2018 Csr Report
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Electricity Consumption and Battery Lifespan Estimation for Transit Electric Buses: Drivetrain Simulations and Electrochemical Modelling
Electricity consumption and battery lifespan estimation for transit electric buses: drivetrain simulations and electrochemical modelling by Ana¨ıssiaFranca B.Eng, University of Victoria, 2015 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE in the Department of Mechanical Engineering c Anaissia Franca, 2018 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopying or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Electricity consumption and battery lifespan estimation for transit electric buses: drivetrain simulations and electrochemical modelling by Ana¨ıssiaFranca B.Eng, University of Victoria, 2015 Supervisory Committee Dr. Curran Crawford, Supervisor (Department of Mechanical Engineering) Dr. Ned Djilali, Supervisor (Department of Mechanical engineering) iii ABSTRACT This thesis presents a battery electric bus energy consumption model (ECONS-M) coupled with an electrochemical battery capacity fade model (CFM). The underlying goals of the project were to develop analytical tools to support the integration of battery electric buses. ECONS-M projects the operating costs of electric bus and the potential emission reductions compared to diesel vehicles for a chosen transit route. CFM aims to predict the battery pack lifetime expected under the specific driving conditions of the route. A case study was run for a transit route in Victoria, BC chosen as a candidate to deploy a 2013 BYD electric bus. The novelty of this work mainly lays in its application to battery electric buses, as well as in the coupling of the ECONS-M and the electrochemical model to predict how long the batteries can last if the electric bus is deployed on a specific transit route everyday. -
Financial Analysis of Battery Electric Transit Buses (PDF)
Financial Analysis of Battery Electric Transit Buses Caley Johnson, Erin Nobler, Leslie Eudy, and Matthew Jeffers National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-5400-74832 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC June 2020 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Financial Analysis of Battery Electric Transit Buses Caley Johnson, Erin Nobler, Leslie Eudy, and Matthew Jeffers National Renewable Energy Laboratory Suggested Citation Johnson, Caley, Erin Nobler, Leslie Eudy, and Matthew Jeffers. 2020. Financial Analysis of Battery Electric Transit Buses. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-5400-74832. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy20osti/74832.pdf NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-5400-74832 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC June 2020 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov NOTICE This work was authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Vehicle Technologies Office. -
Summary of Available Zero-Emission Technologies and Funding Opportunities
Summary of Available Zero-Emission Technologies and Funding Opportunities Prepared by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District June 2018 Summary of Available Zero-Emission Technologies and Funding Opportunities: June 2018 Table of Contents Technology Readiness Level of Zero-Emission Technologies ................................................................3 Buses ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Light Duty Vehicles .................................................................................................................................... 4 Medium- and Heavy-Duty Trucks ............................................................................................................. 4 Transport Refrigeration Units ................................................................................................................... 5 Mobile Cargo Handling Equipment ........................................................................................................... 5 Construction & Earthmoving Equipment .................................................................................................. 6 Locomotives .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Ocean-Going Vessels ................................................................................................................................ -
Research on the Image Perception of Shaoguan Tourism Food Based on Kelly Grid Technology
