CHINA Sichuanpower TRANSMISSION PROJECT
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FOR
CHINA SIcHuANPOWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT
(Final Report)
Document for The World Bank Appraisal BA-OOS-B
Sichuan Electric Power Company
Chengdu, China Sep., 1994 -. U
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.~ ~~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 -. S China Sichuan Power Transmission Project (Ertan 500kV Transmission Project) Environmental Impact Assessment
CONTENTS
1 Preface
1.1 General 1.2 Scope and the Purpose of EnvironImentImpact Assessment
2 Brief Description of the Project
2.1 Project Owner 2.2 Proposed Project 2.3 Necessity of the Project and Constuction Scale and Schedule 2.4 Location of the Project 2.5 Introduction to the Project
3 Environmental Conditions of the Impacted Region
3.1 Ertan to Zigong Honggou 500 kV Transmission line 3.1. 1 Natural Environment 3.1.2 Ecological Resource 3.1.3 Social Environment 3.1.4 Quality of Life 3.2 500 kV Substations and Switching Station 3.2.1 Zhaojue 500 kV Switching Stadon 3.2.2 Panzhihua 500 kV Substation 3.2.3 Zigong Honggou 500 kV Substation 3.2.4 Chengdu Longwang 500 kV Substation 3.2.5 Chongqing Chenjiaqiao 500 kV Substation 3.2.6 Changshou 500 kV Substation
4 Environmental Impact Forecast, and Control and Treatment Measures
4.1 Transmission Line Impacts on Environment 4.1.1 Impact on the Forest and Economic Trees 4.1.2 Potential Impact on Industrial Facilities and Mineral Resources 4.1.3 Impact on Wildlife and Conservation Areas 4.1.4 Impact on the Surrounding Scenery and Anesthetics 4.1.5 Construction Impacts 4.1.6 Occupation of Farmland
1 4. 1.7 Relocation 4.2 Impactof the Environmenton the TransmissionLine 4.2.1 'UnfavorableGeological Conditions 4.2.2 High Elevations 4.2.3 Heavy Icing 4.2.4 Air Pollution 4.2.5 Forest Fire 4.3 ElectromagneticEnvironmental Compatibility 4.3.1 The Impactsof the Ground Electric Field on the People, Domestic Animal and PreventiveMeasures 4.3.2 The Impactsof the TransmissionLine on the Wired and Radio Facilities 4.3.3 The Impactsof AudibleNoise and PreventiveMeasures 4.4 Envirom-nentalAssessment of 500 kV Substations 4.4.1 Land Occupation,Relocation and Felling of Trces 4.4.2 ConstructionImpacts and Mitigation 4.4.3 OperationalImpacts and MitigationMeasures 4.4.3.1 ElectromagneticField Effects 4.4.3.1.1 The hnpacts on the Wired and Radio CommunicationFacilities 4.4.3.1.2 The Inpacts of the Electromagnetic Field on Human 4.4.3.2 Noise Control 4.4.3.3 Waste Water Treatment 4.4.3.4 GreeningDesign 4.5 EnvirorunmentalImpacts on the Substation s Analysis of Alternatives
5.1 Technical and EconoomicalComparisons of Route Schemes 5.2 Relative ElectromagneticImpact Evaluationand Impactsof the Three AlternativeAligmnents
6 Mitigation Management and Monitoring Plan
6.1 OfficesResponsible for EnvironmentalProtection, Supervisionand Monitoring 6.2 Major MonitoringPrograms 6.2.1 MeteorologicalObservation 6.2.2 EarthquakeForecasting 6.2.3 The ESDD Observations 6.2.4 Health and SanitationMonitoring 6.2.5 Vegetation,Wildlife and Fish Monitoring 6.2.6 ElectromagneticEnvironmental Compatibility Monitoring
2 7 Estimated Expenditures for Environmental Protected Mitigation and Monitoring
7.1 Estimatedinvestment for transmissionline EnvironmentalProtection 7.2 The EstimatedExpenditure for the EnvironmentalProtection Mitigation and Monitoring 7.3 The Investmentfor the SubstationsEnvironmental Protection Mitigation and Monitoring
8 Public Participation
9 Conclusions
FIGURES
A. Ertan to Zigong500 kV TansmissionLine Corridorsand.Panzhihua, Zigong Honggou 500 kV Substations,Zhaojue 500 kV SwitchingStation Site Location (FIGUREA, DRW. No.50-XO5IK-X6-0 1)
B. Zigong-Chengdu,Zigong-Chongqing and Chongqing-Changshou500 kV TransmissionLine Corridors and Longwang,Zigong Honggou,and Chargshou 500 kV Substations Site Location(FIGURE B, DRW. No. 50-X051K-X6-02)
ANNEXES
A. EcologicalResource (Nature Reserves)
B. The Polity and Rules for the Administrationof Forest ReservesIssued by State and Local Government
C. CulturalProperty
D. SpecialSections and Its ConstructionMethods in Er-Zi 500 kV TransmissionLine Project
E. Brief Introductionto the EnvironmentalProtection Mitigation and MonitoringDepartments (SRIEPand SEMC)
FIGURES OF ANNEXES
1. DafengdingNature Reserve SketchMap (Figure 1)
3 2. Mt. Luoji Nature Reserve SketchMap (Figure 2)
3. The Special ConstructionMethods SketchMap (Figure3)
4. Cable way Map (Figure4)
5. The Park of Helicopter and Storage Yard for Er-Zi 5OOkVTransmission Lines (Figure5)
TABLES IN TEXT
1. The ConstructionScale of the Initial and the Final Stage of the TransformationProjects
2. MinimumVertical Distancesfrom TransmissionLines Overhead
3. The InductiveVoltage PermittedValue of wired Telecommunication Devices
4. The InterferenceProtection Distance of DifferentRadio Station Classes
5. The Informationof Land Taken and Relocationfor SubstationProjects
6. The Economical and TechnicalComparisons of Ertan-Zigong500 kV Transmission Line Alternatives
7. Relative ElectromagneticImpact Evaluation
8. Relative Impactsof the Three AlternativeAligunents
9. The EstimatedInvestment Expense of Er-Zi 5OOkVTransmission Line EnvironmentalImpact
10. The Estimated Expenditureof the EnvironmentalProtection MGPrt*_.ing
4 1 Preface
1.1 General
In 1976,a report entitled <
Three altemative routes were designed and evaluated, and on the basis of environmentaland other considerations,the middle altemative was chosen (see Figure A, DRW. No.50-XO5lk-X6-01).The chosen route was judged to have the least enviromnental impact of the three. The project complies with applicable environmentalprotection requirements.
All the environmentalprotection departnents located along the transmission line route have taken part in the environmentalimpact preventiveresearch.
1.2 Scope and the Purpose of Environmental Impact Assessment
The Ertan hydroelectric power station transmission project include 500 kV transmission lines and 500 kV transformation projects. The transmission line projects include Ertan to Honggou substationnear Zigong via Zhaojue (3 x 470 km transmission lines), Honggnu substation to Chenjiaqiao substation near Chongqing(one 162 kan transmissionline), Zigong to Longwangsubstation to the north of Chengdu( 2 x 190 kn transmission lines), Chenjiaqiao substation to Changshou substation near Fuling (one 100 kn transmission line). 500 kV transformationprojects include Panzhffihua,Zigong Honggou,Chengdu Longwang, Chongqing Chenjiaqiaosubstations as well as Zhaojue switching station. Adopted geneal planning for the Ertan 500 kV transmissionproject, and according to the
l locatlcondition individual design and constructcvery 500 kV transmissionline and substation. Ertaii to Zigong H-onggou500 kV transmission lincs are the main transmissionlines, which will tTansferthe uower generated in Ertan hydroelectric station to the main cities whtichare locat-d in Sichuan basin. The length of the transmissionlines from Ezlanhydroelectric power station to Zigong Honggou500 kV substation is seventy fivc percent of the total transmissionline length of the project.
Between Ertan and Zigong, the environmentalcondition is especially complex. The other 500 kV transmission line segments are: Zigong to Chongqing (Chenjiaqiao substation), Zigong to Chengdu (Longwang substation), Chengjiaqiaoto Changshousubstation, they are all located at the Sichuan basin, where the topographic,geologLcal conditions are relativelygood.
The EnvironmentalImpact Assessmentfocuses on the Er-Zi 500 kV transmission lines route altematives (for every route, the assessment corridor of 30 km was considered), and the 500 kV substations and switching station which have been deternined in the feasibility Studyof the project In this report, we only provide a map (Figure B, DrawingNo. 50-X051k-X6-02)concerning the route alternative alignmentof other transmissionline segments.
The Purposes of the EnvironmentalAssessment Report are to:
A. Forecast the short- and long-term adverse environmentalimpacts of the project;
B. Adopt a series of protectionmeasures so as to eliminate or/and minimize the adverse environmentalimpacts during the constructionand operationperiods;
C. Establish the environmentalfacilities and carry out environmentalmonitoring as well as supervisethe implementationof protectionmeasures; and
D. Calculatethe investmentneeded for environmentalprotection.
2 Document of Sichuan Environmental Protection Administration
ReferenceNo.:Chuan Huan Fa (1994) Kai Zi 038
Re: Review Comments of «c The EnvironmentalImpact Assessment (EIA) Report of Ertan HydroelectricStation Transmission Project>
Sichuan Electric Power Administration:
Your document named
1. The Ertan transmissionline is long, with high voltage and wide impactedarea. The selection of the Transmission line route has significant impact on the environment. The selected transmission line routes not only considered the economicalfactors, but also eliminatedthe environmentalimpact to the practical extent, especially worth to mention is that the selected routes avoid natural conservation zone, densely populated regions, so as to minimize the impact. From the view of environmentalimpact, the selected middle route scheme is feasible.
2. The << EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Report>> compiled by South West Electric Power Design Institute (SWEPDI), Ministry Of Electric Power, relatively completed analyzed the potential environmentalimpact factors, the correspondingpreventive measures are feasible. We agree the analysis opinion of environmentalimpact factors of the project.
3. The impact of transmission lines of Ertan transmission project on the ecologicalenvironment and their potential electromagneUc radiation are the main environmentalproblems of the project.
