Index

A duodenal, 537 American Heart Association (AHA), 120 AAST. See American Association for the epidemiology of, 363Ð364 American Joint Committee on Cancer Surgery of Trauma pathology of, 362Ð363 (AJCC), 386, 462 Abdominal aortic aneurysms, 399Ð400 rectal, 365 American Medical Association, 729 Abdominal complications, 325Ð327 serrated, 368 American Society of Anesthesiologists Abdominal injuries, 327 surveillance of, 365Ð366 (ASA), 117, 171 Abdominal rectopexy, 666, 669Ð671 Adenomatous polyps, 356Ð357 American Society of Colon and Rectal Abdominal transsacral resection, 432 Adenosquamous carcinoma, 521 Surgeons (ASCRS), 120, 281, 353, Abdominal wall closure, 327 Adjuvant therapy, 428, 433, 437Ð443 390, 654, 703, 707, 767 Abdominoperineal resection (APR), 146, ADL. See Activities of daily living Amine precursor uptake and 413, 432 Adrenergic antagonists, 185 decarboxylation (APUD), 515 ligation/resection during, 419Ð422 Advance directives, 745Ð747 Amines, 516 mobilization during, 419 Advancement flaps, 182, 204, 217Ð219 Aminosalicylates, 555 position during, 419 Aeromonas, 607, 609Ð610 Amitriptyline (Elavil), 684 techniques of, 419Ð422 Age, 271, 386 Ammonium derivatives, 685 Abscess, 274, 279. See also Acute Agency for Health Care Policy and Amoxicillin, 124 suppuration; Anorectal abscess Research (AHCPR), 353, 354, 358 Ampicillin, 331, 416 enteroparietal, 592Ð593 AHA. See American Heart Association Amsterdam criteria, 529, 530 interloop, 593 AHCPR. See Agency for Health Care Anal agenesis, 17 intraabdominal, 151Ð152 Policy and Research Anal canal intramesenteric, 593 AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency anus and pilonidal disease, 229 syndrome) anatomic v. surgical, 1, 2 psoas/retroperitoneal, 593 diarrhea, 614Ð615 conjoined longitudinal muscle and, Absolute risk reduction (ARR), 772 HIV, 265Ð266 3Ð4 ACC. See American College of Cardiology AIN. See Anal intraepithelial neoplasia epithelium of, 2, 4 Accrediting Council for Graduate Medical AJCC. See American Joint Committee on external anal sphincter and, 2Ð3 Evaluation (ACGME), 782Ð783 Cancer innervation of, 7Ð8, 9 Aclovate¨. See Alclometasone dipropionate Alclometasone dipropionate (Aclovate¨), internal anal sphincter and, 2 Acromegaly, 344 252 muscles of, 2, 3 Actinomycosis, 607, 610 Alcohol, 271, 340 structure/anal verge, 1 Activities of daily living (ADL), 119 Aldosterone, 24Ð25 length of, 49 Acupressure, 132 Amebiasis, 612 neoplasms, EAUS and, 111Ð112 Acupuncture, 132 American Association for the Surgery of physiology of Acute colonic obstruction, 399 Trauma (AAST), 323, 327, 328, bulbocavernosus reflexes in, 35 Acute suppuration (abscess), 210 329, 331 cough reflexes in, 35 Acute thrombosis, 165 American Board of Colon and Rectal cutaneous-anal reflexes in, 34 Adenine, 525 Surgery, 783 mechanical factors in, 36Ð37 Adenocarcinomas, 356Ð357, 491Ð492 American Cancer Society, 353, 355, pathologic conditions in, 37Ð38 Adenoma(s), 533 390, 532 RAER in, 35Ð36 -carcinoma sequence, 364 American College of Cardiology RAIR in, 35, 36 clinical presentation of, 362 (ACC), 120 reflexes in, 34 depressed/flat, 367Ð368 American College of Surgeons, 782 sensory in, 34

795 796 Index

Anal cancer, 263Ð265 Angiography, 92Ð94, 304Ð305 Aristocort¨. See Triamcinolone acetonide anatomic considerations for, 482Ð483 Anisakiasis, 614 0.5% epidemiology of, 485 Anismus, 50 Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 520 etiology/pathogenesis of, 483Ð485 Anoperineum, 591Ð592 ARR. See Absolute risk reduction HIV-related, 495 Anorectal abscess Arteries, inferior/superior hemorrhoidal, 6 lymphatic drainage and, 483 anatomy of, 192, 193 Artificial bowel sphincter, 661 squarmous cell cancer of the anal canal evaluation/treatments for, 192Ð198 ASA. See American Society of clinical characteristics and, 488 pathophysiology of, 192, 193 Anesthesiologists evaluation of, 488Ð489 Anorectal agenesis, 17Ð18 Ascariasis, 613 staging and, 489 Anorectal angle ASCA testing, 551 treatments for, 489Ð491 defecography and, 49 ASCRS. See American Society of Colon terminology for, 483 flap valve and, 36 and Rectal Surgeons Anal dilatation ring, 13 ASCUS. See Atypical squamous cells of anal fissure and, 180 Anorectal defects, 17Ð18 indeterminate significance stretch, 165 Anorectal immunology, 256Ð257 Aspirin, 340Ð341 Anal diseases, 244 Anorectal infections, 197 Association of Surgeons (Netherlands), 782 Anal dysplasia, 483Ð485 Anorectal malformations (imperforate Astler Coller Modification, 386 Anal encirclement procedures, 659 anus), 16, 17, 716 Atropine, 605, 684 Anal fissure, 725 specific defects associated with Atypical squamous cells of indeterminate conclusions on, 188 females, 718Ð719, 721Ð722 significance (ASCUS), 263 Crohn’s disease and, 187 males, 717Ð718, 719, 720Ð721 Azathioprine (AZA), 557, 562 diagnosis of, 179 treatment results for, 722Ð723 Azulfidine¨. See Sulfasalazine epidemiology of, 178 Anorectal sepsis, 198 etiology of, 178Ð179 Anorectal spaces, 9Ð10 B HIV and, 187Ð188 Anorectal surgery, 171 Babies, 19, 719 low pressure, 187 Anoscopy Bacitracin, 617Ð618 management of complications associated with, 58 Bacterial infections, 242Ð243 advancement flaps in, 182 contraindications for, 57 Balantidiasis, 612 anal dilatation in, 180 indications for, 57, 58 Balloon conservative, 179 positioning in, 57 expulsion test, 51 LIS in, 180Ð182 preparations for, 57 training, 659 operative treatment in, 179 techniques for, 57Ð58 Balneol¨, 250 medical management of Anterior sacral meningoceles, 502Ð503 Balsalazide (Colazal¨), 556 adrenergic antagonists in, 185 Anterior sphincteroplasty, 659Ð660 BAM. See Bile acid malabsorption BT in, 182, 185Ð187 Anthracene, 681 Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, 381 calcium channel blockers in, 184Ð185 Antibiotic(s), 196, 222, 555Ð556, 561, Barium cholinergic agonists in, 185 587, 617Ð618. See also specific enemas, 75Ð76, 293, 355 phosphodiesterase inhibitors in, 182, drugs follow-through, 83 185 for colon/rectal injuries, 330Ð331 in physiologic testing, 47 sphincter relaxants in, 182 oral, 124 studies, 75 topical nitrates, 182Ð184 parenteral, 124 Barnet continent ileostomy reservoir symptoms of, 179 prophylaxis, 416 (BCIR), 571 Anal infections, 198 topical, 252 Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), 493 Anal intraepithelial dysplasia, 263Ð265 usage of, 122, 124, 126 Bascom cleft lift (Bascom II), 233Ð234 Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), 483 Antibodies, monoclonal, 470 Bascom I. See Midline pit excision Anal manometry, 656Ð657 Anticholinergics, 561, 684 Bascom II. See Bascom cleft lift Anal margin Anticoagulants, 416 Bascom’s chronic abscess curettage, perianal neoplasms/uncommon, 493Ð495 Anticoagulation, 135, 136 230Ð231 SCC of Antigens, 439 BCCs. See Basal cell carcinomas clinical characteristics of, 486 Antihistamines, 132, 240, 243, 251 BCIR. See Barnet continent ileostomy staging of, 487 Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody reservoir treatment options for, 487Ð488 (ANCA), 551 Behçet’s syndrome, 602, 603 Anal sphincter, 33, 34, 52 Antispasmodics, 29 Benadryl¨. See Diphenhydramine Anal stenosis, 17 APACHE (Acute physiology and chronic Bentyl. See Dicyclomine hydrochloride Anal tattooing, 253 health evaluation), 118 Benzathine penicillin, 260 ANCA. See Antineutrophil cytoplasmic Appendicitis, 276 Betadine, 634 antibody APR. See Abdominoperineal resection Betamethasone dipropionate (Diprolene¨), Anesthesia, 132. See also Patient-controlled APUD. See Amine precursor uptake and 252 anesthesia decarboxylation Betamethasone valerate cream (Valisone¨), Angiodysplasia, 301 Arc of Riolan, 15 252 Index 797