E3S Web of Conferences 251, 03025 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125103025 TEES 2021 Research on the Image Perception of Shaoguan Tourism Food Based on Kelly Grid Technology Li Yanfen1, * Guangzhou International Economics College, Baiyun District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China Abstract. This study takes Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province as an example to study tourists' perception of local tourist food image. The research method uses the Kelly grid technique. Through interviews with 24 tourists who have travelled to Shaoguan, 36 key constructs are obtained, and they are divided into cognitive and emotional constructs. Seven final representative constructs are presented. After sub-analysis, it was found that Shaoguan's tourism food development is lagging behind, the food environment needs to be improved, and the lack of representative food in the city, etc., and proposed to establish representative tourism food, improve dietary hygiene awareness, and use the Internet to increase publicity and other optimization development suggestions. attractiveness; from the perspective of tourism economy, tourism food can increase tourism income; from the 1 Introduction perspective of tourists, tourism food can enrich the In 2021, due to the impact of the new crown pneumonia tourism experience. epidemic, international travel will be restricted, and Therefore, this research starts with tourist food, domestic tourism and short-distance travel will increase analyzes tourists’ perception of Shaoguan’s food image, during the normalization and control phase of the finds problems, finds out countermeasures, and improves epidemic in China. the tourist attraction of Shaoguan. Shaoguan is located in the northern part of Guangdong Province, and Shaoguan has unique tourism resources. -
BYD: China’S Electric Car Pioneer
GaveKalDragonomics Special Report BYD: China’s electric car pioneer September 2009 in cooperation with GaveKal Dragonomics is pleased to present its subscribers with a detailed investigative report on one of China’s most interesting private companies, battery- and car-maker BYD. The firm is one of the world’s biggest manufacturers of cell phone batteries, and recently diversified into automobiles; its low-priced F3 sedan is China’s best-selling model this year. BYD leaped into the world’s headlines in 2008 when a Warren Buffet-controlled company paid US$232 million for a 10% stake. Media attention has focused on BYD’s stated aim of becoming a leader in electric car production. Close scrutiny suggests that Buffett’s real interest in the company has more to do with its potential to supply large-scale batteries for storage of electricity produced by renewable sources like wind farms. BYD thus stands at the intersection of two of the most crucial questions facing investors today: • Can China produce innovative and globally competitive private companies? • Will the global energy industry find a replacement for oil as a transportation fuel? This report was prepared exclusively for GaveKal Dragonomics subscribers by Fathom China, a Beijing-based consultancy specializing in detailed company background research. About Fathom China Fathom China Ltd. is an independent research company that conducts focused due-diligence investigations on firms and executives in China. Our team of researchers include highly trained former journalists, academics and consultants. Solving Chinese business puzzles is our specialty. Fathom China was formed by Matthew Forney, who served in Beijing for six years as bureau chief of Time magazine and for three years as an investigative reporter for The Wall Street Journal. -
China Autos Asia China Automobiles & Components
Deutsche Bank Markets Research Industry Date 18 May 2016 China Autos Asia China Automobiles & Components Vincent Ha, CFA Fei Sun, CFA Research Analyst Research Analyst (+852 ) 2203 6247 (+852 ) 2203 6130 [email protected] [email protected] F.I.T.T. for investors What you should know about China's new energy vehicle (NEV) market Many players, but only a few are making meaningful earnings contributions One can question China’s target to put 5m New Energy Vehicles on the road by 2020, or its ambition to prove itself a technology leader in the field, but the surge in demand with 171k vehicles sold in 4Q15 cannot be denied. Policy imperatives and government support could ensure three-fold volume growth by 2020, which would make China half of this developing global market. New entrants are proliferating, with few clear winners as yet, but we conclude that Yutong and BYD have the scale of NEV sales today to support Buy ratings. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Deutsche Bank AG/Hong Kong Deutsche Bank does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. Thus, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision. DISCLOSURES AND ANALYST CERTIFICATIONS ARE LOCATED IN APPENDIX 1. MCI (P) 057/04/2016. Deutsche Bank Markets Research Asia Industry Date China 18 May 2016 Automobiles & China -
Supplement of Evolution of Anthropogenic Air Pollutant Emissions in Guangdong Province, China, from 2006 to 2015