3.1 The middle and west segmentsof the transmnissionline will pass through Da Liang mountainousregion, except on Mt Luoji and Dafengdingnature reserves, with good vegetationand forest resources, the forest coveragerates of the other parts are low, with weak ecologicalenvironment and landslip, mud flow and landslide, etc- unfivorable geologicalconditions.
The construction of transmission lines must avoid passing through forest areas and miniimizethe felling of trees to the maximumpractical extent,the excavation
4 and the storage of the excavated soil must fully consider the surrounding environmentalconditions, it is forbidden to create new landslide, mud flow and landslip risks.
3.2 The west segment (Anning river valley ) and east Min river region, where there are relatively dense human populations,corresponding measures should be adopted to minimize electromagneticimpact on near by residents and animals. Shield nets should be set up in the densely populated areas, the design must strictly follow limited value requirements of transmissionline induced current for different distances, so as to ensure the safe operationof the transmissionline.
4. Enhance the environmentalimpact monitoring. Due to the transmissionline is long, the electric voltage is high, and the enviromnentalcondition along the transmission line corridor between Ertan and Honggouare very varied. In order to protect human health and the environment against potential impacts and to collect informationabout the impact of envizonmenton transmission line, it is necessary to establishmonitoring facilities along the transmissionline routes and designate specified personnel to monitor the items which are mentioned in the <«Environmental hmpact Assessment Report>>, local Electric Power Bureau may be responsiblefor the monitoring.
SichuanEnvironmental Protection Administration Feb. 6, 1994
Key Words:Power Transfer,Environmental Analysis, Review
Copy: Sichuan ProvincePlanning Commission SichuanProvince Construction Bureau Sichuan ProvinceTerritory Bureau SWEPDI, MinistryOf Electric Power
5 ABBREVIATIONSAND ACRONYMS USED
Er-Zi - Ertan-Zigong500 kV transmissionlines ESDD - Equivalent Salt Density Detection SEMC - SichuanEnvironr. ent MonitoringCenter SEPA - SichuanEnvirommental Protection Administration SEPC - Sichuan Electric Power Company SRIEP - SichuanResearch Instituteof EnvironmentalProtection SWEPDI- South-WestElectric Power Design Institute 2 Brief Description of the Project
2.1 Project Owner
The Owner of Ertan transmissionproject is SichuanElectric Power Company (SEPC), Ministry Of Electric Power, PRC.
2.2 ProposedProject Type
According to the classification principle of the loan project environmental assessmentof the World Bank,the projectbelongs to class A.
23 The Necessity of the Project and Construction Scale and Schedule
This pro3ect is the main transmissionline of the Sichuan electric network system and holds a very importantposition in the system. The Ertan hydroelectricstation which is under constructionwill transfer 3300 MW of electric power to the center of Sichuan basin. The Ertan hydroelectricstation is located at the Yalong river, 40 an north of Panzihihua,and 660 km south of Chengdu city. It is the largest hydroelectric station currently under construction in China. Its construction began in September 1991, and the expected test running date of the first unit is June 1998.It wfll be put into commercialoperation in October 1998.
After evaluationof the <
The constructionof the first line is expectedto be completedby the end of 1997, of the second by the end of 1998,and of the third by June 1999.
In order to distribute the generated electrc power of Ertan power station, five Substations will be constructed at Panzhihua, Zigong Honggou, Chongqing Chenjiaqiao, Changshou, Chengdu Longwang, as well as the Zhaojue 500 kV Switching Station. The inifial total capacity will be 5250 MVA, and the final capacity 7500 MVA.
.The constructionscale of Substationand Switch-stationis listed in table 1.
-3 Table I The Construction Scale of the Initial and the Final Stage
500 kV Main 500 kV TIL 220 kV T/L High-Voltage Name Transformer Number Number Reactance (MVA) (MVA) - , ! Ini. ! Fin. Ini. f Fin. I Ini. | Fin. I Ini. Fin.1 IPanzhihuaSS 3x250 16x250 I1 (4161 9 1 Y HonggouSS I 3x250I 6x250 1 7 | 10 J 6 12 1 3X15014x150] | ChenjiaqiaoSI 6x250 I 6x250 | 3 8 1 12 14 IChangshouSS(3x250 16X250 1 6 J 8 I1 1- 1 ILongwangSS (6x250 6x250j2 (6-8 1101121 IZhaoiue SW I 1 6 | 8 1 14x15014x150J
2.4 Location of the Project
The Ertan to Zigong 500 kV transmission lines will across the boundary of the Sichuan basin with the western mountain area and pass through the Liang mountains.The proposedNorth, Middle,
South route schemes will pass through Panzhihua city, Xichang region, Leshan region, Yaan region, Zigong city of Sichuan province and Zhaotong region of Yunnan province. We have determined tiree route schemes along the three parallel roads between Ertan and Zigong. This is shown on the attached drawing (No.50-XO05K-X6-01,Figure 2). According to the decision arising from the feasibility study, the rniddleroute is recommendedroute.
2.5 Introduction to the Project
The project is to construct a 500 kV main transmission line to form part of the Sichuan electric network in which it will hold a very important position. Its route will pass through the Liang mountains, as well as other mountainous regions, earthquakezones, and intensive lightningregions. The highest elevation of the line will be 3200 meters, and along the route unfavorablegeological conditions will be experienced including areas subject to landslips, landslides, mud flows, and soil erosion. In addition, about 100 km of the transmissionline pass through a heavy icing area. In order to obtain reliable data on icing a large scale ice observation station has been established which has already provided ten years of continuous records. Data obtained by the station show that the greatest ice weight that will be experienced is 24 kg/rn (equivalentto an ice thicknessof 90 mm). As a result the
4 constructionand operatingconditions will all be very difficult and of a type which is rarely found in China or elsewhere.
Unlike normal transmissionline projectsthe proposed line necessitatesthat many specialtechnical and economicproblems be studied and evaluated.The feasibility study of the project beganin December 1990 and has been finished successfully.
j 3 Environmental Condition of the Impact Region
3.1 Ertan to Zigong Honggou 500 kV Transmission line
3.1.1 Natural Environment
The land around the proposed route can be divided into the eastern and western areas, with the Ming river as the dividingline. The eastern area forms the Sichuan basin and adjacenthilly land, whereas the westem area comprisesmountains and plateaux. Of the total length of the transmission line, 80% runs through the mountainousareas, and 20% passes through hilly areas. In the mountainousarea, the geologicalstructure is complex,there are areas prone to landslips,mud flows, and soil erosion, and the basic potential earthquakeintensity is 9 degrees ( about equivalent to 5 on the Richter scale). This is quite high but there is ample informationfor the proper design of towers to withstnd such a shock-
Between the east and the west extents of the transmission line there significant differences in climate. The western mountainousarea, where the Yalong river runs, has a subtropicalclimate with just a wet and a dty season and subject to a south-westmonsoon. The middlesection of the line pass throughthe west Sichuan plateau area which has a plateau climate and great vertical differences: at the higher altitudes, the average temperature is 5 to 10 degree, the minimum temperatureis -10 to - 25 degree, and ice is expectedbetween Octoberand March. Road traffic in the region is frequently stopped because of ice and snow. The greatest ice weight observedby the ice observationstation is 24 kg/nLThe easten section of the line passes through the wet subtropical zone which experiencesa south-eastmonsoon and four seasonsincluding a wet winter, a dry spring, and a hot surnmer.The annual air temperatureis 15 to 18 degree, and the minimumair temperatureis between -2 and -5 degree.
3.1.2 EcologicalResources
In some areas along the route the forests is rich, but most are newly-plantedforest Few areas couldbe termedvirgin forest, and the average forest cover is about 30% } in the mountains,and about 10%O in the hills. The main trees include pine, Chinese fir, birch, camphor,cypress etc. Adjacent but some way from the transmissionline route itself there are densely-forestedmountamous regions where important and threatenedspecies of wildlife can be found such as giant and lesser panda, golden monkey,etc. as well as rare Chinese medicinalplants.
Wihin the general area of the transmission line there are two gazetted conservation areas: DafengdingNature Reserve and Mt. Luoji Nature Reserve.
6 Dafengding is located in the Daliang Mountains in Mabian, Meigu and Lebo counties. At higher altitudesthere are bamboo forests which form important panda habitat. The selected transmission line routes avoid any possible impact on this conservation area, by making the minimumdistance between the Nature Reserve boundary and the trnsmission line conidors over 5 kmn.
Mt Luoji Nature Reserve is about 30 km south of Xichang city, but its area lies within the administrativearea of the city, as well as within Dechang county and Puge county. The selected transmissionline routes avoid any possible impact on this nature reserve.
Detailed informationof these two nature reserves is given in Annex A.
Along the route, the main crops and other economicplants are potato, buckwheat, coin, and tea in the moutainous area, rice, wheat, cotton, fiber crop, mulberry, sugar cane, tobacco, etc. in the hilly land area.
3.1.3 Social Environment
The transmission lines will pass mainly through agricultural regions. During the selection of the route great care was taken to avoid industrial areas. The main socio-culturalimpact of the line is its electromagneticinterference with overhead communcation lines. There are a few areas with mineral resources (such as copper, coal, lead, zinc, phosphorus)along the transmissionline route but due to their limited extent, they are not exploited.
Due to the generaly mountainous terrain, road transport svstems are not well developed. There are, however, main roads and rilroads between Chengdu and Kunmmng,and along the Jinsha river and the Ming river, as well as the airline routes from Xichang,Yibin to major cities of Sichuan province.
Except for a few factories in villages and small towns, industry and agriculture in the western mountainousareas are poorly developed. The population density in the area is about 60 people per square kilometer. In the eastern hilly area, the population density is about 625 people per square kilometer, with relatively developedagriculture and industry.