Bethanechol, 182 Calmoseptine¨, 252 Chlamydia trachomatis, 258Ð259 Bicarbonates, 25 Camphor, 252 Chloride, 25 Bile acid malabsorption (BAM), 605 Campylobacter, 607, 608 Cholecystectomy, 342 Bioethics, 737Ð739 Canadian Multicentre Colorectal Deep Vein Cholestyramine, 605, 618 Bipolar diathermy, 163Ð164 Thrombosis Prophylaxis, 135 Cholinergic agonists, 185 Bisacodyl, 681 Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Chronic pulmonary diseases, 121 Bisacodyl suppositories, 658 Examination, 767 Chronic suppuration (fistula), 210Ð211 Bismuth subsalicylate, 605 Cancer(s). See also specific cancers CHRPE. See Congenital hypertrophy of the Bladder injuries, 146 contrast studies of polyps/, 75Ð77 retinal pigment epithelium Bleeding, 273, 300 hereditary, 447 CI. See Confidence interval as anastomotic postoperative management/risks associated with, 381 Cidofovir, 486 complication, 142Ð143 MSI-H, 369 Ciprofloxacin, 124, 258, 556 pelvic plain films and, 70, 71 Circumferential resection margin intraabdominal abscess/wound synchronous, 389, 431 (CRM), 407 infection and, 151Ð152 uterine, 539 Citrucel. See Methylcellulose perineal wound infection and, Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB), Citrus bioflavonoids, 160Ð161 152Ð153 470, 491 CLASICC trial, 693, 696, 703 prophylaxis colonoscopy and, 63 Cancer Genetics Studies Consortium, 358 Clavulanic acid, 124 Blood Cancer Prevention Study II, 340 Clindamycin, 124 supply, 15 Capsaicin (Dolorac; Zostrix), 241, 252 Clinical pathways, 137Ð138 transfusions, 326, 386 Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Cloaca, 18, 718Ð719, 721Ð722 vessel invasion, 387 387Ð388, 446Ð447, 468 Clobetasol propionate (Temovate¨), 252 Bone metastasis, 475 Carcinoid syndrome, 516Ð517 Clostridium botulinum, 185 Botulinum toxin (BT), 182, 185Ð187 Cascara, 681 Clostridium difficile, 124, 561, 617Ð618 Bowel. See also Mechanical bowel Case presentations, 780Ð781 CMS. See Centers for Medicare and preparation Catheters Medicaid Services activity/diet resumption, 694Ð695 balloon, 634 CMV. See Cytomegalovirus continence, 33 drainage of, 194Ð195 Coagulopathy, 546 injury, radiation-induced, 615Ð617 flexible, 25 Coccygodynia, 690 motility, 33 Foley, 146 Cochrane Collaboration, 770 obstruction, 645 CCP. See Colitis cystica profunda Cochrane review, 123, 160, 168, 169, 616 early postoperative, 150 CD. See Crohn’s disease Codeine, 131 preparation, 122Ð123 CDC. See Centers for Disease Control Cohort studies, 765 for surgery, 415 CEA. See Carcinoembryonic antigen Colace. See Docusate sodium tissue interposition, 221, 222 Cecal volvulus Colazal¨. See Balsalazide Bowen’s disease, 485Ð486 clinical presentation of, 287Ð288 COLD. See Global Initiative for Chronic Brain metastasis, 475 diagnosis of, 288 Obstructive Lung Disease Britain Journal of Surgery, 768 epidemiology/incidence of, 287 Colectomy Brooke ileostomy, 569 etiology/pathogenesis of, 287 left, 398 Brucellosis, 607, 610 outcomes/treatments for, 288Ð289 outcomes for, 400Ð401 BT. See Botulinum toxin Cecum right, 396Ð397 Budesonide, 556, 560 colon and, 13 extended, 397Ð398 Bulbocavernosus reflexes, 35 incomplete attachment of, 19 sigmoid, 398Ð399 Bupivacaine Cefixime, 258 total abdominal, 399 with epinephrine, 253 Ceftriaxone, 258 Colestipol, 618 hydrochloride, 202 Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 258 Colitis Burow’s solution, 250, 252 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid bacterial, 606Ð607 Services (CMS), 355Ð356, 727 Clostridium difficile, 617Ð618 C Cephalosporin, 124, 331 CMV, 611Ð612 Calamine, 252 Cetuximab, 470 collagen vascular-associated, 602Ð604 Calcium Chancroid, 260 corrosive, 611 channel blockers, 184Ð185 Chemokines, 552 disinfectant, 611 effect of, 339Ð340 Chemoprevention, 377, 534, 536Ð537 diversion, 610 polycarbophil, 159Ð160, 161 Chemoradiation/Chemoradiotherapy eosinophilic, 606 Calcium dobesilate (calcium 2,5-dihydrox- preop, 440Ð441, 490Ð491 fungal, 606 ybenzenesulfonate), 161 postop, 438Ð439 HIV, 614Ð615 Calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon), 680 Chemotherapy, 428, 433, 519Ð520 HSV, 612 CALGB. See Cancer and Leukemia Group B adjuvant, 437Ð438, 442Ð443 indeterminate, 551 Calibration, 41 for liver metastasis, 468Ð470 ischemic, 601Ð602 California Cancer Registry, 485 systemic, 465 microscopic, 604Ð606 798 Index

Colitis (Continued) physiology of, 23Ð28 monitoring during, 63 mild-moderate conclusions on, 29 normal endoscopic anatomy and, distal, 560 surgeon and, 29 65Ð66 extensive, 560Ð561 repair, techniques of, 328 positioning in, 62 miscellaneous, 610Ð611 sigmoid, 14Ð15 preparations for, 63 parasitic, 612Ð614 small bowel and, 18 techniques for, 63Ð65 plain films and, 73Ð75 transverse, 14 Coloproctostomy, 622 toxic, 585Ð586 diverticular disease of, 278 Colorectal diseases, 118 viral, 611Ð612 Colon and colorectal cancer Colorectal disorders, pediatric, 723Ð725 See also Crohn’s disease; Ulcerative adjuvant chemotherapy for, 437Ð443 Colorectal neoplasms colitis node-negative disease (stage II), 438 detection of, 390Ð392 Colitis cystica profunda (CCP), 674Ð675 node-positive disease (stage III), future directions for, 358Ð359 Collaborative Group of the Americas 437Ð438 screening/risk classifications on Inherited Colorectal biochemical/genetic/histologic factors of, for, 353Ð358 Cancer, 532 387Ð388 Colorectal procedures, 122 Coloanal anastomosis, 423, 424 clinical presentation of, 385 Colorectal surgery, 723 Colon, 705 clinical prognostic factors of, 386Ð387 Colorectostomy, 622 appendix and, 14 CT of, 86, 47, 395 COLOR trial, 693 ascending, 14 dominantly inerited, 534Ð539 Colostomy, 329, 661, 719Ð720 atresia of, 19 epidemiology of, 335Ð337 endoscopically assisted, 635Ð636 blood supply and, 15 etiology of, 337Ð344 extraperitoneal, 627Ð628 cancer. See Colon and colorectal cancer laparoscopy and, 701 laparoscopic sigmoid, 636Ð637 cecum and, 13 locally advanced, 431 loop, 630Ð631 collateral circulation of, 15Ð16 metastatic closure technique, 633Ð634 congenital malformations of, 19Ð20 biology of, 462Ð464 maturation, end, 627 defecation/sensation of, 27Ð28 diagnosis/staging of, 464 transverse loop, 629Ð630 descending, 14 multidisciplinary evaluation of, 464 Compliance, 43, 44 diseases, 590Ð591 primary cancer management of, Compound volvulus. See Ileosigmoid duplications, 19 464Ð466, 467 knotting embryology of, 23 molecular basis of, 344Ð348 Computed tomography (CT), 85, 312Ð313, function of neoplasia, 276 451, 504, 548 metabolism/salvage/storage in, 24 prognostic/staging factors of, 385Ð386 colography, 355, 356 transport of electrolytes and, 24Ð25 recurrent, 431Ð432 of colon cancer, 395 general considerations for, 13 spreading patterns of, 388Ð390 colonography, 94Ð96 injuries, 323 summary on, 401 of colorectal cancer, 86, 447 anastomotic leaks and, 327Ð328 surgical management of, 395Ð401 of Crohn’s disease, 88Ð89 antibiotic prophylaxis for, 330Ð331 surveillance of diverticulitis, 86Ð87, 88 destructive, 324Ð325 cost of, 448 other colitides, 90Ð91 diagnosis of, 322Ð323 effectiveness of, 448 postoperative evaluation of, 90 epidemiology of, 322 QOL and, 448 of SBO, 89Ð90 nondestructive, 323Ð324 recommendations for, 448Ð449 scans, 148, 275, 406, 414 operative management of, 323Ð328 recurrent risks with, 447 Computer-based training, 783 wound management of, 330 types of, 446Ð447 Confidence interval (CI), 586, 773 injury scale, 323 See also Genetics Congenital cystic lesions, 512Ð513 innervation of, 16 Colonic volvulus Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal extrinsic, 23Ð24 introduction/historical perspective pigment epithelium intrinsic, 23Ð24 on, 286Ð287 (CHRPE), 373 laparoscopy and, 703 plain films and, 70Ð71, 72, 73 CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of lymphatic drainage and, 16 transverse, sigmoid, cecal Reporting Trials), 769 motility of clinical presentation of, 290 Constipation, 28 cellular basis for, 26 epidemiology/incidence of, 289Ð290 colonic inertia and, 681Ð683 characteristics of, 26Ð27 etiology/pathogenesis of, 290 etiology of, 678Ð679 methodology for determination outcomes/treatments for, 290Ð291 evaluation of, 679Ð680 of, 25Ð26 Colonoscope, 25 IBS and, 683Ð685 peristalsis and, 26 Colonoscopy, 303Ð304, 414 idiopathic, 723Ð724 physiological disturbances within abnormal findings during, 66Ð67 medical treatments for, 680Ð681 constipation as, 28 bleeding prophylaxis and, 63 Contact dermatitis, 243 IBS as, 28, 29 complications associated with, 67Ð68 Continence, 38 obstructive defecation as, 28 contraindications for, 62Ð63 bowel, 33 Oglivie’s syndrome as, 28 indications for, 62 mechanical factors of, 36Ð37 Index 799

