DOCSLIB.ORG

Download 2006 Annual Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download 2006 Annual Review TA B L E OF CONTENTS FOREWORD BY DANIEL KARRENBERG OUR VISION CHAIR , BOARD OF TRUSTEES 1 From its inception the mission FOREWORD BY LYNN ST . AMOUR of the Internet Society has been PRESIDENT AND CEO 2 to promote the open develop- ment, evolution, and use of the ISOC IN 2006 Internet for the benefit of all A YEAR OF GROWTH , INFLUENCE , AND LEADERSHIP 3 people throughout the world. WHAT IS THE INTERNET SOCIETY ? 7 We believe the standards, tech- nologies, business practices, and RELATED ORGANISATIONS government and community- IETF AND PIR 9 driven policies connected with the Internet must sustain an open, MEMBERS , CHAPTERS , AND PARTNERS universally accessible platform GLOBAL PRESENCE , LOCAL STRENGTH 10 for innovation, creativity, and economic opportunity. In this PLANS FOR THE FUTURE way, the Internet can improve GROWTH , REFINEMENT , AND ONGOING IMPROVEMENT 16 the quality of life for people in all parts of the world. FOR MORE INFORMATION 17 Complementing its vision of the future is the Internet Society’s FINANCIAL REPORT 18 vision of its role in creating that future: As the hub of a global NOTES ON FINANCIAL INFORMATION 20 network of individuals and organisations, the Internet Society is an effective advocate for the core values of an open and accessible Internet. Copyright © Internet Society 2007. All rights reserved. FOREWORD FOREWORD BY DANIEL KARRENBERG , CHAIR , BOARD OF TRUSTEES In countless ways, 2006 was sible to engineers worldwide and and its partners worked diligently a turning point, both for ISOC and to make the work of the IETF more to increase Internet education and Ifor the Internet community at large. transparent to those not directly training in all regions of the world. Two notable events bracketed the involved in its work. Last, but not least, I am pleased to year: In January, the world’s premier report that the Internet Society is By naming Internet users Person of Internet standards-making body in good financial health. Our chal- the Year, Time magazine expressed celebrated its 20th anniversary and, lenge for the coming years will be to what the Internet Society has known in December, Time magazine—with make the best use of our resources since it began: Those who are its global audience of 27 million— to meet diverse and sometimes committed to keeping the Internet named the Internet users of the competing needs. free of constraint, open, and acces- world its 2006 Person of the Year. Daniel Karrenberg sible are shaping the future. ISOC There are many more accomplish- ments, some of which you will read The significance of the IETF anni- is doing its share by supporting a about in the pages of this annual versary is impossible to overstate. growing number of local Chapters Throughout 2006, the Internet report. Ultimately, however, it is the The Internet Engineering Task Force and Individual Members to do use- Society and its partners increased effort and work of all of us that (IETF) continues to make a signifi- ful work in the development of the made 2006 our most successful year Internet education and training cant contribution to the success of Internet. In 2007 we will improve the Internet as we know it today. yet. We look forward to even greater internationally while fostering our support for Chapters and we In 20 years, the IETF has not strayed success in 2007 and beyond. To all will work toward a renewed basis Internet growth locally. from its belief in the power of build- who helped to make the Internet for our common efforts. We will ing consensus or from its fierce Society stronger and more influential also continue our close relationship commitment to an open process than ever before, thank you! with ISOC’s Organisation Members for standards development. Since through the Advisory Council. its inception, those values have informed the vision of the Internet Throughout 2006, the Internet Society. As the organisational home Society played an important role of the IETF, ISOC made considerable in the direction of Internet policy strides in 2006 to consolidate the and governance through participa- administrative support for the IETF. tion in international bodies, such as In 2007, we will continue our efforts the Internet Governance Forum. In to make the IETF even more acces- addition, the organization, its staff, 1 INTERNET SOCIETY 2 0 0 6 ANNUAL REPORT FOREWORD BY LY N N ST . AMOUR , PRESIDENT AND CEO It is my pleasure to report that Africa—as part of its efforts to sup- Domain Name System transition and gained considerable momentum in all programme areas, 2006 was port, amplify, and enhance all of our the U.S. Department of Commerce– and the future promises to be even Ia year of considerable progress activities at the local level. A second Internet Corporation for Assigned more exciting. We look forward to and achievement for the Internet bureau was launched in early 2007 Names and Numbers (ICANN) mem- working with our Individual and Society. With the addition of several in Latin America and the Caribbean. orandum of understanding. Organisation Members, Chapters, new staff members, ISOC was able In addition, a number of INET work- and partners to meet these chal- Finally, ISOC was able to provide to significantly increase our educa- shops, Network Operating Group lenges, to grow ISOC, and to help additional assistance to the IETF tion and training activities, Member (NOG) events, and ccTLD workshops ensure the Internet is for everyone. through greater support of its and Chapter support, and public were held in developing countries Thank you for your support and administrative activities and other policy efforts, while also increasing with the support and participation encouragement. I look forward to contributions. As part of its efforts Lynn St. Amour our level of support to the Internet of many of our Chapters. working