Bronze Corrosion and Outdoor Pollution
NCPTT NOTES National Center for Preservation Technology and Training UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR • N \TIOY\I. I'VR^JKIHBJ
Preservation Training Changes/ Exchanges: A Bronze Corrosion Symposium for the Training and Outdoor Community
Pollution Information Management ore often than not we encounter bronze • National sculpture or monuments whose surfaces Register are streaked and covered with green and M Information black corrosion. We are accustomed to bronze cor System rosion as a sign of "natural" aging of sculptures. We may not he aware that before the industrial revolu Detail of the New Jersey monument at Valley tion sculptures did not readily take on this appear Forge National Historic Park, Pennsylvania ance and the damage observed is caused by the effects of air pollution. Preservation Combined effects of air pollutants and moisture containing a corrosion inhibitor, benzotriazole. Research arc the most pervasive dangers to outdoor bronze. Wax usually is applied over the Incralac coating Electronic Prime corrosive agents are gaseous sulfur dioxide, as a sacrificial topcoat. Marker sulfates found in particulate matter, and sulfur and NCPTT's Materials Research Program sup Systems: nitrogen oxides — which, when combined with mois ports research in three main areas: 1) under A New Tool ture in the atmosphere, can form "acid" rain. Once standing cultural resources decay caused by air for Protect in contact with the metal surface, these corrosive pollution, 2) developing new mitigation strategies ing Archeo- agents can react chemically or eleetrochemically to prevent damage, and 3) investigating new treat logical Sites leading to corrosion and metal loss observed as ments and technologies to minimize the deteriora pitting or streaking of the surface1. tion of cultural resources by pollutants. Although Regular maintenance by cleaning and coating the majority of MRP research has focused on" with a protective material is the most common ap stone deterioration, pollutant effects on orna proach used to preserve outdoor bronze and pre mental and sculptural bronze also have been • vent corrosion2'!'4. Coatings provide a barrier that investigated. Four MRP research projects on prevents pollutants from interacting with the bronze bronze are highlighted in this article. 1999 surface of the monument. Important properties of Among early MRP efforts were two bronze Preservation coating systems include durability, adhesion, ease research projects based on in-situ measurements Technology of maintenance and surface appearance. Waxes, of environmental exposure and resulting corro and Training such as beeswax, microcrystalline wax, polyethyl sion for selected bronze monuments5. The first Grants Call, ene wax, or carnauba wax, are the most commonly project considered aerodynamic processes that for Proposals, used coatings for bronzes. The most frequently used page 2 lacquer is Incralac, a proprietary acrylic lacquer Continued on Page 3 ^m— NCPTT NOTES 1999 PTTGrants Call for Proposals
PTTPublicalions he National Center for Preservation tive work in research, training and informa No. 1998-26 Technology and Training has issued its tion management on technical issues in historic T 1999 call for proposals for NCPTT's architecture, archeology, historic landscapes, Editor Preservation Technology and Training Grants ohjeets and materials conservation, and inter Mary F. Striegel program. The PTTGrants program has awarded pretation. Grants are available in eight catego Publications Manager over $500,000 eaeli year since 1994 for innova ries — Sarah B. Luster • Information management • Technology transfer Contributors • Training and education • Analytical facility support Mary S. Carroll Joy Davis • Applied/fundamental research • Conference support Frances Gale • Environmental effects of outdoor pollutants • Publications support. John Hohhins Danic! V i\ inn Application deadlines are mid-December 1998, as specified in the call for proposals. The 1999 PTTGrants Call for Proposals is available via — Image Credits > . Page I: Nick Vcloz Page 3: Dennis Montagna E-mail Send a blank message to
Electronic mail PTTGrants are funded by Federal appropriation; awards are subject to availability of funds. [email protected]
World Wide Web www .neptt.nps.gov
Fax-on-demand Historic Landscapes Research — 318/357-3214 Special Topics for the 1999 PTTGrants Program Newsletter Design Terra Incognita www.lerraiin-oanita.eoni As part of the 1999 PTTGrants program, NCPTT encourages submissions of proposals that address issues in historic landscapes research, including — • Database development
