Seminar on Cultural Heritage

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Seminar on Cultural Heritage Vol 26. No. 66 Wednesday, October 16, 2019 Pages 8, Price 2.00 NFA PRESIDENT ISAIAS HOLDS TALKS WITH FOREIGN ANSEBA REGION: IMPLEMENTATION OF MINISTER OF SOUTH SUDAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS The Governor of Anseba region, as in the preservation of forests and Mr. Ali Mahmud, conducted a wildlife. meeting with residents of Habero sub-zone on the implementation As regards the problem of of development programs. At communication existing in the sub- the meeting, Mr. Ali Mahmud zone, Mr. Ali said that the problem underlined that village regrouping will be resolved in due time. He also has made significant contribution in called for reinforced contribution stabilizing the lives of residents, and in the conservation of cultural and called for reinforced contribution to historical heritage. that effect. The Administrator of the sub-zone, Mr. Ali Mahmud also called on the Mr. Fitwi Gebremeskel, on his part residents to strengthen organizational called on the residents to judicially capacity and conduct community use the social service provision based soil and water conservation institutions put in place and send activities, renovation of roads as well their children to school. President Isaias Afwerki centered on peace-building efforts that should be undertaken. received, at State House in the in South Sudan, its facilitation of afternoon hours of 11 October, the peace talks between the Sudanese President Isaias Afwerki Minister for Foreign Affairs and Government and opposition emphasized readiness to deepen the International Cooperation of the movements, and ties of cooperation historical ties between the peoples Republic of South Sudan, the Hon. between Eritrea and the Republic and Governments of Eritrea and Awut Deng Acuil. of South Sudan. South Sudan. Foreign Minister Awut Deng President Isaias and Foreign Acuil delivered a message from Minister Awut Deng Acuil further President Salva Kiir Mayardit to discussed on the implementation MR. YEMANE GEBREAB DELIVERS MESSAGE OF President Isaias Afwerki. of the regional cooperation and PRESIDENT ISAIAS TO SUDANESE LEADER integration of the Horn of African President Salva Kiir’s message countries as well as on the initiatives Presidential Adviser Mr. Yemane the implementation of the joint Isaias held discussion with various Gebreab on 13 October delivered agreement signed recently between Sudanese officials focusing on the message of President Isaias Afwerki the two countries. good neighborly and historic ties of to Lt. General Abdul Fattah Al- the peoples of Eritrea and Sudan and Burhan, Chairman of the Sudan’s It is to be recalled that President expressed determination to recoup Sovereign Council, in Khartoum. Isaias Aferki at an invitation of Lt. the lost opportunity and agreed to SEMINAR ON CULTURAL HERITAGE General Abdul Fattah Al-Burhan, promote economic, trade, political, The message of President Isaias conducted official working visit to diplomatic as well as security and The Northern Red Sea region Culture and Sport office organized focused on the development Sudan from 14 to 16 September this military cooperation. They also seminar on the conservation of cultural heritage in Nakfa sub-zone. of bilateral relation between year. agreed to work together for effective The seminar was attended by village elders, religious leaders as well Eritrea and the Sudan as well as In the course of his visit, President regional integration. as representatives of the residents and the youth. Speaking at the event, Ms. Zeineb Omar, Director General of Culture and Sports in the region, said that noteworthy activity is being taken to preserve cultural and historical heritage in the region and transfer them to posterity. Underlining that the preservation of cultural heritage demands devoted participation of residents, Ms. Zeineb called emphasized the need for reinforced public participation in organizing religious and cultural festivities so that they reflect the true culture of the society. Calling on the public, particularly the youth, to reinforce contribution in conservation of cultural heritage, Mr. Yohanes Gebreyesus, Head of Culture in the region, said that commendable effort is being made in the region to identify cultural heritage and document them. The participants on their part expressed readiness to play due part in the effort to preserve cultural heritage and transfer them to generations. They also called for the renovation of the historical trenches of the armed struggle in Sahel, with special focus on Nakfa. Eritrea Profile, Wednesday, October 16, 2019 Vol. 26 No. 66 2 á Tourist Sites of the Gash-Barka Region Compiled by a number of cottages, tombs and of these caves have a wide range The defensive fortress of Degiat colonial army from the Sudan. Habtom Tesfamichael mosques and other materials