with all of you to make the to make the benefits of IETF partici- Engineering Task Force (IETF). Internet Society even stronger in ISOC continued to assert its leader- pation available to a wider audience, We look forward the years to come. Measuring the progress we’ve made ship on the international stage in and to increase participation in the to establishing new priorities in 2006 isn’t difficult. Most notably, 2006, lending its voice to a wide open development of standards, to meet the needs of an ISOC has made considerable strides range of discussions on Internet ISOC launched its Fellowship to the in advancing our worldwide network policy and governance issues. In ever-growing and changing IETF programme, which places and of Chapters. ISOC Chapters work particular, ISOC participated in the mentors Internet technologists from Internet community. on the local level to energize the Internet Governance Forum, which developing nations at IETF meetings Internet community and to promote follows the World Summit on the they would otherwise be unable to the proliferation and integration of Information Society, and staff attend. In 2006, individuals from Internet technologies in all areas of members were actively engaged in countries including Fiji, Kenya, society. Chapters influence local and a number of related activities, Mexico, Somoa, and Togo partici- regional policy and they help ensure consultations, and international pated in the programme. that a new generation of technolo- conferences. I am proud to report gists and end users has access to that ISOC’s role in these various As ISOC’s successes, resources, and the tools and information they need forums earned us considerable leadership continue to grow, we to succeed. With that in mind, I am recognition and respect. The look forward to meeting the new especially pleased to announce that organisation’s leadership was further priorities of an ever-growing and in 2006, ISOC successfully launched reinforced through its contributions changing Internet community. Our its first Regional Bureau—in to discussions on the future of the influence and our potential have 2 ISOC IN 2 0 0 6 ISOC IN 2006 A YEAR OF GROWTH , INFLUENCE , AND LEADERSHIP From staff resources to global policy, ISOC president and CEO set and the organisation’s leader- fellowship programme of AfriNIC–5 recognition, 2006 was a year of Lynn St. Amour was named to the ship, including Secretary General, made it possible for many more growth, influence, and leadership. Strategy Council of the United elected. We also made substan- individuals to attend than would FDrawing on our roots as a leading Nations Global Alliance for ICT otherwise be possible. In fact, during tive submissions into the National force in Internet policy and educa- Policy and Development. The Telecommunications and Information 2006, ISOC provided support tion, ISOC has become a respected position will enable her to play a Administration Notice of Inquiry and to numerous network operator and mobilising presence among central role in shaping the policy and Public Hearing, as well as various meetings, including AfNOG, SANOG, technologists, educators, and policy development focus of that initiative. OECD activities. WALC, and PacNOG, all of which makers worldwide. In addition, ISOC’s director of public brought together network engineers (above) Preparations for AfNOG 2006 2006 was an important year for policy, Matthew Shears, joined the for tutorials and workshops on con- in Nairobi, Kenya ISOC’s educational initiatives, includ- ISOC ACHIEVEMENTS Advisory Group of the newly formed temporary technical, operational, ing the expansion of the regional INET ISOC’s achievements in 2006 add Internet Governance Forum (IGF), and policy issues. meetings. In May, INET Africa was up to more than just the sum of which represents major stakeholders With those accomplishments in held in Nairobi, Kenya, in conjunction In 2006, ISOC supported the IPv6 its parts. They speak to our desire within the Internet community.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • KAS MP SOE Redebeitrag AM En
    REPORT Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung MEDIA MONITORING LABORATORY February 2015 Media under their own momentum: www.fmd.bg The deficient will to change www.kas.de Foundation Media Democracy (FMD) and KAS. In summary, the main findings, by the Media Program South East Europe of areas of monitoring, include: the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) present the joint annual report on the MEDIA DISCOURSE state of the Bulgarian media environment in 2014. The study summarises the trends Among the most striking images in the coverage of socio-political constructed by Bulgarian media in 2014 was developments in the country. During the the presentation of patriotism as the monitored period dynamic processes sanctuary of identity. Among the most unfolded – European Parliament elections watched television events during the year and early elections to the National turned to be the Klitschko-Pulev boxing Assembly took place, three governments match. The event inflamed social networks, changed in the country’s governance. morning shows, commentary journalism. It was presented not simply as boxing, but as The unstable political situation has also an occasion for national euphoria. Such affected the media environment, in which a discourse fitted into the more general trend number of important problems have failed of nourishing patriotic passions which to find a solution. During the year, self- through the stadium language, but also regulation was virtually blocked. A vast through the media language, are easily majority of the media continued operating mobilised into street and political forms of at a loss. For many of them the problem symbolic and physical violence against with the ownership clarification remained others (Roma, refugees, the sexually and unresolved.