Continent ileostomy, 570Ð571 special circumstances regarding, Diet, 135Ð136 complications associated with, 62 592Ð594 constituents/supplements for, 337 contraindications for, 61 summary on, 595 lifestyle modification/hemorrhoids, indications for, 61 Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, 381Ð382 159Ð160 positioning in, 62 Cryoglobulinemia, 602, 603 resumption, 694Ð695 preparations for, 61 Cryotherapy, 165 studies, 271 techniques for, 62 Cryptococcus, 606 Digital rectal examination (DRE), 413 Contrast studies, 48, 148, 275 Cryptoglandular diseases, 221Ð222 9-(1,3 dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) anastomotic assessment and, 82Ð83 Cryptosporidiosis, 612Ð613 guanine (DHPG), 612 cancer/polyps and, 75Ð77 CSA. See Cyclosporine Diltiazem (DTZ), 182, 184Ð185 colonic intussusception and, 81, 82 CT. See Computed tomography Diosmin (Daflon), 160Ð161 Crohn’s disease and, 78Ð79 Cyclooxygenase (COX), 340 Dipentum¨. See Olsalazine diverticulitis and, 79Ð81 1, 131 Diphenhydramine (Benadryl¨), 250 enemas and, 75 2, 131, 341, 377 Diphenoxylate, 605 extracolonic/submucosal lesions Cyclosporine (CSA), 557Ð558, 561Ð562, Diphenoxylate hydrochloride with atropine and, 80Ð81 563 (Lomotil), 684 of polyposis syndromes, 77 Cystectomy, 210 Diprolene¨. See Betamethasone radiologic, 547Ð548 Cytokines, 439, 552 dipropionate UC and, 77Ð78 Cytomegalovirus (CMV), 611Ð612 Direct-current electrotherapy, 163Ð164 Cordran¨. See Flurandrenolide Cytosine, 525 Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA), 259 Cornmeal, 250 Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, Corrugator cutis ani muscle, 3 D 768, 769 Corticosteroids, 271, 556Ð557, 560 Daflon. See Diosmin Distal rectal washout, 329 Corynebacterium minutissimum, 243 Danazol, 316 Diverticulitis, 300Ð301 COST trial, 707 Death, determination of, 757 acute, 272, 278 Cough reflexes Defecation. See also Pelvic floor cecal/right-sided, 277 anal canal and, 35 colonic sensation and, 27Ð28 chronic, 272 definition of, 46 mechanical factors of, 36Ð37 clinical manifestations of, 271Ð272 Cowden syndrome, 381 normal, 36Ð37 complex, 272 CPT¨, 729Ð731 obstructive, 28, 37Ð38 complications associated with, 273Ð274 CRM. See Circumferential resection Defecography contrast studies of, 79Ð81 margin equipment for, 47 CT of, 86Ð88 Crohn’s disease (CD), 84Ð85, 342Ð343 incontinence and, 51, 657 diagnostic tests for, 274Ð275 activity index, 546 indications for, 47 differential diagnosis for, 275Ð276 anal fissure and, 187 interpretations of epidemiology of, 271 conclusions on, 563Ð564 anal canal length, 49 etiology of, 270Ð271 contrast studies of, 78Ð79 anismus, 50 incidence of, 269 CT of, 88Ð89 anorectal angle, 49 laparoscopy and, 699Ð701 features of, 551 emptying, 49 natural history of, 272Ð273 fistulas and, 207Ð208, 211 enterocele/sigmoidocele, 49, 50 noninflammatory, 272 hemorrhoids and, 170 incontinence, 51 pathophysiology of, 270 laparoscopy and, 696Ð698 intussusception/prolapse, 50Ð51 physical findings on, 273 management of, 555Ð559 megarectum, 51 practice parameters for, 282 mild-moderate, 555Ð556 perineal descent, 49 sigmoid, 282 moderate-severe, 556Ð557 rectoceles, 49, 50 symptoms of, 273 rectovaginal fistulas, secondary techniques for transverse colon, 278 to, 222Ð223 contrast introduction as, 48 treatments for, 278Ð282 risks associated with, 393 imaging, 48, 49 uncommon presentations of, 276Ð278 severe-fulminant, 557Ð558 preparation as, 47Ð48 in young patients, 276Ð277 signs/symptoms of, 544Ð545 Delorme procedure, 667Ð669 DNA ploidy, 388 surgery for Dermoid cysts, 502 DNR (do not resuscitate), 754 anatomic locations and, 590Ð592 Desmoid disease, 537Ð538 Documentation, 789Ð791 disease classification and, 584Ð585 clinical features of, 378Ð379 Docusate sodium (Colace), 681 etiology/incidence of, 584 investigation of, 379 Dolorac. See Capsaicin operative considerations regarding, management of, 379Ð380 Donovanosis. See Granuloma inguinale 587Ð588 Desoximetasone (Topicort LP¨), 252 Double effect doctrine, 756Ð757 operative indications with, DFA. See Direct fluorescent antibody Doxepin (Zonalon), 252 585Ð587 DHPG. See 9-(1,3 dihydroxy-2- DRE. See Digital rectal examination operative options amid, 588Ð589 propoxymethyl) guanine DTZ. See Diltiazem recurrence and, 594Ð595 Dicyclomine hydrochloride (Bentyl), 684 Dukes, Cuthbert, 385, 405 800 Index

Dukes staging system, 385Ð386, etiology of, 308Ð309 euthanasia/physician-assisted suicide/ 431Ð432, 437 intestinal, 310Ð311 terminal sedation as, 754Ð755 Duodenectomy, 537 rectovaginal, 317Ð318 final thoughts on, 762 Dutch Rectal Cancer Trial, 440 treatments for, 315Ð319 futility/withholding treatment as, DVT prophylaxis, 133 Endorectal ultrasound (ERUS), 101, 752Ð754 elastic stockings as, 134 312, 504 genetic diagnosis as, 752 LDUH and, 134Ð135 assessment of rectal neoplasms and, going to court and, 760 LMWH and, 135 102Ð105 good samaritan and, 758Ð759 SCDs and, 134 equipment/techniques for, 101Ð102 hospice/palliative care and, 755Ð756 Dynamic graciloplasty, 660Ð661 image interpretation and, 102, 103 informed consent as, 747Ð748 Dyskinetic puborectalis, 38 nodal involvement with, 103, 105Ð106 innovation/research and, 749Ð750 Dysmenorrhea, 309Ð310 postoperative follow-up with, 107 interpersonal relations/professionalism rectal cancer and, 106Ð107, 407Ð408, 409 and, 759 E summary on, 113 legal principles as, 739Ð741 EAS. See External anal sphincter Endoscopy, 274Ð275, 312, 549Ð550, 657 managed care and, 760 Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Endosonography, 657 organ donation as, 758 (ECOG), 439 Enemas, 634 patient encounters as, 743 EAUS. See Endoanal ultrasound barium, 75Ð76, 293, 355 patients with impaired decision-making EcRT. See Endocavitary radiation contrast, 75 capacity as, 745 EGD. See Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Gastrografin, 28 personal challenges as, 760Ð762 Elastic stockings, 134 large-volume, 658 placebo surgery, 750Ð751 Elavil. See Amitriptyline phosphate, 658 previous suboptimal care and, 759Ð760 Elderly, abuse of, 752 Enteroceles, 37, 49, 50 specific surgical dilemmas as, 742 Electrocardiogram, 122 Enteroclysis, 83Ð85 surgeons and, 735Ð737 Electromyography (EMG), 33, 36, 37 Enterogenous cysts, 502 relationship of patient, 748 of anal sphincter, 52 EORTC 22921. See European Organization European Association of Endoscopic concentric needle, 52 for the Research and Treatment of Surgery, 705 PNTML and, 53, 54 Cancer European Organization for the Research single-fiber, 53 EORTC QLO-CR38. See European and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC surface electrodes and, 52 Organization for the Research and 22921), 440, 441 Electronic mail, 791Ð792 Treatment of Cancer’s Quality of European Organization for the Research Electrostimulation, 659 Life Questionnaire for ColoRectal and Treatment of Cancer’s Quality E&M. See Evaluation and management Cancer of Life Questionnaire for EMBASE database, 769 Epidermoid cysts, 502 ColoRectal Cancer (EORTC QLO- EMG. See Electromyography Epinephrine, 253 CR38), 775 EMLA (eutectic mixture of local Erbium, 486 European Organization for the Research anesthetics), 241, 248 ERBT. See External beam radiation therapy and Treatment of Caner, 470 Endoanal ultrasound (EAUS), 107, 201 ERUS. See Endorectal ultrasound Euthanasia, 754Ð755 anal canal neoplasms and, 111Ð112 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Evaluation and management (E&M), 730 equipment/techniques for, 108 555, 559 External anal sphincter (EAS), 2, 3, 33Ð34 evaluation of Erythromycin, 124, 416 External beam radiation therapy (ERBT), fecal incontinence, 109Ð110 Escherichia coli, 607 450, 454Ð455, 456 perianal sepsis/fistula-in-ano, 110Ð111 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), 550 Extracolonic lesions, 80Ð81 image interpretation and, 108Ð109 ESR. See Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Extracolonic manifestations, 373 summary on, 113 Ethical/legal considerations, 786Ð793 Extraintestinal manifestations, 587 three-dimensional ultrasound and, abuse of elderly as, 752 Extramedullary plasmacytomas, 522 112Ð113 advance directives as, 745Ð747 Endocavitary radiation (ecRT), 430Ð431 autonomy/competency/decision-making F Endocrine systems, 121Ð122 capacity as, 743Ð744 Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), 77, Endometriosis, 81, 82 bioethics and, 737Ð739 358, 528 appendiceal, 319 case-management systems and, 741Ð742 clinical variants of, 375 clinical manifestations of, 309 communication/internet and, 748Ð749, diagnosis of, 375Ð376 dysmenorrhea as, 309Ð310 791Ð792 family history of, 392Ð393 infertility as, 310 confidentiality as, 751Ð752, 792 features of, 373, 374 intestinal symptoms as, 310Ð311 conflict of interest as, 751 genetics of, 373Ð375 malignant transformations as, 311 determination of death as, 757 Fat, 337Ð338 pelvic pain as, 309Ð310 disclosure errors/truth as, 744Ð745 FDA. See Food and Drug Administration conclusions on, 319 DNR as, 754 FDG. See Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose; diagnosis of, 311Ð315 double effect doctrine/pain relief and, [18F] 2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose epidemiology of, 308 756Ð757 Fecal contamination, 242, 326Ð327 Index 801

