Index A duodenal, 537 American Heart Association (AHA), 120 AAST. See American Association for the epidemiology of, 363–364 American Joint Committee on Cancer Surgery of Trauma pathology of, 362–363 (AJCC), 386, 462 Abdominal aortic aneurysms, 399–400 rectal, 365 American Medical Association, 729 Abdominal complications, 325–327 serrated, 368 American Society of Anesthesiologists Abdominal injuries, 327 surveillance of, 365–366 (ASA), 117, 171 Abdominal rectopexy, 666, 669–671 Adenomatous polyps, 356–357 American Society of Colon and Rectal Abdominal transsacral resection, 432 Adenosquamous carcinoma, 521 Surgeons (ASCRS), 120, 281, 353, Abdominal wall closure, 327 Adjuvant therapy, 428, 433, 437–443 390, 654, 703, 707, 767 Abdominoperineal resection (APR), 146, ADL. See Activities of daily living Amine precursor uptake and 413, 432 Adrenergic antagonists, 185 decarboxylation (APUD), 515 ligation/resection during, 419–422 Advance directives, 745–747 Amines, 516 mobilization during, 419 Advancement flaps, 182, 204, 217–219 Aminosalicylates, 555 position during, 419 Aeromonas, 607, 609–610 Amitriptyline (Elavil), 684 techniques of, 419–422 Age, 271, 386 Ammonium derivatives, 685 Abscess, 274, 279. See also Acute Agency for Health Care Policy and Amoxicillin, 124 suppuration; Anorectal abscess Research (AHCPR), 353, 354, 358 Ampicillin, 331, 416 enteroparietal, 592–593 AHA. See American Heart Association Amsterdam criteria, 529, 530 interloop, 593 AHCPR. See Agency for Health Care Anal agenesis, 17 intraabdominal, 151–152 Policy and Research Anal canal intramesenteric, 593 AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency anus and pilonidal disease, 229 syndrome) anatomic v. surgical, 1, 2 psoas/retroperitoneal, 593 diarrhea, 614–615 conjoined longitudinal muscle and, Absolute risk reduction (ARR), 772 HIV, 265–266 3–4 ACC. See American College of Cardiology AIN. See Anal intraepithelial neoplasia epithelium of, 2, 4 Accrediting Council for Graduate Medical AJCC. See American Joint Committee on external anal sphincter and, 2–3 Evaluation (ACGME), 782–783 Cancer innervation of, 7–8, 9 Aclovate®. See Alclometasone dipropionate Alclometasone dipropionate (Aclovate®), internal anal sphincter and, 2 Acromegaly, 344 252 muscles of, 2, 3 Actinomycosis, 607, 610 Alcohol, 271, 340 structure/anal verge, 1 Activities of daily living (ADL), 119 Aldosterone, 24–25 length of, 49 Acupressure, 132 Amebiasis, 612 neoplasms, EAUS and, 111–112 Acupuncture, 132 American Association for the Surgery of physiology of Acute colonic obstruction, 399 Trauma (AAST), 323, 327, 328, bulbocavernosus reflexes in, 35 Acute suppuration (abscess), 210 329, 331 cough reflexes in, 35 Acute thrombosis, 165 American Board of Colon and Rectal cutaneous-anal reflexes in, 34 Adenine, 525 Surgery, 783 mechanical factors in, 36–37 Adenocarcinomas, 356–357, 491–492 American Cancer Society, 353, 355, pathologic conditions in, 37–38 Adenoma(s), 533 390, 532 RAER in, 35–36 -carcinoma sequence, 364 American College of Cardiology RAIR in, 35, 36 clinical presentation of, 362 (ACC), 120 reflexes in, 34 depressed/flat, 367–368 American College of Surgeons, 782 sensory in, 34 795 796 Index Anal cancer, 263–265 Angiography, 92–94, 304–305 Aristocort®. See Triamcinolone acetonide anatomic considerations for, 482–483 Anisakiasis, 614 0.5% epidemiology of, 485 Anismus, 50 Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 520 etiology/pathogenesis of, 483–485 Anoperineum, 591–592 ARR. See Absolute risk reduction HIV-related, 495 Anorectal abscess Arteries, inferior/superior hemorrhoidal, 6 lymphatic drainage and, 483 anatomy of, 192, 193 Artificial bowel sphincter, 661 squarmous cell cancer of the anal canal evaluation/treatments for, 192–198 ASA. See American Society of clinical characteristics and, 488 pathophysiology of, 192, 193 Anesthesiologists evaluation of, 488–489 Anorectal agenesis, 17–18 Ascariasis, 613 staging and, 489 Anorectal angle ASCA testing, 551 treatments for, 489–491 defecography and, 49 ASCRS. See American Society of Colon terminology for, 483 flap valve and, 36 and Rectal Surgeons Anal dilatation ring, 13 ASCUS. See Atypical squamous cells of anal fissure and, 180 Anorectal defects, 17–18 indeterminate significance stretch, 165 Anorectal immunology, 256–257 Aspirin, 340–341 Anal diseases, 244 Anorectal infections, 197 Association of Surgeons (Netherlands), 782 Anal dysplasia, 483–485 Anorectal malformations (imperforate Astler Coller Modification, 386 Anal encirclement procedures, 659 anus), 16, 17, 716 Atropine, 605, 684 Anal fissure, 725 specific defects associated with Atypical squamous cells of indeterminate conclusions on, 188 females, 718–719, 721–722 significance (ASCUS), 263 Crohn’s disease and, 187 males, 717–718, 719, 720–721 Azathioprine (AZA), 557, 562 diagnosis of, 179 treatment results for, 722–723 Azulfidine®. See