3.1.4 Quality of Life
Since 1979,China's economy has developedrapidly and the people's quality of life has greatly improved. In the mountainous region, the problems of obtaining
7 adequate food and clothing are already solved. National policies for the developmentof agricultureas the foundation of the economy, accordingto the local resource conditions, determined the long term industrial and agricultural developmentplans. The developmentof highways has already been given a very high priority. The abundant water resources have been utilized for small-scale hydroelectricpower stations to improvethe local people's quality of life. Cultural; physical and health facilities are improving.For example, in and around urban areas 95% of school-age children attend elementary and middle school. The socioeconomicconditions of the eastem hilly region have developedfaster than in the western region. With the improvementof the people's quality of life, local tourism resources have been developed.For example,along the transmissionline, the tourist resources include Qiong Hai lake, Lu mountain in Xichang city, the glacier relic of Luoji mountain, the Zigong dinosaur fossils, and Dafengding Nature Reserve.
3.2 500 kV Substations and Switching Station
3.2.1 Zhaojue 500 kV Switching Station
Some 5 km to the north-east of Zhaojue town, and 0.5 km from Puti village is the switching station. The elevationhere is 2075-2100meters. Since the west side of the switching station is close to the Zhaojue-Puxiong road, the communi- cations and transportationconditions are good. Around the site area are sparsely scattered vegetation and arable land. There are no unfavorable geological conditions such as landslides or faults across the site, so the site foundation is relativelystable. The basic potential earhiquakeintensity is 7 degrees.
There is no source of in dustrial pollution nearby and so the area has good atmosphericenvironmental quality.
Zhaojue is an agricultural county, with very few industrial facilities. Apart from the air and water immediately around the industrial plants the environmental quality is good. The Zhaojue river water quality index and the well water quality index are all widtin the potable water national standards of China. The Zhaojue river water qualityis shown below . (Source:Zhaojue county epidemicprevetion station)
Item Value Unit
pH value 7.1 - 7.8 Dissolved oxygen 7.3 - 20.1 mg/i Chemicaloxygen demand 7.11 - 8.43 mg/I Chlorine 0.60- 0.85 mg/I
8S' Iron 0.04 - 0.06 mg/i Total hardness 6.22 -- 75.30 mg/i Arsenic < 0.001 mgll Chromium < 0.001 mg/l Mercuy < 0.001 mg/i Sulfide No
The likelihood of drought at the site section of Zhaojue river is 97 percent, the water flow at the section is 0.5 cubic meter per second. Because of the wide bed of the river, wells can be dug on the river beach to satisfy the need of station operationand the staff living there (about25 tons per hour).
The site occupies a total of 4.94 ha, and there is no problem of relocating any residents.
3.2.2 Panzhihua 500 kV Substation
Some 15 kan south-east of Panzhihua city center is the substation.About 3 km to the north of the site is Jinjiang train station. The terrain slopes from west to cast, gently sloping down to the Jinsha river, the elevation difference between the ground and the river is about 300 meters. The elevation of substation site is 1288.5-1345 meters, with a relative elevation difference of 66 meters. No problematic geologicalconditions, such as landslides and paraclase, exist in the site area, and so the site foundation is basically stable. The basic potential earthquakeintensity is 7 degrees.
Panzhihua city is a medium-sizedindustrial city, with the main industries being mine exploitation,steel and smeltingmanufactung. The atmosphericpollution of Panzhihua city is serious, with the main pollutants being suspended particles containingvarious heavy metals. In the 1982, the total annual discharged amounts of dust, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides were 95,300 tons, 35,500 tons, 72,800 tons, 10,200tons. The pollutants level at Huomeikou,Luoluopin, and Midi districts are especially serious, but the substation is located in the relatively clean Jinjiang district,far away from the pollutionresources.
The Jinsha river is the main source of water for Panzhihuacity but it also receives most of the domestic and industrialwaste water. Water quality monitoring of the Jinsha river shows that in the section flowing through Panzhihua, the suspended solid, colitic bacteria, total bacteria, and iron content all exceed their specified stizidard. The pH value, ammonia, and nitrogen contents occasionally exceed the standard.
9 The environmentalprotection bureau of Panzhihua city is improvingthe Jinsha river water quality. It is proposedthat the water for the operation and staff needs of the substationwill be taken from the Dukou steel plant, which is 3 kilometers away from the site.
The site occupies a total area of 9.97 ha, 6.98 ha of which is dry land,' and 2.99 rice land. Two householdscurrently within the site location will be removed (252 square meters).
3.2.3 Zigong Honggou 500 kV Substation
The substation site is located in the Tianpu village of Fushun county, south of the site is the Zifu road (from Zigong city to Fushun county), and to the east, the Yuantan to Washi road pazses nearby. The communicationsand transportation conditions are good. The site terrain is hilly with five small hills, their natural slope is less than 10 degrees and the maximumelevation difference is about 30 meters.
The site is located in farm land, 70% of which is dry-land,the remaining 30% is irrigated. The site is located upwind of Yuantantown and is about 10 km away from the area of chemicalindustries. The site is located in a slightlypolluted area. The Fuxi river water is polluted by industrial waste water and domestic waste which are dischargedupstream, and the former containsvarious poisonous metals and cannot be used as irrigation or potable water. The water used for the substationwill be suppliedfrom the Yuantanwater treatmentplant.
The site occupiesa total area of 8.22 ha, 6.58 ha of which is dry land, and 1.64 is irrigated land. Two households within the site location will be resettled (325 square meters).
3.2.4 Chengdu Longwang 500 kV Substation
The site is located 2 km from Longwangtown of Qingbaijiangdistrict, and 31 km from Chengdu city. Two country roads run 600 meters away on two sides of the site. The transportationconditions are good.The site is on a smallhill, the relative elevation differencebetween its summit and base is only about 20 meters. There are no unfavorablegeological phenomena associated with the site, and so the site foundationis stable. The basic potential earthquakeintensity is 7 degrees. The site is located in an agriculturalregion, most of which is poor-qualitydry fields. The main crops include rice, wheat, corn, rape, etc. There are no sources of pollution nearby, and the atmosphericenvironmental quality is good.
10 The substation is located in an area of poor water availability.It is proposed to pump groundwaterfrom a locationnear the Xi river as the reliable water resource for the substationL
The site occupiesa total area of 10.61ha. Within the site area, one household will be resettled (126 square meters).
3.2.5 Chongqing Chenjiaqiao 500 kV substation
The site is located at the Yupin, Chengjiaqiaotown region of Ba county and is about 50 Km away from Chongqingcity. To the west of the site is the Longfong river, to the east is Jiaodingmountain. The Xiyong train station is 6 kan away from Chenjiaqiao town. There is a road which connects the site with the Chengdu- Chongqinghighway, and so the communicationsand transportationconditions are very good. The substation site is situated in hilly land below a mountain. Gentle slopes and shallow valleys are crisscrossedwith weathered geomorphicfeatures, and there is a naturalgully nnming through the site. The geologicalstructure of the site is simple with no fault, no landslide, or other unfavorable geological phenomena.The site foundationis therefore stable. The basic earthquakeintensity is 6 degrees.
West of the site is the Longfengriver, the flow in which is not reliable. Water will be pumped from a relaibale phreatic source 3 km to the west of the substation, the dischargefrom which can meet the operation,living and fire fightingrequirements of the substation.
Apart from a few small-scaleplants in Chenjiaqiao,there are no importantsources of mdustrialpollution. The environmentalquality here is good.
The site occupies a total area of 11.14 ha, 7.8 ha of which is dry land, 3.34 is irrigatedland. One householdwithin the site locationwill be resettled(205 square meters).
3.2.6 Changshou 500 kV Substation
This substationlies 14 km to the north of Changshoucounty, near Weixin village, Zbitong town. Vilage roads pass to the east and south-westsides of the site, and so the transportationconditions are good. The site is located in hilly land. The -elevationof the north-west side is higher than that of the souti-east side. The average slope is 6 degrees. The basic potential earthquakeintensity is less than 6 degrees. Most of the land aroundthe site is dry and irrigated land, the main crops being corn, potato, and rice. The site occupies a total area of 12 ha, 8.5 ha of
11 which is dry land, and 3.5 ha is irrigated rice fields. Witiin the site area, three houses will be removed(532 square meters).
There are no sourcesof pollution aroundthe site.
12 4 EnvironmentalImpact Forecast, and Controland Treatment Measures
4.1 TransmissionLine Impacts on Environment and PreventiveMeasures
4.1.1 Impacton the Forest and Economic Trees
Chinese regulationsstipulate that when transmissionlines pass through forest land, a cleared right-of-waymust be establishedwith a width at least twice the width of outer phase spacing plus the height of the trees.
The felling of trees can disturb the ecologicalconditions of an area and may cause soil erosion. Protection of forest reserves in China is an important policy (see Annex B «c The Policy and Rules for the Managementof Forest Reserves Issued by State and Local Government»>).Transmission lines are not permitted to pass through virgin forest or areas of economic trees, or through scenic locations or nature resenres, unless there is no other alternative. If the transmission lines do pass through forest land, the height of the trasmission line across the forest land is generally increased,and the felling of trees is minimized.After comparison,the delta configurationsteel tower can reduce the width of transmissionline conidor by 13 to 15 m compare with that of flat configurationsteel tower, so in te forest and densely-populatedbuilt-up areas, the delta configuration steel tower will be adopted, because it can decrease by 20-30% the forest feUledand the buildings removed. In the mountainousarea, if the net height of the conductors above the valley trees is over 30 m, the trees need not be cut.
4.1.2 PotentialImpact on IndustrialFacilities and Mineral Resources
Chinese design criteria stipulate the safe distance between transmission lines and combustive, explosive and other dangerous facilities, as well as from factory buildings, storehouse, etc. For example,theminimum safe fire protection distance between transmissionlines and any first class dangerousworkshop, store house, and combustiblematerial stockyards,as well as combustiblegas storage tanks can not be less than 1.5 times the height of the tower. Furthermore,there are basic requirements for the transmission line crossing or running along a highway, railway, river, telecommunicationline, power line, etc. These requirements must be followed in designL
The minimum vertical distances between the transmission line and various facilities under the line are shown in the followingtable.