Supplement of Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11701–11719, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11701-2019-supplement © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Supplement of Evolution of anthropogenic air pollutant emissions in Guangdong Province, China, from 2006 to 2015 Yahui Bian et al. Correspondence to: Zhijiong Huang ([email protected]) and Junyu Zheng ([email protected]) The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the CC BY 4.0 License. Figure S1. The geographical location of Guangdong Province, China Figure S2. Government-designated industrial relocation parks in Guangdong province. Source: Li and Fung Centre Research (2008) Figure S3. Trends in the air pollutant emissions, per capita GPD, fuel consumption and vehicle population in the (a) PRD (b) NPRD (all the data are normalized to the year 2006). Figure S4. Comparison of emission trends of (a) SO2 (b) NOX (c) PM10 with ground-level/satellite measurements in the GD from 2006 to 2015. (All data are normalized to the year 2006). Figure S5. The spatial patterns of satellite observations in GD during 2006-2015. (a) SO2, (b) NO2, and (c) AOD. Figure S6. Source emission evolutions in the PRD and NPRD for (a)-(b) SO2, (c)-(d) NOX, (e)-(f) PM10, (g)-(h) PM2.5, (i)-(j) VOCs, (k)-(l) CO and (m)-(n) NH3 from 2006 to 2015. The stacked column graphs show the emission contributions by source-category and year (left axle). The point plots show the total annual emissions (right axle). Figure S7. -
All-Electric Transit Buses
ALL-ELECTRIC TRANSIT BUSES BYD MOTORS INC. Company Profile & Acknowledgments • BYD was founded in 1995 with a $300k family investment and today has grown to $9 Billion in annual revenue. • BYD is the Worlds largest manufacturer of rechargeable batteries. • BYD entered automotive market in 2003 and today is the Worlds largest manufacturer of Battery Electric Buses. • As of October 2015, BYD achieved 6 consecutive months as the World leader in EV sales. • As of October 2015, BYD also ranks 1st in total EV sales with 43,069 units sold. Company Profile & Acknowledgments • Today 60% of BYD’s public shares are owned by American investors. • Warren Buffet’s Berkshire Hathaway is BYD’s single largest public shareholder at 10%. • In 2015, BYD was ranked #15 in Fortune Magazine’s “51 Companies That are Changing the World” list. • In 2010, Bloomberg named BYD a top global technology company. Company Profile • 9 Billion in Annual Revenue • 180,000 Employees Worldwide BYD Provides Green Sustainable Solutions for the Global Community Clean Energy Focus Solar Power Energy Storage LED Lighting 187 Miles Large Luggage Space Spacious Interior Fire Safe 0 Emissions 90 mph Environmentally-Friendly Battery No Heavy Metals Low Center of Gravity Spacious Interior All-Electric Transit Fleet Global Popularity Columbia, Missouri Denver RTD Brazil Stanford University Amsterdam G-Trans, Gardena Beijing Los Angeles Metro Hong Kong Transit Authority Israel Antelope Valley Transit Authority Milan Long Beach Transit Nanjing Hangzhou SolTrans, Vallejo Link Transit, Washington All-Electric Transit Fleet • BYD has a current offering of 7 different Transit Bus and Motor Coach models. • 3,000+ buses in World wide operation today with over 75M miles of data. -
How a Chinese Battery Firm Began Making Electric Buses in America
Paulson Papers on Investment Case Study Series California Dreaming: How a Chinese Battery Firm Began Making Electric Buses in America June 2015 Paulson Papers on Investment Case Study Series Preface or decades, bilateral investment sectors, such as agribusiness or has flowed predominantly from the manufacturing—to identify tangible FUnited States to China. But Chinese opportunities, examine constraints investments in the United States have and obstacles, and ultimately fashion expanded considerably in recent sensible investment models. years, and this proliferation of direct investments has, in turn, sparked new Most of the papers in this Investment debates about the future of US-China series look ahead. For example, our economic relations. agribusiness papers examine trends in the global food system and specific US Unlike bond holdings, which can be and Chinese comparative advantages. bought or sold through a quick paper They propose prospective investment transaction, direct investments involve models. people, plants, and other assets. They are a vote of confidence in another But even as we look ahead, we also country’s economic system since they aim to look backward, drawing lessons take time both to establish and unwind. from past successes and failures. And that is the purpose of the case studies, The Paulson Papers on Investment aim as distinct from the other papers in this to look at the underlying economics— series. Some Chinese investments in and politics—of these cross-border the United States have succeeded. They investments between the United States created or saved jobs, or have proved and China. beneficial in other ways. Other Chinese investments have failed: revenue sank, Many observers debate the economic, companies shed jobs, and, in some political, and national security cases, businesses closed. -
Analysis of the Reduction of CO2 Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study
