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129TH ANNUAL ACADEMY MEETING1 Presidential Address by Dale D 2014. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 123(2):204–216 129TH ANNUAL ACADEMY MEETING1 Presidential Address by Dale D. Edwards2 ‘‘LET’S TALK SCIENCE—MITES OF FRESHWATER MOLLUSKS’’ ACADEMY MEETING WELCOME participating in today’s meeting. We are also Welcome to the 129th Annual Academy very happy to have a handful of young high Meeting! school science students with us today. I encour- The Indiana Academy of Science has had the age you to take time to get to know these young privilege of serving Indiana scientists from people as they move about the meeting. industry and academia, Indiana science educa- At our Luncheon today, in addition to hearing tors, and Indiana graduate and undergraduate from our guest speaker Dr. Jim Bing, we will science students, as well as aspiring young introduce our Academy leadership, welcome our future scientists and the Indiana general public new Academy Fellows, and applaud our 2014 since 1885. With the mission of promoting Awardees. Immediately following lunch, our scientific research, diffusing scientific informa- poster presenters will be standing aside their tion, improving education in the sciences, and posters in Grand Ballroom 1-4 to talk with you encouraging communication and cooperation about their research. Though their posters will between Indiana scientists, the Academy hosted be up for you to view all day, we will be its first Annual Academy Meeting in Indiana- dedicating our attention to their presentations polis in 1885, at the Marion County Court- from 2:00 to 3:10 p.m. We are also truly looking house. From this historic, yet humble beginning forward to hearing Johannah Barry’s Plenary a proud academy was built. There are many Address this afternoon, regarding the ongoing leading scientists in our membership, and many conservation efforts in the Galapagos Islands. who have made the difference in science as we Following Ms. Barry’s Plenary, we will hold know it here in Indiana. a brief, but very important Academy Member- We have a wonderful Annual Meeting ship Meeting. At this meeting, we will hear from planned for you today, resulting in large part our Section leadership who will be meeting with from the generosity of Eli Lilly and Company you this morning (check for the room number Foundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, of your section meeting in the program book). Subaru of America, and the White River State We will also take a few minutes to vote on Park. Today, 160 of you, researchers from the recommended adjustments to our Bylaws, and State of Indiana, will be presenting science in welcome in the incoming Academy President, both oral and poster presentations. Nationally and the newly elected officers and committee recognized guest speakers Dr. James Bing, members, who will officially take on their new a Global Trait Introgression Leader at Dow responsibility June 1. Be sure to join us for AgroSciences, and Johannah Barry, President desserts, soft drinks, coffee, tea, wine, and beer of the Galapagos Conservancy, will be adding to wrap up our meeting this year. to our science conversation. Hot topics will be Earlier this year, Delores Brown, Executive delivered by those on the cutting edge of much Director of the Academy, thought it would be of the conversation of those topics. Workshops a good idea to reinstate an old tradition at the will also be offered for your professional annual meeting. One in which the Academy development, and for the first time this year, President opened the meeting by talking about with the approval of the Department of science. In this case, she asked if I would be Education, professional education credits will willing to talk about my research. I thought it be granted for our Indiana science teachers was a great idea and was happy to oblige. So without further ado, let’s talk science! 1 J.W. Marriott, Indianapolis, IN, 15 March 2014. MITES OF FRESHWATER MOLLUSKS 2 University of Evansville, Department of Biology Evansville, IN 47722; 812-488-2645 (phone), de3@ What I want to do this morning is give evansville.edu. you an overview of some research that I have 204 EDWARDS—MITES OF FRESHWATER MOLLUSKS 205 been doing for the past twenty years or so More than half of the described species are involving the ecology and evolution of water symbionts of freshwater mussels and snails. mites of the genus Unionicola that live in Indeed, the Latin name Unionicola literally symbiotic association with freshwater mussels means ‘living within mussels’—since ‘cola’ or and snails. ‘icola’ mean ‘to live within’ and ‘unio’ is a name The primary objectives of this talk are as for mussels. follows: 1) to put the genus Unionicola into taxonomic perspective; 2) to provide you with UNIONICOLA LIFE CYCLE a general life cycle of these water mites; 3) to The life cycle of water mites is complex characterize the precise nature of the symbiotic and includes the egg, larva, protonymph, association between these mites and their deutonymph, tritonymph, and adult. Larvae, molluscan hosts; 4) to discuss some of my deutonymphs, and adults are