that of entrances, which helps in the Gurja contains residential areas, During this period, the commander reflect the life of the people back in chains of movement within them. command posts and a meeting of the fortress was Emmanuel Gash-Barka is the largest region the 17th century. While some of these caves get light room. The upper floor of Degiat XII and he was administering the in Eritrea by land mass. It has a from sun rays, some of them are Gurja’s two-story building is called area in cooperation with the local population of more than 800,000 Mount Aylet is located about 6 completely dark, making it difficult the Silk House. administrator, Deglel Jelani, who and borders Anseba region to km to the north-west of the town to move without the help of light. was also in charge of the town of the north, Sudan to the west and of Haikota. According to legends, The local people say that these Natural reservoir of Marieta Agordat. Ethiopia to the south. Gash-Baraka, the local people used the mountain caves can accommodate thousands which is well-suited for agricultural as a fortress to fight back invaders. of people at one time. There is a The Marieta natural reservoir, The fortress has residential and commercial ventures, has also a During the Ethiopian colonial place known as “Setebekaba” where which is located in the Shambuko houses, prison buildings, water potential to be a tourist attraction site times the place known as Darglieta, water can be stored for a rainy Sub-zone, is one of the tourist sites tanks, command posts and guarding with its rich cultural and historical which means the floor of the earth, season. There were water streams of the Gash Baraka region. The stations. There is also a round resources and land-scape. It is home was used to defend against the inside the caves and the traces are reservoir is located at 600 to 700 building constructed using cement, to almost all Eritrean ethnic groups. Haileslassie and Dergue military still visible today. meters from the semi-urban town but no one knows what it was offensives. of Shambuqo along the Grme-Elala used for. It was so well built that Since the tourism resource of this To the south of these caves there road. In summer the fish population the English army was not able to region is so abundant, in this issue A quarter of an hour walk from is a guarding post known as Dama, in the reservoir increases and the go through this fortress during we present you with some of the Darglieta there is a place known as built with large stones. If you rise on local people use this rare fish the World War II in their advance sites that are worth visiting. These towards Eritrea. They had to first include Mount Aylet which has crush the Italian defense line in natural and historical beauty, Degiat Tinqulhas. There is also an Italian Gurja Fortress which was used as a fortress near Barentu with no less defense line and residential area in historical significance than that of the 17th century, the ancient Marieta Agordat. natural water reservoir located along the Gash River, Italian Mount Adal fortresses near Agordat, Mount Adal (where the Eritrean struggle Mount Adal, where Hamid Idris for independence started) and the Awate and his comrades shot the first unique wild life of the region. bullets that marked the beginning of the independence struggle, is one of Mount Aylet the most famous historical places in modern Eritrean history. This is a place where the local people defeated a Dervish invading This is found 50 km to the north of army that greatly outnumbered Gogne. Mount Adal, surrounded by them. The mountain is home to a series of mountains, is a strategic and convenient place for military confrontations. Elephant Corridor Tingalieka, which means “a high top of these building, you can see the resource in the region, especially Located on the border between floor”, about 6 times of the area of ​​ Gash River plains -- Hademdemi, from October to January. The people Eritrea and Ethiopia, the Setit Published Every Derglieta. In Tingalieka there are Tigirega, Kerekebt and Haikota say that the fish species that in the River is expected to be an attractive Published Every different monuments, including plains. At the bottom of the guarding reservoir are big in size. In winter a location for local and foreign tourists SaturdayPublished & Wednesday Every more than 50 ancient graves. posts, there is a residential place of vast amount of the reservoir’s water in the future due to its year-round Wednesday & Saturday Saturday & Wednesday According to the people of Aylet, the the leader of the people. In both evaporates and is filled with grass water flow and its rich wildlife and graves have very well constructed places, Tingalieka and Darglieta, for the rest of the year till summer forest resources. There is an elephant Acting Editor stairs. Each grave belongs to one t h e r e a r e s l a t e s t o n e u t e n s i l s a n d comes.