13 Table 2 Minimum Vertical Distances from Transmission Lines Overhead
Permitted Facility Minimum Vertical Distance
The Ground Surfaceof Non-esidential Areas 12 The Ground Surfaceof ResidentialAreas 14 The Ground Surfaceof Areas that RarelyHave People PassingThrough 9 FrequentlyUsed RailwayTrack 14 In FrequentlyUsed Railway Track 13 Highway 14 Road 12 NavigableRiver, The MaximumFlood Levelin 5 Years 10 The Masdicad of Ship 6 Non-navigatedRiver, The MaximumFlood Level 7 The C-roundWire of Power Line 6 The Top of Tower of Power Line B.5 I-II CommunicationLine 8.5 Ropeway _.5 Source: TechnicalDesign Rules for OverheadTransmission Lines, Issued by the Ministy Of Energy,PRC.
Near the transmission line corridor there are mine resjurces. The route should also avoid passing over mineral deposits that potentially could be exploited . If it is not possible, approval must-be sought from the local authorities.
Where transmission line runs parallel to a telecommunication line, the electromagnetic field of the extra-high voltage transmission line can induce a high potential. In order to avoid possible accidents during the construction and maintenance of parallel lines, protectors and grounding devices should be installed.
4.1.3 Impact on Wildlife and Conservation Areas
In order to protect rare and endangered species of wildlife, China has establshed, and is still establishing, a variety of conservation areas. For example, in the densely forested region between Meigu county and Mabian county, is the Dafengding Nature Reserve established to protect vanous species of threatened species, including the giant panda. Based on the national environmental protection policy, the alignment of the transmission line was designed to avoid natrwe reserve boundaries by a minimum of five kilometers. The elevation of the line at this point
14 is lower han the favored habitat for the threatenedspecies. The minimumdistance from the transmission line to the bamboo forests occupied by the giant panda is over 20 kdlometers.By running over rivers, there will be no impact on the aquatic resources.
The selected transmissionline routes have already avoid the possible impact on the nature reserveswithin the study area (See Annex A).
4.1A Impact on the Surrounding Scenery and Anesthetics
Transmissionline towers have visual impacts on surrounding landscapes. It is necessary to carefully consider the harmony between the transmission line and surrounding environment.Based on foreign experience, the following measures have been considered:
A. Select a route which will have the least effect on the natural environment(for example, the transmissionlines will not be permitted to pass through forest), and avoid installingtowers on mountainridges;
B. avoid passing through natural scenic areas and areas with cultural and anesthetic values(See Annex C);
C. providenatural screning or concealmentusing natural topography;
D. conceal the towers by painting them to blend into the background and to reduce reflectivity;and
E. select the tower with a handsomeappearance.
4.1.5 Construction Impacts
Project constructionwill require land acquisition,tree felling, loss of crops, and earth excavation. In addition, blasting will cause loud noise, which will have adverse effects on the residentsand any wildlifenear the constructionsite.
According to the construcfionexperience, in order to minimi e the construction iInpacton the environment,the followingmeasures should be taken:
A. Adopt the stdnging of conductorsunder tension and minimizethe width of the constructionpassway to less than 4 meters;
B. adopt small-pieceerection techniques;
15 C. if it can meet the requirementsof the construction schedule, line stringing should be done after the fall harvest in agricultural areas in order to minimize the damage to the crops;
D. adopt compression method to connect conductors, and use noise control measures during the excavation. Excavated soil will be stocked at specified locations.
E. adopt aerial cable ways to transportthe parts, if possible;
F. rent existing houses for constructionoffices rather than building temporary facilities;
G. using helicopter, flying machines (e.g. model airplanes, airships, etc.) in those sections that are in forest and have difficult access (See Annex D).
4.1.6 Occupation of Farmland
In China, the transmissionline corridor does not require the expropriationof land, only the foundationof tower and newly-built and extended roads will require land acquisition. Thus, the land under the lines between the tower will sfll belong to the onginal owner, and the plating of the crops will not be affected. The expropriation of the land will follow the corresponding Chinese policy, the compensationfee being about 10 to 20 times that of the value of the crops. This policy is important because it minimizesthe area of farmland lost to the project. The selected transnmssionline route should avoid impacts to farmland to the maximumpractical extent; 80% of the transmissionline runs throughmountainous country, where uncultivatedland comprises about 60% of the area, only 5% is cultivated,and forest land comprises35%.
4.1.7 Relocation
In the mountainous areas the human population is sparsely distributed, but it becomes dense in the hilly areas. The transmissionalignments were planned so as to avoid the necessity of displacinghouses to the maximum extent practical. The principles for the displacementof house are as following:
A. the route of the transmissionline will not pass throughresidential regions;
B. relocation problems will be avoided to the maximum practical extent The houses which will impact the safety of the constuction and opeation of the
16 transmission line, before they will be displaced,must get the agreement of the owners and the local government;
C. the compensationfee is based on the squaremeter of the house and the price of rebuildinga new house providedby the local government,
D. there are clear differences between the resettlement requirements of a ransnission line and of a hydroelectric power station with a reservoir. For example, in the Ertan-Zigongsegment of this project the impacted individuals number less than 2.4 per kilometer and relocation is still within the original village. According to the policies of China, based on the principle of avoiding impactsfrom the transmissionline, the displacedhouse awner can.selecta location for the new house within his original village. Normally, the new house is only about 100 to 1,000 meters away from the original position. Alternativehousing should be completed before relocation is needed. The compensation fee also include the house foundation fee and the fee needed for the conversion of the original house foundation to ihe farmland. Due to this favorable policy, house owners are normally willingto move to a new location and to build a new house.
E. Transission Line Relocation
The criteria for house removal are: A). under a no-wind deviationcondition, -the houses that.are within the scope of tansmission line outer phase and those that are within a further five meters on both sides will be removed.
B). under a maximum deviation condition, the houses which are within 8.5 meters net distanceof the transmissionline outer phase will be removed
C). outside the outer phase, under a no-wind deviationcondition, the houses will be removed where, one meter abovethe ground,the electrostaticinduced electric field intensity is over 4 kV/m.
F. MinorityNationality Region Relocation
Along Ertan to Zigong 500 kV transmission line, 27Q,akmwill pass through Liangshan Yi Nationality Autonomous Region, Zhaojue switch station is also located within the region.This regionhas relative high density of Yi people, about 60 persons per square kilometer.The houses of Yi people are sparsely scattered. The selectionof transmissionline route and switch station site is based strictly on the policies of minority nationality,much attentionsare paid to protect the culture, local condition and customs of Yi people. The selected transmission line route
17 avoids passing through residential areas of Yi peoplc and the TDt is arrangiedto pass through uncultivatedland and low-yield land as far as possible. The Ertan transmissionproject has no Yi people relocation problem.
In this project, considerableattention has been paid to avoiding densely populated areas; consequently,the nunber of houses which will be demolished is much less than that of similar projects. For the Ertan-Zigongtransmission line segment the estimated average total area of the houses removed for the three circuits is about 32,900 square meters (265 families and 1140 individuals). - -
4.2 Impact of the Environment on the Transmission line
4.2.1 Unfavorable Geologic Conditions
The transmission line will pass through mountainousareas where the geological texture is complex. The potential earthquakerisks and intensities are high and are a potential threat to the safety of the transmission line. Remote geological sensing techniques have been used, so as to choose the zones of the least unfavorable geologicalconditions. The calculationof the earthquake loading and tower foundations is based on Chinese civil structure design regulations. In addition, unequaled tower legs and unequaled foundations will be used to niuniize disturbance to the earth surface.To the extent permitted by tower strucualra stability,it is planned that each leg foundation will be get into the existing topography to avoid extensive excavation.Thelower portions of the legs of the towers will be adjusted in length to compensatefor differencesin elevation of the foundations.
4.2.2 High Elevations
The elevation of 67% of the transmissionline is over 1000 meters, and the highest elevation is over 3200 meters. The higher the elevation, the lower the air density and the absolute humidity, so the discharge voltage of the insulator and the air span decrease. In order to provide the necessary insulationlevel during standard meteorological conditions, it is necessary to increase the standard insulation to compensatefor the conditions.The regulation of the insulationcoordination uses a method similar to that of the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC). The necessary meteorological data will be obtained from the meteorological observationstations, which have been located along the transmissionline route.
It has been proved that the flash-over voltage of the ice-covered insulator will decrease, but whether the elevation variation has an impact on the flash-over voltage of ice-coveied insulatorswil be the subjectof further research.
is 4.2.3 Heavy Icing -*
The transmissionline will pass throughthe Da Liang Mountainswhere the climate can be extremely cold, and the ice loading of the conductor will be very heavy. The characters of a heavy ice- covered transmission line are higher loads and mateijal waste, as well as higher accident rate, and greater operating and maintenance difficulties.During operation, ice dropping from the lines can cause large vibrations, and the ice may form unevenly. If the line is too thin, it may break or there may be insulatordamage and/or frequenttripping problems. On the other hand, if the line is unnecessarily thick there will be a wastage of cable material.
It is clearly important to make the right design for the cable, the number of the subconductors, the arrangementof subconductors and tower head, etc. An ice observation station has been establishedalong the transmission line route, and it has provided some valuable data for design models. However, it is still difficult to accurately forecastthe ice coveringvalue. Our design and operation experienceof Utansmissionline in the heavy ice area are to try to avoid the-heavy ice zone, and then to increase the reliabilityof the tmrnsmissionline.
Ertan Hydroelectric station has four 500 kV circuits, in order to increase the reliability, there are two tranission line pathways.In order to get the advanced transmissionline design technologiesconcerning the high elevation and heavy ice loading,the projectwill invite foreign specialiststo offer advice.
4.2.4 Air Pollution
The contaminationflash-over vo]tage of the insulators will decrease-considerably in the heavily-pollutedair and induce the tripping of the line. Thus, the number of the insulators will be determined by the leakage distance under the power frequency voltage. Over twenty ESDD observationstations have been established along the transmissionline to correctlyclassity the pollutantclasses.
4.2.5 Forest Fire
Forest fires could threatenthe safety of the transmissionline. The potential for fire can be solved by clearingthe right of way and creating a safety distance, and it is necessaryto enhancethe supervisionof potentialfires along the transmissionline, especially in forest areas. The most effective fire preventivemeasure is to avoid potential fire situations.
