that the Schilka, Tanguska, Kvadrat (medium- started the field trials for procuring more and 1,100 manufactured indigenously with Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), which had range missile system), OSA -AK (short- than 60,000 assault rifles in a deal worth transfer of technology (ToT). The request been sitting on these designs for the past 25 range missile system) and Igla shoulder `13,000 crore. The assault rifles which for proposal (RFP) for these guns was issued years, have now accepted to manufacture fired missile system in its inventory.T he were under consideration as reported by the in the beginning of the year 2011 and it is prototypes of 155mm/ 39 calibre and 45 40mm L/70 which is about four decades media include Beretta, IWI, SIG Sauer, Colt expected that the evaluation process would calibre guns for trials by the Army. old needs immediate replacement. Con- and Ceska Zbrojovka. The Army wants its have been completed by now. Additionally, sidering the high costs of new weapon latest rifles to be equipped with detachable 145 ultra-light howitzers are being pro- UAVs systems, the Army is going in for weapon under-barrel grenade launchers, night- cured from the US through the foreign mili- The Heron, a medium-altitude, long-endur- upgrades for L-70, ZU-23-2 Twin gun, and vision devices, laser designators and so on. tary sales (FMS) route from BAE Systems. ance UAV from Israel, has been acquired ZSU-23-4 Schilka. Meanwhile, the Army Sources said, “The trials have begun and This deal has been cleared by India’s Cabinet in addition to the Searcher I and II UAVs. is looking for successors to L-70 and the considering the requirements of the force, Committee on Security. The Army also needs Four troops of Herons will become opera- ZU-23-2. Successor to Schilka (ZSU-23-4) the guns will be tested in deserts, extreme 120 tracked and 180 wheeled 155mm how- tional. Medium-range battlefield surveil- already exists in the form of Tangushka, cold weathers, high-altitude regions and itzers for its armoured and artillery divisions lance radars (BFSRs) have been introduced but in limited numbers. A request for infor- so on. The Central Paramilitary Force and respectively, for use in offensive operations, into the inventory of the Army’s surveil- mation (RFI) has already been issued to find the fate of which is unknown. lance and target acquisition (SATA) units a replacement for Schilka. Continued on page 7...

1/2013 SP’s Land Forces 3 >> Army Aviation Requirements of Indian Army Aviation Corps The Army Aviation needs to play a vastly enhanced role in land operations in the coming years. This is only possible if the arm grows both quantitatively and qualitatively. The gap between desire and reality is currently not very large and is likely to narrow down further provided the acquisitions proceed as planned.

Photographs: US Army  Lt General (Retd) B.S. Pawar Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopter he operational diversities of the Indian Army have to be viewed with the variety of terrain existing on our borders and our extensive deployment in moun- Ttains/high-altitude areas. This requires assets that are capable of operating across this environmental spectrum. The pres- ent force structure of Army Aviation Corps (AAC) inhibits it from being able to per- form the roles envisaged. The arm has been unable to grow to its natural size due to numerous evolutionary factors, the constant opposition of the Indian Air Force (IAF) being one of the major reasons. The growth plan formulated for 2027 also does not fully address the requirements of an operational AAC, which would be capable of fighting and supporting the Army in future conflicts. To make the Army Aviation a potent force it must have a mix of both helicop- ters and fixed-wing aircraft with the heli- copters being available in larger numbers. The helicopter fleet should consist of attack and armed helicopters, heavy-, medium- and light-utility (lift) helicopters and light- observation helicopters. There also would be a need for specialised helicopters suit- ably modified for special operations.T he aim is to make the force a capability-based organisation rather than an equipment and inventory-based structure, implying com- for special operations. HAL is looking at the Boeing CH-47 Chinook helicopter mensurate induction of man, machine, feasibility of a joint venture with a foreign with the organisational and infrastructural vendor for a 10 to 12-tonne class multiple- requirements. New dimensions in tactical purpose utility helicopter, but very little prog- operations at night as a direct result of sen- ress has been made in this regard so far. The sor and avionics capabilities, with the abil- Army needs to pursue this approach more ity to operate at low levels at night will yield vigorously to acquire this class of helicop- great dividends. The broad requirements of ters, which when suitably modified, will be the Army Aviation and what it should pos- the Army’s mainstay for special operations. sess to make it a potent arm are as follows: In the heavy-lift class, the resources are almost non-existent with only one unit of Reconnaissance and Observation Russian Mi-26 helicopters currently held There is a requirement for a dedicated Recon- with the Air Force. The induction of the ultra- naissance and Observation unit for every light howitzer into the Army (trials com- division to cater for reconnaissance of com- pleted—induction likely soon), for deploy- manders, direction of artillery fire and casu- ment in the mountains has triggered the alty evacuation from inaccessible areas. The requirement for suitable heavy-lift capability, present Cheetah/Chetak fleet is vintage and with helicopters capable of carrying these needs immediate replacement. The trials for howitzers under slung in the mountains. The their replacement have been completed with process for acquisition of this class of helicop- the French Eurocopter (Fennec) and Russian ters has already commenced under the aegis Kamov (Ka-226) in fray. Both helicopters of the Air Force. In fray are the American being evaluated are night-capable and modi- force commander to move within the TBA up to acquire a suitable helicopter in the 10 to Chinook CH-47 and the Russian Mi-26. The fied for fitment of sensors for transmitting to a company level force at the critical junc- 12-tonne class. This capability is basically requirement is to have four to five such units real-time information to ground stations ture of the battle without having to look over required for intra-theatre move of reserves with 10 helicopters each at command level to during reconnaissance missions. his shoulders. The ALH is an all-weather, and equipment including ammunition and give the capability to the Theatre Commander night-capable, twin-engine machine with to move up to a battalion, as well as for trans- Utility/ Lift Helicopters state-of-the-art avionics. The availability porting/lifting heavy equipment/light guns, The Army needs to develop capabilities for of this resource will give additional tactical The Army needs to including logistical support. The operational lifting up to a company at the Corps level, a capability to the commanders in planning develop capabilities for tasks and roles of this class of helicopters battalion at the Command level and a bri- and execution of their operations. The ALH leave no doubt with regards to their owner- gade at Army level. Light, medium and heavy has also been test evaluated for high-altitude lifting up to a company ship. Here we also need to look at the concept helicopters as well as some light fixed-wing operations with a more powerful engine of the tilt-rotor technology wherein the air- aircraft are required for these tasks. In the ‘Shakti’, being produced by the Hindustan at the Corps level, a craft can operate both as a fixed-wing and a light-utility category, four units of advanced Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in collabora- helicopter. Boeing’s V-22 Osprey is a tilt-rotor light helicopter (ALH) have already been tion with French Turbomeca. This will give battalion at the Command which is already operating in Afghanistan in raised and are operational including one a major boost to enhancing the load carry- support of the US marines. This type of air- in high altitude, while the fifth is currently ing capacity while operating in high-altitude level and a brigade at craft is ideally suited for the mountains where under raising. A total of eight such units areas, especially the Siachen Glacier. In the infrastructure in terms of landing grounds/ are planned for induction, each having 10 medium-lift category, the Air Force contin- Army level airfields is almost non-existent—ideally

www.spslandforces.net helicopters. This gives the capability to a field ues to stonewall all attempts of the Army suited for our eastern borders.

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SEE US AT AERO INDIA 2013 www.iai.co.il [email protected] Israel Pavilion, Hall A www.spslandforces.net organisations the new equipment and have it in place to absorb suitable infrastructure and requirement to build There is an urgent onised ALH. theALHandweapLCH isaderivative- of China’s ultra secretZhisheng 10 (Z-10). copter’s whichlight-attack helicopters includesEuro- the state-of-the-art crash theexclusive clubof milestone achievement. light combat helicopter(LCH)by the HAL isa theinductionwillcommencesoon. reports, the Iraq wars aswell asAfghanistan.sper A and advanced self-protection suite. well ashelmet-mountedtargeting systems ets, air-to-air andair-to-ground missilesas weapon sub-systems toincludeguns,rock- lethal day attack helicopter withanarray of A AH-64D islikely tobeinductedintheIAF. pleted andtheAmerican trials fortheirreplacementhave beencom- outtomake themnightcapable.carried hasbeen upgradation amountof certain R of ters and operated by theAirForce. Army,trol of manned,controlled areinfact Mi-35, though under the operational con- Mi-25/ attack helicopters two unitsof employment in the “cold start” strategy.employment inthe“coldstart” thekey Pivot idealfor /HoldingCorps, of forces. would be ready for induction into the armed ER. fray aretheFrench PARS-3 andIsraeliSpike als forthesamehave beencompleted—in suitable air-to-ground missileex import. ALHunitswitha to equipitsinitialarmed As aninterimmeasure, theArmy isplanning not likely tobeavailable inthenearfuture. ation fireandforget missile, isnotready and ‘Helina’) which isstated tobeathird-gener produced NA developed noracquired. helicopter, theAT thearmed/attack weapon of inthearsenal rently going onat HAL.However, themain the weapons systemslesstheAT missiles( ATto-ground to include gun, rockets, air-to-air and air- comparable weapons systems an array of Though notatypicalattack helicopter, ithas thisyear.likely by toenterservice theendof development andis an advanced stage of (ALHWSI)isat ons SystemsIntegrated versionThe armed calledtheALHWeap- Armed ALH commander tobeapplied inthe provide aformidable capability totheforce their aviation assets. of as part should have helicopters/gunships armed intheplainsanddeserts Holding Corps attack helicopterunit. of-the-art in themountainstohave adedicated, state- requirement foreachstrike including corps operating at those altitudes. of The available Mi-25/Mi-35isnotcapable to undertake operations inthemountains. wouldThese helicopters alsoberequired attackhelicopters. andarmed of in terms third dimensionwiththemechanisedforces the of requirestheintegration terrain ert Mechanised warfare intheplainsanddes- Attack/Armed Helicopter ity of the ity of T Attack Helicopters >> 6 oday thisistheweakest linkinthecapabil - pache hasbeenextensively usedinboth modern- pache 64D is a state-of-the-art n this context, the development of the the In thiscontext, thedevelopment of Thereafter, itisexpected that the‘Helina’ he armed ALH unitswouldThe armed bepart SP’s LandForces Tiger, Bell’s AH1ZSuperCobra and Army A ussian originarevintage, thougha AAC. is being designed to be The LCHisbeingdesignedtobe G anti-tankmissile(airversion he meagre resources held— The meagre GM, has so far neither been neitherbeen GM, hassofar The LCHaimstogate - tgaino of GM). Integration viation The indigenously

