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Presente En Los Principales Linajes De Tetrápodos Vivientes

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Presente En Los Principales Linajes De Tetrápodos Vivientes !"#$%&'(&)*"&%$+$,-'."*+*%/*'*%',&+'."0%10.$,*+' ,0%$2*+''3*'/*/"4.&3&+'5050*%/*+' 6*.7,0&)&".8$'9:$%/8"$1&+$;"0$<=-'>.$"*1*%'1&+7,,$+')4+'3*+$""&,,$3$+?'@;*'*%)$"1$%'*,'1&%/&"%&'3*,'.*18&'*%' 50+/$'/"$%+5*"+$,A'B"0#*%'3*',$'5*%7,$10C%'1&+/$,A'D&')4+'E&)E*&'E;1$,' $%/*"0&"' FFFFFFFFFF' G%/*"/*).&"$,'$H%'."*+*%/*'9$;+*%/*'*%'$)%0&/&+='' Arco neural ancho, como amniotos basales Otrs anthracosauria basales, posibles ancestros de amniotos: Bruktererpeton (gephyrostegid), Eoherpeton Seymouriamorfos: Ya no hay flexibilidad de la zona de la mejilla respecto al techo craneal !"#$%&'()-'+I;,,'"&&J'+&,03,K' $L$18*3'/&'/8*'18**I' Seymouriidae, los seymouriamofos más terrestres M$K',$"5$-'N$,/$'$H%'.$"$'*,'8;*5&' $)%0C71&O' Proceso transverso del pterygoideo: synapomorfía con amniotos Aún hay intertemporal Seymouriamorfos acuáticos P0*"3*%'*,' 0%/*"/*).&"$,?' +*)*2$%/*'$',&' &1;""03&'*%' Q*.&+.&%3K,&+'K' R*)%&+.&%3K,&+' 3*"05$3&+' S"$%3*+'1&,)0,,&+'3*,'.$,$3$"-'T*+$.$"*1*%'*%'Q0)%&+1*,03$*' T*%3"**".*/&%'9/*)%&+.&%3K,=' P"&/*"&#K"0%;+' U*#$,&1*.8$,;+' 9:$%/8"$1&+$;"<=' 9+/*)' %*&/*/"$.&3$='' DIADECTOMORPHA DOS vertebras sacrales en vez de 1 sola! A diferencia de Seymouriamorfa, no hay trazas de linea lateral Presencia de GARRAS (excavador?) Expansión del supraoccipital, como en amniotos basales Noción parafilética albumina Q&+'$)%0&/&+'."*+*%/$%'' "*."&3;110C%'*%'7*""$'.&"'' J*1;%3$10C%'0%/*"%$' V,'8;*5&'1,*03&01&'*+'' +*)0.*")*$E,*'K'.*")0/*'' ,$'&5&.&+010C%'J;*"$'3*,'' $#;$A'VW0+/*'3*+$""&,,&'' 30"*1/&'+0%'*/$.$',$"5$,',0E"*A' V,'8;*5&'."&5**'+;'."&.0&'18$"1&' 9:>+0)0,$10C%'3*,')*30&<=' (Albumen) En amniotos, el desarrollo de las extremidades ocurre notablemente más temprano que en anfibios (en anfibios es un evento tardío asociado a metamorfosis, no embriogénesis) (Tarea: y en pletodontidos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napsida Synapsida Diapsida “Parapsida” o “Euryapsida” (Diapsida modificados) ^`D>P^GTB^-' (BQ(V6VUB^'>'VQQB^O' Los amniotos mas antiguos conocidos ya tienen afinidad especificamente con los reptilia, indicando que ya habian aparecido todos los atributos generales de amniotos modernos (corona) EXPANSION DEL SUPRAOCCIPITAL (desde diadectomorpha) Hyomandibular (estribo) robusto Pérdida del intertemporal, expansion lateral del parietal *($+%,-".(,/ D&'8$K'1&,)0,,&+'3*,'.$,$3$"-':$,*/$<'/"$%+5*"+$,'3*,'./*"K#&03*&' 9K$'."*+*%/*'*%'+*K)&;"0$=' :,$E*"0%/&3&%/*<'/*)."$%&'U*#$,&1*.8$,;+'9a$.8*73$*=' Ancho del arco neural: discusión Vuelve el escapulo-coracoide! 3 centros de osificacion (2 coracoides) Interclavicula forma de “T” Origen del astragalo (tibiale + carpales) Nomenclatura de fenestras temporales en amniotos PARAREPTILIA / CROWN REPTILIA: conceptos variables T&+'.