19 4.3 Electromagnetic Environmental Compatibility
4.3.1 The Impacts of the Ground Electric Field on People, Domestic Animals and Their Preventive Measures
Around the extra-high voltage transmission lines, there exist insensitive electrostatic fields. The electrostatic effect can create either transient electric shocks or stable electric shocks to people and aniimals.Isolated conductiveobjects located in the electric field will induce an electric charge. If the inductionvoltage is relatively high, and a person comes into contact with the isolated conductive object, the person will sense a tansient electric shock If the contact time is longer, there will be a stable electric shock. If the discharge current through the human body exceeds the safety limit, the person will suffer the first type electric shock which can be very serious,the second electric shock will cause the victim annoyance, itching etc. To avoid these adverse impacts, Chinese regulations stipulate that it is forbidden for the first type electric shock to occur, and the incidence of the second type electric shock must be reduced. The regulationsthus stipulate that, for isolated conductors,such as people, trucks or cars temporarily beneath the transmissionline, the induction current must not exceed 5 mA at one meter above the ground, the maximum unperturbed field intensity of a 500 kV transmission line must limited: for highway at 7 kV/m, farmland at 9.5 kVIm, residential areas at 5 kV/in, and at the edge of the route passage at 4 kV/mL
The planting of trees or the installation of a shield net near buildings can reduce the strength of the ground electric field. The test and research results of China National Electric Science Research Institute have shown that the area of high electric field beneath delta configurationsteel towers is less than tat beneath flat configurationsteel towers, such that the area with a 4 kV/m electric field will be reduced by 35%. It is therefore best to use the delta configurationsteel towers in the eastem regionbecause of the high human populationdensity.
4.3.2 The Impact of the Transmission line on Wired Communication and Radio Facilities
The power frequency of the electric,and magnetic fields of transmissionline will interfere with the wired and radio telecommunicationfacilities and may cause dangerous electromagnetic problems. In addition, the corona and the interval discharge of the transmissionline will cause radio interference. hi order to effectivelysolve the interferenceproblem between the tansmission line and the telecommunicationfacilities, relevant regulations stipulate hat the impact must be limited to ensure the safe and normal operation of the telecommunication
20 facilities. If the transmission line route cannot be avoided, it is necessary to negotiate with the local telecommunicationdepartnent and adopt acceptable protectiondevices and measures.
The permitted value for various telecommunicationdevices are listed in table 3 and table 4.
Table 3 The Inductive Voltage Permitted Value of Wired Telecommunication Devices
PowerWire Situation Comminication Common Ground Noise DeviceType Module Voltage Voltage
______Voltage (V) (V)., (mV)L GroudingFault Wire 650
(Transsit) Cable 60%Udct 65%Udct 85%Uact 85%Uact
CommunicationLines 650
NormalOperation CommunicationLines _ _ 4.5 Note: Udctmeans the direct current test voltage; Uact meansthe altermativecurrent test voltage.
Table 4 The Interference Protection Distance of Different RadioStation Classes .______m(M) T1LVoltage Class (500 kV) The Name of Devices Radio Station Class
______~~~I I I In Broadcast Radio Sta. 1200 900 500 Moni.Sta. 2000 1000 500 Short Wave Radio Dire. Sta. 2000 Short Wave Radio SignalRPep. Sta. 1800 1100 700 TV Transfer& Reception Station VHF(I) 500 uHF(li) 400 Warning,GuidingRadar Sta. VHF 1600 UHF 1000 MiddleWave NavigationSta. 500 Super-ShortWave Dire. Sta. 700 NavigationBeacon Sta 3000 FlyingBeacon Sta. 900 Note: When these protectiondistances cannot be met, based on th actual condition, calculatethe safety distance,or determineit by experiments.
21 In China, the radio interference level (RI) of the transmission line corridor has been linited by relevant regulations.It is required that, during sunny days when the frequency is I Hz, the RI value can not exceed 50 dB 20 m from the edge of the transmission line. According to experience, the formula recommended by InternationalElectric EngineeringCommittee when the elevationreaches 3,200 m, using 4 x 400 square millimeterconductors, the RI value is 40 dB.
Due to the importance of the transmission line, construction and operation conditions of the line will- have to be improved. In the mountainous area, the transmission line route is normally along the same route as the overhead telecommunicationlines. The consequence is that there exists the potential for interferenceand electromagneticdanger of the transmissionline with the overhead comaunication lines. For the class I telecommunicationline from Xichang to Xinshi, the recommended preventive measure against interference is to change the line to the optical fiber cable. For the other Class II and III telecommunication lines, the recommended preventive measures include installation of dischargers, shielding of the line, and partially changingthe route of the communicationline.
4.3.3 The Impact of Audible Noise and Preventive Measures
With the increase of the factories and other kinds of noise sources, more attention has been paid to the noise pollution problem, and noise control has become a very important part of environmentalprotection in every country. People are aware that the Extra High Voltage (EHV) trnsmission line is a new kdnd of noise source. During the humid weather condition, the collision of water drops may create corona Audible Noise (AN).
During humid weather conditions or rainy days, and when the frequency is between 20 Hz to 20 KHz, the AN level is especially high. In order to protect the environment, some countries have limits for ihe audible noise at the edge of the transmission line corridor. For example, in America, the AN level is one of the limiting factors for the design of the EHV transmissionlines. In China, however, there not yet any relevant regulationsto limit AN.
As we know that the AN value is related to the electric field intensity on the surface of transmission line, so careful selection of the arrangement of bundle conductors can reduce the AN value. Calculations show that, in the eastern densely populated area, using 4 x 400 square millimeterconductors during rainy days, the AN value is 49.79 dB at a horizontal distance of 20 meters away from the wire. That is below the control value of 55 dB, which is the stadard limiting value in the United States. In addition, as the distance increases, the AN value
22 decreases,so the influence of the transmission line on residential areas far away from the transmissionline is slight.
4.4 Environmental Assessment of 500 kV Substations
4.4.1 Land Occupation, Relocation and Felling of Trees
For the transformers to be instaled in substation and switching station no PCB's containing oils will be used.The main environmentalimpacts of-this project are farm land occupation,relocation, and tree felling during construction.
While the project was being designed, efforts were made to select sites on slopes or low productivityfarmland, and to makethe layout as compactas possible (using Gas Isolate Switchguards(GIS)and hard bus), and to align the tansmission line routes along the exising roads so as to shorten any new roads needed for access to the substation sites. In addition, the selected sites avoided the forest land and denseresidential areas, thereby miniMizing the impacton forest land area and the number of houses to be demolished. .
The information concerning the land occupationand the number of demolished houses for the construction of the five substations and one switching station are listed in following table 5.
Table 5 The Information of Lanal Occupation and Relocation for Substation Projects
Land Taken ha) Houses Demolished Item Dry Wet Total Area Household Individual _(sq m) Panzhihua 6.98 2.99 9.97 252 2 6 Honggou 6.58 1.64 8.22 325 2 7 Longwang 10.61 10.61 126 1 4 Chengjiaqiao 7.798 3.342 11.14 205 1 5 Changshou 8.5 3.5 12 532 3 10 Zhaojue 4.94 / 4.94 / /I Total 45.408 11.292 56.88 1440 9 32
23 4.4.2 Construction Impacts and Mitigation
Rain water runoff has erosion impact on the bare earth surfaces exposed during construction. It is necessary to do detailed planning for the excavation and refilling in order to control soil erosion. The relevant preventative measures include limiting the slope of excavated ground to less than 6 percent, constructing sewers and retaining wall, as well as planting grass, shrubs and trees on the excavated earth surface,and changingthe excavatedarea into farmland,etc.
Suitable preventive measures will be used to control the construction noise, vibration, fly dust and to minimize or/and eliminate their impacts on the surrounding residents and undergroundwater, so as to meet the requirements of environmental protection standards. During the construction phase of the substations and the switching station, there will be temporary enviromnent pollution and destruction. However, with suitable management and control measures, it is possible to eliminate or minimiizethe harm to the environmentand to limit the environmentalimpact wiftiinthe permittedrange.
4.4.3 Operational Impacts and Mitigation Measures
4.4.3.1 Electromagnetic Field Effects
4.43.1.1 Impact on the Wired and Radio Communication Facilities
Same as the Extra High Voltage(EHV)transmission line, the 500 kV substation and switching station will also induce an electromagneticfield and a corona discharge,which may interferewith the nearby communicationlines and the radio facilities, and cause dangerous electromagneticeffects. In order to prevent these impacts, China has stipulated a series of rules and regulations,such as G136830-80 «The Tolerable Limits of Danger on TelecommunicationLines From Power Lines>> and GB749-87<
As mentioned above, the Chengdu Longwang and Chongqing Chenjiaqiao substations are extension projects, based on the existing 220 kV substations. During their initial design and construction,the possibility of fiurtherextending the 500 kV substationshas been considered.
24 The sites of the other substation are all located in the farmland areas, far away from the city and town area, the selected site locations have already avoided the electromagneticimpact on wired and radio facilities.
4.4.3.1.2 The Impacts of the Electromagnetic Field on Human
As mentioned in section 4.3, electrostatic fields exist around areas of extra high voltage-transmission lines and facilities, and the electrostatic effect has adverse impacts on the operators.In addition, it is necessaxyto prevent the adverse impacts of electrostaticinduction on other low voltage facilities.
Since there is a close relation between electrostatic effects and electric field- intensity, the ground electric field intensity is used to represent the electrostatic effect level. To minimize the impact of these electrostatic effects, Chinese design regulatons stipulatethe followinglnimted value for the unpeturbed electric field:
The area within the electric distributionfacilities:
Distribution instllation area: -- - 10k/Mm Operatorworldng area: 8 kV/m Substationfence (not in the outgoingdirection): 5 kVtm
Due to the discharge spark of electrostatic induction, the combustible and explosive outdoor facilities and building should be sited 40 m away from the chargedbody.
4.4.3.2 Noise Control
Noise is harmfulto humans, and in today's society more and more attention is paid to noise problems. The design of substationswill adopt noise control measures. hI China, it is required that, inside buildings, the continuous noise levels shall not exceed the following values:
In the main control building: 55 - 65 dB Office: 60 - 70 dB Duty room in the operationbuilding: 85 - 90 dB
The main noise sources in the substationand switchingstation are electromagnetic noise and corona noise.