    [Show full text]
  • An Unsupervised Language Independent Method of Name Discrimination Using Second Order Co-Occurrence Features
    An Unsupervised Language Independent Method of Name Discrimination Using Second Order Co-Occurrence Features Ted Pedersen1, Anagha Kulkarni1, Roxana Angheluta2, Zornitsa Kozareva3, and Thamar Solorio4 1 University of Minnesota, Duluth, USA 2 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium 3 University of Alicante, Spain 4 University of Texas at El Paso, USA Abstract. Previous work by Pedersen, Purandare and Kulkarni (2005) has resulted in an unsupervised method of name discrimination that represents the context in which an ambiguous name occurs using second order co–occurrence features. These contexts are then clustered in order to identify which are associated with different underlying named entities. It also extracts descriptive and discriminating bigrams from each of the discovered clusters in order to serve as identifying labels. These methods have been shown to perform well with English text, although we believe them to be language independent since they rely on lexical features and use no syntactic features or external knowledge sources. In this paper we apply this methodology in exactly the same way to Bulgarian, English, Romanian, and Spanish corpora. We find that it attains discrimination accuracy that is consistently well above that of a majority classifier, thus providing support for the hypothesis that the method is language independent. 1 Introduction Purandare and Pedersen (e.g., [9], [10]) previously developed an unsupervised method of word sense discrimination that has also been applied to name discrim- ination by Pedersen, Purandare, and Kulkarni [8]. This method is characterized by a reliance on lexical features, and avoids the use of syntactic or other language dependent information. This is by design, since the method is intended to port easily and effectively to a range of languages.
    [Show full text]
  • European Parliament Elections 2019 - Forecast
    Briefing May 2019 European Parliament Elections 2019 - Forecast Austria – 18 MEPs Staff lead: Nick Dornheim PARTIES (EP group) Freedom Party of Austria The Greens – The Green Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP) (EPP) Social Democratic Party of Austria NEOS – The New (FPÖ) (Salvini’s Alliance) – Alternative (Greens/EFA) – 6 seats (SPÖ) (S&D) - 5 seats Austria (ALDE) 1 seat 5 seats 1 seat 1. Othmar Karas* Andreas Schieder Harald Vilimsky* Werner Kogler Claudia Gamon 2. Karoline Edtstadler Evelyn Regner* Georg Mayer* Sarah Wiener Karin Feldinger 3. Angelika Winzig Günther Sidl Petra Steger Monika Vana* Stefan Windberger 4. Simone Schmiedtbauer Bettina Vollath Roman Haider Thomas Waitz* Stefan Zotti 5. Lukas Mandl* Hannes Heide Vesna Schuster Olga Voglauer Nini Tsiklauri 6. Wolfram Pirchner Julia Elisabeth Herr Elisabeth Dieringer-Granza Thomas Schobesberger Johannes Margreiter 7. Christian Sagartz Christian Alexander Dax Josef Graf Teresa Reiter 8. Barbara Thaler Stefanie Mösl Maximilian Kurz Isak Schneider 9. Christian Zoll Luca Peter Marco Kaiser Andrea Kerbleder Peter Berry 10. Claudia Wolf-Schöffmann Theresa Muigg Karin Berger Julia Reichenhauser NB 1: Only the parties reaching the 4% electoral threshold are mentioned in the table. Likely to be elected Unlikely to be elected or *: Incumbent Member of the NB 2: 18 seats are allocated to Austria, same as in the previous election. and/or take seat to take seat, if elected European Parliament ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• www.eurocommerce.eu Belgium – 21 MEPs Staff lead: Stefania Moise PARTIES (EP group) DUTCH SPEAKING CONSITUENCY FRENCH SPEAKING CONSITUENCY GERMAN SPEAKING CONSTITUENCY 1. Geert Bourgeois 1. Paul Magnette 1. Pascal Arimont* 2. Assita Kanko 2. Maria Arena* 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Parliament Elections in Bulgaria Are Likely to Reinforce the Country's Political Stalemate Between Left and Right
    The European Parliament elections in Bulgaria are likely to reinforce the country’s political stalemate between left and right blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2014/04/14/the-european-parliament-elections-in-bulgaria-are-likely-to-reinforce- the-countrys-political-stalemate-between-left-and-right/ 14/04/2014 The Bulgarian government currently lacks a majority in the country’s national parliament, with the governing coalition counting on support from 120 out of 240 MPs. Kyril Drezov writes that the upcoming European elections will likely be fought on the basis of this domestic situation, with European issues playing only a minor role, and the majority of seats being distributed between the two largest parties: the Bulgarian Socialist Party and the Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria (GERB). European Parliament Elections are still fairly new for Bulgaria – the 2014 