VCPTT Vnraa ii puUtehed hi Ihe Ha • Interface of natural and cultural resources in historic landscapes I,..M:,I Park Sarviec'e National (.,• r far 'Preaervaiion Teeknoidgv. and Training. • • Interpreting landscape processes The mail list for VCPTT Volar ir tuhjeel |.> reqtteal under tl»- Fr lam afinfortna- • Landscape Construction Technology and Techniques li.in 1,1. IV, ,. .„• orjaiiiiati.ii,, „,„ wattling la have mail [iai iafor ton ill.. • Effects of historic advances in technology on landscapes ctfMed .lm.,1.1 <„,.,,I...-, .I,.. • Vegetation management Cm,,,,,-,II. and itema of .real far the next ttewetetter aepd ,<> NCPTT'apuhhw a- • Impact of modern standards on historic landscapes li.m, manager, Seeah II I aetee. • Technology transfer
In NCPTT Notes 26, these issues are described further (page 3), and the issues are incorporated into the 1999 PTTGrants Call for Proposals as described in the addendum (page 2). For more information on the historic landscapes research special topics, contact NCPTT Research Coordinator Mark Gilherg.
© NCPTT NOTES — National Center For Preservation Technology and Training Corrosion and Pollution were placed at various locations on the posure environment data -— winds, tem monument. Surrogate surfaces were used perature and rainfall precipitation—were Continued from page 1 to.control boundary layer characteristics compiled. The Environmental Protection so that the various steps in the deposition Agency's Aerometric Information Re process-could be quantified. trieval System database provided air pol influence the delivery of gases and par Study results suggest that the relative lution data for major urban areas, and ticles to outdoor monuments. The second importance of aerodynamic, boundary regional aeid rain data came from the evaluated specific forms of bronze corro layer and surface resistances can vary National Acid Deposition Program coor sion on a series of replicate, statues called greatly for surfaces exposed to the ambi- dinated by Colorado State University. The the "Hiker" by T.A.R. Kitson. Two cur " ent atmosphere. Deposition varied greatly National Atmospheric and Oceanic- rent bronze research projects study the Administration's National Climate Data effects of marine environments on bronze Center keeps long-term weather records corrosion, and investigate new coating and provided information on the-expo systems for potential use on outdoor sure environment for each statue. bronze sculpture and ornamentation. Secondly, John Meakin and his group documented the geography of each statue, Dry Deposition Field Study paying particular attention to the statue's A series of experiments was designed as a proximity to trees, shrubs and roads, and first step to understanding the role of accessibility to people and animals. The object shape and air* turbulence in the history of. maintenance treatments was delivery of pollutant gases and particles to obtained from'the statue owners — in monuments and buildings. The7 project Antoni Popeil (sculptor), Kosciuszko most cases the local parks departments. sought insights into transport mechanisms Monument, 1910, Washington, DC Thirdly, the nature and severity of by which pollutants are. deposited on corrosion observed on many of the ex bronze objects. both by sampling location on the statue posed statues included streaking, pitting The General Meade Monument at and day to day, with some locations re and uniformity effects. Before 1987, the Gettyshurg National Military Park, Penn ceiving more deposition than other loca study focused on photographically docu sylvania was the study site. The Meade tions. Sulfate particles showed preferen menting the corrosion on the statues. The monument research team included Cliff tial deposition while sulfur dioxide gas photographic enlargements were mapped Davidson, Yee-Lin Wu, Robert Gandley was evenly distributed on the statue. A for corrosion using computer-aided de- and Armistead Russell from Carnegie highly variable surface resistance may sigh software. Analysis of the patterns Mellon University and Donald Dolske from often be the rate-limiting factor in deter and chemistry of Hiker corrosion posed the Atmospheric Chemistry Section, Illi mining the overall dry deposition. significant problems in theoretical inter nois State Water Survey'1-'. Additional pretation and field sampling. In 1989 the deposition experiments were conducted research became more quantified and the The Kitson "Hiker" Study in Glaremont, California by Ray Hosker topography of the corroded surface was The goal of this study was to correlate the and Randy White from the Atmospheric replicated with a vinyl polysiloxane mate severity of corrosion observed on a series Turbulence and Diffusion Division