How to Choose a Political Party
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Green Parties and Elections to the European Parliament, 1979–2019 Green Par Elections
Chapter 1 Green Parties and Elections, 1979–2019 Green parties and elections to the European Parliament, 1979–2019 Wolfgang Rüdig Introduction The history of green parties in Europe is closely intertwined with the history of elections to the European Parliament. When the first direct elections to the European Parliament took place in June 1979, the development of green parties in Europe was still in its infancy. Only in Belgium and the UK had green parties been formed that took part in these elections; but ecological lists, which were the pre- decessors of green parties, competed in other countries. Despite not winning representation, the German Greens were particularly influ- enced by the 1979 European elections. Five years later, most partic- ipating countries had seen the formation of national green parties, and the first Green MEPs from Belgium and Germany were elected. Green parties have been represented continuously in the European Parliament since 1984. Subsequent years saw Greens from many other countries joining their Belgian and German colleagues in the Euro- pean Parliament. European elections continued to be important for party formation in new EU member countries. In the 1980s it was the South European countries (Greece, Portugal and Spain), following 4 GREENS FOR A BETTER EUROPE their successful transition to democracies, that became members. Green parties did not have a strong role in their national party systems, and European elections became an important focus for party develop- ment. In the 1990s it was the turn of Austria, Finland and Sweden to join; green parties were already well established in all three nations and provided ongoing support for Greens in the European Parliament. -
Green Party Constitution 2015
Green Party Constitution 2015 (Following the Annual Convention 28 March 2015) Table of Contents 1. Name 2. Principles o 2.1 Basic Philosophy o 2.2 Socio-economic o 2.3 Political 3. Objective 4. Membership 5. Organisation o 5.1 Dail Constituency Groups o 5.2 Regional Groups o 5.3 Policy Council o 5.4 Standing Committees o 5.5 Executive Committee: Tasks o 5.6 Executive Committee: Composition o 5.7 Party Leader o 5.8 The Dail Party o 5.9 Appeals Committee o 5.10 Cathaoirleach 6. Decision-making and Policy Development 7. National Conventions 8. Finance 9. Public Representatives 10. Revision of Constitution and Standing Orders 11. Operative Date and 12. Transition INDEX 1. NAME The name shall be the Green Party - Comhaontas Glas hereinafter referred to as the Party. 2. PRINCIPLES In these principles we assert the interdependence of all life, and the role of the Green movement in establishing appropriate relationships in this web of interdependence. While respecting the human person, we recognise and celebrate our interdependence with other species. We oppose the destructive processes which are destroying our planet. We favour a balanced and sustainable system of production and utilisation of resources, keeping account of real costs. The task before us is to transform the vision of continued viable life on earth into reality. 2.1 Basic Philosophy 2.1.1 The impact of society on the environment should not be ecologically disruptive. 2.1.2 Conservation of resources is vital to a sustainable society. 2.1.3 We have the responsibility to pass the Earth on to our successors in a fit and healthy state. -
Peace, Propaganda, and the Promised Land
1 MEDIA EDUCATION F O U N D A T I O N 60 Masonic St. Northampton, MA 01060 | TEL 800.897.0089 | [email protected] | www.mediaed.org Peace, Propaganda & the Promised Land U.S. Media & the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Transcript (News clips) Narrator: The Israeli-Palestinian conflict dominates American news coverage of International issues. Given the news coverage is America's main source of information on the conflict, it becomes important to examine the stories the news media are telling us, and to ask the question, Does the news reflect the reality on the ground? (News clips) Prof. Noam Chomsky: The West Bank and the Gaza strip are under a military occupation. It's the longest military occupation in modern history. It's entering its 35th year. It's a harsh and brutal military occupation. It's extremely violent. All the time. Life is being made unlivable by the population. Gila Svirsky: We have what is now quite an oppressive regime in the occupied territories. Israeli's are lording it over Palestinians, usurping their territory, demolishing their homes, exerting a very severe form of military rule in order to remain there. And on the other hand, Palestinians are lashing back trying to throw off the yoke of oppression from the Israelis. Alisa Solomon: I spent a day traveling around Gaza with a man named Jabra Washa, who's from the Palestinian Center for Human Rights and he described the situation as complete economic and social suffocation. There's no economy, the unemployment is over 60% now. Crops can't move. -