Recommended publications
  • Country, Capital, Currency
    List of all Countries, Capitals & Currencies of the World Country Capital Currency Afghanistan Kabul Afghan afghani Albania Tirana Albanian lek Algeria Agiers Algerian dinar Andorra Andorra la Vella Euro Angola Luanda Kwanza Antigua and Barbuda St. John’s East Caribbean dollar Argentina Buenos Aires Argentine peso Armenia Yerevan Armenian dram Australia Canberra Australian dollar Austria Vienna Euro Azerbaijan Baku Azerbaijani manat Bahamas Nassau Bahamian dollar Bahrain Manama Bahraini dinar Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladeshi taka Barbados Bridgetown Barbadian dollar Belarus Minsk Belarusian ruble Belgium Brussels Euro Belize Belmopan Belize dollar Benin Porto-Novo (official) West African CFA franc Bhutan Thimpu Bhutanese ngultrum Bolivia Sucre Bolivian boliviano Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark Botswana Gaborone Pula Brazil Brasília Brazilian real Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei dollar Bulgaria Sofia Bulgarian lev Burkina Faso Ouagadougou West African CFA franc Burundi Bujumbura Burundian franc Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodian riel Cameroon Yaoundé Central African CFA franc Canada Ottawa Canadian dollar Cape Verde Praia Cape Verdean escudo Central African Republic Bangui Central African CFA franc Chad N’Djamena Central African CFA franc Chile Santiago Chilean peso China Beijing Chinese Yuan Renminbi Colombia Bogotá Colombian peso Comoros Moroni Comorian franc Costa Rica San José Costa Rican colon Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Yamoussoukro (official),Abidjan West African CFA franc (seat of government) Croatia
    [Show full text]
  • Country Codes and Currency Codes in Research Datasets Technical Report 2020-01
    Country codes and currency codes in research datasets Technical Report 2020-01 Technical Report: version 1 Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Data and Service Centre Harald Stahl Deutsche Bundesbank Research Data and Service Centre 2 Abstract We describe the country and currency codes provided in research datasets. Keywords: country, currency, iso-3166, iso-4217 Technical Report: version 1 DOI: 10.12757/BBk.CountryCodes.01.01 Citation: Stahl, H. (2020). Country codes and currency codes in research datasets: Technical Report 2020-01 – Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Data and Service Centre. 3 Contents Special cases ......................................... 4 1 Appendix: Alpha code .................................. 6 1.1 Countries sorted by code . 6 1.2 Countries sorted by description . 11 1.3 Currencies sorted by code . 17 1.4 Currencies sorted by descriptio . 23 2 Appendix: previous numeric code ............................ 30 2.1 Countries numeric by code . 30 2.2 Countries by description . 35 Deutsche Bundesbank Research Data and Service Centre 4 Special cases From 2020 on research datasets shall provide ISO-3166 two-letter code. However, there are addi- tional codes beginning with ‘X’ that are requested by the European Commission for some statistics and the breakdown of countries may vary between datasets. For bank related data it is import- ant to have separate data for Guernsey, Jersey and Isle of Man, whereas researchers of the real economy have an interest in small territories like Ceuta and Melilla that are not always covered by ISO-3166. Countries that are treated differently in different statistics are described below. These are – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – France – Spain – Former Yugoslavia – Serbia United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Scheme Alpha 3 Alpha 2 Currency Albania MC / VI ALB AL