25 The preventivemeasures are:
A. during the layout of the substation, the soundproofand silence fumctionof building and trees should be considered,so as to reduce the noise effect;
B. in the main control building,after the silencing and soundproofingmeasures, the noise level in the main control room will meet the standard;
C. selection of equipmentwith low noise levels, for example, the reactor and transformernoise level should be below 80 dB and 85 dB; and
D. under the highest operation voltage, during the night and in fair weather conditions,there should be no visible corona in the high voltagefacilities.
4.4.3.3 Waste Water Treatment
The expected waste waters from the substation and switching station comprise production waste water, oily water from the oil system, as well as smaLlamounts of domestic waste dischargedfrom the substationLThe design is based on the principles of water saving and comprehensivetreatment, and a water management system will be established.Based on the characters of these waste waters, the followingtreatment measures will be adopted:
A. Oily water will be dischargedto an emergencyoil pond. After separatingthe oil and water, oil will be recoveredand the remainingsmall amount of water will be discharged. Due to the small amount of water to be discharged, it will not influencethe quality of the receivingwater body.
B. Waste acid water from the accumulatorswill be teated by neutralization.ma pond for that purpose .The pH value will be adjustedto within the specifiedrange 5.5to 9.0, then the water will be discharged.
C. Domestic waste water will be treated by biochemical disinfectionto ensure its quality meets the effluent standardrequirements,and then it will be discharged.
4.4.3.4 Greening Design
Plants not only can beautif the environmentbut also can prevent dust, reduce noise levels, as well as minimize radiation. According to the climate and soil conditions,trees will be selected for their suitability,speed of growth, and ability to prevent fire and dust They will be used for the greeningof the substationarea,
26 and this will createa morebeautiful and comfortableworking environment for the employees.
4.5 EnvironmentalImpacts on the Substation
The environmentalimpact -factors include air pollution,ice and snow, high elevation,unfavorable geological conditions, earthquakes etc. Thesefactors were fully consideredduring the site selection.In this project, all substationsand switchingstation are located in light icing areas, the geologicalinvestigation results show that the geologicalconditions of each site are fairly good, and the potentialearthquake intensity is only 6 to 7 degrees.Apart from the elevationof the Zhaojueswitching station ( 2075 - 2100 meters) and Panzihua substation (1285- 1345meters), all the othersubstations are below 1000 meters.
Panzbihua,Longwang and Honggou substations are locatednear cities,and so it is necessaryto protect conductorsagainst pollution.Air pollution and the high elevationare themain environmentalimpact factors on the project
With regardto the problemsof coronaand insulation,wbich are related to the high elevation,both Chinaand othercountries already 'have plenty of experience.This will be used directlyin this project.Each substationhas and establishedESDD observationstation, and will providereliable data for the classificationof pollutant levelsfor insulationdesign.
27 5 Analysis of Alternatir-es
5.1 Main items of Ertan to Zigong 500 kV transmission lines north, middle and south routes economical and technical comparisons are listed in table 6.
Table 6 The Economicaland TechnicalComparisons of the North, the Middle and the South RouteScheme of Ertan-Zigang 500 kV Transmission Lines
East._SSaas Rank Iseis ml. 1aste Sash Basis I. Toau tn li saedesedlisaia
I teLtib at Raue h4e) sn 410 u30
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.1 28 5.2 Relative electromagnetic impact evaluation is listed in table 7 and the relative impacts of the three altemative alignments is listed in following table 8.
Table 7 Relative Electromagnetic Impact Evaluation
Item Er-Zi 500 kV T/L Route Scheme North Middle South Wired Communication 3 4 3 AudibleNoise 4 4 4 Micro-waveSystem 3 4 3 Radio TV TransferStaL 3 4 3 Range AdjustRadio Sta. 3 4 3 Air Navigation Station 3 3 4 Comprehensive Evaluation 3 4 3
Note: Scored on the basis of 5. The higherthe score,the better the condition.
Table 8 Relative Impacts of the Three Alternative Alignments
Item Alternative North Middle South T/L Length (km) i 577 470 530 Forest,Vegetation 33 37 30 Transfic,CommuniiicationFacilitie! 35 39 26 Topography 34 31 35 Geology 28 41 31 Meteorology,IceCovering 35 32 33 PopulationDensity 29 40 31 EnvironmentalImpact 32 36 32 rotal 226 256 218
Note: The scores are based on a total of 100 for each aspect. The higherthe score, the better the condition.
After the above environmental impact analysis and evaluation of the project, it was determined that the middle a alternative has the least enviromnental impact. After the adoption of preventive measuresthe resulting electromagnetic levels can meet the environmental protection requirements. In addition, the expenditure for the mitigation measures is relatively low and technological skills are locally available.
29 6 Mitigation Management and Monitoring Plan
6.1 Offices Responsible for Environmental Protection, Supervision and Monitoring
The environmental protection offices responsible for transmission lines, the substations and the switching station are Panzhihua Electric EngineeringBureau, Xichang Electric EngineeringBureau, Yibin Electric EngineeringBureau, Leshan Electric Engineering' Bureau, Zigong Electric Engineering Bureau, Chengdu Electric EngineeringBureau and ChongqingElectric Engineering Bureau.
The office responsible for environmental supervision and monitoring for transmission lines, the substations and the switching station is the Sichuan Research Institute of EnviromnentalProtection (SRIEP) .The office responsible for envirommentalmonitoring is the Sichuan Environmental Monitoring Center (SEMC). Detailed informationon SRIEP and SEMCcan be found in Annex E.
Under the direction of SEPA and the environmentalprotection offices of SEPC, the organizations above will implement the environment protection work and monitoring of the mutual impact between this project and the enviromment,and provide data and reports to SEPA and SEPC.
6.2 Major Monitoring Programs
6.2.1 Meteorological Observations
I - The ice observationstation was established in 1982; the monitored items include: air temperature,humidity, precipitationquantity, ice covering quantity, inductive current of ice and water, wind velocity,and wind direction.etc.The main purpose is to forecast the ice cover kdngon the line. The observationwill continue.
6.2.2 Earthquake Forecasting
The earthquake observationstations along the transmissionline will forecast any possible earthquake.
6.2.3 The ESDD Observations
In order to know the pollutant situation of insulators and to adjust the insulator insulation level of transmission line in due time, 20 Equivalent Salt Density Detection (ESDD) observationstations have been establishedl
30 6.2.4 Health and Sanitation Monitoring
By uilizing local quarantine facilities,health checks will be carried out. During the construcfion period, periodic health checks will be carried out on the techniciansand workers.
6.2.5 Vegetation, Wildlife and Fish Monitoring
The environmmentalprotection facility will monitorthe conditionof the vegetation, wildlife, and fish along the tnsmission alignment in order to identify potential problemsthus protect the environmentfrom unnecessarydamage.
6.2.6 Electromagnetic-Environmental CompatibilityMonitoring
Monitor the ground electric field, radio interference,radio signal field intensity, and coronaaudible noise.
31 7 Estimated Expenditures for Environmental Protected Mitigation and Monitoring
Estimated expenditures for Er-Zi 500kV transmission line environmental protection mitigation and monitoring are given in the following tables:
7.1 Estimated investment for transmission line environmental protection is listed in table 9.
Table 9 The Estimated Investment Expense of Er-Zi SOOkVTransmission Line Environmental Impact
(MillionYuan,RMB) ' Itemn Route Scheme North Middle South TrcesFelling 4.017 2.317 3.365 Land Expropriation 1.443 1.175 1.325 Crops Compensation 1.518 1.059 1.255 Resident Relocation 2.833 2.307 2.602 FoundationTreatment 0.236 0.192 0.217 IncreasingHeight of Tower Due to the Trees 0.492 0.40 0.452 Tower ReinforcementDue to the HeavyIce 36.932 34.697 81.439 CommunicationFacilities 41.634 26654 28.734 Total Total Length 89.105 68.801 119.389 Per Kilomrter 0.1544 0.1464 0.2253
7.2 The estimated expenditure for the environmental protection mitigation and monitoring is listed in table 10.
7.3 The investment for the substations environmental protection and monitoring will be calculated at the preliminary design stage.
32 Table 10 The EstimatedExpenditure of the EnvirommentalProtection Monitoring for Er-Zi 500kVT/L
Item Estimated Expenditure (10,000 Yuan, RMB) MeteorologicalObservation 15 Earthquake Observation 5 Salt DensityObservation of Insulator 23 Human Health Monitoring 10 Vegetation, Wildlife,and Fish MonitoTing 5 ElectromagneticEnvironmental Compatibility Monitoring 20 Total 78
33 8 Pubic Participation
The recommendroute is the middle route,whichwill pass through eleven counties, the documents expropriting land have approved by the local governments, the route corridor marked on the map. The selected substation and switching station sites have already gotten the agreement of the local govenmuents and the correspond enviromental protection departments, they have issued the written agreementdocunent.
34 9 Conclusions
On the basis of the environmentalimpact analysis and evaluationof the project, it was determined that the recommended alterative has the least environmental impact After the adoption of preventive measures ,the resulting electromagnetic levels can meet the environmental protection requirements. Ih addition ,the expenditurefor the mitigationmeasures is relatively low and technological skills are locally available. The project thus has no serious impact on the surrounding environment.
The high elevation and heavy ice loading of the line are important characteristics of the project Ice preventive measures and electromagneticconsiderations will be comprehensivelystudied as the project design stage continues. Potential danger and influenceproblem of transmissionline with the overhead communicationline, when they are at the same way as the route corridor will be solved by using the optical fiber cable.
35 10 List of Prepares
Wu Huaneng Senior Engineer,Environmental Protection Department, South West ElectricPower Design Institute(EPD/SWEPDI)
Lu Chuan Engineer,EPD/SWEPDI
Liu Mingrong Engineer,EPDISWEPDI
Le An ding Senior TransmissionEngineer, Transmission Department (TD/SWEPDI)
and other staff membersof SWEPDIand SEPC
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EcologicalResources (Nature Reserves)
I Dafengding Nature Reserve
1.1 General Description
Dafengding nature reserve is located in the Daliang mountains, within the boundary of both Mabian and Meigu counties,in southwest Sichuan province. It covers an area of 61,864 ha, and was established to protect important and threatened speciessuch as giant panda, golden monkey,talin, and dove tree.