Sulfasalazine epidemiology of, 178 Anorectal sepsis, 198 etiology of, 178–179 Anorectal spaces, 9–10 B HIV and, 187–188 Anorectal surgery, 171 Babies, 19, 719 low pressure, 187 Anoscopy Bacitracin, 617–618 management of complications associated with, 58 Bacterial infections, 242–243 advancement flaps in, 182 contraindications for, 57 Balantidiasis, 612 anal dilatation in, 180 indications for, 57, 58 Balloon conservative, 179 positioning in, 57 expulsion test, 51 LIS in, 180–182 preparations for, 57 training, 659 operative treatment in, 179 techniques for, 57–58 Balneol®, 250 medical management of Anterior sacral meningoceles, 502–503 Balsalazide (Colazal®), 556 adrenergic antagonists in, 185 Anterior sphincteroplasty, 659–660 BAM. See Bile acid malabsorption BT in, 182, 185–187 Anthracene, 681 Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, 381 calcium channel blockers in, 184–185 Antibiotic(s), 196, 222, 555–556, 561, Barium cholinergic agonists in, 185 587, 617–618. See also specific enemas, 75–76, 293, 355 phosphodiesterase inhibitors in, 182, drugs follow-through, 83 185 for colon/rectal injuries, 330–331 in physiologic testing, 47 sphincter relaxants in, 182 oral, 124 studies, 75 topical nitrates, 182–184 parenteral, 124 Barnet continent ileostomy reservoir symptoms of, 179 prophylaxis, 416 (BCIR), 571 Anal infections, 198 topical, 252 Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), 493 Anal intraepithelial dysplasia, 263–265 usage of, 122, 124, 126 Bascom cleft lift (Bascom II), 233–234 Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), 483 Antibodies, monoclonal, 470 Bascom I. See Midline pit excision Anal manometry, 656–657 Anticholinergics, 561, 684 Bascom II. See Bascom cleft lift Anal margin Anticoagulants, 416 Bascom’s chronic abscess curettage, perianal neoplasms/uncommon, 493–495 Anticoagulation, 135, 136 230–231 SCC of Antigens, 439 BCCs. See Basal cell carcinomas clinical characteristics of, 486 Antihistamines, 132, 240, 243, 251 BCIR. See Barnet continent ileostomy staging of, 487 Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody reservoir treatment options for, 487–488 (ANCA), 551 Behçet’s syndrome, 602, 603 Anal sphincter, 33, 34, 52 Antispasmodics, 29 Benadryl®. See Diphenhydramine Anal stenosis, 17 APACHE (Acute physiology and chronic Bentyl. See Dicyclomine hydrochloride Anal tattooing, 253 health evaluation), 118 Benzathine penicillin, 260 ANCA. See Antineutrophil cytoplasmic Appendicitis, 276 Betadine, 634 antibody APR. See Abdominoperineal resection Betamethasone dipropionate (Diprolene®), Anesthesia, 132. See also Patient-controlled APUD. See Amine precursor uptake and 252 anesthesia decarboxylation Betamethasone valerate cream (Valisone®), Angiodysplasia, 301 Arc of Riolan, 15 252 Index 797 Bethanechol, 182 Calmoseptine®, 252 Chlamydia trachomatis, 258–259 Bicarbonates, 25 Camphor, 252 Chloride, 25 Bile acid malabsorption (BAM), 605 Campylobacter, 607, 608 Cholecystectomy, 342 Bioethics, 737–739 Canadian Multicentre Colorectal Deep Vein Cholestyramine, 605, 618 Bipolar diathermy, 163–164 Thrombosis Prophylaxis, 135 Cholinergic agonists, 185 Bisacodyl, 681 Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Chronic pulmonary diseases, 121 Bisacodyl suppositories, 658 Examination, 767 Chronic suppuration (fistula), 210–211 Bismuth subsalicylate, 605 Cancer(s). See also specific cancers CHRPE. See Congenital hypertrophy of the Bladder injuries, 146 contrast studies of polyps/, 75–77 retinal pigment epithelium Bleeding, 273, 300 hereditary, 447 CI. See Confidence interval as anastomotic postoperative management/risks associated with, 381 Cidofovir, 486 complication, 142–143 MSI-H, 369 Ciprofloxacin, 124, 258, 556 pelvic plain films and, 70, 71 Circumferential resection margin intraabdominal abscess/wound synchronous, 389, 431 (CRM), 407 infection and, 151–152 uterine, 539 Citrucel. See Methylcellulose perineal wound infection and, Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB), Citrus bioflavonoids, 160–161 152–153 470, 491 CLASICC trial, 693, 696, 703 prophylaxis colonoscopy and, 63 Cancer Genetics Studies Consortium, 358 Clavulanic acid, 124 Blood Cancer Prevention Study II, 340 Clindamycin, 124 supply, 15 Capsaicin (Dolorac; Zostrix), 241, 252 Clinical pathways, 137–138 transfusions, 326, 386 Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Cloaca, 18, 718–719, 721–722 vessel invasion, 387 387–388, 446–447, 468 Clobetasol propionate (Temovate®), 252 Bone metastasis, 475 Carcinoid syndrome, 516–517 Clostridium botulinum, 185 Botulinum toxin (BT), 182, 185–187 Cascara, 681 Clostridium difficile, 124, 561, 617–618 Bowel. See also Mechanical bowel Case presentations, 780–781 CMS. See Centers for Medicare and preparation Catheters Medicaid Services activity/diet resumption, 694–695 balloon, 634 CMV. See Cytomegalovirus continence, 33