&+0E,*+'.&+010&%*+'.$"$' 6*.7,0$'9#";.&'1&"&%$=' U0*%/"$+'%&'+*'"*+;*,5$?' /&3&+')*%&+'*,'%&3&'I' .;*3*%'+*"'+/*)e"*.7,*+'*%' 5*['3*'"*.7,*+' ^$,5&''*,'%&3&'2?'K'$,#;%$+' >%$.+03$'F'P$"$"*.7,0$'9b$/'/8*'+03*'&J' *W1*.10&%*+'9)0,,*"*73$*?' E&,&+$;"03$*='?'/&3&+'*%'*+/*' "*.7,*+b='$'+;E1,$++'&"'1,$3*'&J'"*.7,*+''c8018' $"E&,'%&'7*%*%'J*%*+/"$+' $"*'5$"0&;+,K'3*X%*3'$+'$%'*W7%1/'#"&;.'&J' /*).&"$,*+-'*+',$'1&%3010C%' ."0)075*'$%$.+03+?'&"'$')&"*'1,$30+71$,,K' .,*+0&)C"X1$A' 1&""*1/'$,/*"%$75*'/&'>%$.+03$A'd8*/8*"'/8*' /*")'0+'5$,03'3*.*%3+'&%'/8*'.8K,&#*%*71' .&+07&%'&J'/;"/,*+?'/8*'"*,$7&%+80.+'&J'c8018' /&'&/8*"'"*.7,0$%'#"&;.+'$"*'+7,,';%1*"/$0%A' 6*.7,0$-'_"&c%e#"&;.' S";.&+'5050*%/*+-' eR*+/;30%$/$'9/&"/;#$+=' Q&+'304.+03&+'9+*#;"&+=-' e>"1&+$;"0$'9_&1&3"0,&+'f'$5*+=A''' eQ*.03&+$;"0$'9,$#$"72$+?'0%1,;K*%3&',$+'+*".0*%/*+=' ^K%$.&)&"g$+-'' eN;%3$)*%/$,)*%/*'30;"%&+'9%&'1&)&'$%XE0&+'K'30.%&0=' eVW1*,*%/*'50+0&%'3*'1&,&"*+?'5$"0$+'"8&.3&.+0%$+A''93*%/"&'3*'+$"1&./*"K#0$?'+C,&',&+')&%&+?'$3*)4+'3*'*,,&+=' eN&1&'"4.03&-'_\,;,$+'*+/"0$3$+'+*'0%+*"/$%'*%'*,'1"0+/$,0%&'*%';%'30$#%C+71&'$%0,,&'*1;$/&"0$,' eN0E"$+'*+/"0$3$+'*%'*,'0"0+'?'"*+.;*+/$'"4.03$'$'1$)E0&+'*%'%05*,*+'3*',;[' eU*)E"$%$'%017/$%/*'$,/$)*%/*')C50,?'h*"'.4".$3&' 6*+0+/*%'3*+*1$10C%' e^0%/*7[$%'4103&'H"01&'*%'*,'8Y#$3&A'P;*3*'+*"'*W1"*/$3&'1&%');K'.&1&',Y@;03&'9*2A'>5*+=A'Q&+'"0i&%*+'.*")0/*%' *,'.$+&'3*'#"$%3*+'1"0+/$,*+'3*';"*$A'P&+**%';%'+0+/*)$'*+.*10$,?'$,/$)*%/*'*X10*%/*'3*'"*1;.*"$10C%'3*'+$,*+A' eP0*,'$,/$)*%/*'@;*"$7%0[$3$?')*%&+'#,$%3;,$"'@;*')$)YJ*"&+'K'$%XE0&+A'P"*+*%10$'3*'P80e@;*"$7%$+'' Q&+'U*+&+$;"03$*'*"$%')$"0%&+'K'1&%+7/;K*%'*,'"*#0+/"&')4+'/*)."$%&'' 3*',$'"*5*"+0C%'3*';%'$)%0&/&'$'5050"'*%'*,'$#;$A'^;+'JC+0,*+'+*'8$%'' *%1&%/"$3&'*%'*,'1$"E&%YJ*"&'/$"3Y&'K'.\")01&'/*)."$%&'' Q&+'6*.7,0$'0%1,;K*'$'/&3&+',&+' 3*+1*%30*%/*+'3*,'$%1*+/"&' 1&)H%')4+'"*10*%/*'3*',&+' "*.7,*+'5050*%/*+A'_&)."*%3*' /"*+'#";.&+'5050*%/*+' 1,$"$)*%/*'30+7%#;0E,*+-' R*+/;30%*+''9/&"/;#$+=?'' Q*.03&+$;"0$'9,$#$"/&+'K' +*".0*%/*+='K'>"18&+$;"0$'' 91"&1&3K,0$f$5*+=A' MILLERETIDAE: Reduccion/perdida barra temporal inferior Timpano, pero no parece homologo >1,*0+/&"80%03$*-'1"$%0$,''&"%$)*%/$7&%'1&%+0+/+'&J'+.$"+*'$%3'+8$,,&c' 10"1;,$"'30).,*+Ajkl' P"&1&,&J&%03&+'K'P$"*0$+$;"0&+'+*' .$"*1*%'$'/&"/;#$+'*%',$'."*+*%10$'3*' ;%'."*J"&%/$,'"&E;+/&'$.&K$%3&'*,' /*18&'3*,'1"$%*&'$%/*"0&"''+&E"*'*,' .$,$3$"'' Emarginacion del cuadrado, hyoides grácil: timpano R8*'&"0#0%'&J'P$"*0$+$;"+'"*)$0%+'+.*1;,$75*' osteodermos Hyoides grácil: tímpano Tienne hyoides delgado, sugiriendo la presencia de timpano ^0%'*)E$"#&?'*W0+/*'1&%/"&5*"+0$'+&E"*',$'.&+010C%'E$+$,'3*',$+'/&"/;#$+'9"*."*+*%/$3$' *%'*,'4"E&,':><=A'P&3"Y$%'+*"'304.+03&+'@;*'+*1;%3$"0$)*%/*'.*"30*"&%'+;+'$.*"/;"$+' 1"$%*$,*+A'>,#;%&+'*+/;30&+')&"J&,C#01&+'1&%+03*"$%'@;*'+&%'304.