motile, whereas behavioral research involving Unionicola mites protonymphs and tritonymphs are quiescent, and how these studies have changed our transformational stages of the life cycle. The perception about what it means to be a species adults and deutonymphs of most water mite in the context of these mites; 5) to provide you species are free-living predators. However, with a framework regarding the phylogenetic there are species from the Pionidae and Union- systematics and biogeography of Unionicola icolidae that are symbiotic with freshwater mites; and 6) to leave you with insights gastropods, mussels, and sponges (Mitchell regarding future directions of my research 1955). Although some species of Unionicola program involving these mites. are free-living predators as nymphs and adults and depend on hosts only for sites of oviposi- PUTTING UNIONICOLA MITES INTO tion and post-larval resting stages, most species TAXONOMIC PERSPECTIVE are obligate symbionts of their hosts. Among Mites, or taxonomically speaking the Acari, those species living within mollusks, the females represent a diverse and variable group of arth- deposit eggs in specific tissues (gills or mantle ropods. Three major lineages or superorders of or foot) of the hosts, with larvae emerging in mites are currently recognized: Opilioacari- late spring and summer. The larvae of most formes, Parasitiformes, and Acariformes. The water mites parasitize aquatic insects and in so Acariformes (the mite-like mites) contains over doing acquire nutrition for larval development 300 families and over 30,000 described species. and a primary mechanism for dispersal. Larval Two major lineages of Acariformes are recog- mites of the genus Unionicola utilize chirono- nized, the Sarcoptiformes (Oribatida and Astig- mids and generally locate these insect hosts mata) and Trombidiformes (Prostigmata). The during the pupal phase of development (Fig. 1), Trombidiformes represents a diverse assem- but the mechanisms of host location are not blage of mites. The largest and most spectacular well understood. The larvae eventually rein- lineage within Trombidiformes is Parasiten- vade a host mussel, embed in host tissue, and gona, with over 7000 described species of enter a transformational stage from which the terrestrial and aquatic mites. Mites belonging sexually immature nymph emerges (Fig. 1). to several unrelated groups are commonly found The nymph subsequently enters a transforma- in freshwater habitats. However, the true water tional stage from which the sexually mature mites (Acariformes: Trombiformes: Parasiten- adult emerges. gona) or Hydrachnida (5 Hydrachnellae, Hy- dracarina, and Hydrachnidia) represent a series NATURE OF THE SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIA- of extensive adaptive radiations occurring most- TION BETWEEN UNIONICOLA MITES ly in freshwater habitats. Well over 5000 species AND MOLLUSKS of water mites are recognized worldwide, Although Unionicola mollusk mites have representing more than 300 genera and sub- been traditionally recognized as parasites, there genera in over 100 families and subfamilies. is little known about the nutritional depen- Water mites of the genus Unionicola (Acari: dence of these mites on their hosts or the Hydrachnida: Unionicolidae) represent a diverse impact that unionicolids may have on the hosts collection of more than 250 species in some 57 with which they are associated. Baker (1976, subgenera (Edwards & Vidrine 2013) distribut- 1977) provided evidence that U. intermedia ed in freshwater habitats around the world. from Anodonta anatina is capable of piercing 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Figure 1.—Generalized life cycle of Unionicola. the gills of host mussels with their pedipalps, host mucus, gill tissue, or hemolymph for at allowing them to feed on hemolymph and least part of their nutrition, the effects that mucus. Extensive infiltration of hemocytes into these mites have on a host has not yet been the damaged regions of the host’s tissue may examined in any detail. Laboratory experi- provide these mites with an additional nutri- ments by MacArthur (1989) indicated that tional source (Baker 1976). Observations by long-term exposure of P. cataracta to U. LaRochelle & Dimock (1981) of U. foili from formosa did not significantly alter the host’s Utterbackia imbecillis indicated that these mites shell morphology and composition, or soft- would occasionally penetrate the gills of their tissue mass and biochemical composition. In host using their pedipalps. However, histolog- addition, there was no evidence that short-term ical examination of the midgut of these animals exposure of P. cataracta to these mites signif- could not definitely conclude that they were icantly altered their ability to move water or feeding on host tissues. More recently (Fisher filter particles. et al. 2000) used both histochemical approaches and immunological assays to confirm that THE POPULATION BIOLOGY OF U. formosa, a sibling species of U. foili, does ADULT MITES indeed ingest mucus and hemolymph from its A polygynous mating system.—One of the mussel host, Pyganodon cataracta.
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