elections will be only the third since accession. Like previous EP elections in 2007 and 2009, their function is purely as a test for changes in national politics. The present election campaign is overwhelmingly dominated by domestic concerns and is notable for the absence of EU-related issues. As a leftover from the accession days, the European Union is still considered ‘a good thing’ in Bulgaria and does not generate much passion. There is consensus amongst Bulgarians that key European policies are shaped somewhere else, and that Sofia’s role is to adapt to these policies whatever shape they may take. The big traditional players in Bulgarian politics gravitate towards particular European party families – Socialist, Christian Democratic and Liberal – and in their election manifestoes mostly parrot whatever line these party families take on the big European issues.
    [Show full text]
  • By Stanimir Vaglenov
    By Stanimir Vaglenov “Will I have heat in my home, or will my family freeze this winter?” It seems funny to think about such an issue during the summer months, especially because I have dutifully paid my bills to Toplofikazia-Sofia, the company that delivers heat to the Bulgarian capital. During the past year, however, corruption scandals have rocked the energy company, which is owned by the Ministry of Economy and Energy and the Municipality of Sofia. The scandals began unraveling on July 5, 2006, when Toplofikazia-Sofia Executive Director Valentin Dimitrov was arrested on corruption charges. The previous day, a tax inspector, Alexander Angelov, was arrested in a cafe while carrying 135,000 levs (US$88,345) in bribe money. He faced charges that he requested a bribe of 1.5 million levs (US$1 million) from Sofia businessman Valentin Zahariev, former CEO of the Kremikovtsi steel factory, in exchange for a delay in the tax payments owed by the company. The inquiry into his case lasted only 14 days, after which, in January, the Sofia Municipality Court sentenced Angelov to two and a half years in prison. Dimitrov’s trial, however, is still ongoing. The energy company executive was arrested and charged with tax evasion and embezzlement after prosecutors found several bank accounts and deposit boxes containing 12 million levs (US$8.5 million) in Bulgaria and Austria. Meanwhile, the company he led teetered on the brink of bankruptcy. After serving 10 months and 17 days in custody, Dimitrov was set free by the Sofia City Court for a 20,000-lev (US$14,180) bail.
    [Show full text]
  • By Alexenia Dimitrova at 6:28 Am on July 3, 2008, Ivan
    By Alexenia Dimitrova At 6:28 a.m. on July 3, 2008, Ivan N., a Bulgarian small- business owner, was shaving. Suddenly, a loud crash came from the kitchen. In the distance, a powerful bomb had exploded. The detonation was so intense that it shattered Ivan’s kitchen window. Ivan’s frightened wife asked him: “What happened?” Thousands of pieces of broken glass lay on the balcony. Thick black smoke spread in the distance. Minutes later, more explosions were heard. “I am fed up,” Ivan recalls angrily thinking. “Who has not completed their work this time? What sort of country do we live in? We joined the European Union, but it seems we still live in the past.” In the recent months, not one week had passed without a scandal. A television newscast later explained that the likely cause of the explosions was misconduct in a military warehouse where old munitions were kept. “It was more or less the result of an improper job. The officials only think of what benefit could come from the power,” Ivan said, noting he was reminded of other recent scandals. Corruption in High Places On Feb. 1, 2008, Veselin Georgiev, the Director of the State Fund for Republican Road Infrastructure (Darzhaven Fond za Republikanska Patna Infrastructura — DFRPI) resigned. His resignation was most likely due to the public revelation in January that the company Binder, managed by Georgiev’s brother, had allegedly received work orders from DFRPI for 120 million leva (US$90.5 million). In fact, Georgiev was the manager of Binder until two years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Study 01 (January) 2005