    Country Scheme Alpha 3 Alpha 2 Currency Albania MC / VI ALB AL Lek Algeria MC / VI DZA DZ Algerian dinar Argentina MC / VI ARG AR Argentine peso Australia MC / VI AUS AU Australian dollar -Christmas Is. -Cocos (Keeling) Is. -Heard and McDonald Is. -Kiribati -Nauru -Norfolk Is. -Tuvalu Christmas Island MC CXR CX Australian dollar Cocos (Keeling) Islands MC CCK CC Australian dollar Heard and McDonald Islands MC HMD HM Australian dollar Kiribati MC KIR KI Australian dollar Nauru MC NRU NR Australian dollar Norfolk Island MC NFK NF Australian dollar Tuvalu MC TUV TV Australian dollar Bahamas MC / VI BHS BS Bahamian dollar Bahrain MC / VI BHR BH Bahraini dinar Bangladesh MC / VI BGD BD Taka Armenia VI ARM AM Armenian Dram Barbados MC / VI BRB BB Barbados dollar Bermuda MC / VI BMU BM Bermudian dollar Bolivia, MC / VI BOL BO Boliviano Plurinational State of Botswana MC / VI BWA BW Pula Belize MC / VI BLZ BZ Belize dollar Solomon Islands MC / VI SLB SB Solomon Islands dollar Brunei Darussalam MC / VI BRN BN Brunei dollar Myanmar MC / VI MMR MM Myanmar kyat (effective 1 November 2012) Burundi MC / VI BDI BI Burundi franc Cambodia MC / VI KHM KH Riel Canada MC / VI CAN CA Canadian dollar Cape Verde MC / VI CPV CV Cape Verde escudo Cayman Islands MC / VI CYM KY Cayman Islands dollar Sri Lanka MC / VI LKA LK Sri Lanka rupee Chile MC / VI CHL CL Chilean peso China VI CHN CN Colombia MC / VI COL CO Colombian peso Comoros MC / VI COM KM Comoro franc Costa Rica MC / VI CRI CR Costa Rican colony Croatia MC / VI HRV HR Kuna Cuba VI Czech Republic MC / VI CZE CZ Koruna Denmark MC / VI DNK DK Danish krone Faeroe Is.
    [Show full text]
  • International Currency Codes
    Country Capital Currency Name Code Afghanistan Kabul Afghanistan Afghani AFN Albania Tirana Albanian Lek ALL Algeria Algiers Algerian Dinar DZD American Samoa Pago Pago US Dollar USD Andorra Andorra Euro EUR Angola Luanda Angolan Kwanza AOA Anguilla The Valley East Caribbean Dollar XCD Antarctica None East Caribbean Dollar XCD Antigua and Barbuda St. Johns East Caribbean Dollar XCD Argentina Buenos Aires Argentine Peso ARS Armenia Yerevan Armenian Dram AMD Aruba Oranjestad Aruban Guilder AWG Australia Canberra Australian Dollar AUD Austria Vienna Euro EUR Azerbaijan Baku Azerbaijan New Manat AZN Bahamas Nassau Bahamian Dollar BSD Bahrain Al-Manamah Bahraini Dinar BHD Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladeshi Taka BDT Barbados Bridgetown Barbados Dollar BBD Belarus Minsk Belarussian Ruble BYR Belgium Brussels Euro EUR Belize Belmopan Belize Dollar BZD Benin Porto-Novo CFA Franc BCEAO XOF Bermuda Hamilton Bermudian Dollar BMD Bhutan Thimphu Bhutan Ngultrum BTN Bolivia La Paz Boliviano BOB Bosnia-Herzegovina Sarajevo Marka BAM Botswana Gaborone Botswana Pula BWP Bouvet Island None Norwegian Krone NOK Brazil Brasilia Brazilian Real BRL British Indian Ocean Territory None US Dollar USD Bandar Seri Brunei Darussalam Begawan Brunei Dollar BND Bulgaria Sofia Bulgarian Lev BGN Burkina Faso Ouagadougou CFA Franc BCEAO XOF Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Franc BIF Cambodia Phnom Penh Kampuchean Riel KHR Cameroon Yaounde CFA Franc BEAC XAF Canada Ottawa Canadian Dollar CAD Cape Verde Praia Cape Verde Escudo CVE Cayman Islands Georgetown Cayman Islands Dollar KYD _____________________________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • List of Currencies of All Countries
    The CSS Point List Of Currencies Of All Countries Country Currency ISO-4217 A Afghanistan Afghan afghani AFN Albania Albanian lek ALL Algeria Algerian dinar DZD Andorra European euro EUR Angola Angolan kwanza AOA Anguilla East Caribbean dollar XCD Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean dollar XCD Argentina Argentine peso ARS Armenia Armenian dram AMD Aruba Aruban florin AWG Australia Australian dollar AUD Austria European euro EUR Azerbaijan Azerbaijani manat AZN B Bahamas Bahamian dollar BSD Bahrain Bahraini dinar BHD Bangladesh Bangladeshi taka BDT Barbados Barbadian dollar BBD Belarus Belarusian ruble BYR Belgium European euro EUR Belize Belize dollar BZD Benin West African CFA franc XOF Bhutan Bhutanese ngultrum BTN Bolivia Bolivian boliviano BOB Bosnia-Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina konvertibilna marka BAM Botswana Botswana pula BWP 1 www.thecsspoint.com www.facebook.com/thecsspointOfficial The CSS Point Brazil