Fecal diversion, 143, 329, 588 suprasphincteric, 211 HNPCC and, 525Ð527 Fecal incontinence, 109Ð110, 723 vestibular, 718, 721 testing, 530Ð532 Fecal occult blood test (FOBT), 354Ð355, Fistulectomy, 204Ð205 mutations, 381 390Ð391 Fistulotomy testing, 375Ð377 Federal Privacy Rule, 792 primary, 195Ð196 Gentamicin, 416 Fedotozine, 685 use of, 200Ð201, 208 Geographic practice cost index (GPCI), 731 Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy, 166 5-ASA. See Mesalamine German CAO/ARO/A 10094 trial, 440, Fiber 5-FU. See 5-Fluorouracil 441, 442 dietary, 339 5-HTP. See 5-Hydroxytryptophan Giant colonic diverticulum, 277Ð278 supplements, 159Ð160, 161, 685 Flap valves, 36 Giant condyloma acuminata (GCA), 263 FiberCon. See Calcium polycarbophil Flavonoids, 160Ð161 Giardiasis, 613 Fibrin Fleets Phospho-soda. See Sodium GIST. See Gastrointestinal stromal tumors glue, 205Ð206 phosphate Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive sealant, 217 Flexible sigmoidoscopy Lung Disease (COLD), 121 Fistula-in-ano complications associated with, 61 Glucocorticoids, 136Ð137 complications with, 206Ð207 contraindications for, 60 Glycerine, 658 evaluation of, 110Ð111, 199Ð202 indications for, 60 Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), 182Ð184 extrasphincteric, 199 positioning in, 60 GnRH. See Gonadotropin-releasing HIV and, 208Ð209, 211 preparations for, 60 hormone intersphincteric, 198Ð199 techniques for, 60 Goligher, John, 627 pathophysiology of, 198Ð199 Fluocinonide (Lidex¨), 252 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), special considerations for, 207Ð209 Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), 309, 316Ð317 suprasphincteric, 199 96Ð97, 451, 468 Gonorrhea, 257Ð258 transsphincteric, 199 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 437Ð438, 441, 442, GPCI. See Geographic practice cost index treatments for, 199, 202Ð206, 210Ð211 465, 466, 486 Grand Rounds, 780Ð781 Fistulas, 274 Fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR), 468Ð470 Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis), 260 Crohn’s disease and, 207Ð208, 211 Flurandrenolide (Cordran¨), 252 GT. See Guanine/thymine enterotomies/enterocutaneous, 141Ð142, FOBT. See Fecal occult blood test GTN. See Glyceryl trinitrate 593Ð594 Folates, 340 Guanine/thymine (GT), 525 high, 211 FOLFOX (Oxaliplatin/5-FU/LV), 469Ð470 Gynecologic diseases, 276 horseshoe, 211 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 316 imperforate anus without, 718, 720 Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 28, H management of, 281 685, 793 HAART. See Highly active antiretroviral mucous, 628 Food factors, 244 therapy perianal, 724 French Association for Surgical Research, HACA. See Human antichimeric perineal, 717, 718 401 antibodies postoperative anastomotic complications Fruits, 338Ð339 HAI. See Hepatic artery infusional and, 144 FSH. See Follicle-stimulating hormone Halsted, William Stewart, 779Ð780 radiation-associated, 211 FUDR. See Fluorodeoxyuridine Hamartomas, 369 rectobladder neck, 718, 720 Fungal infections, 242 HAPC. See High-amplitude propagated rectourethral, 717 contraction evaluation/treatment for, 209Ð210 G Hartmann’s procedure, 432, 634 pathophysiology of, 209 Gardner’s syndrome, 375 Harvey Bradshaw index, 546 rectovaginal, 211, 721 Gastrografin enemas, 28 HBO. See Hyperbaric oxygen classification of, 216Ð217 Gastrointestinal radiology, 69 Healthcare economics conclusions on, 224 Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), future of, 732, 733 conservative management of, 217 302, 492Ð493, 520 reimbursement process and, 727Ð732 etiology of, 215 GCA. See Giant condyloma acuminata Health Care Financing Administration, 727 evaluation of, 215Ð216 Gene(s). See also Mismatch repair genes Health Insurance Portability and iatrogenic, 223Ð224 APC, 345Ð347, 373Ð374 Accountability Act (HIPAA), 792 persistent, 224 DCC, 345Ð346, 347 Health maintenance organizations (HMOs), secondary to Crohn’s disease, MCC, 345 731Ð732 222Ð223 MYH, 375 Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 340 secondary to cryptoglandular diseases, p53, 345 Hematologic diseases, 198 221Ð222 SMADs, 346 Hemorrhage. See also Lower secondary to malignancy, 223 therapy, 439 gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to obstetric injury, 221Ð222 Genetic(s) CD and, 586 secondary to radiation therapy, 223 of colon cancer, 387Ð388 late, 646 surgical techniques for, 217Ð221 diagnosis, 752 occult, 302 treatments for, 221Ð224 of FAP, 373Ð375 posthemorrhoidectomy, 171 802 Index

Hemorrhoidectomy Herzlinger, Regina, 732 Hydromorphone, 131 Ferguson, 166 Hidradenitis suppurativa Hyoscyamine sulfate (Levsin), 684 hemorrhage/post, 171 background on, 235 Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), 197 operative, 165Ð169 bacteriology of, 236 Hypertension, 170 Whitehead, 166 differential diagnosis for, 236 Hemorrhoids etiology/incidence of, 235Ð236 I ambulatory anorectal surgery and, 171 pathogenesis of, 236 IAS. See Internal anal sphincter ambulatory facilities and, 171 summary on, 237Ð238, 238 Iatrogenics, 655 anatomy of, 156Ð157 treatments for, 236Ð237 IBD. See Inflammatory bowel disease classification of, 157, 158 High-amplitude propagated contraction IBS. See Irritable bowel syndrome Crohn’s disease and, 170 (HAPC), 26Ð27 ICA. See Ileocolic artery differential diagnosis for, 158 High atresia. See Rectal atresia ICC. See Interstitial cells of Cajal epidemiology of, 157 High-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), ICD-9-CM. See International Classification etiology of, 157 263, 483 of Diseases, Ninth Revision, examination of, 158Ð159 Highly active antiviral therapy (HAART), Clinical Modification immunocompromised and, 171 208, 257, 485Ð486 Ileal conduit, 210 intraoperative considerations for, 172 HIPAA. See Health Insurance Portability Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), portal hypertension/varices and, 170 and Accountability Act 535Ð536 posthemorrhoidectomy hemorrhage Hirschsprung’s disease, 19Ð20, 713 UC and, 572 and, 171 medical management of, 714 controversies associated with, postoperative considerations for, 172 surgery for, 714Ð716 577Ð579 postoperative evaluation of, 171Ð172 Histoplasmosis, 606 operatives techniques for, 573Ð575 during pregnancy, 170 HIT. See Heparin-induced postoperative complications associated strangulated, 170 thrombocytopenia with, 575Ð577 symptoms of, 157Ð158 HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), Ileoanal pouch treatments for 256Ð257 complications associated with, 62 dietary/lifestyle modification, AIDS, 265Ð266 contraindications for, 62 159Ð160 anal fissure and, 187Ð188 indications for, 62 external, 165 anorectal sepsis and, 198 positioning in, 62 medical, 160Ð161 colitis, 614Ð615 preparations for, 62 office, 161Ð165 fistula-in-ano and, 208Ð209, 211 techniques for, 62 operative hemorrhoidectomy as, related anal cancer, 495 Ileocolic artery (ICA), 601 165Ð169 HMOs. See Health maintenance Ileocolon, 591 stapling technique as, 169Ð170 organizations Ileocolostomy, 622 Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 602, 603 HNPCC. See Hereditary nonpolyposis Ileorectal anastomosis (IRA), 375, Heparin, 416 colon cancer 376Ð377, 533 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), Hormone replacement therapy Familial polyposis and, 77, 358, 528 134Ð135 (HRT), 341 UC and, 571 Hepatic artery infusional (HAI), 469Ð470 Horton, Richard, 768 conclusions on, 579 Hepatic functions, 122 Hospice/palliative care, 755Ð756 postoperative complications associated Hepatitis, 122 Hospitals, reimbursement for, 729 with, 572 Hepatobiliary, 545Ð546 H-pouch, 578 Ileoscopy Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer HPV. See Human papilloma virus complications associated with, 61 (HNPCC) HRT. See Hormone replacement therapy contraindications for, 61 clinical features of, 527Ð528, 529 HSIL. See High-grade intraepithelial indications for, 61 conclusions on, 534 lesions positioning in, 61 diagnosis of, 529Ð530 HSV. See Herpes simplex virus preparations for, 61 genetics and, 525Ð527 Human anti-chimeric antibodies (HACA), techniques for, 61 genetic testing and, 530Ð532 557 Ileosigmoid knotting genotype-phenotype relationships Human papilloma virus (HPV), 256, clinical presentation of, 296Ð297 of, 528Ð529 262Ð265 epidemiology/incidence of, 295Ð296 historical perspectives of, 525 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) etiology/pathogenesis of, 296 pathologic features of, 527, 528 antagonists, 29, 516, 517 outcomes/treatments for, 297 practice parameters for, 534Ð539 receptor, 28 Ileostomy prognosis for, 533Ð534 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 517 Brooke, 569 registries, 532 Hydrocodone, 131 continent, 570Ð571 surveillance of, 532Ð533 Hydrocortisone, 184 complications associated with, 62 treatments for, 533 cream, 252 contraindications for, 61 Herpes simplex virus (HSV), 256, foam, 560 indications for, 61 260Ð262, 612 Hydrocortisone butyrate (Locoid¨), 252 positioning in, 62 Index 803