pache Longbow These helicop- 1/2013 TB GM iscur There is a The Pivot/ This will A. The The he The Tri- - - A theArmy of part commander andwillform theland force units willbethemainpunchof byservice 2014. ALH-WSI. thesameweapons packagewill carry asthe dem seating cockpitand stealth features, but tions. Unlike theALH,CHwillhave tan- - andanassetforourmountainforma copters a distinctadvantage over otherattack heli- able tooperate at highaltitudes(16,000feet), posite A will requiretooperate fromForward Com- their basesduringwar, Army A unlike theAirForce which operates outof Infact assets located withintheCorps. alldiverse aviation optimal utilisation of proper command and control and ensure should have anA ing operational requirements.EachCorps and aresuitably tailoredtomeettheevolv- tions that enhanceaviation capabilities Army Organisations andInfrastructure viation Corps. 8-9_50 YEARSMESSAGE SPREADAdvertofSP's.indd8-9 A viation Baseswhich would cater to viation needs to develop organisa- 1964 The helicopter is expected to enter JUST 1STEP SHORT OF 50YEARS /attack helicopter The LCH/attack helicopter viation Brigade toprovide 1964 viation units

1974 and timesaving. vital forfuturetraining asthesearelow-cost willbe equipment,thesimulators of-the-art sophisticated state- years andinductionof the expansion plans of overemphasised. Keeping in mind the vast cannotbe forthispurpose simulators of crew needmodernisation. aircrewandground ties forthetraining of - thetraining facili facet, most important andrefurbishment.Lastly,upgradation the tenance equipment,etc, would alsoneed control,metequipment,main- air traffic like services airfields, isations. Support to absorb thenewequipmentandorgan - suitable andhave infrastructure itinplace fuelandammunition. of terms sions, tocater fortheirreplenishmentin operating onspecificmis- for helicopters points to be established in the forward zone someforward andrefuelling armament of facilities. essential maintenance, fuellingandarming aswell helicopters asprovide the securityof There isanurgent requirement to build

There would alsobearequirement

AAC in the coming Yearbook isintroduced in1965... and published bythe Founder, Military Apart from many publications written,edited he importance The importance 1984 Founder EditorShriSPBaranwal... was founded byitsFounder Publisher & Our Journey StartsasGuide Publications 50 disastrous consequences. plans will takeernisation a nosedive with tage themod- Cheetah/hetakhelicopters, vin- stalled, especially thereplacementof theseprojectsgets However,ters. any of if attackobservation andheavy-lift helicop- sions awaited—case inpointisthelight the trails have beencompletedanddeci- theequipmenttobeinductedex import, of the ALH,-WSICHetc. For majority systemslike andsupporting helicopters of itsrequirementinterms meet thebulkof theHALto is theindigenous capability of stages. newequipmentareinthefinal tion of plansforreplacement/induc- ernisation themod- tions proceedasplanned.Mostof provided downnarrow theacquisi- further notveryis currently large andislikely to tatively. growsbothquantitativelyarm andquali - coming years. enhanced roleinlandoperations inthe The Army A Conclusion India... Ministers and Presidents of including the Prime support from dignitaries relentlessly withcollective Military Yearbook continues The biggest advantage theAAC has The gap between desireandreality viation needstoplay avastly his is only possible if the This isonly possibleif SP Founder Publisher... conveying gratitude to Military Yearbook rechristened asSP’s Military Yearbook is 1994 of afewmagazines... Founder...Also envisioned isthe pathof introduction Publications offering tributeand gratitude toits Guide Publications isrechristened asSPGuide WE SHALLBE50THIS YEAR 2014 span of afewyears... from ‘98and withina are launched starting Forces, SP’sNaval Forces SP’s Aviation, SP’sLand 2004 2013 introduction... intensity of magazines M.A.I. follows the SP’s Airbuz, 23/01/13 12:23PM review >>

Equipment Profile... Continued from page 3 Photograph: BAE Systems state police undergoing modernisation pro- also to be procured. The infantry is also BAE Systems's M777 gramme would also be able to procure the lightweight howitzer being provided with multi-purpose vehi- same. According to the Indian Procure- cles (MPVs), light-bullet proof vehicles (Lt ment Policy, the selected vendor will have to BPVs), light-strike vehicles (LSVs) and addi- transfer the technology to the state-owned tional snow mobiles. Ordnance Factory Board, which will then manufacture the guns under licence within Special Forces the country. Equipping of Special Forces (SF) is lagging New bullet proof jackets, ballistic hel- woefully. “Packaged equipping” of sub- mets and boots anti-mine which were also units has not taken off and critical equip- to be procured, have not materialised so ment like laser target designators is yet to far. The infantry is also looking for a man- be provisioned. The Army’s emphasis has portable third-generation anti-tank guided been on expansion, ignoring the univer- missile under barrelled grenade launchers, sally acknowledged four Special Forces 60mm mortars, enhanced-range 81mm global truths: mortars and thermal-imaging night sights for assault rifles. Incidents like 26/11 have  Humans are more important than hard- underlined the need to equip all infantry ware battalions suitably for rapid reaction. This  Quality is better than quantity is being achieved by procuring specialised  Special Forces cannot be mass produced items for the Ghatak Platoons (Commando  Competent Special Forces cannot be cre- Platoons) of Infantry Battalions. Multi- ated after emergencies arise. mode grenades have been indented with It would be prudent to first consolidate

the Ordnance Factory Board while ammu- the existing seven Special Forces battalions nition of the Rocket Launcher Mark III is and fully equip them before adding more.

F-INSAS

The future infantry soldier as a system (F-INSAS) has been initiated to make the infantryman a weapon platform with situ- Our Journey Starts as Guide Publications ational awareness, increased lethality and 1964 sustainability in the digitised battlefield. was founded by its Founder Publisher & F-INSAS is to be effected in three phases: Phase-I includes weapons, body armour, Founder Editor Shri S P Baranwal... clothing and individual equipment; Phase- 1964 WE SHALL BE 50 THIS YEAR II is the target acquisition system and Phase-III comprises the computer sub-sys- tem, radio sub system, software and soft- ware integration. F-INSAS will be a part of the battlefield management system (BMS) Apart from many publications written, edited of the Army. and published by the Founder, Military 2014 Engineers: Equipment has been pro- cured to assist in de-mining operations Yearbook is introduced in 1965... and to improve the engineers’ capability for disaster management. Protective equip- ment, to enhance the fighting capability of the Army in the nuclear, biological and Guide Publications is rechristened as SP Guide chemical (NBC) scenario has been pro- cured. Protection against improvised explo- Military Yearbook continues Publications offering tribute and gratitude to its sive devices (IED) in counter-insurgency and counter-terrorist operations is being relentlessly with collective Founder...Also envisioned is the path of introduction constantly enhanced through procure- ment of a sophisticated range of counter support from dignitaries of a few magazines... IED equipment. The capability is also being including the Prime strengthened by replacing existing bridge 1974 systems with state-of-the-art indigenous Ministers and Presidents of bridges, which will enhance tactical mobil- 2013 ity of our field formations. Procurement of India... new earth-moving plants and material han- dling cranes is also being done to reduce the Military Yearbook is SP’s Aviation, SP’s Land fatigue factor for troops. rechristened as SP’s Forces, SP’s Naval Forces Signals: The Corps of Signals has assim- ilated all types of technology from mobile Military Yearbook are launched starting SP’s Airbuz, SP’s cellular, satellite, microwave and fibre-optic communication and are today on the verge conveying gratitude to from ‘98 and within a M.A.I. follows the of ushering in a next-generation network, based on futuristic technology. As far as 1984 Founder Publisher... span of a few years... intensity of magazines radio communications are concerned, a introduction... number of promising technologies such as software defined radio (SDR) and cognitive radio (CR) are being closely analysed for their effective military usage.