Article Analysis of the Reduction of CO2 Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study Edwin R. Grijalva 1,2 and José María López Martínez 1,* 1 University Institute for Automobile Research (INSIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28031 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 2 Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad UTE, Bourgeois N34-102 & Rumipamba, Quito 171508, Ecuador * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-913-365-304 Received: 14 December 2018; Accepted: 29 January 2019; Published: 7 February 2019 Abstract: The emissions of CO2 gas caused by transport in urban areas are increasingly serious, and the public transport sector plays a vital role in society, especially when considering the increased demands for mobility. New energy technologies in urban mobility are being introduced, as evidenced by the electric vehicle. We evaluated the positive environmental effects in terms of CO2 emissions that would be produced by the replacement of conventional urban transport bus fleets by electric buses. The simulation of an electric urban bus conceptual model is presented as a case study. The model is validated using the speed and height profiles of the most representative route within the city of Madrid—the C1 line. We assumed that the vehicle fleet is charged using the electric grid at night, when energy demand is low, the cost of energy is low, and energy is produced with a large provision of renewable energy, principally wind power. For the results, we considered the percentage of fleet replacement and the Spanish electricity mix. -
Design and Simulation of a Battery Swapping System for Public Transport
POLITECNICO DI TORINO Dipartimento di Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS) Master’s Degree in Automotive Engineering Master’s Degree Thesis Design and simulation of a Battery Swapping System for public transport Supervisors: Author: Prof. Giulia Bruno Utkucan KARADUMAN Prof. Franco Lombardi Dott. Alberto Faveto February 2021 Acknowledgment I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Giulia Bruno as well as Dott. Alberto Faveto for giving me the opportunity to make research on this interesting subject and for providing guidance and help throughout this research. I am also thankful to all my friends who shared their supports with me all the time. Seren, Nogay, Musa, and Togrul are the ones who deserve a special thanks for being always there for me. Lastly, I would like to acknowledge with gratitude, the support, and love of my family. 1 2 Abstract Nowadays, the automotive industry faces one of the biggest transformations ever. As the concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and global crude oil demand grow, the automotive industry undergoes a change towards the use of electric vehicles (EVs) over traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. For a greater revolution, EVs need to point out issues such as long charging times, insufficient charging infrastructure, low battery performance, high price, fleet electrification, as well as powering renewable energy-based charging grids. As a result of these problems, vehicle manufacturers have started to investigate and invest in more cost-efficient and innovative solutions to engage with the issues related to using electric vehicles. For instance, in order to overcome the long battery charging times, the battery swapping systems (BSS) have been introduced. -
Electrifying the World's Largest New Car Market; Reinstate At
August 31, 2016 ACTION Buy BYD Co. (1211.HK) Return Potential: 15% Equity Research Electrifying the world’s largest new car market; reinstate at Buy Source of opportunity Investment Profile Electrification is set to reshape China’s auto market and we expect BYD to Low High lead this trend given its strong product portfolio, vertically integrated model Growth Growth and high OPM vs. peers. A comparative analysis with Tesla shows many Returns * Returns * strategic similarities but BYD’s new energy vehicle business trades at a sizable Multiple Multiple discount, which we see as unjustified given its large cost savings, capacity Volatility Volatility utilization, and front-loaded investment. China’s new energy vehicle market is Percentile 20th 40th 60th 80th 100th poised to deliver c.30% CAGR (vs. 4% for traditional cars) over the next decade. BYD Co. (1211.HK) We have removed the RS designation from BYD. It is on the Buy List with a Asia Pacific Autos & Autoparts Peer Group Average * Returns = Return on Capital For a complete description of the investment 12-m TP of HK$61.93, implying 15% upside. Our scenario analysis, flexing profile measures please refer to the disclosure section of this document. sales volume and margin assumptions, implies a further 30% valuation upside. Catalyst Key data Current Price (HK$) 54.00 1) More cities in China are likely to announce local preferential policies in 12 month price target (HK$) 61.93 Market cap (HK$ mn / US$ mn) 110,705.4 / 14,270.1 the new energy vehicle (NEV) segment once the result of the subsidy fraud Foreign ownership (%) -- probe is announced.