The elevation of the middle part of the reserve is 3,500 to 4,000 m, the highest elevation is 4042 m, and it slopes down to the east and west. The relative elevation difference is over 2,000 m, and most of the slopes are over 38 degrees.
The climate belongs to the subtropical zone with a south-west monsoon, characterizedby humid and warm weatherconditions as well as abundantrain. As a result the plant growing season is long. There are great differences in climate accordingto alfitude.
Within the reserve,the distributionof the natural vegetationtypes also changes with altitude. Below 1,800 m there is evergreen broadleaf forest; between 1,800 to 2,200 m one finds mixed evergreenand deciduous broadleaf forest; from 2,200 to 2,500 m on finds mixed coniferousand broadleaf forest, while under the trees there grow bamboos; between 2,500 to 3,500 m there is a subalpine coniferous flora with an undergrowthof bamboo and a variety of azalea; over 3500 m there are dwarfalpine plants.
The reserve has many interesting species of wildlife such as the giant panda, golden monkey, takin, macaques, lesser panda, Sichuan partidge etc. According to the historicai record, there were tigers here but since the 1960s, the tracks of the tiger have not been found. According to studies of the giant panda in 1987, it lives in the higher elevationsin the reserve where there is bamboo forest.
1.2 Administration Agency
The No.256 document (1979) of State Council and Sichuan province government(1979) No. 34 document established Dafengdingnature reserve. Because it is located within the boundary of two counties of Meigu and Mabian, there are two administrationstations and theze are 8 and 15 persons workingthere respectively.The administrationstations are under the direction of Sichuan province and county governments. In addition, several special administration stations and one observation station are established in Yonghong, Tiejue, Dayanzhi, Beijiawan, the staff of which monitor the
41 ANNEX A reserve, checking the forest and giant panda and preventing the illegal activities. The plani of investmentdue to the added traffic and tools and fire observationtower has been includedin the 1994financial budget.
1.3 The Socioeconomic and Traffic Situations
Around the boundaryof the Dafengdingnature reserve, there have two districts (Dayuanzhi and Wahou), seven small towns, fifty-one villages, with 3,057 families and 17,440people. The averageland owned per person is 0.12 ha, the local economyis under developed,and the averagepersonal incomeis low.
The nature reserve is to stay in its virgin state. Inside it there are no roads, and unauthorizedpersons are forbiddento entcr it; outside the reserve, to the north- west side is the road from Meigu county to Dawan (via Wahou), to the east is the road from Mabian to Yonghongvillage, to the north-east is the road from Mabian county to Sanhekou (via Laishanpin),to the south is the main road from Xichang city to Yibin city.
1.4 The Relation Between Transmission line and the Nature Reserve
According to the opinion of foreign and domestic specialists, four circuits of the Ertan to Zigong 500 kV transmission line will have two corridors.The location of the corridors and routes is indicatedin the attachedFigure 1.
In order to minimizethe impact on the environmentand to make construction convenient and as efficient as possible, much of the selected route is along existing roads. From the Meigno to Zigong, along the Xichang to Yibin main road, defined the Huangmaogengto Pingshancorridor, this corridor will across Daliang mountains,with heavy ice coverage and long ice zone, however, the route distance is short. Along the Meigu (via Wahou) to Mabian county road, defined Wahou corridor, which avoids passing the main peak of the Daliang mountains,the elevationis relative low; along the route, there is no extra-heavy ice coveragezone and the heavy ice coveragedistance is short.
The elevation of the selected transmission line route is lower than that of Dafengding Nature Reserve, and the minimm distance between the boundary of the nature reserveto the transmissionline route is 5 km.
Form Dawan to Laishanpingsection (about 10 km, Wahou corridor), there is no road, but a mountain path. According to the investigation,to improve the traffic condition of the Yi nationalityregion, the local govemmenthas planued to widen and consolidatethe Dawan to Laishanpinmountain path into road.
2 Mt. Luoji Nature Reserve
42 ANNEX A
2.1 General Description
Mt. Luoji Nature Reserve is located within the boundaries of Xichang city, Dechang county and Puge county, and is about 30 kn from the south side of Xichang city. It covers an area of 20,000 ha, the forest coverage rate is 52%/, about one-third of which is fir forest which covers about 6,840 ha The protected objects here are the forest ecosystem, wildlife and plant resources, and the trail of an ancient glacier as well as glacial landforms.
The summit of Mt. Luoji is 4,359 m. To the west is the Anning valley (elevation 1,200 m), while to the east is the Qionghai-Pugevalley (elevation 1500 m). The mountain chain runs north- south, with the north higher than the south. The gradient of the eastern slopes is steeper than the west slopes. The nature reserve itself is located around the main peak with its boundary over 2800 m, as indicated at the attachedFigure 2.
Mt. Luoji forest also belongs to the subtropicalzone evergreenbroadleaf forest. Below 1600 m is the suhftropicalzone with sparsely-distributedtrees but widespread cultivationof various crops; between 1600 and 2600 m, the forest is dominatedby Yunnan pine, Yunnan camphor and other evergreenbroadleaf frees; between 2600 to 3300 m, there are deciduous trees; above 3300 m the frees are typical of cold zone vegetation.Within the reserve there are over 200 species of higher plants, among them more than 30 species given national protection, and this is 34% of the total protected plants of Sichuan province. About 30 types of azalea grow at 1500to 4000 mn
The reserve has rich wildlife resources, with national level protected wild animals includingthe macaquesmonkey and lesser panda.
2.2 Administration Agency
Document(86) No.03 issued by LiangshanYi NationalityAutonomous Region Govermmentaldetermined to establish Mt Luoji Natural Reserve, which is an autonomous region level nature reserve. One nature reserve administration departmenthas been established,and 15 persons work for it.
2.3 Traffic Situation
To the west of Mt. Luoji there is a road from Sichuan to Yunnan (National Highway No.108) and a railway from Chengduto Kunming,while to the east is die Xichangto Puge road. There is one small pat led to the Baibaiding(2800 m), and from Baibaiding one small mountainpath leads to the sumuit of Mt. Luoji.
2.4 The Relation Between Transmission line and the Nature Reserve
43 ANNEX A
Tlheselected four circuits of Ertan to Zigong 500 kV transmissionline avoid going directly through this region (see attached Figure 2). Among the two cornidor,the Xichang corridor goes along the Anning river valley, next to the Chengdu-Kunmingrailway and national highway No.108, while the Puge corridor.crosses the southernpart of the Luoji mountainsat the Haikougrazing land, 10 km away from the southem end of the nature reserve. Both of the corridorshave avoidedimpacts on the nature reserve.
Most sections of the two corridorsgo along the existingroads. Only along the Puge corridor,for a distanceof only about 10 kn acrossthe mountains,is there no road which can be used. During the constructionof this section,helicopters and cableways will be used, so as to minimize the impact on the natural environment.
3 The Opinion of Environmental Protection Department
In the selectionof the route of transmissionlines, much attention were paid to avoid Dafengdingand Mt. Luoji nature reserves, so there is no effect on the ecological resource within these two nature reserves. The National Environmental Protection Admiistration (NEPA) has already entrusted Sichuan EnvironmentalProtection Administration to review the ELAreport of this project and the approval document Chuan Hun Fa (1994) Kai Zi 038 dated February 6 1994 has confirmedthat this project meets the requirements of the environmentalprotection deparlment
44 ANNEX B
The Policy and Rules for the Administrat on of Forest Reserves Issued by State and Local Government
The protection of forest reserves is one of the most important environmental protection policies in China. Both the central and local Governmenthave made policies and rules to administer forest reserves. To implement these policies and laws, pmtect natural reserves, and reduce tree felling effective measures have been adopted to avoid the impacts on forest during the design of the transmission line and substations. In addition to this, the delta configuration tower is selected to reduce the width of row, and a higher tower is selected to cross some trees etc. During the constructionand operation of the project, the impact on forest and other natural reserves, cultural reserve will be reduced to the minimiumThe felling of trees during constructionwill be done according to the relevant governmentpolicy, following the relevant procedures and paying the appropriatecompensation fee.
The following list is some relevant policies and documentsissued by Central or Local Govenment for the administrationof forest reserves, felling trees and clearing vegetation.
1. Chapter Two, Clause Fifteen of the «c The Law of Forestry of The People's - Republic of China>> (which was issued in 09120/1984by the State Council) stipulates that carrying out survey and design, building facility of project, mining mineral resources etc. should not occupy forest land or, if it has to, to occupy it to the minimum extent; provide the occupancy or requisition of the forest land isn't avoiding,the relevant unit should implementthe relevant laws.
2. Clause nine of the «c By-laws of the Law of Forestry of The People's Republic of China >»' (which was issued in 05\10\1986 by State Ministry of Forestry ) have clearly stipulatedthat occupyingof state own forest land due to survey and design etc.,the unit that occupythe forest land should compensation the actual loss to the forestry management; requisition or occupyingforest land of collective ownership,the unit of requisition or occupyingshould implement the state rules of land requisition.
3. Clause eight of «c Sichuan Province Felling Forest Administration ImplementMethod>> (which was issued in 04\20\1987by the Forestry Bureau of Sichuan province) clearly-stipulatedthat if few trees should be fell due to survey, design and building facility of project, it should have the approval document of relevant administration, the promised by the forestry administrationbureau of county level or above, and should have the promised certificate of felling trees, also a agreementwith the owner of forest should be made by the constructioncompany for the compensationof the loss and etc., the felling should followingthe promisedcertificate.
45 ANNEX B
4. In <«The Temporary Rutlesof Sichuan Province for the Forest and Crop Recover Fee, the Forest Land and Plant CompensationFee >> ( No. 4 issued by Sichuan ProvincePrice Administrationin 1993 ), it is stipulatedthe relevant rules and standardfor the forest and crop recover fee, the forest land and plant compensationfee. The land requisition or occupant should implementit
I4
46i ANNEX C
Cultural Property
The feasibility study of Ertan to Zigong 500 kV transmission line proposed three alternative routes, and the EPPEI has approvedthe recommendmiddle route scheme (includingtwo small routes). The cultural and scenic spots and historical sites within the stadied scope of every route scheme were indicated on EIA attached drawingFIGURE A (DRW. No. 50-X043K-XO1-01).Here, a brief descriptionis given of cultural and scenic spots and historicalsites which are located within the approvedroute scheme (middleroute scheme)and their relation to the transmissionlines.