preparations for, 61 Infliximab, 222Ð223, 556Ð557, 562 J-pouch, 423, 424, 575, 578Ð579 techniques for, 62 Informed consent, 747Ð748, 788Ð789 Juvenile polyposis, 77 Kock, 543 Infrared photocoagulation, 163Ð164 laparoscopic, 636 Injury Severity Score (ISS), 323, 326 K loop, 629Ð630, 631 Interleukin-2, 439 Karydakis flap, 233 closure technique, 633 Intermittent pneumatic compression Kenalog¨. See Triamcinolone acetonide maturation, end, 626Ð627 (IPC), 125 0.1% proctocolectomy with, 535 Internal anal sphincter (IAS). See also Kennedy, Edward, 732 IMA. See Inferior mesenteric artery External anal sphincter Ketorolac, 131Ð132 Imaging anal canal and, 33, 34 Kock ileostomy, 543 defecography and, 48, 49 anus and, 2 Kock pouch endoluminal, 414Ð415 Internal bypass, 588 complications associated with, 62 studies, 517Ð518 International Classification of Diseases, contraindications for, 61 techniques, 312Ð313 Ninth Revision, Clinical indications for, 61 Imipramine (Tofranil), 684 Modification (ICD-9-CM), 729 positioning in, 62 Imiquimod, 486 International Collaborative Group on preparations for, 61 Immunomodulators, 587 Hereditary Non-Polyposis techniques for, 62 Immunosuppressants, 222Ð223 Colorectal Cancer, 357, Konsyl. See Psyllium Immunotherapy, 439 525, 530 Kraske laterosacral approach, 210 Immunotoxins, 470 International Union Against Cancer Imodium¨, 250 (UICC), 386 L IMPACT (International Multicenter Pooled Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), 26 Lanolin, 243 Analyses of Colon Cancer Trials), Intestinal endometriosis, 310Ð311 Lanreotide, 519 437, 438 Intestinal obstruction Laparoscopic rectopexy, 671 Imperforate anus. See Anorectal enteroclysis/small bowel series and, Laparoscopy, 282, 313Ð315 malformations 83Ð85 background on, 703, 704 Incidence rate ratio (IRR), 343 large bowel obstruction and, 70 bowel activity/diet resumption and, Incontinence, 37, 51 cancer and, 70, 71 694Ð695 anal manometry, 656Ð657 colitis and, 73Ð75 colon/rectal cancer and, 701, 703 causes of, 654Ð656 colonic volvulus and, 70Ð73 conversions to open procedure, 694 conclusions on, 661 pneumoperitoneum and, 72Ð74 credentialing/training in, 706Ð707 defecography and, 51, 657 pseudoobstruction and, 71, 72 Crohn’s disease and, 696Ð698 endosonography and, 657 SBO as, 69Ð70 diverticulitis and, 699Ð701 fecal, 109Ð110, 723 Intraanal lesions, 482 future considerations for, 708 after fistulotomy, 206Ð207 Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT), general considerations of, 703 MRI and, 657 450, 452, 453, 456Ð458 hand-assisted, 693, 698Ð699, obstetric injuries and, 655 IORT. See Intraoperative radiation therapy 707Ð708 operative treatments for, 659Ð661 IPAA. See Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis; hospital costs of, 696 physical examination for, 656 Proctocolectomy with ileoanal ileostomy and, 636 pudendal nerve latency time and, 657 pouch learning curve with, 693Ð694 sensation test and, 657 IPC. See Intermittent pneumatic length of stay and, 695 symptoms of, 653Ð654 compression operative issues with, 705Ð706 treatments for, 658Ð659 IRA. See Ileorectal anastomosis operative time for, 694 Indoramin, 185 IRR. See Incidence rate ratio outcomes for, 694 Infants, 18, 719 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 28, 29 preoperative staging of, 705 Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), 601 constipation and, 683Ð685 preparations for, 705 Infertility, 147, 310 Rome II criteria for, 275, 276, 678, 683 pulmonary function and, 695 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 74, 88, Ischemia, 645 QOL/work and, 695Ð696 276, 342Ð343 Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), 182 rectal prolapse and, 700, 702 acute, 552Ð553 Isosulfan blue dye, 400 resection and, 431 disease severity assessment of, 546Ð547 ISS. See Injury Severity Score sigmoid colostomy and, 636Ð637 epidemiology of, 543Ð544 Ivalon sponge, 671 standard, 698 evaluation of, 547Ð549 stomas and, 636 history of, 543 J tumor localization and, 703Ð705 management of, 555Ð563 Joint Commission on Accreditation of UC and, 698Ð699 pathology of, 550Ð553 Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), Laparotomy, 380 screening methods for, 358 130 LAPC. See Low-amplitude propagated serum tests for, 552 Journal of Neurosurgery, 768 contraction signs/symptoms of, 544Ð546 Journal of the American Medical LAR. See Low anterior resection UC and, 393 Association, 771 LARCS Nordic trial, 442 804 Index

Large bowel, 373 Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 299 initial considerations for, 41 management of, 376Ð377 assessment/resuscitation/stabilization preparation for, 41 obstruction, 70 of, 302Ð306 rectal sensation and, 43 cancer and, 70, 71 etiologies of, 300Ð302 reflexes and, 42, 43 colitis and, 73Ð75 new frontiers for, 306 resting pressure and, 41Ð42 colonic volvulus and, 70Ð71, 72, 73 surgery for, 305Ð306 squeeze-duration study and, 42, 43 pneumoperitoneum and, 72Ð74 Low-grade intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), squeeze pressure and, 42 pseudoobstruction and, 71, 72 263, 483 strain maneuver and, 42, 44 Large intestines, 16, 17 Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), vector, 44 Laser, 464Ð465 125, 135 Margins Lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS), LS. See Lichen sclerosis bowel wall, 388 180Ð182 LSIL. See Low-grade intraepithelial lesions distal, 418Ð419, 421 Lateral mesenteric closure, 627Ð628 Lung metastasis, 389, 472Ð473 radial, 388, 418Ð419, 421 Law of Laplace, 28 Luteinizing hormone (LH), 316 Markers, radiopaque, 25, 54 Lawsuits, 787Ð788 LV. See Leucovorin MBP. See Mechanical bowel preparation Laxatives, 25, 28, 160, 658, 680 Lymphatic invasions, 389 McMaster Evidence Based Medicine Lay-open technique, 202 Lymph node Group, 771 LCR. See Ligase chain reaction metastasis, 387 Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP), 122 LDUH. See Low-dose unfractionated sentinel, 388 in special situations, 123 heparin assessment of, 400 use of, 123 Leiomyomas, 520Ð521 Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), Meckel’s diverticulum, 19, 302 Leucovorin (LV), 437Ð438, 442, 468Ð470 258Ð259 Medical evaluation Leukemia, 522 Lymphomas, 81, 495, 521Ð522 postoperative, 124 Levator syndrome, 689Ð690 conclusions on, 124Ð125 Levofloxacin, 258 M preoperative, 118 Levsin. See Hyoscyamine sulfate Macrolide topical agents (Pimecrolimus; physical examination and, 118 LGV. See Lymphogranuloma venereum Tacrolimus), 252, 557 preanesthesia interview in, 118 LH. See Luteinizing hormone Magnesium citrate, 75 specific organ system assessments Lichen sclerosis (LS), 243Ð244 Magnesium hydroxide, 681 during, 120Ð122 Lidex¨. See Fluocinonide Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 40, 52, tests, 118Ð120 Lidocaine 275, 447, 504, 548, 549 Medical malpractice, 786Ð788 topical, 184, 185 incontinence and, 657 Medical records, computerized, 790Ð791 0.5%, 253 techniques, 312Ð313, 406Ð407 Medical Research Council, 469Ð470 Ligase chain reaction (LCR), 258 usage of, 97Ð98, 201Ð202 Medical societies, 390 Lignocaine, 241, 248 Malrotation, 19 Medicare, 727Ð729 Lipomas, 81 MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid Medicare Economic Index, 728 LIS. See Lateral internal sphincterotomy tissue), 521 MEDLINE database, 769 Literature, clinical practice Mammography, 380 Megarectum, 51 conclusions on, 776 Managed care, 760 Melanomas, 492, 522 evaluation of, 771Ð775, 776 Manometry Membranous atresia, 17 levels of evidence in, 767Ð771 ambulatory anorectal, 44 Menthol, 252 study designs in, 764Ð767 equipment for Meperidine, 131 Liver metastasis, 389, 400, 466, 467 amplifiers/recorders as, 41 Mesalamine (5-ASA), 556, 559Ð561, diagnosis/patient evaluation of, 468 hydraulic water-perfusion machines 562Ð563, 605, 610 treatments for as, 41 Mesentery, 19 chemotherapy as, 468Ð470 probes as, 40Ð41 Metabolic systems, 121Ð122 resection as, 470Ð472 transducers as, 41 Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), 518 untreated, 467 indications for, 40 Metamucil. See Psyllium LMWH. See Low-molecular-weight heparin interpretation of Methotrexate, 562 Localized itch syndromes, 241 compliance in, 47 Methylcellulose (Citrucel), 159Ð160, Locoid¨. See Hydrocortisone butyrate normal, 44 161, 680 Lomotil¨, 250. See also Diphenoxylate RAIR in, 45Ð46 Metronidazole, 124, 416, 556, 559, 618 hydrochloride with atropine rectal sensation in, 47 MIBG. See Metaiodobenzylguanidine Loperamide, 605 resting pressure in, 44Ð45 Microsatellite instability (MSI), 346Ð348, Lovenox, 416 squeeze duration in, 45 364, 525 Low-amplitude propagated contraction squeeze pressure in, 45 associations of, 387 (LAPC), 26Ð27 strain maneuver in, 46 -H cancers, 369 Low anterior resection (LAR), 413, 423 technique of Midline pit excision (Bascom I), 230Ð231 Low-dose unfractionated heparin (LDUH), calibration and, 41 Milligan-Morgan technique, 166, 167 125, 134Ð135 compliance and, 43, 44 Mineral oil, 681 Index 805