of the rial, which is widely used to make dental of "Hiker" bronze statues with their expo National Atmospheric and Oceanic Ad molds. sure history. The Hiker statue was cre ministration, and by Edward Smith from ated by T.A.R. Kitson to commemorate The dental mold technique is a non the National Park Service. the Spanish-American War. Between 1921 invasive way to record surface conditions The deposition process can be consid to 1965, the Gorham Gompany of Provi and provide an archival record of an-eas- ered the sum of three steps. In the first dence, Rhode Island, cast 50 replicas of rly locatable region of statue. Stored molds step, pollutants are carried from the at the statue, and in 1965 the original metal could be compared with molds taken after mosphere to a sublayer of air surrounding masters from which all Hikers were made conservation treatment, to see if treat the object. Next, the pollutant must cross were assembled and erected near Arling ment helped to slow the corrosion pro this boundary layer, and finally a physi ton Cemetery in Washington, DC, as the cess. Pit depth was found-to increase with cal or chemical interaction occurs between final copy of the Hiker series. The study the age of the statue, and statues which the pollutant and the surface. The Meade has involved a team of researchers at the were known or suspected to have been monument study considered the dry depo University of.Delaware led by John ' conserved tended to show shallower pit sition of sulfur dioxide gas, sulfate par Meakin, Michael Panhorst and David depth than non-conserved statues of simi ticles, nitrate particles, calcium and lead. Ames. lar age. For example, cbnserved statues Aerodynamically designed surrogate sur Initially, both the pollutant and ex faces in the shape of symmetrical airfoils Continued oil Page 4 •»—
OCTOBER 1998 — Number 27 © Corrosion and Pollution bridge, Massachusetts. experimental bronze coatings Marine Environments Study Continued from page 3 The study focuses on the succeed or fail in polluted ur The goal of the initial phase of role of chlorides in the devel ban environments. The ulti this work is to document the opment of cuprite corrosion mate goal of this research is showed pit depths of 0.1 mm unusually thick, well-adhered on bronze sculpture and'ornas- reliable prediction of coating compared with 0.4 mm pit black corrosion observed by mentation located in marine performance on different types depth for non-conserVed stat conservators working in tropi environments' very near the of bronze. ues of the same age. cal and subtropical climates. ocean. Initial efforts focused The first phase of the The dental mold technique Field documentation at sites in on characterizing corrosion project identified potential new could be useful in monitoring Hawaii, California, Florida products. Initial observations coatings for bronze and tested corrosion and developing in and Cuba was carried out with show that cuprite corrosion their physical properties on two formation on the effects of con Urban Art, Inc., by Rosa forms on bronze sculptures in types of bronze — a mirror servation treatments for other Lowinger and her team of con dependent of alloy composi finished cast architectural outdoor sculpture collections. servators at the Sculpture Con tion, appearing on silicon bronze, and naturally A hook by John Meakin and servation Studio in Los Ange bronze as well as copper-nickel patinated, 50-year-old copper Susan Sherwood detailing vari les. Analyses of corrosion and lead-tin bronze. There is roof panels — representing the ous aspects of the Hiker study samples were performed at an absence of copper carbon two extremes of surfaces en is forthcoming. Altrans Corporation in Cam- ates and sulfates on the bronze countered in outdoor bronze. sculptures, which one might Physical properties, including expect in an urban environ adhesion, tensile strength, per ment such as the Los Angeles meability and other inherent What is bronze? area where some of the sculp mechanical properties of films tures are located. While the were tested using standard pro Bronze is a metal alloy of tin and copper, with lead added marine environment and chlo- cedures established by the to improve the fluidity of the alloy. In recent years, other .rides are suspected to play a American Society for Testing elements such as silicon may he added to a bronze alloy to role, copper chlorides were and Materials, the Society of alter its properties. Bronzes first came into use around the conspicuously absent from the Automotive Engineering, and beginning of the third millennium BC. The specialized corrosion crusts. an automotive-type acceler ated weathering program. properties