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Rosetta Stone for Unix

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This custom drawing feature now works in Mozilla, in Opera 7.0 or better, and in IE 5 or better for Solaris, HP-UX, or Windows. Use click, shift-click, control-click, and the "set" and "clear" buttons to select the desired subset of OSs. Then select "Draw table" to redraw the window with your custom table. Thanks to Mårten Svantesson <[email protected]> for the improved JavaScript. A Sysadmin's Unixersal Translator (ROSETTA STONE) OR What do they call that in this world? Contributions and corrections gratefully accepted. Please help us fill in the blanks. New "tasks" are welcome, too! PDF version (for best results print US legal size, landscape orientation. If your browser plug-in has trouble with the PDF, then download it and load it in stand-alone acroread). Framed version. OS versions in parentheses; e.g. 10+ means version 10 and greater; 9- means version 9 and previous. $=extra cost If not specified, commands are in one of the following directories: /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /sbin, /bin Categories: hardware, firmware, devices disks kernel, boot, swap files, volumes networking security, backup software, patching, tracing, logging references TASK \ OS AIX Darwin DG/UX FreeBSD HP-UX IRIX Linux NCR Unix NetBSD OpenBSD Reliant SCO UnixWare Solaris SunOS 4 Tru64 Ultrix UNICOS OS / TASK Fujitsu Siemens. Based on Cray Inc., formed By IBM, with input from SCO UnixWare 7.0.1& The Open Source DC/OSX from Pyramid, from the March System V, BSD, etc. etc. Derived from SCO UnixWare 7.1.1 Solaris 2.0-2.6, 7, 8, 9 (Digital Unix, OSF/1) An early DEC Unix, foundation for Mac OS Data General was aquired Derived from 4.4BSD-Lite (rh) = Red Hat, Forked from NetBSD in SINIX Solaris 1.* 2000 merger of OS notes Runs mainly on IBM Hewlett-Packard. SGI. SVR4-based Mandrake, Suse,... aka MP-RAS 4.4BSD-Lite and became Caldera Open (SunOS 5.*) (4)= 4.0F/G superceded by Digital OS notes X, descended from by EMC in 1999. and 386BSD. 1995. Security emphasis. from Siemens, and SVR4. BSD-based Tera Computer RS/6000 and related (deb) = Debian, Libranet,... 386BSD. Unix and later became SVR4-based (5)= 5.0A Unix (now Tru64). NeXTStep To be replaced with Company and Cray hardware. SCO again. Solaris by 2008. Research smit Aqua: System /usr/sysadm/bin/sysmgr (6.3+) solstice checklist linuxconf sysadm checklist administrative GUI smitty Preferences, NetInfo sysadm /stand/sysinstall sam toolchest sysadm sushi ? scoadmin admintool ? ? /etc/install/install administrative GUI yast2 (Suse) WebSysAdmin (5) sysman wsm Manager /usr/Cadmin/bin/* smc (8 01/01+) xmenu lsuser useradd useradd xadmin Aqua: System adduser useradd useradd useradd sysadm scoadmin mkuser useradd userdel useradd useradd adduser udbgen managing users Preferences, Users rmuser userdel /usr/Cadmin/bin/cpeople userdel userdel useradd useradd ? ? managing users chuser userdel usermod userdel userdel userdel udbrstrict niutil pw usermod (deb) adduser adduser (interactive) userdel userdel rmuser sysadm removeuser nu scripts prtconf -v dia -R full dmesg (if you're lucky) ioscan /usr/platform/`uname -i`/ vmstat -P /proc/cpuinfo dmesg (if you're lucky) hwconfig sbin/prtdiag -v (sun4u and hwmgr -get category prtconf /proc/pci prtconf dmesg dmesg adb hw sun4d only) (5) hwmgr -show machid list hardware lscfg /proc/meminfo devstat more dmesg autoconf -l list hardware ioreg -bls dg_sysreport -g hardware cat /var/run/dmesg.boot model hinv scoadmin/DCU psrinfo -v dmesg (if you're lucky) devices ? getconf configuration lsattr /proc/interrupts machinetype /var/run/dmesg.boot cat /var/run/dmesg.boot showconf configuration pciconf -l stm (from the SupportPlus isainfo -v psrinfo uname -a lsdev /proc/ioports more /etc/.osm cat /kern/msgbuf /usr/lib/X11/testtools/ CDROM) dmesg pset_info lspci z35SysInfo bdf (like most vendors' df) iostat -En sys_check hwinfo (SuSE) prtfru /usr/bin/X11/dxsysinfo show/set setboot nvram openprom (on in bdm show/set dg_sysctl | /dev/nvram (if you have it) EEPROM/NVRAM bootlist -o -m normal nvram ? bootadmin (at boot PROM) printenv/setenv (at command eeprom OpenFirmware (at boot stop ? eeprom eeprom (4.0D+) consvar ? ? EEPROM/NVRAM grep BOOTPATH hwclock values stm monitor) architectures) or ctrl-a) values (3.2.