Information Systems The objective of the Director General Infor- mation Systems is to vigorously pursue the 2004 establishment of the Command Information 1994 Decision Support System (CIDSS) for the Army to link together all other automated communication and information systems such as the battlefield surveillance system (BSS), the artillery combat command and control system (ACCCS), the air defence control and reporting system (AD C&R) and the battle management system (BMS), in an effort to present a holistic picture to a com- mander and his senior staff officers to ease the decision-making process. This will also JUST 1 STEP SHORT OF 50 YEARS link the communication system at strategic, operational and tactical levels and enable the Army to fight “network-enabled war- fare” in the future. SP

8-9_50 YEARS MESSAGE SPREAD Advert of SP's.indd 8-9 23/01/13 12:23 PM 50 1/2013 SP’s Land Forces 7 www.spslandforces.net T parate inter-servicesresources. dis- leading tothecohesive employment of hierarchy military and strategic levels of potential to merge the tactical, operational operations. cient execution of that- canbeexploited foreffective andeffi sharedawareness to create ahighlevel of geographically forces dispersed ability of maximum warfighting entities.Itisthe of can begenerated fromtheeffective linking importance. assumesgreater to shooters, assess its compositionand send theresults exploiting systemsthat sensethebattlefield developing, maintainingand the taskof trol systemsinrealtimeandneartime, firecon- feeding as they becomecapable of as they proliferate intypeandnumber and growmoreacuteandreliable,As sensors an inputforoverall commandandcontrol. directly intooperations rather thanusedas fare, which when occurs intelligence isfed NCW isthefocusonintelligence-based war mander’s mission. thebattlespace toachieve thecom- ics of collaboratively inresponsetothedynam- work andshooters decision-makers, sensors the decision-maker. Conversely, inNCW, the connect between theshooter, and sensors approach to warfighting, there isalways dis-  L manner.graduated a in and smoothly concepts and systems new the absorb to desirable be would concept war-gamingthe as well as implementation phased structure. controlA and command and levels interoperability architectures, weapon architecture, sensor of issues specific addressing and doctrine a specifying necessitate will structure joint a of evolution The for the Indian Military Network-C sors. sors. tems andweapons have theirorganic sen- own platform owns shooters; weapon sys- and decision-makers donotinherently donotinherentlyshooters own sensors T NCW Concept address theseheadon. address is thusimmenseandwe would have to erupt. unexpected problemsandeven crisiscan andmotivated leadership visionary people, meet newchallenges istough.Even with organisations. Shaping anorganisation to ture that we have got usedtoinmilitary impact thehierarchal organisational- struc Logically,ment onground. NCWwould also toimple- site vision,doctrineandstructures fore, willhave tobematched witharequi- mission effectiveness. finally, these, dramatically increasing allof command,and sustainability andspeedof and self-synchronisation, andenhancing ational awareness, enabling collaboration informationandsharedsitu- the qualityof improves information sharing, enhancing comprise a robustly-networked forcethat to theinformationage. response emergingmilitary the gamut of is nottechnology alonebutencompasses to bearconcentrated ontotheenemy. NCW tion tosynergiseresourcesandbringthem - an aidandnottheendinitself;amanifesta purely atechnological issue. NCWisonly >> 8 ypically, intheplatform-centric force, NCW focusesonthecombat power that t herefore, in this type of traditional Therefore, inthis type of General The challenge forces tothedefence SP’s LandForces Te albeit somemistakenly thinkitis network-centric warfare (NCW), relationship. ha echnology andw ve chnol (Retd) (Retd) all alonghadasymbiotic he most visible part of of The mostvisiblepart P This alsorelates to .C. Kato ch T echnology, there- og T

enets of NCW enets of NCW has the 1/2013 y arf are - and a flat organisation that fundamentally development andthentoimplementation ceeds inalineartopdown mannerthrough in themilitary, strategy andplanningpro- globalisation. and the impactof ers manag- middle tion andcontrolfunctionof need forspeed,lessercommunica - inresponsibilityduetothe differences few workers empowered totake decisionsand management, resulted inreducedlevels of commanders. the domainof with respecttoknowledge which bearers is lenges. Change management willbecritical ability andresponsibilityaremajor chal- and confidentialitywithclear-cut account- data integrity tures forhandlingissuesof - will beacriticalcomponent.Specificstruc data centres maintenance andupdating of Establishment,security willbeimportant. cation network, seamlessinteraction and work infrastructure, backbonecommuni- the net- maintenance and availability of will requirerestructuring. Establishment, and the knowledgetion bearers bearers - communications), informa data bearers, C2 process,infomanagement, ITandtele- command andcontrol(C2)framework, (encompassing trol setupinthemilitary loop andthelike. the observe, orient,decideandact(OODA) increased operational tempo, reductionof information superiority, sharedawareness, synchronisation, informationdominance, or administrative; the buzz words being self thewar machine, whether operational of pressures onalmostallothercomponents decision-cycle which would exert additional fare. war NCW implies a change in the pace of NCW Model Platform Integrated Network he experience of the corporate has thecorporate has The experience of With respect to command and con- his paradigm involves shrinking of the This paradigm involves shrinkingof entricity However, - within a service tooneedstobedefined. within aservice interoperability andeven across theservices challenges duringrestructuring. tactical andstrategic level willposemajor yetsystem. Interface segregate operational and responsivefrom a fast decision-support shooter platformwould have tobefound betweenoption for interface sensor and while the weapon integrating Aviable grid. Similarissueswillemerge thesesensors. of command andcontrol issuesof addressing the sensorarchitecturethat isadoptedand willhavesensor grid tobeevolved, basedon The organisational to manage structure the cal problemsthat needtobelooked into. tecture. acollaborative archi- incaseof addressing information will require and control of ability asalsoprocedural issuesfor exchange Operationalare tobeintegrated. interoper thethreeservices systemsof especially if data fusion, issuesof is essentialtoaddress structures. curement asalsothecommandandcontrol as itwillhave abearingonhardware pro- thesensorarchitecture requires definitionof and thelike willcontinue toberaised. security informationtobefed, amount of autonomy,questions like levels of levels, higherHQ.overarching Myriad presence of from operationalforming assets without the translates intodynamic liaisonsadaptively as mentionedabove inthecorporate sector, tional military. For themilitary, thechanges This may notbeeasily palatable tothetradi- changes paradigm. thepresentstructural NCW philosophy/doctrine hasresultedin an mushroomed bottomupwards. Lackof has Net-centricity intheIndianmilitary Indian Military ntegration of sensors in the battlefield inthebattlefield sensors of Integration There would bemany suchpracti- he definition of the architecture thearchitecture The definitionof

Photograp h: SP G elvlo The level of uide Pubns - up most of thetime. up mostof technology that islikely totake absorption of However, itisthechange inmindsetsand down to operational level years in a few time. wouldment for Indianmilitary be available orative working. Anetwork-enabled environ- willhavetrol structures tocater tothiscollab- within eachservice. closely, notonly butalso acrosstheservices collaborative working needs tobe looked at knowledge management. Inourcontext, this process isway behindandthereisabsence of available expertise withintheservices. of solved throughoutsourcing, given thelevels same planeisagigantic taskthat canonly be onthe thethreeservices and protocolsof has beendeveloped. Bringingthestandards ing secrecy algorithm forthethreeservices which needtobeovercome. Nosingle unify- hardware arechallenges and commonalityof between systemsusingdisparate platforms interfaces tures, development/deployment of cols, mutually compatible database- struc standardsandproto- ising andadoptionof havethree services notbeenevolved. Final- Common standardsandprotocolsforthe handshake.been madeforachievingservices (DCN) is coming up but little progress has stage. interoperability at amuch later thinking of vice develops networks onitsown andstarts interoperable tothedesireddegree.Eachser networks nor our radio communications are are not interoperable. Neithervoice nordata tributed towards this. aCDShave allcon- with HQIDSandvoid of limited authority/operational responsibility (MoD), Defence of (HQ IDS)withMinistry Services Defence Integrated Headquarters worked architecture. of Non-integration net- coherent tri-service development of from ajointdoctrine. shouldflow individual services Concepts of NCW philosophy/doctrine point. asthestart into a NCW-capabletary force, we needa adjustments. egy, organisations concepts,military and NCW must alsoencompasspolicies,strat- and donotconstituteNCWby themselves. these two spheres are componentsof gence (C4I2)andinformationwarfareIW), ( information,intelli- nications, computers, doctrines forcommand,control,commu- has still not been defined. an ambiguousNCWarchitecture, which environment; abrigade restructure sized designedforthe network-centricstructures trine forNCW; definecommandandcontrol and weapon evolve grids; doc- atri-service tecture that isappropriate forthesensor archi- definethetypeof feasible/desired; that is andwithintheservices the services interoperability across define thelevel of operational concepttoachieve amission; would be:toevolve anetwork-centric NCW-enabled force, theessentialsteps T Requirement ndian military intoa o transformtheIndianmilitary t present, networks of the three services thethreeservices At present,networks of he defence communicationsThe defence network T o transformtheIndianmili- The commandandcon- Continued onpage 13... his will facilitate This willfacilitate Though we have NCW his This - Attack helicopters >> Indian Army’s Mini Air Force Mini Air Force, or the Army Aviation Corps, is the arm of the future and will play a decisive role in any future conflict. It is a legitimate requirement of all professional armies the world over and the Indian Army is no exception.