of bronze — good castability, fine appearance, Further work on the and resistance to corrosion compared to other metals — project may explain the roles In the second phase of the made it suitable for sculptures since Greek and Roman that air pollution and chlorides research, the best performing times, and various alloys of bronze continue the same uses, play in the formation of the coatings from the first phase 8 today . cuprite layers. A greater un were applied on a wider range derstanding of the environ of substrates for evaluation by mental conditions that lead to more sensitive tests. Sample this type of corrosion should sets were prepared for accel ... and why does bronze corrode? enable us to minimize the prob erated and natural outdoor lem and to develop better con weathering, as well as for ref Copper, which is the base metal in bronze alloys, is ther- servation treatments. erence without weathering. modynamically unstable and reacts with other elements to Five coating systems currently form more stable compounds. The most common reaction New Coating Systems are being tested: 1) Incralac of copper is with oxygen in the air to form copper oxides. with wax topcoat, 2) Nikolas This multi-phase research Copper can react with carbonic acid, a product of carbon acrylic coating topcoated with project addresses the need for dioxide dissolved in rain, dew or moist soil, to form mixed Nikolas acrylic urethane and new coating strategies to pro salts such as green malachite or blue azurite. These corro^ wax, 3) benzotriazole (BTA) tect outdoor bronzes from the sion products often are seen on buried or archeological pretreatment and BASF effects of polluted environ bronze. The presence of sulfur dioxides in the air can acrylic urethane with wax top- ments. The project focuses on result in the conversion of copper oxides to basic copper , coat, 4) BTA pretreatment with. identifying new coating systems sulfates like brochantite and antlerite, green corrosion wax coat, and 5) uncoated. 9 and testing them for potential products frequently found on outdoor bronze sculpture . Each coating was sprayed on use in the conservation field. Also, copper found within bronze alloys can react with the following substrates: The research team at the Na hydrogen sulfide or carbonyl sulfide to form copper sul 1) cast, water-polished monu- fides10 , commonly found in/hlack corrosion products seen tional Gallery of Art, led by on outdoor sculpture in urban environments" . Lynn Brostoff and Rene de la Rie, wants to determine how Continiied on Page 11 •"-
4 NCPTT NOTES — National Center For Preservation Technology and Training ing the preservation and con ning training modules, orient Changes/Exchanges: servation community inelude ing participants to the learn accurately determining train ing process •,an d evaluating t In ing needs, speaking the lan effectiveness of training activi A Symposium for guage of each discipline, ac ties are critical components in commodating diverse learning using new media effectively. the Training Community styles, utilizing new media in delivering training, and sus Symposium follow-up taining the impact of training. The University of Victoria's Highlights from the University of In addition to addressing needs Cultural Resource Manage of a general audience, the Victoria Symposium ment Program has established agenda of the training special a Changes/Exchanges managed June 23-26 ist is shaped by individuals, Web site to facilitate contin their institutions, government Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia ued communication following agencies and professional as the symposium. The site pro sociations. vides good resources on ap "There's only one corner of the universe you can Another common concern proaches, programs and strat be certain of improving, and that's your own self is adequate funding to support egics for planning, marketing ... So you have to begin there, not outside, not on training. Today's training spe and delivering training — As other people. That comes afterward, when you've cialists must deal with the im sociations Concerned with Pro worked on your own corner.'' pacts and implications of tight fessional Development, Profes —Alrtous Huxley, Time Must Have a Sto/). 