Brazilian real BRL Brunei Brunei dollar BND Bulgaria Bulgarian lev BGN Burkina Faso West African CFA franc XOF Burundi Burundi franc BIF C Cambodia Cambodian riel KHR Cameroon Central African CFA franc XAF Canada Canadian dollar CAD Cape Verde Cape Verdean escudo CVE Cayman Islands Cayman Islands dollar KYD Central African Republic Central African CFA franc XAF Chad Central African CFA franc XAF Chile Chilean peso CLP China Chinese renminbi CNY Colombia Colombian peso COP Comoros Comorian franc KMF Congo Central African CFA franc XAF Congo, Democratic Republic Congolese franc CDF Costa Rica Costa Rican colon CRC Côte d'Ivoire West African CFA franc XOF Croatia Croatian kuna HRK Cuba Cuban peso CUC Cyprus European euro EUR Czech Republic Czech koruna CZK D Denmark Danish krone DKK Djibouti Djiboutian franc DJF Dominica East Caribbean dollar XCD 2 www.thecsspoint.com www.facebook.com/thecsspointOfficial The CSS Point Dominican Republic Dominican peso DOP E East Timor uses the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Currencies That Are Not on KB´S Exchange Rate
    LIST OF CURRENCIES THAT ARE NOT ON KB'S EXCHANGE RATE , BUT INTERNATIONAL PAYMENTS IN THESE CURRENCIES CAN BE MADE UNDER SPECIFIC CONDITIONS ISO code Currency Country in which the currency is used AED United Arab Emirates Dirham United Arab Emirates ALL Albanian Lek Albania AMD Armenian Dram Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh ANG Netherlands Antillean Guilder Curacao, Sint Maarten AOA Angolan Kwanza Angola ARS Argentine Peso Argentine BAM Bosnia and Herzegovina Convertible Mark Bosnia and Herzegovina BBD Barbados Dollar Barbados BDT Bangladeshi Taka Bangladesh BHD Bahraini Dinar Bahrain BIF Burundian Franc Burundi BOB Boliviano Bolivia BRL Brazilian Real Brazil BSD Bahamian Dollar Bahamas BWP Botswana Pula Botswana BYR Belarusian Ruble Belarus BZD Belize Dollar Belize CDF Congolese Franc Democratic Republic of the Congo CLP Chilean Peso Chile COP Colombian Peso Columbia CRC Costa Rican Colon Costa Rica CVE Cape Verde Escudo Cape Verde DJF Djiboutian Franc Djibouti DOP Dominican Peso Dominican Republic DZD Algerian Dinar Algeria EGP Egyptian Pound Egypt ERN Eritrean Nakfa Eritrea ETB Ethiopian Birr Ethiopia FJD Fiji Dollar Fiji GEL Georgian Lari Georgia GHS Ghanaian Cedi Ghana GIP Gibraltar Pound Gibraltar GMD Gambian Dalasi Gambia GNF Guinean Franc Guinea GTQ Guatemalan Quetzal Guatemala GYD Guyanese Dollar Guyana HKD Hong Kong Dollar Hong Kong HNL Honduran Lempira Honduras HTG Haitian Gourde Haiti IDR Indonesian Rupiah Indonesia ILS Israeli New Shekel Israel INR Indian Rupee India, Bhutan IQD Iraqi Dinar Iraq ISK Icelandic Króna Iceland JMD Jamaican
    [Show full text]
  • They Are Making Us Into Slaves, Not Educating Us” How Indefinite Conscription Restricts Young People’S Rights, Access to Education in Eritrea
    HUMAN “They Are Making Us into Slaves, RIGHTS Not Educating Us” WATCH How Indefinite Conscription Restricts Young People’s Rights, Access to Education in Eritrea “They Are Making Us into Slaves, Not Educating Us” How Indefinite Conscription Restricts Young People’s Rights, Access to Education in Eritrea Copyright © 2019 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-37526 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org AUGUST 2019 ISBN: 978-1-6231-37526 “They Are Making Us into Slaves, Not Educating Us” How Indefinite Conscription Restricts Young People’s Rights, Access to Education in Eritrea Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 “Sawa” as a Recruitment Channel .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Inter-State War in the Post-Cold War Era: Eritrea-Ethiopia (1998-2000)
    LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE An Inter-state War in the Post-Cold War Era: Eritrea-Ethiopia (1998-2000) Alexandra Magnolia Dias A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations 2008 UMI Number: U501303 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U501303 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 v \& & > F 'SZV* AUTHOR DECLARATION I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Alexandra Magnolia Dias The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without prior consent of the author. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I understand that in the event of my thesis not being approved by the examiners, this declaration will become void.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Pack Eritrea
    INFORMATION PACK ERITREA May 2016 Europe External Policy Advisors 115, rue Stevin 1000 Brussels TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents Main points of attention 1. EU aid to Eritrea 2. National Service in Eritrea 3. Financial and currency controls 4. Shoot-kill policies at the borders 5. Broken promises Resources List of articles Page 2 MAIN POINTS OF ATTENTION 1. EU aid to Eritrea ● €200 million allocated for renewable energy and governance ● Deal: Eritrea limits the National Service to 18 months ● The European Parliament did not approve it ● Many Eritreans and (diaspora) organisations opposed to it 2. National Service in Eritrea ● The slavery-like condition of the National Service ● Unlimited National Service ● Very low salary and no opportunity to escape from it 3. Financial and currency controls ● No national budget ● Total lack of transparency surrounding the aid to Eritrea, as there is no national budget nor any independent way of reviewing the implementation of the aid 4. Shoot-kill policies at the borders ● Ongoing shoot-to-kill policy makes it dangerous to pass the borders but it does not prevent 5.000 Eritreans from fleeing the country each month. 5. Broken promises ● Eritrea had made promises to the EU that it would shorten the National Service to 18 months, but the Eritrean government officials have announced that Eritrea will continue its policies of indefinite military conscription. ● Eritrea promised to increase the small allowance for conscripts with 700%, but at the same time the government tightly controls the currency. Page 3 RESOURCES Attempts to cooperate with Eritrea 1. National Indicative Programme (NIP) (DG DEVCO, January 2016) 2.
    [Show full text]
  • AGI Markets Monitor: OPEC Reaches Oil Deal, Mozambique Defaults, and Nigeria Manages Its Exchange Rate February 2017 Update
    AGI Markets Monitor: OPEC reaches oil deal, Mozambique defaults, and Nigeria manages its exchange rate February 2017 update The Africa Growth Initiative (AGI) Markets Monitor aims to provide up-to-date financial market and foreign exchange analysis for Africa watchers with a wide range of economic, business, and financial interests in the continent. Following the 2016 updates, the February 2017 update continues tracking the diverse performances of African financial and foreign exchange markets through the end of 2016. We offer our main findings on key recent events influencing the region’s economies: OPEC’s deal on crude oil output, Mozambique’s bond payment default, and Nigeria’s support of the naira. Rise in fuel and metal prices boosted commodity prices in 2016 In 2016, commodity prices rose by 38.1 percent, according to the IMF’s all commodity price index data. The main drivers of the index’s growth were increasing fuel and metal prices, which grew by 66.1 percent and 35.8 percent, respectively, over the period. Oil prices generally climbed throughout the year, from $29.92 per barrel in January 2016 to $52.61 per barrel in December 2016. For oil-exporting countries that saw their fiscal balances deteriorate during the price slump in 2014 and 2015 (e.g., Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Gabon, Nigeria, and the Republic of the Congo) the gradual rise in oil prices could provide a modest boost to government revenues as they seek to diversify and acquire more reliable sources of fiscal revenue. On November 30, 2016, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) reached a deal to cut its members’ crude oil output by 1.2 million barrels per day (mbd) to 32.5 million mbd starting in January 2017 for six months (with the possibility for extension).