*) scu scan edt scsiha -pr devfsadm. pre-Solaris 7, modprobe (4.0) scu scan edt; disklabel -rw add device without (automatic — camcontrol ioscan -fnCdevtype; ioconfig -f /hw devmgmt reinitdev use: add device without cfgmgr -v N/A kerneld ? ? mkdev MKDEV rzXX label (for disks) ? ? reboot autdodiskmounter) kldload insf -Cdevtype scsiadminswap mktable changedev drvconfig; devlinks; {disks, reboot insmod (5.x) dsfmgr -k; disklabel -rw -b bus -p tapes, ports} dskn auto /dev/ios0/rstape001 /dev/tape tape device /dev/rmt0 ? /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rsa0 /dev/rmt/0 /dev/st0 /dev/rmt/c* /dev/st0 /dev/st0 autoconf -1 | /dev/rct0 /dev/rmt/0 ? (5.x) /dev/ntape /dev/tape ? tpmnt tape device /dev/nrtape grep TAPE X kvm config ? ? ? xf86config ? ? xf86config ? ? ? hwconfig kdmconfig (x86) ? ? ? ? X kvm config disklabel -r admpdisk -o list diskinfo read a disk label lspv -l Disk Utility disklabel -r prtvtoc fdisk -l prtvtoc disk fdisk -r OR disklabel -rl dkpart -l fsname prtvtoc dkinfo disklabel -r chpt -q ? read a disk label admvdisk -o list pvdisplay mbrlabel (non-root partitions are c or d /dev/ios0/rsdisk???s7 whole disk in partition N/A mounted under ? c ? 10 ? s0 c /dev/1s# (#=0,1,...) 2 c c c ? whole disk in partition sysctl kern.rawpartition (???=000-999) /Volumes) sysadm fdisk cfdisk fdisk dvhtool disklabel -wr label a disk mkvg (labels unused) admpdisk disklabel -wr pvcreate fdisk edvtoc disklabel -wr dksetup ? format format disklabel -rw chpt -a /etc/labelit label a disk fx -x mbrlabel sysinstall e2label mkpart updatescsi parted (if you have it) fdisk lvcreate format partition a disk mklv pdisk admpdisk fx fdisk ? disklabel -i fdisk -e OR disklabel -E dkpart -e ? format disklabel -e chpt -p /etc/install/install partition a disk sysinstall sam fmthard pdisk (on a MAC) /kernel/genunix /platform/`uname -m`/ /hpux (9) /boot/vmlinuz /unix /unix kernel /unix /mach_kernel /dgux /kernel /unix /netbsd /bsd /unix kernel/unix /vmunix /vmunix /vmunix /unicos kernel /stand/vmunix (10+) /boot/bootlx /stand/unix /stand/unix /platform/`uname -m`/ kernel/sparcv9/unix (7+) /usr/samples/kernel/vmtune sysdef sam sysdef (installed with the bos vi /var/Build/ /boot/kernel.conf idtune getconf adb show/set kernel sysdef /proc/* getconf sysctl sysctl dxkerneltuner show/set kernel adt.samples fileset) /usr/sbin/sysctl system.hostname;; sysctl systune cat /etc/opt/cf.d/stune /etc/conf/cf.d/configure -x cat /etc/system ? ? parameters kmtune (11+) /proc/sys/* /etc/conf/cf.d/ /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf /usr/kvm/sys/ sysconfig parameters /usr/sbin/no reboot /etc/sysctl.conf cat /etc/opt/cf.d/mtune ndd getconf quicktune.cfg `arch -k`/conf (network-related) adb -k show runlevel who -r (runlevels unused) who -r N/A who -r who -r /sbin/runlevel who -r N/A N/A who -r who -r who -r ? who -r ? who -r show runlevel installboot /usr/platform/ /usr/kvm/mdec boot0cfg fdisk -A(and lilo to fdisk -i `uname -m` installboot [-hltv] (4.x+) disklabel -rw -t make disk bootable bosboot -a bless dg_sysctl mkboot dvhtool ? ? dksetup ? ? ? make disk bootable disklabel manipulate mbr) installboot /lib/fs/ufs/bootblk protobootblk [ufs|advfs] raw_device_file bootdevice /System/Library/ /etc/rc* (9) StartupItems/*, /etc/rc* /etc/rc* /etc/rc* (but may vary) /etc/rc* /etc/rc* startup scripts /etc/rc* /etc/rc* /sbin/rc* (10+) /etc/rc* /etc/rc* /etc/rc* /sbin/init.d; links in /sbin/rc?.d /etc/rc* ? startup scripts /Library/StartupItems/, /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ /etc/init.d/ /etc/init.d/ /etc/init.d /etc/rc* /etc/rc* /etc/init.d/ /sbin/init.d/ /etc/rc* (set in /etc/inittab) 0: shut down 0: firmware monitor 0: power-down 0: shutdown 0: power-down run levels s,S: single-user (set in /etc/inittab) s,S: single-user run levels s,S: single-user s,S: single-user s,S: single-user 0: shut down *=normal states 1: sys admin 0: halt -1: permanent insecure 1: sys admin *=normal states 1: sys admin 1: sys admin 1: sys admin 1: single user for more detail 2: multiuser s,S,1: vendor-dependent 0: insecure 2: multiuser for more detail ? ? ? N/A 2: multiuser (no NFS) 2*: multi-user N/A 2*: multiuser ? ? ? 