Photograph: Indian Army  Lt General (Retd) B.S. Pawar limited tenures, a system which adversely Rudra armed advanced impacts the smooth functioning of these ver since the decision of the light helicopter (ALH) units. In fact the decision to make this cadre Ministry of Defence (MoD) to hand permanent had been hanging fire for quite over attack helicopters to the Army, some time, due to the complexities involved there have been a spate of articles in in the transfer of these personnel from dif- the media focusing on their misplaced ferent arms/units. However, the decision has Eperception of the Army getting its own “Mini finally been taken to permanently absorb Air Force”. The recent decision of the Army these personnel into the Army Aviation on the creation of a permanent cadre for the Corps and to set up a separate records office Army Aviation Corps seems to have further to manage the administrative requirements fuelled this perception. The latest article on of these personnel. This indeed is a welcome this subject appeared in a leading daily on step and will help in further streamlining the December 3, 2012, with a sensational title, functioning and operational effectiveness of “Now Army to Get Own Mini Air Force”. the Army Aviation Corps and is a far cry from The protagonists of these views obviously do the imagination of some, who consider this not understand the connotation of the term move by the Army as a step towards forming Mini Air Force or they would not use it in the a mini Air Force. context of actions being taken by the Army/ Despite all the bottlenecks and impedi- MoD towards the planned modernisation and remains a major drawback in its operational and carrier progression aspects. The techni- ments, the Army Aviation Corps is con- transformation of the Army Aviation Corps. capability especially in the mountains. The cians are already permanently affiliated to tinuing to grow, albeit slowly. A significant They fail to understand that the world over Army in its long-term plans is looking at an the Army Aviation Corps. Their induction is development is the induction of the Rudra army aviation has a separate philosophy/ attack/armed helicopter unit, a reconnais- done directly into Army Aviation through (armed ALH) into the corps by March this concept of employment and roles/tasks vis- sance and observation helicopter unit and a the corps of EME with separate career and year. The replacement of the existing vin- à-vis the air forces. This fact has been amply light/tactical battle support helicopter unit promotional prospects and they retire on tage fleet of Cheetah/Chetak helicopters demonstrated by the employment of such with each Corps. This gives a very effective their superannuation from the corps itself. is now imperative, for any slippage on forces in the two Iraq wars and their present operational capability in terms of firepower The support cadre on the other hand consists this account will have disastrous security employment in Afghanistan. and mobility to the field force commander to mostly of personnel required for administra- implications, as the maintenance of this The Indian Army today has the larg- fight his battle without having to look over tion, logistics, security and flying operations. fleet itself is becoming a technician’s night- est number of helicopters in its inventory his shoulders, especially in the initial phase These involve trades like clerks, drivers, radio mare. Mini Air Force, or the Army Aviation (270 to be precise) consisting mainly of the of the battle where time and speed is crucial. operators, air traffic controllers, meteoro- Corps is the arm of the future and will play light observation (Cheetah and Chetak) and The heavy-lift helicopters and light fixed- logical staff, fire-fighting personnel, etc.T hey a decisive role in any future conflict. It is a light utility (ALH/Dhruv). These assets are wing aircraft would be command assets, are currently drawn from all arms/services legitimate requirement of all professional nowhere near what had been envisaged for enhancing the logistics and lift capabil- of the Army and are posted to aviation units armies the world over and the Indian Army in 1963 by the then Chief of Army Staff ity as well as their utilisation for command on extra-regimental employment (ERE) for is no exception. SP (COAS) General J.N. Chaudhuri, to have and control purposes. In the absence of a full-fledged air arm of the Army which adequate and suitable infrastructure on would include all classes of helicopters our eastern borders this could be a very including attack and light fixed-wing air- critical resource. Suitable organisations are craft of the Dornier class. It is worth noting required for command and control and co- that it took nearly 23 years for the Army to ordination of such resources, and hence the finally break away from the Air Force and concept of Corps Aviation Brigades, the first form its own aviation corps in 1986. It has one being already effective in 14 Corps with taken another 27 years for the Government three helicopter units under its command. to take the decision on the issue of the own- With regard to a permanent cadre for ership of attack helicopters in favour of the Army Aviation Corps, there are three distinct Army. However, the Defence Ministry has categories in its cadre—the aviators (pilots), failed to resolve the issue in its entirety as technicians (EME personnel) and the sup- the medium- and heavy-lift helicopters have port staff. The aviators are officers selected been kept out of the government decree from all arms and currently have strength of and continue to be held with the Air Force, approximately 280 officers. In this number, whereas the issue of fixed-wing aircraft for almost 30 per cent are already permanently the Army is not even on the MoD radar. seconded to the aviation corps and form part Future conflicts are likely to be short, of the permanent cadre. The first batch of swift and intense, where time and speed of officers was inducted into the permanent operations will be of prime essence, and in cadre in 1999 and thereafter a continuous our context these are most likely to occur in process of induction of a certain number the mountains in respect of both the eastern of officers based on a selection system takes and northern borders. In the above scenario, place every year. Recently, the direct induc- the Army Aviation assets will play a pivotal tion of officers into Army Aviation Corps role right from the word go and will consti- has also commenced both from the Indian tute the key element of the commander’s Military Academy, Dehradun, and Officers plans. The Army Aviation due to its inher- Training Academy, Chennai. It is ultimately ent characteristics is a game changer and a planned to have a permanent to support force multiplier that can tilt the balance in cadre ratio of 40:60 with regards to the any conflict. It would be pertinent to men- aviators, keeping in mind the organisational tion here that both our adversaries, China and Pakistan, have full-fledged Army Avia- The Army Aviation tion Corps having all class of helicopters including attack helicopters and fixed-wing due to its inherent aircraft as part of their inventory and they do not in any way qualify as a mini Air Force characteristics is a game of their country. Hence, in the present state, the Indian Army Aviation corps is nowhere changer and a force near being a Mini Air Force as is being pro- jected in the print media. In fact without multiplier that can tilt the crucial assets like medium- and heavy-lift helicopters, its full potential cannot be balance in any conflict exploited in the tactical battlefield and this

Untitled-3 1 17/08/12 5:31 PM

1/2013 SP’s Land Forces 9 >> Indo-Pak Conflict Peace Process Devoid of Strategy Our policy-makers and security experts must first formulate a comprehensive security strategy and thereafter the diplomats and others should work out an entirely fresh negotiating plan.