Mismatch repair genes (MMR), 342, 364, Nitroglycerin (NTG), 182 management, 639 526Ð527 NNH. See Number needed to harm outcome/QOL, 639 Missiles, 327 NNT. See Number needed to treat preoperative considerations for, 624, 625 Mitomycin C, 491 Nonopioids, 131Ð132 stomas and M&M. See Morbidity and Mortality Nonrotation, 18Ð19 closure of, 634Ð635 MMR. See Mismatch repair genes Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs difficult, 637Ð639 Molluscum contagiosum, 265 (NSAIDs), 130, 561 diversion of, 628Ð635 Morbidity and Mortality (M&M), 780Ð781 associated intestinal hemorrhage, end-loop, 631Ð632 Morphine, 131 300, 302 laparoscopy and, 636 MOSAIC trial, 438 complications associated with, 271 minimally invasive, 635Ð637 Motor unit potentials (MUPs), 52, 53 discontinuation of, 605 physiology of, 622Ð624 MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging effectiveness of, 131Ð132, 340Ð341 trephine, 635 MSI. See Microsatellite instability sulindac, 377 Ovarian metastasis, 474Ð475 Mucin production, 387 North Central Cancer Treatment Group Oxaliplatin/5-FU/LV. See FOLFOX Muir-Torre syndrome, 528Ð529 (NCCTG), 417, 437 Oxycodone, 131 MUPs. See Motor unit potentials Notice of Privacy Practices, 792 Muscle tissue interposition, 219Ð221 Nottingham Health Profile, 775 P Myocutaneous flap, 234 NSABP (National Surgical Adjuvant Breast PAD. See Preoperative autologous donation and Bowel Project), 437, 440 Paget’s disease, 493Ð494 N NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal antiinflamma- Pain, control NAATs. See Nucleic acid amplification tory drugs epidural anesthesia for, 132 tests NSQIP. See National Surgical Quality nonopioids for, 131Ð132 National Cancer Institute, 355, 521 Improvement Program nontraditional adjuncts and, 132 National Institutes of Health, 689 NTG. See Nitroglycerin opioids for, 130Ð131 National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Nuclear medicine, 549 physiology of, 130 Bowel Project, 419 Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), preemptive analgesia and, 132 National Surgical Quality Improvement 257Ð258 techniques, 130 Program (NSQIP), 774 Nucleotide excision repair (NER), 526 Pain relief, 756Ð757 NCCTG. See North Central Cancer Number needed to harm (NNH), 772 PAN. See Polyarteritis nodosa Treatment Group Number needed to treat (NNT), 772 Pancreaticoduodenectomy, 537 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 257Ð258, 607, 609 Nurses’ Health Study, 340 Parabens, 243 Neomycin, 124, 243, 416 Nutrition, 117, 122, 624 Parastomal hernia, 647 Neoplasia, 586Ð587 Nutrition Cohort Study, 340 Parenteral methotrexate, 557 Neoplasms, 245 Parks, Sir Alan, 572 anal canal, 111Ð112 O PATI. See Penetrating Abdominal Trauma assessment of rectal, 102Ð105 Obesity, 341 Index colorectal Obstetric injuries Patient-controlled anesthesia (PCA), detection of, 390Ð392 incontinence and, 655 130, 131 future directions for, 358Ð359 secondary to rectovaginal fistulas, PCA. See Patient-controlled anesthesia screening/risk classifications for, 221Ð222 PCR. See Polymerase chain reaction 353Ð358 Octreotide, 519 PE. See Pulmonary embolism miscellaneous Office for Human Research Protection Pediatric colorectal disorders, 723Ð725 classification of, 516 (OHRP), 793 PEG. See Polyethylene glycol clinical presentation of, 516Ð517 Ofloxacin, 258 Pelvic bleeding diagnostic studies on, 517Ð518 Oglivie’s syndrome, 28 intraabdominal abscess/wound infection history/terminology for, 515 OHRP. See Office for Human Research and, 151Ð152 pathology of, 515, 516 Protection perineal wound infection and, 152Ð153 pathophysiology of, 516 Olsalazine (Dipentum¨), 556 Pelvic drains, 143 prognosis of, 518 Omphalocele, 19 Pelvic floor treatments for, 518Ð520 Opiates, 25, 131Ð132, 271 denervation, 655 Neostigmine, 28 Opioids, 130Ð131 disorders, 687Ð691 Nephrolithiasis, 645 Oral contraceptives, 316 musculature/anus, 10Ð11, 33 NER. See Nucleotide excision repair Organ donation, 758 Pelvic pain, 309Ð310, 688Ð689 Nervous system, enteric, 24 Ornidazole, 559 Penetrating Abdominal Trauma Index Neurologic systems, 121 Ostomies (PATI), 322, 327 Neuronal intestinal dysplasia, 716 appliances for, 638Ð639 Penicillin benzathine, 260 Neutropenic enterocolitis, 610Ð611 conclusions on, 640 Pepper cream. See Capsaicin Nicotine, 562 end, 624Ð628 Perforation, gross, 273 Nifedipine, 182, 184Ð185 indications for, 622, 623 Perianal dermatology, 240, 241. See also Nitrates, topical, 182Ð184 loop, 632Ð633 Pruritus ani 806 Index

Perianal lesions, 482 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 257Ð258 urethral injuries as, 146 Perianal sepsis, 110Ð111 Polymyositis, 602, 604 urinary dysfunction as, 146 Peri-Colace, 681 Polyp(s), 362 pelvic bleeding Perineal descent, 49 adenomatous, 356Ð357 intraabdominal abscess/wound Perineal dissection, 422Ð423 contrast studies of, 75Ð77 infections and, 151Ð152 Perineal rectosigmoidectomy, 666Ð667 hyperplastic, 368Ð369 perineal wound infection and, Perineal wound infections, 152Ð153 inflammatory, 369 152Ð153 Perineo-proctotomy, 219, 220 juvenile, 724 Postoperative evaluation, 90, 124Ð125 Perineural invasion, 387 lymphoid, 369 Postoperative follow-up, with ERUS, 107 Perioperative fluid management, 133 malignant, 366Ð367 Postoperative morbidity/mortality, risk Peristalsis, colon and, 26 nonneoplastic, 368Ð369 assessments for Peritoneal metastasis, 473Ð474 -related complications, 380 APACHE as, 118 PET. See Positron emission tomography surveillance, 391 ASA classification system as, 117 PETACC 3 trial, 438 synchronous, 389 other scoring systems as, 118 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 77, 380 Polyposis. See also Familial adenomatous PNI as, 117 Phenol, 252 polyposis POSSUM as, 118 PHI. See Protected health information juvenile, 380Ð381 P-POSSUM as, 118 Phlebotonics, 160Ð161 metaplastic, 381 Potassium, 25 Phlegmon, 274 MYH, 375 Pouchoscopy Phosphatemia, 122Ð123 registries, 373 complications associated with, 62 Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, 182, 185 syndromes contraindications for, 61 Physical activities, 341Ð342 contrast studies of, 77 indications for, 61 Pilonidal disease upper gastrointestinal, 377Ð378 positioning in, 62 abscess, 229 Portsmouth Modification of POSSUM preparations for, 61 background/incidence of, 228 (P-POSSUM), 118 techniques for, 62 draining chronic, 229 Positron emission tomography (PET), PPO. See Preferred provider organization nonsurgical approach to, 229Ð230 96Ð98, 390, 447, 448, 451, 504 P-POSSUM. See Portsmouth Modification pathogenesis of, 228Ð229 POSSUM (Physiological and Operative of POSSUM surgical approaches to Severity Score for enUmeration of Pramoxine, 252 Bascom’s chronic abscess curettage Mortality and Morbidity), Prednisone, 556Ð557 as, 230Ð231 118, 395 Preferred provider organization (PPO), 732 midline excision as, 230 Postanal repair, 660 Pregnancy, 170 midline pit excision (Bascom I) Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP), Preoperative autologous donation (PAD), as, 230Ð231 110 121 secondary healing/unroofing as, 230 Postoperative complications Preoperative medical evaluation, 118 treatments for, 231 anastomotic, 142 physical examination and, 118 Bascom cleft lift (Bascom II), bleeding as, 142Ð143 preanesthesia interview in, 118 233Ð234 fecal diversion as, 143 specific organ system assessments Karydakis flap as, 233 fistulas and, 144 during, 120Ð122 myocutaneous flap as, 234 leaks as, 143 tests, 118Ð120 rhomboid flap as, 232Ð233 management of, 143Ð144 Presacral drainage, 329 skin grafting as, 234 pelvic drains and, 143 Presacral tumors summary on, 234Ð235 stricture and, 144, 145 algorithm, 512, 513 V-Y plasty as, 234 enterotomies/enterocutaneous fistulas anatomy/neurophysiology of, 501, 502 Z plasty as, 234 and, 141Ð142 classification of, 501Ð502, 503 Pimecrolimus. See Macrolide topical agents genitourinary conclusions on, 513 Plain films, 69 bladder injuries as, 146 diagnosis/management of, 504Ð508 large bowel obstruction and, 70 decision to operate and, 149 gross/histologic appearance of, 502Ð504 cancer and, 70, 71 diagnosis/presentation of, 148 malignant, 511Ð512 colitis and, 73Ð75 female infertility as, 147 surgery of, 508Ð511 colonic volvulus and, 70Ð73 initial therapy/nonoperative treatment results for, 511Ð513 pneumoperitoneum and, 72Ð74 management of, 148Ð149 Prilocaine, 241, 248 pseudoobstruction and, 71, 72 prevention of adhesions and, 150Ð151 Probiotics, 587 SBO and, 69Ð70 radiographic studies of, 148 Procaine, 243 Pneumoperitoneum, 72Ð74 SBO as, 147Ð148 Proctalgia fugax, 690Ð691 PNI. See Prognostic Nutritional Index sexual dysfunction as, 146Ð147 Proctocolectomy with ileoanal pouch PNTML. See Pudendal nerve terminal special situations with, 150 (IPAA), 376Ð377 motor latency surgical techniques for, 149Ð150 Proctocolectomy with ileostomy (TPC), Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), 602Ð603 trapped ovary syndrome as, 147 535 Polyethylene glycol (PEG), 75, 122 ureteral injuries as, 144Ð146 Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), 117 Index 807