2: multi-user, no NFS ? see 3*: share NFS 1: single-user 1: secure 3*: share NFS see 3*: multiuser 3: share NFS 3+4*: user-defined 3: multi-user home.earthlink.net/ 4*: start GUI 2-5*: multiuser 2: highly secure 4*: user-defined home.earthlink.net/ 4: user-defined 4: user-defined 5: firmware update 6: reboot ~jaymzh666/runlevels.html 5: user-defined 6: reboot 5: power-down ~jaymzh666/runlevels.html 5: firmware monitor 5: firmware 6: reboot 6: user-defined 6: reboot 6: reboot admswap -o list -buv swapinfo swap -s cat /proc/meminfo swap -s swap -s swap -s check swap space lsps -a ls -l /var/vm dg_sysreport -p freeswap swapinfo swapctl -l swapctl swap -l pstat -s swapon -s ? /etc/swapper check swap space pstat -s swap -l free swap -l swap -l swap -l systat -swap ext2 ufs vxfs (4) ufs NC1FS "normal" filesystem jfs dg/ux ufs hfs efs, xfs ext3 vxfs ffs (was ufs) ffs (was ufs) htfs ufs 4.2 ufs "normal" filesystem hfs+ ufs (root) (5) AdvFS C2FS ReiserFS jfs (vxfs) ccd vdisk Solstice DiskSuite Advfs volume-based filesystem jfs ? ? 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    SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1 System Analysis and Tuning Guide System Analysis and Tuning Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1 An administrator's guide for problem detection, resolution and optimization. Find how to inspect and optimize your system by means of monitoring tools and how to eciently manage resources. Also contains an overview of common problems and solutions and of additional help and documentation resources. Publication Date: September 24, 2021 SUSE LLC 1800 South Novell Place Provo, UT 84606 USA https://documentation.suse.com Copyright © 2006– 2021 SUSE LLC and contributors. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or (at your option) version 1.3; with the Invariant Section being this copyright notice and license. A copy of the license version 1.2 is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. For SUSE trademarks, see https://www.suse.com/company/legal/ . All other third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Trademark symbols (®, ™ etc.) denote trademarks of SUSE and its aliates. Asterisks (*) denote third-party trademarks. All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LLC, its aliates, the authors nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof. Contents About This Guide xii 1 Available Documentation xiii
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    Mac OS X An Introduction for UNIX Users Leon Towns-von Stauber, Occam's Razor Seattle BSD Users Group, October 2004 http://www.occam.com/osx/ X Contents Opening Remarks.............................3 Where Did Mac OS X Come From?.....5 What is Mac OS X?..........................13 A New Kind of UNIX........................25 A Different Kind of UNIX.................28 Why Use Mac OS X?.........................60 Resources.......................................63 Closing Remarks.............................67 X Opening Remarks 3 This is a technical introduction to Mac OS X, mainly targeted to experienced UNIX users for whom OS X is at least relatively new Some emphasis on comparisons with FreeBSD I'm assuming basic familiarity with operating system design Where I'm coming from: UNIX user and some-time admin since 1990 Full-time UNIX admin since 1995 NeXTstep user and admin since 1991 This presentation covers primarily Mac OS X 10.3.5 (Darwin 7.5) X Legal Notices 4 This presentation Copyright © 2003-2004 Leon Towns-von Stauber. All rights reserved. Trademark notices Apple®, Mac®, Macintosh®, Mac OS®, Aqua®, Finder™, Quartz™, Cocoa®, Carbon®, AppleScript®, Rendezvous™, Panther™, and other terms are trademarks of Apple Computer. See <http:// www.apple.com/legal/appletmlist.html>. NeXT®, NeXTstep®, OpenStep®, and NetInfo® are trademarks of NeXT Software. See <http://www.apple.com/legal/nexttmlist.html>. PowerPC™ is a trademark of International Business Machines. Java™ is a trademark of Sun Microsystems. Other trademarks are the property of their