Photograph: PIB  Lt General (Retd) Vijay Oberoi always baulked at issuing formal written policies or even guidelines. The result is that he savage mutilation of two we seem to be caught literally with our pants soldiers of the Indian Army on the down when an event with security connota- line of control (LoC) has brought tions occurs. We then resort to taking ‘fire- to centre-stage two crucial aspects fighting’ actions in an ad hoc manner. of our relations with Pakistan. The All stakeholders need to be on the same Tfirst is the fragile nature of the so-called grid and must be clear as to what exactly peace process with Pakistan and the second is our policy or strategy and what we want is the lack of any long-term plans/policies, to achieve. This will result in coordinated without which knee jerk reactions are the responses and not what we normally do, with norm and several different voices add to the individuals and even agencies/institutions din. Resultantly, persons who have to imple- speaking out of turn and at variance with ment or take action are confused. each other. This aspect clearly stood out in The first aspect is the so-called peace the present case when all kinds of statements process, which our successive governments were issued by different individuals, rang- have been pursuing by bending over back- ing from no disruption of the peace process wards for decades to appease Pakistan. The on the one hand to military response on the results are that Pakistan as well as other other. Consequently, it is imperative to spell countries perceives us as a soft state; a state out our policies and stances in formalised that can be coerced into giving concessions Brigadier level officers from India documents so that leaders and officials deal- without any quid pro quo, and a state that and Pakistan at a flag meeting, ing with the subject are correctly prepared has no understanding of deterrence. Our at Chakan-da-Bagh, in Poonch with their responses. The security strategies leaders and their advisors also seem to have must clearly bring out ‘red lines’ and action no comprehension of what ‘talking from to be taken if the other side crosses one or a position of strength’ means. They need on non-state actors to act as the vanguards ties became the norm. The result was that more intentionally or by default. to understand that in relations between to their Army and wanting concessions the CFL became an active and live border, nations, the phrase ‘the meek shall inherit from India ad infinitum. except when a ceasefire was in effect.T his The Peace Process the earth’ does not apply. It is deterrent capa- Pakistan latched on to Kashmir within state of affairs continued even after the CFL India has been making overtures for peace bility that is the most important. This trans- two months of the partition of India by became the LoC. for decades, yet all we have received in lates into a strong military and political will. sending so-called raiders led by Pakistani Whenever a new infantry battalion is return from Pakistan is violence of many The second issue is also of utmost Army personnel and since then it evokes inducted on their portion of the LoC, the types, including wars and terrorism; hedg- importance. It is obvious that the entire Kashmir as the causes belli between the enemy unit opposite them assesses by ini- ing and denials; impossible demands; and government machinery was taken by sur- two countries. Its second gambit was to cre- tiating action. Units that respond with guts subterfuges. It is unfortunate that our polit- prise at this event, resulting in a number ate a strong army by telling its people that and vigour then dominate and assume ical leaders have taken a somewhat rigid of emotional outbursts suggesting different India was the villain who was out to grab moral ascendency on the unit opposite. view that the process should continue, come and varied responses. These have ranged, Pakistan! The result was that the Army soon Subsequent actions on either side thereafter what may. This has apparently been done at somewhat predictably, from continuing became the biggest and at times only power- conform to this relationship. One example the instance of a few peaceniks and syco- the policy of appeasement to immediate centre in the country, using resources at the should suffice. On the first night after a phants who have their own agendas, as well military action. We will continue to be sur- cost of the people. Despite this, the Pakistani Maratha Light Infantry battalion assumed as international (read USA) pressure. Unfor- prised, shocked and at our wits’ end in this Army has yet to deliver in any fight against control of their area, the Pakistani unit tunately, our leaders have failed to consult manner, till we formulate well thought out the Indian Army, but this is hidden from the subjected its forward posts to heavy shell- those organisations and individuals who security strategies for situations that we are people of Pakistan by the spin doctors tell- ing. The next morning, the officer at the are au fait with and understand Pakistan’s likely to face. It is unfortunate that even the ing outright lies. Maratha post climbed a tree with a rocket intransigence fully and are clear about how Army, which carries out continuous contin- The third important aspect is that while launcher and blasted two bunkers of the far one must go in trying to befriend this gency planning, failed to anticipate this type the Indian Army has remained apolitical enemy post. Thereafter, not one bullet was country that is constantly drumming up of Pakistani attack after the heavy shelling and professional, the Pakistani Army soon fired by the Pakistanis on the Marathas dur- antagonism against our nation and loses no in the Uri Sector two days earlier. started toppling elected governments and ing their entire tenure! opportunity to take recourse to violence to The continuation of the so-called peace became the ultimate power-centre of the The present ceasefire has been in force achieve its ends. process would obviously be unproductive. country. In the process it lost its military since 2003, the longest among many. Even Our apparent inability to even discern It will further reinforce the thinking in qualities and professionalism. It is this that though an active LoC favours our troops, we who really is in power in Pakistan is baffling Pakistan that it can do what it likes, as the gets reflected so glaringly in this incident of had agreed to the ceasefire, so that Pakistan indeed. Although there is an elected govern- Indian leadership will always select the soft beheading an Indian soldier and mutilating could withdraw troops for conducting oper- ment in Pakistan, it is the Pakistani Army option, harping on restraint, not upsetting the body of the other. ations against the Taliban and other insur- that makes policy and strategic decisions in the apple cart and similar other clichés that gents. However, Pakistan chose not to do that country and it would be damned if it indicate neither personal nor national pride. Dynamics of the LoC so and instead continued to nurture those makes peace with India, then why bother Our policy-makers are so lacking in The present LoC is the second avatar of the terrorists. It also continued pushing infiltra- and waste time, money and effort in trying imagination that they seem to think that erstwhile Cease Fire Line (CFL), which had tors across the LoC. something unachievable? What we need to there are only two options open to them, come into being on January 1, 1949. After The troops deployed on the LoC have do is to have routine relations with Pakistan which are either dialogue or war. One of the 1971 war with Pakistan, a fresh line an onerous task as they have to constantly and deal with it on the basis of reciprocity their main spokesperson, who is seen at was demarcated, which is the present LoC. strike a balance between stopping infiltra- and on a case to case basis. It is only this most discussions, puts it across as “either A fact not well known is that when the LoC tion and observing ceasefire norms.T he approach and not the policy of appease- ‘jaw-jaw’ or ‘war-war’.” How puerile can came into being, the role of UN Observ- government keeps insisting that the troops ment that may bear fruit over time. one be! Our leaders and their advisors seem ers in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) became must show restraint without realising that to be oblivious of how other nations handle redundant and India told the UN that they to carry out their twin tasks of maintaining Conclusion their intransigent neighbours or adversar- could withdraw. However, in its efforts to the sanctity of the LoC and not permitting It is nobody's case that we should not live ies. It is high time the government under- internationalise the Kashmir issue, Paki- infiltration, some force has to be used.T he peacefully with our neighbours and resolve all stands that there are innumerable options stan asked the UN Observers to continue. commanding officers know how to main- problems and disputes by discussion, but this available between negotiations and war, Pakistan again attempted to drag in the UN tain a correct balance between keeping needs give and take on both sides. So far, it has provided it stops listening to only peaceniks as this event unfolded, but was informed in motivational and morale levels of troops been a one-sided affair and there are no indi- and sycophants and instead takes the advice no uncertain terms that India would not high and also implementing the effects of cators that the future would be any different. of professionals. rise to the bait. political decisions as they pertain at their The least what we can do is to apply a Despite the formal demarcation, the Pak- levels. They must be given a free hand. brake on the peace process, jettison the The India-Pakistan Conundrum istani Army did not honour the sanctity of “composite dialogue” and wait for a more Pakistan was carved out of India on the the CFL, from its very inception. They com- Security Strategies conducive environment. Our policy-makers specious ground that Muslims are a sepa- menced encroaching and nibbling on our The dire need for a security strategy that and security experts must first formulate a rate nation and that they will not get equal side of the CFL, hoping to either gain tacti- defines the parameters of our relation- comprehensive security strategy and there- status in India as a minority. History has cally advantageous positions or merely to ship with neighbours, as well as with other after the diplomats and others should work already proved both assumptions wrong. incorporate additional real estate. This was nations is an obvious lacuna in our country. out an entirely fresh negotiating plan. SP Soon after its formation, Pakistan adopted a naturally resisted by our troops. Thereafter, Successive governments have talked about three-pronged strategy consisting of perma- eyeball to eyeball deployment, exchange of formulating security strategies that would The writer is a former Vice Chief of Army Staff

www.spslandforces.net nent alienation with India; heavy reliance fire, raids across the lines and similar activi- cover anticipated security issues but have (VCOAS).