    [Show full text]
  • Eritrea, September 2005
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Eritrea, September 2005 COUNTRY PROFILE: ERITREA September 2005 Formal Name: State of Eritrea (Hagere Ertra). Short Form: Eritrea (Ertra). Term for Citizen(s): Eritrean(s). Capital: Asmara (alternate spelling Asmera). Major Cities: Asmara, Keren, Assab, Massawa, Afabet, Teseney, Mendefera, Dekemhare, Adekeieh, Barentu, and Ghinda (according to decreasing size, 2005 estimates). Independence: Eritrea officially celebrated its independence from Ethiopia on May 24, 1993. Public Holidays: Eritrea observes the following public holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1), Independence Day (May 24), Martyrs’ Day (June 20), Anniversary of the Start of Armed Struggle (September 1), and Christmas Day (December 25). The following holidays with movable dates determined by the Islamic or Orthodox calendar are celebrated as well: Eid al Fitr, Eid al Adha, Epiphany, and Easter. Flag: Eritrea’s flag is a rectangle divided into three triangles: a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side, and a green upper and blue lower right triangle. A gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the Click to Enlarge Image hoist side of the red triangle. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Colonial Era: Until the late nineteenth century, the high plateau of present-day Eritrea was a part of the Ethiopian province of Tigray. Its inhabitants, racially, culturally, and linguistically Tigrayan, were subjects of the Ethiopian crown, whereas the surrounding lowlanders were for the most part independent. The boundaries of modern Eritrea were established during the period of Italian colonization that began in the late 1800s. An Italian shipping company, Rubatinno Shipping, purchased the port of Assab from a local ruler.
    [Show full text]
  • All Countries and Their Currency Names List
    List of all Countries and Currencies of the World in 2020 Country Currency Afghanistan Afghan afghani Albania Albanian lek Algeria Algerian dinar Andorra Euro Angola Kwanza Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean dollar Argentina Argentine peso Armenia Armenian dram Australia Australian dollar Austria Euro Azerbaijan Azerbaijani manat Bahamas Bahamian dollar Bahrain Bahraini dinar Bangladesh Bangladeshi taka Barbados Barbadian dollar Belarus Belarusian ruble Belgium Euro Belize Belize dollar Benin West African CFA franc Bhutan Bhutanese ngultrum Bolivia Bolivian boliviano Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark Botswana Pula Brazil Brazilian real Brunei Brunei dollar Bulgaria Bulgarian lev Burkina Faso West African CFA franc Burundi Burundian franc Cambodia Cambodian riel Cameroon Central African CFA franc Canada Canadian dollar Cape Verde Cape Verdean escudo Central African Republic Central African CFA franc Chad Central African CFA franc Chile Chilean peso China Chinese Yuan Renminbi Colombia Colombian peso Comoros Comorian franc Costa Rica Costa Rican colon Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) West African CFA franc Croatia Croatian kuna Cuba Cuban peso Cyprus Euro Czechia Czech koruna Democratic Republic of the Congo Congolese franc Denmark Danish krone Djibouti Djiboutian franc Dominica East Caribbean dollar Dominican Republic Dominican peso Ecuador United States dollar Egypt Egyptian pound El Salvador United States dollar Equatorial Guinea Central African CFA franc Eritrea Eritrean nakfa Estonia Euro Ethiopia Ethiopian
    [Show full text]