1945 ened budgets and changing sional Development Program work environments on tradi ming. Teaching and Learning tional face-torface training. Resources, Instructional De hile professional de ing with museum and cultural New systems for delivering velopment Planning Re training, including computer- velopment special resource agencies, organiza sources , and "Outside the Box" based training as well as televi W ists create stimulat tions and professional devel which includes sites that de sion and video, may offer solu ing learning opportunities for opment programs in Canada, scribe continuing professional others in the preservation and the United States and Scotland. tions to these issues. Develop ing relevant curricula, plan conservation community, they During the symposium, par Continued on Page 9 •"•- rarely take time to reflect on ticipants explored changes in their own professional devel their roles and responsibilities opment needs. A symposium, and in the expectations that organized by the Cultural Re shape'their jobs. Most impor source Management Program tantly, the symposium was an at the University of Victoria, opportunity to exchange expe provided' an opportunity, for rience, insights and issues with preservation educators to do others involved in the diverse, so. often isolated, field of preser The symposium brought vation education. together a number of impor Drawing on the wealth of tant partners including participant experience, the Canada's Cultural Human symposium addressed a broad Resources Council — which range of topics during the four- provided core funding —, the dayNgathering. International Committee for The symposium began with the Training of Personnel of defining the role of the profes the International Council of sional development specialist Museums, and the National who must meet the learning Park Service. needs of a community with di Symposium participants verse skills; knowledge, inter Dorothy Hunt of the First People's Cultural Foundation, included professional develop ests, andvultural and educa Diana Thompson of the Canadian Museums Association, and ment program directors, coor tional backgrounds. Chal Joyce Gilbert, a Winston Churchill Scholar from Scotland, at dinators and facilitators work lenges common to those serv the Changes!Exchanges symposium
OCTOBER 1998 — Number 27 © that will allow users to con FTP struct their own reports in a The NRIS database is avail point-and-elick environment. able via ftp, but access to the Implementation of this feature database itself is not online. is scheduled for 1999. The database must be down loaded and installed on the Telnet user's PC. It is intended for In order to connect with NRIS the advanced user who is in using telnet, your PC must have terested in manipulating the telnet software that allows you data on a local computer sys to connect to a remote com tem. The database is in dRASE puter system. A telnet connec III Plus format, and a schema tion is available through the and coding information are NRIS Web site — click on the provided in separate files. word TELNET; the telnet cli ent will be invoked and the The National Register Infor connection made —, or users mation System is a valuable can connect directly to
© NCPTT NOTES — National Center For Preservation Technology and Training Electronic Marker Systems — A New Tool for Protecting Archeological Sites
ultural resource man tems, held strong potential for . agement specialists use in cultural resource man C face multiple chal agement. lenges in protecting archeologi cal sites — and maintaining EMS and EMS components accurate and reliable site loca EMS originally was developed tion data is among the difficult for utility companies to quickly tasks. Maps, Global Position and accurately locate buried Washington State Parks archeologist Dan Meatt shown ing System readings, and features — such as power, wa implanting an EMS marker. The device resting on the above-ground markers are ter, gas, and fiber optic lines ground at left is an EMS transmitter. commonly used, hut all have — not unlike the needs of cul drawbacks and sometimes are tural resource managers. tribal government agencies. the project, EMS markers were ineffective. Cartographic er EMS is comprised essen Participating areheologists in placed at more than fifty sites. rors and skewed GPS readings tially of markers and trans cluded representatives of the Two types of EMS mark i ntermittently cause problems; mitters — small buried mark Bureau of Land Management, ers were used — the near-sur above-ground markers often ers that can later he located the Yakama Indian Nation, US face marker and the ball disappear or, worse, tag a site with a portable transmitter Fish and Wildlife Service and marker. The former is roughly as a vandal target. Moreover, unit. Each marker is a passive the National Park Service. Of the size of an index finger and the lack of an effective system antenna set to respond to a the several commercially avail the latter is approximately the for long-term monitoring of ar single frequency and housed able brands of EMS, Whitlam size of a Softball. Project ar cheological sites