    AN ISN-SPONSORED MONTHLY ELECTRONIC PERIODICAL INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, SOFIA BALKAN REGIONAL PROFILE: THE SECURITY SITUATION AND REGION- BUILDING IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE (January 2005) # 69 © Institute for Security and International Studies (ISIS), Sofia, 2004 ISSN 1311 – 3240 2 I. Introduction The second Bush administration took office in January. US policy towards the Balkan nations depends on the shifts in the White House, the Department of State, and the Pentagon. The Balkan countries taking part in the occupation of Iraq (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, and Romania) were uncomfortable with criticism of the war voiced by the presidential campaign of Senator John Kerry. The initial indicators of US policy under the old and new administration towards the Balkans and its individual countries have yet to be studied and analysed. ISIS expects that US Balkan policy will continue as it has for the past 15 years. What have the US president and his team said in this respect? First, the administration said in a policy statement in December 2002 that it would “create a balance of power that favors freedom”, according to a speech delivered by then-National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice.1 Diplomacy is designed to be the priority instrument in reaching this goal. Second, Washington will work to unite the community of democracies on the basis of shared values and the rule of law. Third, the fight against political violence movements and other security threats is another common denominator of the diplomatic efforts announced by the US. According to these statements, Washington will increase its reliance on allies and multilateral institutions in reaching its goals on the international arena.
    [Show full text]
  • Securing BGP with Bgpsec by Geoff Huston, APNIC and Randy Bush, IIJ
    June 2011 Volume 14, Number 2 A Quarterly Technical Publication for From The Editor Internet and Intranet Professionals The process of adding security to various components of Internet architecture reminds me a little bit of the extensive seismic retrofit- In This Issue ting that has been going on in California for decades. The process is slow, expensive, and occasionally intensified by a strong earthquake after which new lessons are learned. Over the past 13 years this jour- From the Editor ...................... 1 nal has carried many articles about network security enhancements: IP Security (IPSec), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Domain Name Securing BGP .......................... 2 System Security Extensions (DNSSEC), Wireless Network Security, and E-mail Security, to name but a few. In this issue we look at rout- ing security again, specifically the efforts underway in the Secure IPv6 Site Multihoming .......... 14 Inter-Domain Routing (SIDR) Working Group of the IETF to provide a secure mechanism for route propagation in the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The article is by Geoff Huston and Randy Bush. Reflecting on World IPv6 Day .................... 23 Our second article discusses Site Multihoming in IPv6. Multihoming is a fairly common technique in the IPv4 world, but as part of the devel- opment and deployment of IPv6, several new and improved solutions Letters to the Editor ............. 25 have been proposed. Fred Baker gives an overview of these solutions and discusses the implications of each proposal. Call for Papers ...................... 29 By all accounts, World IPv6 Day was a successful demonstration and an important step toward deployment of IPv6 in the global Internet.
    [Show full text]
  • European Parliament Elections 2019 - Results
    Briefing June 2019 European Parliament Elections 2019 - Results Austria – 18 MEPs Staff lead: Nick Dornheim PARTIES (EP group) Freedom Party of Austria The Greens – The Green Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP) (EPP) Social Democratic Party of Austria NEOS – The New (FPÖ) (Salvini’s Alliance) – Alternative (Greens/EFA) – 7 seats (SPÖ) (S&D) - 5 seats Austria (ALDE) 1 seat 3 seats 2 seat 1. Othmar Karas* Andreas Schieder Harald Vilimsky* Werner Kogler Claudia Gamon 2. Karoline Edtstadler Evelyn Regner* Georg Mayer* Sarah Wiener 3. Angelika Winzig Günther Sidl Heinz Christian Strache 4. Simone Schmiedtbauer Bettina Vollath 5. Lukas Mandl* Hannes Heide 6. Alexander Bernhuber 7. Barbara Thaler NB 1: Only the parties reaching the 4% electoral threshold are mentioned in the table. *: Incumbent Member of the NB 2: 18 seats are allocated to Austria, same as in the previous election. European Parliament ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• www.eurocommerce.eu Belgium – 21 MEPs Staff lead: Stefania Moise PARTIES (EP group) DUTCH SPEAKING CONSITUENCY FRENCH SPEAKING CONSITUENCY GERMAN SPEAKING CONSTITUENCY 1. Geert Bourgeois 1. Pascal Arimont* 2. Assita Kanko 1. Maria Arena* Socialist Party (PS) Christian Social Party 3. Johan Van Overtveldt 2. Marc Tarabella* (S&D) 2 seats (CSP) (EPP) 1 seat New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) 1. Olivier Chastel (Greens/EFA) Reformist 2. Frédérique Ries* 4 seats Movement (MR) (ALDE) 2 seats 1. Philippe Lamberts* 2. Saskia Bricmont 1. Guy Verhofstadt* Ecolo (Greens/EFA) 2. Hilde Vautmans* 2 seats Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats (Open 1. Benoît Lutgen Humanist VLD) (ALDE) 2 seats democratic centre (cdH) (EPP) 1 seat 1. Kris Peeters Workers’ Party of 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulgarian Parliamentary Elections: a Final Look at the Parties and the Polls