10 SP’s Land Forces 1/2013 Marketing Feature >>

Antey-2500 Long-Range Air Defense Missile System

he mobile long-range air the target (radio correction of flight pro- “Antey-2500” ADMS elements into per- “Antey-2500” ADMS is characterised by defense missile system (ADMS) gramme and target designation for several spective non-strategic missile air defence very high combat survivability: the deploy- Antey-2500 is a very effective air seconds before its destruction). For this systems will provide effective protection ment/close down time does not exceed 5-6 defence (AD) which could become purpose, it is necessary to provide constant against a wide spectrum of ballistic mis- minutes and the tracked chassis allow to the mainstay of AD of any nation. transmission of the target coordinates to siles at a stage of atmospheric interception change positions even in cross country TWhen the characteristics are compared to the launcher from the radar of AD System as well as the protection of objectives and and adverse conditions. On the customer’s other systems in the world, Antey-2500 with which “Antey-2500” launcher has ABMD means themselves against all types demand, the ADMS may be supplied on the is undoubtedly a world leader. The cur- been integrated with. Such integration of of air assault means. wheeled chassis. rent export version of Antey-2500 has The command and control over ADMS been upgraded extensively from the 1990s (ADMC/battalion) is executed from com- version to meet the present and future air mand and control post (CCP). It receives the threat. It includes modern element base information from two subordinate radars and digital technologies that significantly and/or external sources (higher level CCP, enhance the performances of the system. external radars). One of radars executes cir- The most significant innovation in the cular search of space at a distance of 500 new missile is to increase its firing range km. The second radar (having electronic up to 350 km with which it can effec- controlled beam in two planes) operates tively engage and destroy airborne warn- in the prescribed sector. Its main missions ing and control system (AWACS) aircraft. are: the timely detection of ballistic mis- Earlier such hostile targets were engaged siles warheads as well as targets detection by fighter aircraft. Antey-2500 has a com- in conditions of heavy jamming. The auto- bination of pre-programmed guidance of mated analyses of the airspace situation is surface-to-air missile (SAM) with the radio executed at the CCP, after that it distributes correction and semi-active guidance at the chosen targets among subordinate mis- the final stage of flight, which provide it sile batteries (ADMBat), there are up to four a high anti-jamming and accurate firing batteries under one CCP. capability. The effective destruction of the The multi-channel missile guidance target is provided with the use of heavy radar (MGR) is the main element of the warhead weighing 150 kg. Its destructive battery; the radar may detect enemy’s tar- effect multiplies because of the Russian gets independently in the prescribed sector, “know-how” – which is guided blasting of or operate depending on the target desig- the warhead charge providing fragments nation from CCP. Each MGR tracks up to spread within the spatial angle of 60º. 12 targets and controls up to six launch- When firing missiles which have active ers by transmitting the coordinates of one radar seekers on the group of targets, they target to each launcher. Depending on the may target the most powerful emitting tar- data received from MGR, the launcher pro- get, which is almost impossible for “Antey- vides for the firing on the determined tar- 2500” SAM. It is capable of destroying Antey-2500 ADMS-Performance get, guiding radio correction and designa- all types of aerodynamic targets, includ- Killing zone: tion radar antenna on the target. The firing ing cruise missiles, as well as the ballistic Against aerodynamic targets: is executed with the use of one or several missiles launched at the ranges of more - range, km up to 350 SAMs, launched from the launcher or than 2,500 km. Antey-2500 can easily loader/launcher attached to it. Every bat- - altitude, km up to 30 be integrated into the customers overall tery may contain up to six launchers and Against ballistic targets: AD system but it can effectively operate in loader/launchers. autonomous mode, using its own highly - range, km up to 40 There are two type of missiles; the effective detection radars. - altitude, km up to 25 “light” missiles of maximum range up to One of the major advantages of ADMS Radar cross-section of targets engaged, m2 ≥ 0.02 130 km are launched by the launcher Antey-2500 is the capability to use its sen- Max. start range of ballistic missiles engaged, km 2500+ (up to four missiles on each launcher) and sors to considerably increase the effective- Number of targets engaged simultaneously up to 24 three types of “heavy” missiles, range of up ness of other air defence means including Number of missiles: to 350 km, are launched by the launcher/ medium-/long-range and anti-ballistic - 9A83MEMLV 4 launcher (two missiles of one type per missile defence (ABMD) systems. Combat - 9A84MELLV 2 loader/launcher). batteries or even separate launchers with Launching rate, s: “Antey-2500” ADMS is available in missiles of “Antey-2500” ADMS might be - from different launchers, sec 0 serial production for the Russian Armed easily integrated into these systems. Each - from one launcher, sec 1.5- Forces and for export as well. The system launcher by itself computes the optimal Reaction time, s 10 continuously undergoes development and launch moment for its missiles and its built- has vast upgradation potential. (See figures In/ out deployment time, min not more than 6 in radar provides for missiles guidance to for the composition of the system) SP

1/2013 SP’s Land Forces 11 >> army air defence Three Decades of Status Quo Army Air Defence (AAD) is holding systems of varying vintage ranging from 49-year-old (L70 gun) to the youngest being 17-year-old (Tangushka). However, majority of the remaining guns and missiles are more than two decades old. Considering the vintage, the current AAD picture is rather dismal when reviewed system by system.

PhotographS: SP Guide Pubns, Lockheed Martin  Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand Apart from the aspect rmy Air Defence (AAD) is an important component of modern of obsolescence, there is warfare. The air threat is develop- a factor of shelf life ing at a very fast rate with better aeronautics, avionics and arma- of ammunition and ment.A Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have added another dimension to the threat missiles which effects which started with reconnaissance and sur- veillance, and has manifested into armed their lethality, accuracy platforms. The employment of cruise and ballistic missiles make adversaries’ airpower and safety formidable. The security environment in India’s neighbourhood is always on a dan- gerous threshold and a short fuse, amply Schilka System: It is a highly mobile sys- clear by the recent incident on the line of tem for supporting armour formations and control (LoC) in spite of the ceasefire being is in service since the early 1970s. Its succes- in force; thus it is necessary to modernise sor was Tangushka, one regiment of which the Army on a regular basis. was procured, but there were many twist and turns for buying additional mounts. The Current AD Scenario result is that the AAD is stuck with limited AAD is holding systems of varying vintage equipment which is obsolete and difficult to ranging from 49-year-old (L70 gun) to the maintain. The upgradation has been car- youngest being 17-year-old (Tangushka). ried out with a new more powerful engine, However, majority of the remaining guns digital computer, better electro-optical sight- and missiles are more than two decades ing system and a new fire control radar.T he old. The technology, especially in the field four barrel 23mm gun with a rate of fire of of ammunition, missiles, sensors and active 3,400 rounds per minute has been retained seekers has advanced very rapidly, thus it is and there is a provision for firing shoulder- necessary to upgrade and replace the exist- fired missiles.T he process should be speeded ing AD weapon systems at least every 15-20 up for equipping selected regiments with the Tangushka self-propelled years, so that they remain current. Apart air defense system upgraded mounts. Meanwhile, possibilities from the aspect of obsolescence, there is a should be explored for induction of a bet- factor of shelf life of ammunition and mis- ter system through ‘Make and Buy’ or ‘joint siles which effects their lethality, accuracy venture’ route. and safety. Considering the vintage, the Quick Reaction SAM (QRSAM) system: current AAD picture is rather dismal when The current system is OSA-AK which is a reviewed system by system. highly mobile system for the air defence of L/70 Gun system: L/70 is the mainstay armour formations. This system is more of AAD and has been the warhorse of AAD than 20 years old and needs to be replaced. since 1964. It was to be replaced but there DRDO’s effort to develop Trishul system is no progress. The Defence Research and did not succeed and a RFP has been issued Development Organisation’s (DRDO) devel- twice. Hopefully, the current RFP will be opment effort also kept its replacement at a taken to its logical conclusion. limb for about two decades. Not many gun Medium-Range SAM (MRSAM) system: systems are currently available but a pos- Kvadrat is the current system which is more sible choice was Skyshield of Rheinmetall than 35 years old and has the technology of AD but unfortunately the company has early 1960s, thus a RFP has been issued but been blacklisted by India. Thus there is no later on withdrawn due to poor response. As hope even in the distant future for a succes- DRDO’s Akash has not been found suitable sor system. Even if a gun is shortlisted, it for mobile role, a few regiments of Akash may take at least five years for the delivery have been contracted for semi-static role. to start. Notionally, if 10 regiments have to Meanwhile, DRDO has signed a MoU with be provided with the new guns then at the Israel for the joint development of a mis- rate of one regiment per year, it will take 10 sile system of about 70 km. It is meant for years to equip all the 10 regiments provided Army, Navy and the Air Force. Meanwhile, there is no spill over. That takes it to 2028 in the interim phase, the AAD may explore and if the gun remains current for even the possibility of importing a few regiments three decades, the time frame will be 2058. of Patriot Advance Capability-3 (PAC-3) It is most unlikely that the current guns and from the US through the FMS route. PAC-3 ammunition will be able to counter the air- is the obvious choice as it is war proven; has power of 2058. Fortunately, the introduc- hit-to-kill technology; can engage aircraft, tion of radio fuse has increased the lethality helicopters, UAVs, cruise and tactical bal- of L70 manifold, but it is scaled at only 25 listic missiles. It is also deployed with many per cent of the total authorisation. It will Patriot Advance Capability-3 nations including the US. thus be cost effective to increase the scaling (PAC-3) missile Shoulder-fired surface-to-air (SAM) to at least 50 per cent which will increase systems: The current system is Igla which is also in service with the Indian Navy and the Schilka is a highly mobile lethality. It may also be prudent to live with 23mm Twin gun: This is a fair weather Air Force. A tri-service request for proposal the present system if no replacement is pos- gun system which is more than three decades (RFP) was issued and comparative trials have system for supporting sible in a reasonable time frame and the gun old. However, its rate of firing is very good been carried out. It is understood that many is replaced with a suitable missile system in (2,000 rounds per minute). It is suitable for systems were tried out including Saab’s armour formations and is the future. L70 is also being upgraded with mobile role and employment in the moun- RBS70-NG. The results are awaited. electric power lay and electro-optical sight- tains. It is being upgraded with a power lay During the last two Republic Day in service since the ing system. The electro-optical sighting and electro-optical sighting system which will parades, there has been no AAD equip- system is superfluous as it already has fire enhance its capability manifold and also pro- ment on display as there is nothing new to early 1970s control radar which is much superior to the vide it with night-firing capability.T he upgra- show—a telling comment on the moderni-

SP www.spslandforces.net proposed system. dation should be implemented at the earliest. sation of AAD.