traditionally in a polyethylene shell for pro chose SeotchMark Electronic eheologists easily carried a suf has undermined protection ef tection from its environment. Marker System manufactured ficient quantity of either type forts. Cultural resource man Markers come in a variety of by 3M Corporation because of in a field pack to even remote agement specialists have be types and sizes but all function its availability. The 3M Cor archeological sites. Markers of come increasingly aware in re in the same manner. Portable poration also supported the both types were installed in cent years of the need for accu transmitter units use standard project by supplying a trans small, shallow holes made with rate means of monitoring C-cell batteries and are at mitter, markers and technical a hand auger. Once buried, no changes caused by soil erosion, tached to a device that looks assistance. trace of the markers remained vegetation growth and human like a common metal detector. at ground level. impacts. Between Winter 1996 and Thetransmitterpulsesata fre Summer 1997, areheologists Following marker instal A recent NGPTT-spon- quency that corresponds to the implanted EMS markers at lation, a planned waiting pe sored project undertaken by markers' setting. Depending sites throughout the state of riod allowed markers to he ex the Washington State Office of on the type of marker used and Washington. Sites were se posed to underground condi Archaeology and Historic the depth of burial, the" lected to test EMS under var tions for several months and Preservation contributed sig transmitter's detection range ied environmental conditions, for vegetation to grow. In Sum nificantly towards developing is between one and two meters. including a coastal shell midden mer and Fall 1997, Whitlam a more effective system for at the salt waters of Puget began to relocate marked sites monitoring archeological sites. Test applications Sound, an historic village site using information typically Having faced site management To examine the applicability on the Columbia River, a I(>uml in archeojogical site files difficulties in his wof k as Wash of EMS for long-term monitor rockshelter in the Cascade — maps, GPS readings, or ington State Archaeologist, Mountains, and open lithic sites written descriptions —, then ing of archeological sites, Robert G. Whitlam recognized in the arid sagebrush of east conducted a systematic scan of Whitlam organized a field test that a relatively new technol ern Washington. Throughout ogy, Electronic Marker Sys ing program in cooperation with Federal, state, local and Continued on Page 9 '^m~
OCTOBER 1998 — Number 27 © will assist in developing a site interpreta NCPTT Supports tion and heritage management {dan for the Jaisalmer site. Grants-Writing Online International Julie Eklund trained in anthropology at University of Montana's Davidson Hon For assistance in developing ors College, and in archeology at The proposals to non-profit and Internships American University of Cairo. Ms. government grants programs, Eklund's internship focused on cultural online help is available at several resources conservation at Levoca in the sites. he National Park Service has a Spis region of the Slovak Republic — a long-standing and strong commit project under the direction of the
© NCPTT NOTES — National Center For Preservation Technology and Training Changes/Exchanges group provides a mechanism dress training issues. In the grams. At the international for training specialists to share US, organizations such as the level, the International Coun Continued from page 7 information and exchange American Institute for Conser cil on Museums and Sites ideas. A listserv also has been vation of Historic and Artistic founded the International education for other occupa established to promote ex Works and the Society for Committee for the Training of tional groups. changes among professional American Archaeology have Personnel in 1967, to "encour The site's threaded discus- continuing educators. You can training and education com age and promote relevant " sion software provides an op join by contacting Joy Davis, mittees. In Canada, both the training to appropriate stan portunity for colleagues to con