    Bulgarian parliamentary elections: a final look at the parties and the polls blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2014/10/03/bulgarian-parliamentary-elections-a-final-look-at-the-parties-and-the- polls/ 03/10/2014 Bulgaria will hold parliamentary elections on 5 October, following the resignation of the country’s government in July. Ahead of the vote, Stuart Brown gives an overview of the background to the elections, each of the main parties and some of the opinion polling on the likely results. On Sunday, Bulgaria will hold parliamentary elections for the second time in less than 18 months. The elections were called after the Bulgarian government, led by Plamen Oresharski, resigned in July, with a caretaker administration fronted by Georgi Bliznashki taking over in the interim. Oresharski’s government had only entered office in May 2013, but had suffered a series of problems in its short time in power. This was the second time the Bulgarian government had resigned in the last two years, following the collapse of Boyko Borisov’s government in February 2013. Background to the 2014 elections The current period of political instability in Bulgaria can be traced back to a series of mass protests against Borisov’s government in 2013, chiefly over the issue of high electricity prices. Borisov, the leader of the largest centre-right party in Bulgaria, GERB, is a controversial figure, who has faced a number of allegations of corruption since winning power in 2009. As a result of the scale of the protests, he opted to stand down as Prime Minister, with new elections being called for May 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • The Burden of Belonging: Romanian and Bulgarian Foreign Policy in the New Era
    Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Volume 11, Number 3, September 2009 The burden of belonging: Romanian and Bulgarian foreign policy in the new era RONALD H. LINDEN In the world there are only two tragedies. One is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it. Oscar Wilde Introduction For all states, joining an international organization extracts a price. There are expectations, demands, conditions, more or less explicitly spelled out, that will apply to those wanting to become part of an ongoing international enterprise. This applies even to powerful countries and is one of the reasons why realist notions of foreign policy have typically included injunctions against alliance membership.1 For smaller countries in particular, such as the former communist countries of Central and East Europe, the path to achieving membership in international organizations has been especially challenging. The literature is vast and growing on EU expectations and conditions applied to the East European states since membership became a possibility in the mid-1990s.2 Virtually all of it focuses on these states’ adaptation of their domestic political and economic structures, changes in laws and processes including, for example, the adoption into domestic law of the 80,000-page acquis communautaire of the EU. The foreign policies of these states have been less frequently examined against the backdrop of their new membership in the international organizations Downloaded By: [Linden, Ronald H.] At: 12:24 17 September 2009 1 In his discussion of the ‘Nine Rules’ of diplomacy, Hans Morgenthau wrote, ‘Never allow a weak ally to make decisions for you.
    [Show full text]
  • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) F. Baker, Ed. Request for Comments: 7567 Cisco Systems BCP: 197 G
    Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) F. Baker, Ed. Request for Comments: 7567 Cisco Systems BCP: 197 G. Fairhurst, Ed. Obsoletes: 2309 University of Aberdeen Category: Best Current Practice July 2015 ISSN: 2070-1721 IETF Recommendations Regarding Active Queue Management Abstract This memo presents recommendations to the Internet community concerning measures to improve and preserve Internet performance. It presents a strong recommendation for testing, standardization, and widespread deployment of active queue management (AQM) in network devices to improve the performance of today’s Internet. It also urges a concerted effort of research, measurement, and ultimate deployment of AQM mechanisms to protect the Internet from flows that are not sufficiently responsive to congestion notification. Based on 15 years of experience and new research, this document replaces the recommendations of RFC 2309. Status of This Memo This memo documents an Internet Best Current Practice. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on BCPs is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7567. Baker & Fairhurst Best Current Practice [Page 1] RFC 7567 Active Queue Management Recommendations July 2015 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust’s Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
    [Show full text]