12 SP’s Land Forces 1/2013 army day celebrations >>

PhotographS: SP Guide Pubns Army Day 2013 1

1. Chief of Army Staff General Bikram Singh during the Army Day parade in New Delhi on January 15 2. Main battle tank Arjun MK-I 3. BrahMos launcher 4. Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher system 5. Indian Army soldiers performing a combat demonstration during the Army Day parade 6. Soldiers of Indian Army with 155mm howitzer gun 7. A soldier with the latest TAR-21, Tavor assault rifle

2 3 4

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Network-Centricity... Continued from page 8 force based on above with appropriate level future military leaders. We need to pursue is a major challenge which involves both remain unaffected by bad weather and light of jointness with other services; create a development of human resources (HR) vig- the technological as well as psychological conditions. The important thing is that pre- network-centric environment for the above orously. Requisite emphasis needs to be laid aspects of change. There is an inescapable cise data and/or imagery for quick and accu- force and wargame concepts; redefine doc- on educating the man behind the weapon, need for standardisation and commonality rate decision-making is available on call, trine, organisation and command and con- aware of the state of future warfare and of equipment and protocols so as to achieve creating battlefield transparency and situa- trol structures based on experiences gained; how to fight it. All commanders and the integration of the individual modules and tional clarity even under the most trying cir- and restructure other formations/organisa- men they command will be the focus of systems for an integrated and resilient-net- cumstances. We must make the most of this tions once the concept is proved. transformation and the man behind the worked architecture. age of networking, with individual systems What we must acknowledge is that a machine will continue to be the nerve HQ IDS must be empowered to acceler- plugging into larger systems, thus leading to leaner and flatter organisational structure centre. NCW requires technology, but ulti- ate synergy and seamless interoperability in the ultimate goal of a system of systems. is required in a network-centric environ- mately reliance is essentially on people and the services including formulating a suitable ment. This can only be achieved by break- organisations. NCW environment would joint NCW Doctrine providing an evolving Scope of NCW ing down existing hierarchy, reducing demand a whole new set of skills and com- strategic vision of ‘full spectrum dominance’. NCW as a concept is still evolving but the manpower content and enhancing the petencies from the information age war- Effective management of the transformation potential is immense. The challenge to the knowledge base. The revised structure must riors. These warriors must have a thorough and increasing the technical threshold of the Indian military is to match what technol- take into account varied conflict scenarios understanding of all the system capabilities users is essential. Cyber warfare technology ogy can offer with what is desirable on the to include short duration conventional present in the battlespace and the ability, needs to be nurtured to develop the asymme- battlefield.T echnology misapplied within wars under proactive strategy, counter- initiative and innovativeness to employ the try against the adversary by denting his net- an organisation only guarantees failure. insurgency, nuclear/asymmetric operations capabilities for best effects. They must have works and downgrading his fighting ability. Big changes in military capabilities have as well as operations undertaken as part of the ability to interpret and make decisions Our inherent strengths lie in the dominance taken place when new weapons came into out-of-area contingency. on incomplete data, or when flooded with that India possesses in the fields of software. use along with equally pronounced shifts in To ensure effective transformation data (info overload), ability to operate in We need to capitalise on this; strengthen tactics, doctrine and military organisations. from the platform-centric capabilities to flatter organisational hierarchies. In addi- this in-house capability to augment our The evolution of a joint structure will neces- network-centric, a phased shift in the exist- tion, the capability to deal with lethality and technologies and enhance the effectiveness sitate specifying a doctrine and address- ing technology at the level of all the three accuracy of new technologies and adapt- of our operations. The last decade has seen ing specific issues of sensor architecture, services and horizontal fusion in our armed ability and flexibility to cope with change significant improvements in sensors, high weapon architectures, interoperability lev- forces at laid down hierarchical structure are required. Although development of speed digital data transfer using worldwide els and command and control structure. A is necessary. A thorough cultural change automated operational information system space, optical and mobile telephony links, phased implementation as well as war-gam- is warranted through an aptitude-based (OIS), management information system and the ruggedisation of hardware, coupled ing the concept would be desirable to absorb selection procedure which should influ- (MIS) and GIS is currently under way in the with greater affordability. Cutting-edge sen- the new systems and concepts smoothly ence the values, attitudes and beliefs of our services, managing the actual transition sor technology has ensured that the results and in a graduated manner. SP