Prophylactic oophorectomy, 399 multimodality therapy for, 454Ð459 anal canal/lymphatic drainage/venous Prostate, Lung, Colon and Ovary Trail, 355 summary on, 459 drainage of, 6Ð7 Protected health information (PHI), 792 clinical evaluation of, 405Ð408 anatomic relations of, 5 Proteins, 374 conclusions on, 409 embryology of, 16, 17 Pruritus ani distant metastases of, 408Ð409 fascial relationship of, 5Ð6 conclusions on, 253 ERUS and, 106Ð107, 407Ð408 innervation of, 7Ð9 definitions of, 240 laparoscopy and, 703 lateral ligaments/stalks of, 5 diagnosis of, 245Ð251 locally advanced/recurrent, 450 presacral fascia of, 5Ð6 etiology of, 241Ð245 preoperative evaluation/patient rectosacral fascia of, 6 physiologic considerations for, 240Ð241 selection and, 451Ð452 urogenital considerations for, 6 treatments for, 250Ð253 resectability of, 452Ð454 visceral pelvic fascia of Denonvilliers PSARP. See Posterior sagittal summary on, 459 and, 6 anorectoplasty local/regional staging of, 406Ð408 Red meat, 338 Pseudoobstruction, 71, 72 surgical management of Reflexes, 42, 43 Psoriasis, 243 anatomic/biologic issues with, Relative risk reduction (RRR), 772 Psyllium (Konsyl; Metamucil), 159Ð160, 416Ð417 Relative Value Update Committee (RUC), 680 distal/radial margins and, 418Ð420 730 Puborectalis, 36Ð37 imaging and, 414Ð415 Renal functions, 121 Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency local excision techniques for, 424Ð432 Resection, 589. See also Abdominoperineal (PNTML), 36, 40, 53, 657 operational procedures in, 417Ð418 resection Pudendal neuralgia, 690 patient evaluation and, 413Ð414 abdominal transsacral, 432 Pulmonary embolism (PE), 133 preparation for, 415Ð416 laparoscopy and, 431 Pulmonary function, 695 rectal excision techniques for, for liver metastasis, 470Ð472 420Ð424 low anterior, 413, 423 Q treatments for, 432Ð433 Reservoir, 36 QRNG. See Quinolone-resistant Neisseria Rectal diverticula, 277 Residency Review Committees (RRC), 780 gonorrhoeae Rectal foreign bodies, 332Ð333 Resource-based relative value system Quality of life (QOL), 448, 639, 695Ð696, Rectal injuries (RBRVS), 727 774Ð775, 776 anatomy of, 328 Respiratory tract, 121 QUASAR Collaborative Group, 438 antibiotic prophylaxis for, 330Ð331 Resting pressure, 41Ð42, 44Ð45 Questran¨, 250 diagnosis of, 328 Reversed rotation, 19 Quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae epidemiology of, 328 RFA. See Radiofrequency ablation (QRNG), 258 operative management of, 329Ð330 Rhomboid flap, 232Ð233 scale, 328, 329 Right colic artery (RCA), 601 R wound management of, 330 Rigid proctosigmoidoscope Radiation, 440Ð441, 655Ð656 Rectal neoplasms complications associated with, 60 -associated fistulas, 211 assessment of, 102Ð105 contraindications for, 59 -induced bowel injury, 615Ð617 uT4 lesions as, 105 indications for, 59, 59 therapy, 223, 344, 433, 489Ð490 uT1 lesions as, 103Ð104 positioning in, 59 Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), 472 uT3 lesions as, 104 preparations for, 59 Radiography, 148 uT2 lesions as, 104 techniques for, 58Ð60 Radionuclide uT0 lesions as, 103 Ripstein procedure, 671, 672 imaging, 91Ð93 Rectal organ injury scale, 328, 329 Risk assessment transits, 54 Rectal prolapse, 724 for colorectal diseases, 118 Radiotherapy, 438Ð439, 440, 441Ð442 laparoscopy and, 700, 702 perioperative scoring systems, 116Ð117 RAER. See Rectoanal excitatory reflex patient evaluation for, 665Ð666 for postoperative morbidity/mortality RAIR. See Rectoanal inhibitory reflex surgical procedures for, 666 APACHE as, 118 Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs), 764, abdominal, 669Ð675 ASA classification system as, 117 765Ð767 conclusions on, 675 other scoring systems as, 118 Rapid plasma reagin (RPR), 259Ð260 perineal, 667Ð669 PNI as, 117 Rating Form of Inflammatory Bowel Rectal sensation, 43, 47 POSSUM as, 118 Disease Patient Concerns, 775 Rectal sleeve advancement, 219 P-POSSUM as, 118 RBRVS. See Resource-based relative value Rectoanal excitatory reflex (RAER), for specific organ system complications system 35Ð36 cardiac risk as, 117 RCA. See Right colic artery Rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) respiratory risk as, 117 RCTs. See Randomized, controlled trials anal canal and, 35, 36 Rome II criteria, 275, 276, 678, 683 Rectal atresia (high atresia), 18, 718, 720 in manometry, 45Ð46 Royal College of Chest Physicians, 121 Rectal cancer Rectoceles, 37Ð38, 49, 50, 687Ð688 Royal College of Surgeons of Great Britain, adjuvant therapy for, 439Ð443 Rectum, 706 782 advanced/locally recurrent anus and, 4 RPR. See Rapid plasma reagin 808 Index

