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Village Head Elections in Lamahala Village of Adonara in East Flores

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Village Head Elections in Lamahala Village of Adonara in East Flores Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7 , Issue 9, 2020 A REVIEW OF THE DEMOCRATIC ASPECTS IN A CULTURAL ELECTION SYSTEM: VILLAGE HEAD ELECTIONS IN LAMAHALA VILLAGE OF ADONARA IN EAST FLORES Djainuddin Maggasingang Universitas Islam Makassar, Email: [email protected] Received: 22.03.2020 Revised: 22.04.2020 Accepted: 23.05.2020 Abstract The formation of village governance aims to provide the authority to regulate and manage the village community's interests based on the right of origin and characteristics of the area. The village government has a very strategic role in empowering the grass-root communities to develop themselves following the values that keep changing. The objectives of this study are to examine the democratic system in the election of the head of Lamahala village in Adonara sub-district, East Flores regency, to understand the theoretical relevance and legislation in village head elections according to the cultural law of Lamahala village. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. According to customary systems and their relevance to prevailing theories and legislation, data and facts are sourced from studies related to the phenomenon of village head elections in Lamahala village. The selected informants consist of; customary leaders, officials, and village heads. Data collection techniques were conducted purposively, predominantly using observations and interviews with key informants. The data was analyzed using an interactive model through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, verification, and concluding. The results of the research indicate the following: Lamahala Village Government in Adonara Sub-district East Flores regency adheres to the system of customary law following the democratic pillar of Trias Politika or the division of power; Village head elections in Lamahala are in line with the basic principles of a democratic system; and the electoral Indonesian Government Regulation No.47 of 2015 on village head elections right from its preparatory stage to the final step. Keywords: village head elections, cultural election system, democratic village systems, and democracy © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.09.190 INTRODUCTION Indonesia is a democratic country, and it embraces the in the constitution; article 18 paragraph (2) which states that democratic values of governance whereby power is from the “Provinces, regencies, cities and their areas according to the people, the people, and the people. In other words, for principle of deconcentration, decentralization (Kansil and Indonesia, democracy is not only a method of election by the Christine, 2008). Based on the legal basis of regional autonomy, majority, but it is a cooperation aspect that promotes local the local government has the right to regulate all government values of a democratic state containing values of self- affairs. This includes the election of village heads as regulated in dependence, pluralism, self-reliance and independent thinking Law No.6 of 2014 on ‘village autonomy.' (Djunaedi, 2020) of its people in choosing a leader. The village head's conceptual election is closely related to the In a democratic government system, the power lies in the hands effort to create an autonomous village government, creating a of the people (Lemhanas RI, 2017). In line with the Constitution democratic village governance system to realize the welfare of the Republic (MENA Report, 2017) of Indonesia of 1945 improvement of the village community. Village autonomy gives article 1 paragraph (2), the sovereignty of the people is in the meaning to the village's right to manage its household (Widjaya, hands of the people. The main characteristic of a democratic 2003). However, the implementation of village autonomy government is the involvement of the citizens (people) in should be in the corridor of values of responsibility to political decision making both directly and indirectly through Indonesia's unitary state (Widjaya, 2003). Municipal representatives. One key component of democratic governance governments shall regulate, regional independence as it is is general elections that determine the leadership that will carry stipulated in Law No.32 of 2014 on Regional Government out the governance and development tasks of a community. affirming the right and authority of regions to monitor and manage own government affairs based on the principle of The Indonesian central government through the regional autonomy. decentralization policy gives autonomy to its regional governments to regulate the affairs of its territory as stipulated The election of the village head is crucial in the implementation regardingelections of a village head for Lamahala village in of village autonomy. The village head develops essential Adonara district in East Flores Regency has relevant democratic functions and duties in governance at the village level. The theories and the applicable legislation. In specific, the author village is a legal community, a unit that has territorial sought to further examine the democratic system in the boundaries and is authorized to regulate and administer elections of the village head of Lamahala and to explore the government affairs, rights and interests of local communities theoretical relevance and legislation on village head elections based on community initiatives, rights of origin and traditional according to the adat law of Lamahala village. rights recognized and respected within the government system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (Law No .6 METHOD the Year 2014). Article 1 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 constitution The research uses a descriptive approach, where the researcher of the Republic of Indonesia, mentions that the state recognizes sought data and facts in the field related to the phenomenon of and respects the unity of indigenous and tribal peoples village head election in Lamahala village, according to the (CRI,2002). conventional system and its relevance to the theories of democracy and prevailing legislation. The selected informant In line with the legality of customary law within the state of the consisted of; adat stakeholders, local government officials, and Republic of Indonesia, this study is of specific focus on village heads. Data collection techniques were conducted democracy in the natural systems of village head elections. The purposively and predominantly by observations and interviews present study examines the customary system Journal of critical reviews 1033 A REVIEW OF THE DEMOCRATIC ASPECTS IN A CULTURAL ELECTION SYSTEM: VILLAGE HEAD ELECTIONS IN LAMAHALA VILLAGE OF ADONARA IN EAST FLORES with key informants (Widiyananda, 2016). The focus of the of Representatives to councils; research was to describe the democratic system's application in • Further discussed at the level of the high level jointly by the election of village leaders in Lamahala village, the the executive, legislature and judiciary; and theoretical relevance and legislation applicable to the election • In the plenary sessions, the proposal is first conveyed by of village leaders in Lamahala village. The data were analyzed the councils to the Bela Tello; the decision of the Bela Tello using the interactive model (Haryati, 2018) through the takes into consideration the views of the Pegawe Lima collection, reduction, presentation, verification, and concluding (board of concerns) who examine the proposal for any (Sugiyono, 2012). issues on aspects of religion and other elements and after that can take decisions that take the form of a royal choice. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Decision making in the customary law system in the Democratic System for Village Head Election of Lamahala village Lamahala is in line with the Quran in Surah Al- village in Adonara Sub-district, East Flores Regency Imran verse 159 which is by the interpretation that: (1) Democracy is the government of the people, by the people and Problems must be dealt with gently and through for the people. The above statement is in line with the views of consensus; (2) Prioritize deliberation and consensus in Haris Soche, as cited by Winarno (2008) notes that democracy settling an affair and (3) When an agreement has been is a system that shows the general policy determined based on reached, all parties must accept and put their trust in God. the majority of people's representatives who are effectively monitored by the people. The leadership election is conducted Village Head Elections in Lamahala village, Adonara periodically based on the principle of political equality, and its District, East Flores Regency. implementation is guaranteed political freedom. Thus, it can be The mechanism of village head election arranged by the stated that democracy is a people's government, hence the Lamahala adat institution is divided into several stages as power of government inherent in the people. Democracy is a follows: government (Nigerian Scholar, 2018) that is caught in the sovereignty of the people. A democratic system has the Preparation Stage. following characteristics: (1) Open political participation; (2) At this stage, the Bela Tello party, the tribe responsible for the Political competition, (3) Substitution of power is maintained village administration, conducts deliberations to form a team and managed regularly through the electoral process, (4) whose membership comes from Kapitan
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