+03&+'1*"1$%&+'$',&+' Q*.03&+$;"0$'9$"E&,'a=?')0*%/"$+'@;*',$'*503*%10$')&,*1;,$"'"*.*73$)*%/*'8$'+*i$,$3&' @;*'+&%'304.+03&+'1*"1$%$+'$',&+'>"18&+$;"0$'94"E&,*+'_'K'T?'H,7)$)*%/*'+C,&'_=' DC/*+*'@;*'*%'a?'_'K'T?''T0$.+03$'+*"Y$'+0%C%0)&'3*'6*.7,0$' Las Testudines (tortugas) poseen un amplio registro fósil, a partir del Triásico. Presentan un caparazón dorsal fusionado a las costillas y un plastron ventral. La cintura pectoral (escapula, coracoide) se ubica debajo de las costillas y tiene dos “aristas” que dan una apariencia triradiada al cinturón pectoral. La cintura pélvica también tiene apariencia triradiada. El rostro posee un pico córneo anterior Por ventral, los nueve huesos el plastron tiene un origen embriológico totalmente distinto, a partir de células de la cresta neural del tronco (único tetrápodo en que se conoce hueso de cresta troncal) Son huesos membarnosos, posiblemente homólogos a gastralia (costillas ventrales) La forma en que esconden la cabeza define los dos grupos vivientes principales: Pleurodira (retraen la cabeza lateralmente) y Cryptodira (retraen la cabeza verticalmente). Ambos grupos también se diferencian por la musculatura de las mandíbulas (con una troclea (polea) a partir de un proceso de la capsula ótica, pleurodira; o del pterygoideo, cryptodira) Los Casichelydia presentan además el desarrollo de un a cámara ótica alrededor del oído medio. TESTUDINATA: Tortugas modernas (corona), son todos los descendientes del ACMR de Pleurodiras y Cryptodiras Proganochelys: no tiene uno ni lo otro (polaridad?) Pleuro Crypto Kayentachelys muestra el arreglo de musculatura cryptodira, indicando que ésta es la condición ancestral, que fue modificada en pleurodira (contra la típica suposición de que cada arreglo apareció por separado: lección sobre homología!!) Cryptodira Pleurodira Vivientes: Vivientes: Testudinoidea (incluye terrestres) Chelonoidea (tortugas marinas) -Pelomedusidae (3 generos) Trionychidae (caparazón blando) -Chelidae (12 generos) En tortugas, el prefrontal comunica el techo del cráneo con el paladar Proganochelys por mucho tiempo fue la tortuga más antigua y basal conocida Reptil basal (“anápsido”) Pan-Testudinata (Apo-Clado): todos los descendientes del ACMR de tortugas con la primera forma que presenta caparazón (Proganochelys) Entre los rasgos primitivos de Proganochelys se encuentra la presencia de una cola alargada y un paladar con dientes unido “laxamente” al neurocráneo. En tortugas más derivadas el paladar se encuentra fusionado firmemente a la base del neurocráneo. Otras tortugas primitivas son las Australochelidae, de África y Sudamérica, que presentan colas largas. Proganochelys y las Austrochelidae además no podían esconder la cabeza dentro del caparazón. Proganochelys también posee una cintura pectoral que retiene la presencia de la clavícula
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