1/2013 SP’s Land Forces 13 >> news in brief

Certified and ready, Indian Army weapon. A comprehensive self-protection for single or multiple payloads, simulation of Publisher and Editor-in-Chief to receive 1st weaponised Dhruv suite would empower the pilot with essential all phases of UAV mission as well as its pay- Jayant Baranwal situational awareness of the electromag- loads and to play prerecorded missions with Editor netic and laser environment. Any missile annotations for analysis, training of inter- Lt General (Retd) V.K. Kapoor launched on the helicopter would be picked nal pilot, external pilot, mission commander Assistant Group Editor up by the self-protection suite and effective and observer in stand-alone mode and as R. Chandrakanth countermeasures dispensed automatically. coordinated crew of a mission, training on Senior Technical Group Editor This makes Rudra practically unassailable.” all types of UAV emergencies and to carry Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand out student assessments. Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey Missile men honoured by GOI Contributing Editor In a significant milestone for the Hindu- In an affirmation for India’s longest range missile Air Marshal (Retd) Anil Chopra stan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL), the first Dhruv the country’s missile ­debuts at Republic Day Parade Sr. Copy Editor & Correspondent (weapon systems integrated) -- Dhruv-WSI programme, three top Sucheta Das Mohapatra or Rudra as it has been christened— will be missile scientists were Contributors certified and ready for handing over to its honoured this year by India primary customer, the Indian Army, during the Government with General (Retd) V.P. Malik, Lt General (Retd) Aero India 2013. While a modified version Padma awards. DRDO Vijay Oberoi, Lt General (Retd) R.S. Nagra, of the Dhruv airframe— tandem seats— Chief Dr Vijay Kumar Lt General (Retd) S.R.R. Aiyengar, goes into the light combat helicopter that is Saraswat, ScientificD r V.K. Saraswat Air Marshal (Retd) Vinod Patney, Major General (Retd) Ashok Mehta, currently in flight trials, the Army was of the Adviser to Defence Major General (Retd) G.K. Nischol, opinion that an armed Dhruv without major Minister and a scientist best known for Brigadier (Retd) Gurmeet Kanwal, modifications to the primary airframe would his association with the successful Akash Brigadier (Retd) S. Mishra, Rohit Sharma also be a potent platform, and be available SAM programme, has been honoured This Republic Day the Indian Government Chairman & Managing Director to the customer naturally much sooner. with a Padma Bhushan. “It is DRDO that showcased the Agni-V, the country’s lon- Jayant Baranwal The Rudra is a result of that. According to has got the award and it is a recognition gest range nuclear ballistic missile, capable Executive Vice President HAL, “a Rudra can carry forty-eight 70mm of DRDOs contribution towards nation of hitting pretty much any target in China. (Planning & Business Development) rockets. These rockets can be safely delivered building,” said Dr Saraswat. Dr Sivathanu With a range of nearly 6,000 km and the Rohit Goel at stand-off ranges of more than eight km. Pillai, DS & CCR&D and CEO BrahMos and capacity to deliver a 1.5-tonne nuclear Administration The turret mounted 20mm cannons can be Avinash Chander, Chief Control Research warhead, the Agni-V was a head-turner at Bharti Sharma cued to the electro-optical pod or the pilot’s & Development (Missiles & Strategic Sys- this year’s ceremonial parade on Rajpath. Senior Art Director helmet. This provides Rudra immediate and tems), are the other two eminent scientists Footage of the missile trundling down Anoop Kamath accurate firepower against ground and aerial of DRDO who have been honoured with the VVIP avenue were flashed on Chinese Design targets. The pilot only has to look at the tar- Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri respectiv state television stations, sparking almost Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht get and fire. Fire and forget anti-tank guided ely. The country’s missile programme has as much interest as the missile did during Research Assistant: Graphics missiles with seven-km range make Rudra enjoyed an upswing since 2008, with sev- its debut—and so far only—test-firing in Survi Massey an ideal platform for ground support roles. eral programmes coming to fruition and April 2012. While the precise range of the Rudra can carry four air-to-air missiles. new technologies proving themselves. missile remains classified, there has been Sales & Marketing Director Sales & Marketing: Neetu Dhulia These are infrared guided fire and forget mis- speculation— including by Chinese think- General Manager Sales: Rajeev Chugh siles with off axis bore sight capability. The Indian Army for UAV missile simulator tanks, that the Agni-V’s range could be in SP’s Website pilot can engage the target using the helmet The Indian Army is in the market for a mis- excess of 8,000 km. The Agni-V is likely to Sr. Web Developer: Shailendra P. Ashish mounted sight or with the electro-optical sion simulator to train UAV crews in oper- be tested once again this year before being Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma pod, while manoeuvring.” The HAL bro- ating IAI Heron and Searcher Mk.2 sur- officially handed over to the country’s Stra- Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal chure on the Rudra also adds, “State-of-the- veillance UAVs. The Army has stipulated tegic Forces Command, currently headed on behalf of SP Guide Publications Pvt art sensors complement this tremendous that the UAV mission simulator should be by Vice Admiral S.P.S. Cheema. As far as Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this firepower. Gyro-stabilised electro-optical capable of conducting initial and refresher the Agni-V is concerned; future technolo- publication may be reproduced, stored in a sensors work on both visual and IR spec- training of external pilot, internal pilot, gies will include multiple independent re- retrieval system, or transmitted in any form trum. Any type of target will be picked up mission commander and observer with a entry vehicles (MIRVs) and an improved or by any means, photocopying, recording, electronic, or otherwise without the prior and tracked at large distances, whether by separate console available to the instructor. navigation system. SP written permission of the publishers. day or by night. These targets can be handed The Army proposes to use the simulator for —SP’s Special Correspondent over to the guided missiles or attacked with simulation of single, air data relay (ADR) Printed in India by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd rockets and gun. The laser designator can mission scenario, maritime scenario, with or For complete versions log on to: © SP Guide Publications, 2013 designate the target for any compatible without satellite communication (SATCOM) www.spslandforces.net Annual Subscription Inland: `600 • Overseas: US$180 Email: [email protected] Letters to Editor Indian Military starts search for approval, the trucks will undergo compre- demonstration lasted for approximately 25 [email protected] Tatra truck alternatives hensive field trials and are also expected to minutes and successfully validated proven India’s armed forces are seeking alterna- be equipped with missiles systems in order unmanned capabilities available for integra- For Advertising Details, Contact: [email protected] tive vehicles to install missile systems in the to test their efficacy. tion into rotorcraft to support intelligence, [email protected] wake of an impending ban on the acquisi- surveillance and reconnaissance, resupply [email protected] tion of Tatra all-terrain trucks. It was heard Bangladesh Army inducts Eurocopter and other operations. SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD that military officials were analysing trucks AS365 N3+ Dauphin helicopters Corporate Office proposed by Russian and Belarusian com- Two Eurocopter-built AS365 N3+ Dauphin Selex’s Gabbiano T-20 radar flight A 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, panies, including Volat trucks manufac- multipurpose helicopters have formally tested on Hermes 450 UAS New Delhi 110 003, India tured by MZKT. A meeting was held recently entered service with the Bangladeshi Army Selex Galileo’s Gabbiano T-20 radar has suc- Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, with all stakeholders under Director Gen- during a ceremony at Station Headquarters cessfully demonstrated ground-mapping and 24620130 Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 eral (Acquisition) of the Ministry of Defence Dhaka Cantonment, in Dhaka, Bangladesh. target detection capabilities onboard an Elbit (MoD) to discuss the proposals. Upon Representing the first Eurocopter-built rotor- Systems’ Hermes 450 unmanned aircraft Regd Office Fax: +91 (11) 23622942 craft to join the country’s Army Aviation fleet, system (UAS). Conducted at an undisclosed Email: [email protected] the helicopters were delivered by Eurocopter location, the testing was designed to validate South East Asia (ESEA) for use during UN the radar’s high-resolution ground mapping, Representative Offices >> Show Calendar Bengaluru, INDIA humanitarian and VIP transport missions. with both strip and spot synthetic aperture Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey 5-8 February Ad hoc Army Aviation Group commander radar (SAR) modes, as well as ground moving 204, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kalyan Nagar, International Armoured Vehicles 2013 Brigadier General Abdullah Al Azhar said target indicator (GMTI) capabilities. Ground- Bangalore 560043, India. FIVE, Farnborough, UK the helicopters would significantly improve based moving targets were successfully Tel: +91 (80) 23682204 www.internationalarmouredvehicles.com the Army’s capabilities to actively participate detected by the radar at up to 40 nm, while MOSCOW, RUSSIA in peacekeeping missions worldwide. also delivering high quality digital images of LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin 25-27 February the terrain below, during the testing. Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., Military Radar Summit 2013 Boeing test flights unmanned little 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. Ronald Reagan Building, Washington, Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, DC, USA bird demonstrator aircraft BAE Phoenix networking radios Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 www.militaryradarsummit.com Boeing has conducted autonomous test validated by US Army flight of its unmanned little bird (ULB) dem- The US Army has validated the tactical net- www.spguidepublications.com www.spslandforces.net 18-20 March onstrator aircraft at the Republic of Korea working capabilities of BAE Systems-built Electronic Warfare 2013 Army’s (ROKA) Aviation School in Nonsan, Phoenix-2C networking radios during exer- RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25818 Washington, DC, USA South Korea. As a modified version of the cises recently concluded at Fort Huachuca www.electronicwarfaresummit.com MD 530F single-turbine helicopter, the ULB in Arizona, US. The radios were successful was tested to check affordability of integra- in doubling the Army’s mid-tier network 20-22 March tion of unmanned aircraft technology into requirement by facilitating communication Future Artillery 2013 the ROKA’s MD 500 helicopters to boost between soldiers over a 20-km range dur- Radisson Blu Portman, London, UK operational capabilities of the fleet. Sup- ing testing, which was conducted earlier www.future-artillery.com SP www.spslandforces.net ported by Korea Air Aerospace Division, the this month.

14 SP’s Land ForceS 1/2013 SRSAM SYSTEM TOR-M2KM WITH ITS MODULAR COMBAT AND SUPPORT VEHICLES

Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant KUPOL, JSC, being Due to modular design, the ICM can be slingloaded network or any mobile power plant generating volt- part of the ALMAZ-ANTEY Air Defense Concern, unveils beneath a helicopter MI-26T or its analogs. age of 220V 50Hz and power of not less than 80 kW. its new surface-to-air missile system Tor-M2KM, which Helicopter-transported ICM can be deployed in very Maintenance tools and spare parts for the SRSAM differs from the widely known SAM systems Tor-M2K hard-to-reach places, for example, in mountains and system are placed in the unified shelters which can be and Tor-M2E in a modular design of the combat and roofs of buildings. mounted on any trucks, semi-trailers and trailers. support vehicles. Tor-M2KM is the first system to fully meet air de- The maximum weight of the loaded ICM does not SRSAM system Tor-M2KM with its modular com- fence needs of the big cities (megalopolises). exceed 15 tons. bat and support vehicles is designed for air defence The combat crew is 2 men. of vital public facilities. It is very reliable and effective SRSAM system Tor-M2KM can successfully accom- against high maneuvering targets, guided and gliding plish AD missions both independently and as part of areal bombs, anti-radar and cruise missiles, UAVs, air- various AD units, and be integrated with Russian and craft and helicopters within the SRASAM engagement foreign AD systems. area day and night under adverse weather and coun- Over 50 years Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant termeasures environment. KUPOL, JSC has been manufacturing high quality Independent combat module (ICM) of the SRSAM surface-to-air missile systems. High technologies, system is an autonomous missile launcher which skilled personnel and many years’ experience in incorporates radar and optical facilities, special production and modernization of the military equip- equipment, surface-to-air missiles, primary and ment make the company successful in the foreign backup power supply sources and crew. A shelter and domestic markets. with unified mount adapters has been specially Through creation of air defense missile systems designed for the ICM, allowing its arrangement on for today’s and tomorrow’s army KUPOL company truck, semi-trailer, trailer or other platforms of ap- upholds its reputation as a Russian high-grade propriate load-carrying capacity. weapon manufacturer. The system is fitted with up-to-date computers and radars, making it possible to destroy four aerial targets simultaneously. Combat operation of the SRSAM system Tor-M2KM is fully automated, operator only needs to select a tar- get to hit from the list given by computer and then press Start button. Surface-to-air missile is guided to the selected target automatically, and SAM warhead blows up in a target impact point. The missile carries irregular shape fragmentations made of special tung- Air Defense Concern ALMAZ-ANTEY, JSC sten-nickel-iron alloy, providing high non-ricocheting 41 Vereyskaya str., 121471, Moscow penetrating efficiency of fragmentations. Radio fuse Tel.: (495) 276-29-65, fax: (495) 276-29-69 adaptation to the air target type along with special E-mail: [email protected] missile munitions make the system very effective against all types of targets. Independent combat module provides transporta- ICMs mounted on various platforms can significant- tion, storage and launch of four surface-to-air missiles. ly expand application range and scope of missions car- Transporter/loader module can be mounted on the ried out by the SRSAM system, besides modular design automobile chassis similar to the ICM chassis. results in substantial reduction of operational costs. ICM is fitted with power supply source ensuring its Being deployed on various platforms SRSAM system autonomous operation in any weather conditions irre- Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant KUPOL, JSC Tor-M2KM is capable of accomplishing AD missions of spective of the platform the ICM is placed on. The ICM 3 Pesochnaya str., 426033, Izhevsk Land Forces, Air Forces and Navy, protecting vital stra- has also a backup power source allowing ICM (if de- Tel.: (3412) 90-3211; fax: (3412) 72-6819 tegic military and civilian facilities against air attack. ployed without platform) to operate from commercial E-mail: [email protected] INDISPENSABLE

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