THE RISE of COMPETITIVE AUTHORITARIANISM Steven Levitsky and Lucan A
Elections Without Democracy THE RISE OF COMPETITIVE AUTHORITARIANISM Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way Steven Levitsky is assistant professor of government and social studies at Harvard University. His Transforming Labor-Based Parties in Latin America is forthcoming from Cambridge University Press. Lucan A. Way is assistant professor of political science at Temple University and an academy scholar at the Academy for International and Area Studies at Harvard University. He is currently writing a book on the obstacles to authoritarian consolidation in the former Soviet Union. The post–Cold War world has been marked by the proliferation of hy- brid political regimes. In different ways, and to varying degrees, polities across much of Africa (Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbab- we), postcommunist Eurasia (Albania, Croatia, Russia, Serbia, Ukraine), Asia (Malaysia, Taiwan), and Latin America (Haiti, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru) combined democratic rules with authoritarian governance during the 1990s. Scholars often treated these regimes as incomplete or transi- tional forms of democracy. Yet in many cases these expectations (or hopes) proved overly optimistic. Particularly in Africa and the former Soviet Union, many regimes have either remained hybrid or moved in an authoritarian direction. It may therefore be time to stop thinking of these cases in terms of transitions to democracy and to begin thinking about the specific types of regimes they actually are. In recent years, many scholars have pointed to the importance of hybrid regimes. Indeed, recent academic writings have produced a vari- ety of labels for mixed cases, including not only “hybrid regime” but also “semidemocracy,” “virtual democracy,” “electoral democracy,” “pseudodemocracy,” “illiberal democracy,” “semi-authoritarianism,” “soft authoritarianism,” “electoral authoritarianism,” and Freedom House’s “Partly Free.”1 Yet much of this literature suffers from two important weaknesses. -
ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions. -
Rule-Of-Law.Pdf
RULE OF LAW Analyze how landmark Supreme Court decisions maintain the rule of law and protect minorities. About These Resources Rule of law overview Opening questions Discussion questions Case Summaries Express Unpopular Views: Snyder v. Phelps (military funeral protests) Johnson v. Texas (flag burning) Participate in the Judicial Process: Batson v. Kentucky (race and jury selection) J.E.B. v. Alabama (gender and jury selection) Exercise Religious Practices: Church of the Lukumi-Babalu Aye, Inc. v. City of Hialeah (controversial religious practices) Wisconsin v. Yoder (compulsory education law and exercise of religion) Access to Education: Plyer v. Doe (immigrant children) Brown v. Board of Education (separate is not equal) Cooper v. Aaron (implementing desegregation) How to Use These Resources In Advance 1. Teachers/lawyers and students read the case summaries and questions. 2. Participants prepare presentations of the facts and summaries for selected cases in the classroom or courtroom. Examples of presentation methods include lectures, oral arguments, or debates. In the Classroom or Courtroom Teachers/lawyers, and/or judges facilitate the following activities: 1. Presentation: rule of law overview 2. Interactive warm-up: opening discussion 3. Teams of students present: case summaries and discussion questions 4. Wrap-up: questions for understanding Program Times: 50-minute class period; 90-minute courtroom program. Timing depends on the number of cases selected. Presentations maybe made by any combination of teachers, lawyers, and/or students and student teams, followed by the discussion questions included in the wrap-up. Preparation Times: Teachers/Lawyers/Judges: 30 minutes reading Students: 60-90 minutes reading and preparing presentations, depending on the number of cases and the method of presentation selected. -
Professionalization of Green Parties?