Electronic Marker Systems ence points for assessing long-term dam Ms. Davis has worked as Pro Continued from page 7 age. And several EMS markers can estab gram Director of the Cultural lish a boundary or a "no entry" zone around Resource Management Pro the areas to locate the markers. His ability the perimeter of an archeological site near gram, University of Victoria, to relocate each marker improved as he or, within a construction site. Most excava since its inception in 1983 and became increasingly familiar with the trans tion contractors already are familiar with serves as Director for diploma mitter readings. EMS used to identify underground utility programs in Intercultural Edu lines and can instruct work crews to locate cation and Training, Indig Test evaluation markers and avoid archeological sites. enous Fine Arts, and Fine Arts. Whitlam found the system highly reliable Whitlam warns that considerable plan Contact NCPTT Publica and was able to relocate markers at all but ning is necessary for effective field deploy- tions Manager Sarah Luster two sites. In one instance, he received a men t of EMS. First, he urges cultural re for copies q/YCOMOS Guide weak signal and surmised that heavy flood source management specialists to develop lines for Education and Train ing early in the year had deposited sedi firm goals before implanting EMS markers ing in the Conservation of ment in the area of the marker, placing it on-site. Is the purpose to establish a stable Monuments, Ensembles and beyond the transmitter's range. At another photo monitoring point? ... a datum for Sites and ICTOP Standards site, he encountered a marker that did not measuring erosion or human impacts? Such and Ethics for Museum Train respond to the transmitter signal while bur considerations are likely to affect marker ing Programs. ied hut upon excavation seemedtohe func placement. Second, Whitlam recommends tioning properly. After discussing the prob implanting more than one marker at each lem with the manufacturer's representa site to protect against possible malfunc Rome Prize Fellowships tives, Whitlam concluded that the marker tions or unforeseen complications. Third, in Preservation/ probably had been buried at an angle that he suggests conducting a trial run with a prevented its internal antenna from re transmitter immediately after implanting Conservation flecting the transmitter signal. markers to confirm strong signal response. Rome Prize fellowships for Finally, since Whitlam believes that EMS Based on project results, Whitlam re 1999-2000 will include two six- is most effective as a supplement to stan gards EMS as an important addition to dard maps and GPS data, he urges that month fellowships in historic standard site documentation techniques permanent site file records should include preservation/conservation. such as maps, GPS and photographs. He EMS locations. Postmark deadline for appli also believes that EMS' unique capabilities cations is November 16. make it particularly suitable for several Overall, the project demonstrated po For more information, specialized site management applications. tential uses of EMS in cultural resource contact the Programs Depart EMS is a useful alternative, for example, to management. In conjunction with other ment, American. Academy, in standard above-ground markers that can advanced technologies, EMS offers arche Rome, 7 East 60th Street, New ologists and cultural resource management be lost or vandalized. At sites threatened by York, NY 10022-1001; tele specialists an important new tool for moni soil erosion or human impacts, EMS mark phone 212/751-7200, facsimile ers provide archeologists with fixed refer toring archeological sites. 212/751-7220, Web
sidered for the treatment tographs must accompany the Save Outdoor Sculpture! awards. SOS! 2000 Assessment completed form. Awards are available to fund SOS! is a joint project of Save Outdoor Sculpture! will conservation treatment of de this first step. the Smithsonian's American offer three opportunities to teriorating sculptures. Appli SOS! 2000 Catalogue Art Museum and Heritage communities to conserve local cants may be nonprofit orga Raisonne, an illustrated online Preservation. For SOS! 2000 outdoor sculpture as part of nizations, state or local gov directory of selected sculptures Conservation Treatment the White House Millenium ernment agencies and tribes. in need of conservation treat Award guidelines, processing Council's Save America's A minimum of one award will ment, was created as a resource information and deadlines, Treasures initiative. be made in each state and the to help potential donors select contact SOS! at 888/SOS- SOS! 2000 Treatment District of Columbia. "good citizen" millenium SCULP. Awards, sponsored by Target Needy sculptures must projects. Contact SOS! for a Stores and the National En first undergo a professional form to nominate up to five dowment for the Arts, will f u nd condition assessment to be con- needy sculptures. Color pho