RRC. See Residency Review Committees Small bowel Stomas RRR. See Relative risk reduction appendiceal endometriosis and, 319 closure, 647 Rubber band litigation, 61Ð163 colon and, 18 complications RUC. See Relative Value Update mesentery, 538 conclusions on, 651 Committee perforation of, 586 incidence of, 643 RVU. See Value relative to other codes series, 83Ð85 skin problems as, 643Ð650 transit, 55 trials associated with, 648Ð649, 650 S Small bowel follow through (SBFT), high-output, 645 Sacrococcygeal chordoma, 502Ð503 83Ð84 ostomies and SAGES. See Society of American Small bowel obstruction (SBO), 85 closure of, 634Ð635 Gastrointestinal Endoscopic CT of, 89Ð90 difficult, 637Ð639 Surgeons as intestinal obstruction, 69Ð70 diversion of, 628Ð635 Saint’s Triad, 274 postoperative complications and, end-loop, 631Ð632 Salmonella, 607, 608 147Ð148 laparoscopy and, 636 Salt, 24Ð25 Small cell carcinomas, 493 minimally invasive, 635Ð637 SBFT. See Small bowel follow through Small intestines, 19Ð20 physiology of, 622Ð624 SBO. See Small bowel obstruction Smoking, 121, 271, 342 trephine, 635 SCC. See Squamous cell carcinoma Society of American Gastrointestinal Stool, 24Ð25, 28, 355 SCFAs. See Short-chain fatty acids Endoscopic Surgeons Strain maneuver, 42, 44, 46 Schistosomiasis, 613 (SAGES), 703 Stricture Scintigraphy, 25 Sodium, 24Ð25 anastomotic, 144, 145 Scleroderma, 602, 604 Sodium phosphate (Fleets Phospho-soda), development of, 274 Sclerotherapy, 164Ð165 122Ð123, 681 plasty, 588Ð589 Sedation, terminal, 754Ð755 Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS), Strongyloidiasis, 613Ð614 SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and 674Ð675 Submucosal invasions, 366Ð367 End Results), 386, 462 Somatostatin analogs, 519 Submucosal lesions, 80Ð81 Selected Readings in General Surgery, 780 Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy Sudeck’s critical point, 15 Senna, 681 (SRS), 518 Suicide, physician-assisted, 754Ð755 Sensation tests, 657 Sphincter relaxants, 182Ð184 Sulbactam, 331 Sequential compression devices (SCDs), Splenic flexure volvulus Sulfapyridine, 556 134 clinical presentation of, 291 Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine¨), 556, 560 Serotonin, 516, 517, 685 epidemiology/incidence of, 291 Sulindac (Clinoril¨), 536 Seton, 203Ð204 etiology/pathogenesis of, 291 Superior mesenteric artery (SMA), 601 Sex, 271 outcomes/treatments for, 291 Suppositories, 75 Sexual dysfunctions, 146Ð147 S-pouch, 570, 578 Surgeons, 29, 417 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), Squamous carcinoma, 521 ethical/legal considerations and, 735Ð737 256Ð266. See also specific Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 482 relationship between patient-, 748 diseases anal, 483Ð485 Surgery, 455Ð456, 489, 535Ð536, 563. SFD. See Single fiber density of anal canal See also Laparoscopy Shigella, 607Ð608 clinical characteristics of, 488 for acute diseases, 279, 280 Shock, 326 evaluation of, 488Ð489 anorectal ambulatory, 171 Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), 24 staging of, 489 bowel preparation for, 415 Short Form, 36, 775 treatments for, 489Ð491 for CD Sickness Impact Profile, 775 of anal margin anatomic locations and, 590Ð592 Sigmoid colectomy, 669, 670, 671 clinical characteristics of, 486 disease classification and, 584Ð585 Sigmoidocele, 49, 50 staging of, 487 etiology/incidence of, 584 Sigmoid volvulus treatment options for, 487Ð488 operative considerations regarding, clinical presentation of, 292Ð293 Squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), 483 587Ð588 epidemiology/incidence of, 291Ð292 Squeeze duration, 42, 43, 45 operative indications with, 585Ð587 etiology/pathogenesis of, 292 Squeeze pressure, 42 operative options amid, 588Ð589 outcomes/treatments for, 293Ð295 SRCT. See Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial recurrence and, 594Ð595 Signet-cell/ring tumors, 387 SRS. See Somatostatin receptor special circumstances regarding, SIL. See Squamous intraepithelial lesion scintigraphy 592Ð594 Silver sulfadiazine cream, 252 SRUS. See Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome summary on, 595 Single fiber density (SFD), 36 Stapling technique, for hemorrhoids, colorectal, 723 Skin grafting, 234 169Ð170 complications associated with, 646 Skin lesions, 482 Stents, 464 for incontinence, 659Ð661 Skin trauma, 245 Steroids, 136Ð137, 557, 561, 587, 605 innovative/research on, 792Ð793 SLE. See Systemic lupus erythematosus -induced itching, 244Ð245 for lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, SMA. See Superior mesenteric artery topical, 244, 252 305Ð306 Index 809

placebo, 750Ð751 TEN. See Toxic epidermal necrolysis signet-cell/ring, 387 prophylactic, 376 Teratomas, 502Ð503 vaccines, 439 specific ethical dilemmas associated Terminal ileum, 590 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), 543 with, 742 TGF. See Transforming growth factor Tumor-node metastasis (TNM), 101, Surgical education, 779 Thiersch procedure, 669 386, 489 challenges, 782Ð783 Thiopurines, 557 Turcot’s syndrome, 375 cognitive learning and, 780Ð781 Thoracic splanchnic, 23 Turnbull blowhole procedure, 632 efficiency/technology and, 784Ð785 TME. See Total mesorectal excision new directions of, 783Ð784 TMP/SMX. See Trimethoprim- U technical skills acquisition and, 781Ð782 sulfamethoxazole UC. See Ulcerative colitis Surgical management, 317 TNF. See Tumor necrosis factor UICC. See International Union Against of colon cancer, 395Ð401 TNM. See Tumor-node metastasis Cancer of rectal cancer Tofranil. See Imipramine Ulcerative colitis (UC), 546, 547 adjuvant therapy for, 439Ð443 Topicort LP¨. See Desoximetasone conclusions on, 563Ð564 anatomic/biologic issues with, Total abdominal colectomy (TAC), 681 contrast studies and, 77Ð78 416Ð417 Total colonic aganglionosis, 715Ð717 IBD and, 393 distal/radial margins and, 418Ð420 Total mesorectal excision (TME), 407 laparoscopy and, 689Ð699 imaging and, 414Ð415 principles, 417Ð418 management of, 559Ð563 local excision techniques for, 424Ð432 technique, 422 pathology of, 550Ð551 operational procedures in, 417Ð418 Total parenteral nutrition (TPN), 136 signs/symptoms of, 545 patient evaluation and, 413Ð414 Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), 610Ð611 surgical management of preparation for, 415Ð416 TPC. See Proctocolectomy with ileostomy Brooke ileostomy as, 569 rectal excision techniques for, TPN. See Total parenteral nutrition conclusions on, 579 420Ð424 T-pouch, 571, 572 continent ileostomy as, 570Ð571 of UC Transabdominal rectus abdominus elective v. emergency procedures in, Brooke ileostomy as, 569 myocutaneous (TRAM), 508 568Ð569 conclusions on, 579 Transanal endoscopic microsurgery indications for, 567Ð568 continent ileostomy as, 570Ð571 (TEM), 365 IPAA as, 572Ð579 elective v. emergency procedures in, classifications, 366 IRA as, 571Ð572 568Ð569 procedure for, 425, 427 Ulcer prophylaxis, 133 indications for, 567Ð568 studies, 429Ð430 Ultrasound, 549. See also Endoanal IPAA as, 572Ð579 Transanal excision, 425, 426 ultrasound; Endorectal IRA as, 571Ð572 Transcoccygeal excision, 426Ð427 ultrasound Surgical techniques Transforming growth factor (TGF), 346 anal for pilonidal disease Transfusions, 120Ð121 equipment for, 51 Bascom’s chronic abscess curettage as, Transit indications for, 51 230Ð231 colonic, 53Ð54 interpretations for, 51 midline excision as, 230 evaluation of, 53 techniques for, 51 midline pit excision (Bascom I) as, small bowel, 55 history of, 101 230Ð231 Transsphincteric excision, 427 three-dimensional, 112Ð113 secondary healing/unroofing as, 230 Trapped ovary syndrome, 147 transabdominal, 275 for postoperative genitourinary Trauma ostomy complications, 331Ð332 transrectal, 275 complications, 149Ð150 Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% transvaginal, 312 for rectovaginal fistulas, 217Ð221 (Kenalog¨), 252 Ultrasound tumor staging (uTNM), 101 Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial (SRCT), Triamcinolone acetonide 0.5% Unroofing, 230, 231 440, 441 (Aristocort¨), 252 Upper gastrointestinal, 591 Syphilis, 259Ð260, 609 Trichuriasis, 614 Ureteral injuries, 144Ð146 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 602, Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), 29 Ureteral obstruction, 274 603Ð604 Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Ureterosigmoidostomy, 344 (TMP/SMX), 607 Urethral injuries, 146 T Trypanosomiasis, 613 Urinary dysfunction, 146 TAC. See Total abdominal colectomy Tryptophan, 516 Urologic diseases, 276 Tacrolimus. See Macrolide topical agents Tuberculosis, 607, 609 U.S. Congress, 355 Tailgut cysts, 502 Tumor(s), 450. See also Presacral tumors U.S. National Polyp Study, 355 Tapeworm, 614 directed therapy, 518Ð519 UTNM. See Ultrasound tumor staging TCAs. See Tricyclic antidepressants gastrointestinal stromal, 302 Tegaserod, 685 localization, 703Ð705 V TEM. See Transanal endoscopic neuroendocrine, 493 VA. See Veterans Affairs microsurgery neurogenic, 503 Vaccines, 439, 470 Temovate¨. See Clobetasol propionate osseous, 503Ð504 Vaisey index, 654 810 Index

Valisone¨. See Betamethasone valerate Vidarabine, 486 Wound infections, 151Ð152 cream Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery W-pouch, 578Ð579 Value relative to other codes (RVU), (VATS), 473 730Ð731 Vienna classification, 545, 546, 585 X Valves of Houston, 4 Viral infections, 242 X-rays Vancomycin, 617Ð618 Vitamin abdominal, 25, 275 VATS. See Video-assisted thoracoscopic C, 342 chest, 121, 122, 446 surgery E, 342 plain, 547 VDRL. See Venereal Disease Research V-Y plasty, 234 Laboratory Y Vegetables, 338Ð339 W Yersinia, 607, 608Ð609 Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Water, 24Ð25 York-Mason approach, 210 (VDRL), 259Ð260 WCE. See Wireless capsule endoscopy Venous thromboembolism Wexner index, 654 Z occurrence of, 133 Whitehead hemorrhoidectomy, 166 Zeasorb¨, 250 prevention of, 125 WHO. See World Health Organization Zonalon. See Doxepin Verrucous carcinomas, 494Ð495 Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE), 550 Zostrix. See Capsaicin Veterans Affairs (VA), 774 World Health Organization (WHO), 29 Z plasty, 234