Professionalization of Green parties? Analyzing and explaining changes in the external political approach of the Dutch political party GroenLinks Lotte Melenhorst (0712019) Supervisor: Dr. A. S. Zaslove 5 September 2012 Abstract There is a relatively small body of research regarding the ideological and organizational changes of Green parties. What has been lacking so far is an analysis of the way Green parties present them- selves to the outside world, which is especially interesting because it can be expected to strongly influence the image of these parties. The project shows that the Dutch Green party ‘GroenLinks’ has become more professional regarding their ‘external political approach’ – regarding ideological, or- ganizational as well as strategic presentation – during their 20 years of existence. This research pro- ject challenges the core idea of the so-called ‘threshold-approach’, that major organizational changes appear when a party is getting into government. What turns out to be at least as interesting is the ‘anticipatory’ adaptations parties go through once they have formulated government participation as an important party goal. Until now, scholars have felt that Green parties are transforming, but they have not been able to point at the core of the changes that have taken place. Organizational and ideological changes have been investigated separately, whereas in the case of Green parties organi- zation and ideology are closely interrelated. In this thesis it is argued that the external political ap- proach of GroenLinks, which used to be a typical New Left Green party but that lacks governmental experience, has become more professional, due to initiatives of various within-party actors who of- ten responded to developments outside the party. -
Framework Agreement Between the Swedish Social Democratic Party, the Moderate Party, the Swedish Green Party, the Centre Party and the Christian Democrats
Framework agreement between the Swedish Social Democratic Party, the Moderate Party, the Swedish Green Party, the Centre Party and the Christian Democrats Pillars Sweden’s energy policy should build on the same three pillars as energy cooperation in the EU. The policy therefore aims to combine: • ecological sustainability • competitiveness • security of supply Sweden must have a robust electricity network with high security of supply and low environmental impact, and offer electricity at competitive prices. This creates a long- term perspective and clarity for actors in the market and helps generate new jobs and investment in Sweden. The energy policy is based on the fact that Sweden is closely linked to its neighbours in northern Europe, and aims to find joint solutions to challenges in the common electricity market. Targets By 2045, Sweden is to have no net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and should thereafter achieve negative emissions. The target by 2040 is 100 per cent renewable electricity production. This is a target, not a deadline for banning nuclear power, nor does mean closing nuclear power plants through political decisions. An energy-efficiency target for the period 2020 to 2030 will be produced and adopted no later than 2017. Conditions on the Swedish electricity market Better conditions are needed for investments in renewable energy, energy technologies and energy efficiency. Development of the energy system should be based on a variety of large- and small-scale renewable production that is tailored to local and industrial needs. One major challenge is converting energy policy from focusing almost exclusively on the amount of energy delivered (TWh) to also ensuring sufficient output (MW). -
ALLIANCE 90/THE GREENS: Party Program and Principles the Future Is Green
The future is green. ALLIANCE 90/THE GREENS: Party Program and Principles The future is green. ALLIANCE 90/THE GREENS: Party Program and Principles Preamble 7 I. Our values 7 Ecology is sustainability 8 Freedom is realised through self-determination 8 Extending equitability 9 Democracy is the basis 10 The touchstone of our values: Human rights and non-violence 11 II. Challenges in a changing world 12 III. Where we come from – who we are 16 IV. Twelve for 2020 17 Towards the ecological age 18 I. The fundamental principles of our environmental policy 19 II. Sustainable development as a principle for action 20 III. Economical use of resources and the efficiency revolution 21 IV. Ecology and lifestyle 22 V. New energy – from the fossil and nuclear age to the solar future 22 A key project: Towards the solar age 24 Sustainable development in towns and local areas 25 VI. Environmentally-friendly traffic systems 27 A key project: Ecologically mobile 29 1 The future is green. VII. Nature and landscape conservancy 30 VIII. Animals need rights 31 IX. A global perspective for the environment and development 32 Towards an ecological and social market economy 34 I. The foundations of our economic policy 35 A key project: The future of a united Germany 38 II. Market economy and regulative policy 39 A key project: Transparency for consumers 40 III. Ecological fiscal reform 40 IV. Consumer protection 41 V. The knowledge economy 41 VI. Regional economies 42 A key project: A new form of agriculture 43 VII. A sustainable fiscal policy 45 VIII. -
Section 1 Political Parties and Accountability Establishment, Constitution, Transparency § 1