[1 0) NCPTT NOTES — National Center For Preservation Technology and Training The Savannah Symposium Colors (or a New Nation on the City Square October "29-30 Washington, DC February 25-27 Mason Neck, Virginia Savannah, Georgia Color in the broad context of early American life is the topic of The Department of Architectural History at the Savannah this two-day symposium. Presentations and demonstrations will College of Art and Design announces a symposium on the history cover the evolution of color technology and media; twentieth- of city squares and public urban spaces from the ancient world century perceptions of early American colors; pigment, paint to the present, and invites proposals for presentations. The and wallpaper production and use; faux finishes; and eighteenth symposium has three objectives — to gather recent research on and early nineteenth century decorative schemes, including the city square across historical and geographic boundaries and furnishings. v multidisciplinary approaches, to discuss research on the Savan The symposium is sponsored by Carlyle House Historic nah plan, and to provide a forum for discussing the contempo Park, Gunston Hall Plantation and the Octagon Museum. For rary role of the city square. Deadline for presentation proposals more information, contact Susan Borchardt, Gunston Hall is November I. Plantation, Mason Neck, VA 22079; telephone 703/550-9220. To submit proposals for presentations or for more informa tion, contact David Gobel or Robin Williams, Department of Architectural History, Savannah College of Art and Design, POB 3146, Savannah, GA 31402-3146; telephone 912/-231- tion. Washington,DC: American 2373, facsimile 912/238-2428, e-mail
OCTOBER 1998 — Number 27 © NATIONAL PARK SERVICE PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING BOARD Director Our Mission Robert G. Stanton Chair Dr. Elizabeth A. Lyon United States Department of Associate Director, Cultural Resource the Interior Stewardship and Partnerships Vice Chair The mission of the Department of the Katherine II. Stevenson Robert Z. Melnick, FASLA Interior is to protect and provide ac School of Architecture and Allied Arts University of Oregon cess to our NatioiTs natural and cul NCPTT tural heritage and to honor our trust Secretary of the Interior's representative responsibilities to tribes. Executive Director E. Rlaine Cliver John Rabbins Historic American Building Survey/ National Park Service john_robbins@neptt .nps.gov Historic American Engineering Record The National Park Service preserves National Park Service Information Management Coordinator unimpaired the natural and cultural *: Mary S. Carroll resources and values of the National [email protected] Dr. Neville Agnew Park System for the enjoyment, edu Getty Conservation Institute cation and inspiration of this and fu Information Management Associate Patricia JL Gay ture generations. The Service cooper Lance Ellis Preservation Resource Center of New Orleans ates with partners to extend the ben Information Management Assistant efits of natural and cultural resource Nicholas Gianopulos Jeff Fabian conservation and outdoor recreation Keast and Hood Company * throughout this country and the world. Research Coordinator Dr. Alferdteen R. Harrison Dr. Mark Gilberg Margaret Walker Alexander National Research [email protected] National Center for Preservation ('enter, Jackson State University Technology and Training Research Associate - Dr. James K. Huhta The National Center for Preservation Daniel Vivian The Center for Historic Preservation Technology and Trainingpromotes and Middle Tennessee State University Materials Research Program Manager enhances the preservation of prehis Dr. Mary F. Striegel Dr. W. James Judge toric and historic resources in the [email protected] Department of Anthropology United States for present and future Fort Eewis College generations through the advancement MRP Associates Christy McAvoy and dissemination of preservation tech • Dr. Gillian Rudd Historic Resources Group nology and training. Kevin Amnions F. Rlair Reeves, FAIA NCPTT, created by Congress, is MRP Fellow School of Architecture an interdisciplinary effort by the Na ElizaReth Rede University of Florida tional Park Service to advance the art, craft and science of historic preserva MRP Assistant Carolyn L. Rose Wendy Lott Department of Anthropology tion in thefiebds of archeology, historic National Museum of Natural History architecture, historic landscapes, ob Training Coordinator Smithsonian Institution jects and materials conservation, and Frances Gale K interpretation. NCPTT serves public [email protected] Frank Emile Sanchis, HI and private practitioners through re National Trust for Historic Preservation Training Assistant search, education and information Sheila Richmond management. Publications Manager Sarah R. Luster
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