Federal Act on the Financing of Political Parties (Political Parties Act 2012 [Parteiengesetz 2012]) Federal Law Gazette I No. 56/2012 Section 1 Political parties and accountability Establishment, constitution, transparency § 1. (Constitutional provision) (1) The existence and diversity of political parties are key elements of the Republic of Austria's democratic order (Art. 1 of the Federal Constitutional Law, Federal Law Gazette No. 1/1930). (2) A political party is a permanently organised association which, through common activities, aims at comprehensively influencing the national decision-making process, in particular by participating in elections for general representative bodies and the European Parliament, and whose constitution has been deposited with the Federal Ministry of the Interior. (3) Political parties may be freely established, unless the Federal Constitutional Law provides otherwise. Their activities shall not be subject to any restrictions by particular legal provisions. (4) The political parties shall resolve on their constitutions, which they shall deposit with the Federal Ministry of the Interior. The political party shall obtain legal personality upon deposit of the constitution. The constitutions shall be published by the political parties on the Internet in an appropriate manner. The constitutions shall, in particular, contain details of 1. the executive bodies or officers of the party and their power of representation, with a manager or managing body, a members’ meeting and a supervisor or supervisory body having to be provided for in any event, 2. the rights and obligations of the members, 3. the structure of the party, 4. provisions on the voluntary dissolution of the political party. (5) Political parties can notify the Federal Ministry of the Interior of their voluntary dissolution. -
Noam Chomsky: Turning the Tide
NOAM CHOMSKY TURNING THE TIDE US Intervention in Central America and the Struggle for Peace ESSENTIAL CLASSICS IN POLITICS: NOAM CHOMSKY EB 0007 ISBN 0 7453 1345 0 London 1999 The Electric Book Company Ltd Pluto Press Ltd 20 Cambridge Drive 345 Archway Rd London SE12 8AJ, UK London N6 5AA, UK www.elecbook.com www.plutobooks.com © Noam Chomsky 1999 Limited printing and text selection allowed for individual use only. All other reproduction, whether by printing or electronically or by any other means, is expressly forbidden without the prior permission of the publishers. This file may only be used as part of the CD on which it was first issued. TURNING THE TIDE US Intervention in Central America and the Struggle for Peace Noam Chomsky 4 Copyright 1985 by Noam Chomsky Manufactured in the USA Production at South End Press, Boston Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Chomsky, Noam Turning the tide. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Central America—Politics and government—1979- . 2. Violence—Central America—History—20th century. 3. Civil rights—Central America—History—20th century. 4. Central America—Foreign relations—United States. 5. United States— Foreign relations—Central America. I. Title F1 436. 8. U6 1985 327. 728073 ISBN: 0-7453-0184-3 Digital processing by The Electric Book Company 20 Cambridge Drive, London SE12 8AJ, UK www.elecbook.com Classics in Politics: Turning the Tide Noam Chomsky 5 Contents Click on number to go to page Introduction................................................................................. 8 1. Free World Vignettes .............................................................. 11 1. The Miseries of Traditional Life.............................................. 15 2. Challenge and Response: Nicaragua...................................... -
The Charter and Constitution of the Australian Greens May 2020 Charter
The Charter and Constitution of the Australian Greens May 2020 Charter .......................................................................................................................................................................3 Basis of The Charter ..............................................................................................................................................3 Ecology ..................................................................................................................................................................3 Democracy.............................................................................................................................................................3 Social Justice .........................................................................................................................................................3 Peace ....................................................................................................................................................................3 An Ecologically Sustainable Economy ....................................................................................................................4 Meaningful Work ....................................................................................................................................................4 Culture ...................................................................................................................................................................4