1 Within the study scope, cultural and scenic spots and historical sites are mainly located insideXichang city and Zigong city.
1.1 Xichang City
Xichang city is located in the south-west of Sichuan province, which is the political and cultural center of Liangshan Yi nationality autonomousregion. Qiong lake, Lu mountain and Luoji mountain are the main scenic spots in Xichangregion.
3 km to the south-east of Xichang city is Qiong lake, which is the second largest lake in Sichuan province. It is a typical earth subsidence lake; its distance from south to north is 11.5 kin, from east to west is 5.5.km, and the total area is 31 square kdlometers.Surrounded by mountainand dense forest, Qiong lake has rich aquatic resources, and is a ideal place for wind- surfing, swimming,rowing boats and fishing.
Lu mountainis located at western shore of Qionglake, the elevationof its main peak is 2,317 mi, 800 m above the lake water surface. Growingon it are some evergreentrees such as Han Dynasty(206 BC) cypress,fir etc. Guangfutemple and other 15 temples, which have been built since the Tang Dynasty (AD 618), are located there. There are many historical cultural relics, such as poems, inscriptions, carvings and hanging bells of Qing Dynasty. The collection of stone tablets located at the rear of Guangfii temple is a unique record of earthquakes which occurred in history. An historical museum about the Yi nafionalityis located at the foot of Lu mountain
30 km to the south of Xichang city is Mt. Luoji nature reserve which is a beautifl scenic spot. Its 72 peaks, colorfullake, hot spring and ancient glacier trail attract many tourists.
1.2 Zigong City
Zigong city is the so-called " Salt City", located on the banks of the Fuxin river, in the southernpart of Sichuan basin. Zigong well salt mines were begun
47 ANNEX C during the Eastem Han Dynasty, and since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Zigong has been one of the most importantsalt productionareas of Sichuan province. Zigong has developed into one of the most iinportant chemical industry bases in China.
In 1979, many dinosaurfossils were found in Zigong, which won the area an importantplace in the world scientificand technologicalcircles.
The Zigong Salt Museum and Dinosaur Museum attract many tourists from China and overseas.
2 Relation between the Transmission line and Cultural Property, Scenic Spots and Historical Sites
The towers and other componentsof transmissionline have a degree of impact on the landscape, so the avoidance of the transrnissionline going through natural scenic spots and cultural relics is an importantprinciple in selectingthe transmissionline route. The selected transmissionline route crosses mountains 15 kn to the south of Xichang city, and utilizes the natural topographyas a protective screen.
Zigong Honggou500 kV substationis located at Yantan town, which is 12 km away from Zigong city. The transmissionline enter Honggousubstation from the southwest It has no impact on the scenic spots and historical sites of Zigong city.
48 ANNEX C
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49 ANNEX C
Document of Sichuan Cultural Department
ReferenceNo.: Sichuancultural relic (1994) No. 15
Re: Review commentsof " the Letterfor Cultural Property ImpactReport of Ertan 500kV TransmissionProject"
Sichuan Electric Power Administration:
Your documentnamed " the letter for Cultural Property Inpact Report of Ertan 500kV TransmissionProject " ( Ref No.: Sichuan EHV (1994) No. 10 ) as well as Attachment< After review and check, it is agreed by us that the design scheme of Ertan 5OOkVtransmission project have applied avoiding method for the cultual protection unit in Xichangand Zigong, and will have not impact to cultural scene as well as ifs sunroundings. Please strictly followed " the Laws for Antique Preserve of People's Republic of China " in constructionand inform us on time if somethingis related to cultural relic and it will be useful for well treated it. Official Seal: Sichuan CulturalDepartment copy to: Sichuan CulturalRelic ArchaeologyInstitute so~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ANNEX D Special Sections and Their Construction Methods in Er-Zi 500 kV Transmission Line Project 1 General Certain sections of the proposed routes of Er-Zi 500 kV transmissionlines, are characterized by high mountains, complicated geological structure, and tree cover. It would be very difficult to build access roads for transportation,and so conventional constructionmethods would encounter many problems. In order to solve these problems, and to cut down the constructioncosts, and especially to protect the natural environment, we propose to use helicopters for construction, cableway for transportation, and flying machines to stretch guiding ropes. Thus, we can minimizethe cutting of trees and the occupation for land in the process of construction.These methods which have been tried elsewherein China can be used in our project (Please see Attached Figure 3). 2 A Brief Introduction to the Proposed Special Construction Methods Helicopters are used mainly to transport tools and matenals for construction (including the workers), to tansport concrete when the foundation is being constructed, to erect towers, to stretch the steel guiding cable (d= 1 mm). In this respect, abundant achievements and experience have been accumulated abroad, and in China the use of helicopter has been employed in the construction of large spans for several 500 kV trasmission linu projects. For hie project of Er-Zi 500 kV lines, the helicopter is consideredto be used in the following cases: when the power line crosses high mountains, when the tower sites are far from roads and the sites hard to reach, the usage of helicopter can avoid building roads and cutting trees. When the power line passes through forests, crosses rivers or valleys,it wifl be very difficult to stretch the steel guiding cable by manpower,so the helicopterwill be useful. The cablewayis widely used in Chinato constructpower lines in mountainous areas. Using cableways for transport can reduce the building of access roads and the loss of vegetation. In our project, it will mainly be used when tower sites are located on the top or middleof a mountainor are high abovethe road (see Attached Figure 4). Flying machines (such as model airplanes, airships, etc.) have been used to stretch nylon guiding rope in some transmission line projects in China. We propose to use flying machineswhen there is a difficulty in stretching guiding ropes over a short distance (about 1 to 3 lkn); for example,when the power line crosses rivers, large valleys, or a mass of trees, there will be many difficulties in stretching the guiding rope by hand In such circumstancesthe use of flying machines will be more convenientand more economic. 51 ANNEX D 3 A Brief Introduction to the Special Sections and the Proposed Special Construction Methods Taking the difficulty of construction and the protection of the natural envirownent into account, six sections are proposed for special construction methods. Figure 3 shows the geographicalposition of those sections which need specialconstruction methods, and the followingis a brief introductionto each section: 3.1 From Ertan Hydroelectric Power Station to Santaipo This section is 7 kan long, the elevationrises steeply from 1,200mnto 2,700 m. There are high mountainsand sparse forest in this section.Becauseof the lack of roads, transportation is a serious problem for constmction, so we propose the use of a cableway. 3.2 From Leyao to Puge This section is about 21 km long, the power line will cross Luoji mountainwith peak as high as 3,300 m above sea level.It is characterizedby high mountains, forest cover,steep topography and complicated climatic condition. The differenceof elevationfrom the foot to the top of the mountainis up to 2000m. For the section on the moumtaintop (with a length of 14 kIn), no roads can be accessed, and it is the most difficult section in the whole projectTherefore, to the sections near Leyao and Puge, we propose to use a cableway, and to the section on the mountain top, we propose to use a helicopter for constuction. The materials store and the parldng place for the helicopter are selected near Puge countytown (1 160m),seeAttached Figure 5. 3.3 From Jiagu to Lieto Via Zipi This section is about 22km long, the power line is on the 2600 m mountaintop which is 1200mhigher than the mountainfoot. On the mountain,a section with length of 5 kan belongs to extra-heavy icing area, and its conditions for constructionare very poor, so a cablewayproposed. For those towers which are sited on the mountain top and far from a road, a helicopter is proposed for construction combinedwith transportationby manpower. The materials store and the parking place for the helicopter will be near Meigu countytown (2000 in). 3.4 From Xiaogudui to Shiyiwo This section is about 13 km long, and the power line will cross highmountins, steep slopes, sparse forest and an extra-heavyicing area In this section, there are up to 250 rainy and foggy days each year, and so there is not much time for 52 ANNEX D construction.Whatis more, the tower sites are far from roads, the straight distance between them is up to 5 kn, and the differenceof elevation is up to 1400 m. A section of power line from east of Gasiwomato Shiyiwo (about 6 kn) continues down from the mountain top (2435 m) to the valley bottom (1070 m). It is proposed to use helicoptersto aid construct where the roads are far away. For those towers near roads but far above them, we propose to use a cable way combinedwith manpower for transportation.In addition, for those sections with forest cover where there would be considerable difficulty in stretching guiding cables by hand, the use of a helicopter is proposed. The materials store and parldng place for the helicopter will be near Xining town (1000m). 3.5 From Tianbago to Xinshi Via Xining This section is about 55 Ian long, the power line is along the Xining river, on both sides of the valley, the topography is complicated and there are many steep slopes.The tower sites are on the mountain slope, and the road is at the mountain foot along the valley, the difference of clevation is from 100m to 30nm, and there is forest cover. So a cablewayis proposed. For those towers which are far away from roads or are isolated on mountaintops, the use of a helicopter is proposed to aid construction.In some sections,the helicopter or flying machines will be used to stretch the guiding cable. The materials store and the parling place for the helicopterare selected near Xiningtown (I000m). 3.6 From Laishanping to Yangjiacun This section is about 15 km long, with elevations from 800 m to 1500 In. The road is along the V-shaped valley of the Mabian river. The power line will cross the Maer mountains (max 2,122m) near Shakuang, and there is about 13km without a road, which makes transportation very difficult It is thus proposed to use a cableway for those towers which are near the road but are high above it, and a helicopter combined with manpower for those towers which are on the mountainand are far away from the road. The materialsstore and the parldng place for the helicopterwill be near Mabian county town (530 m). 53 ANNEX E Brief Introduction to the Environmental Protection Mitigation and Monitoring Departments (SRIEP and SEMC) The SichutILnResearch Institute Of Environmental Protection (SRIEP) and Sichuan EnvironmentalMonitoring Center (SEMC)were set up in 1977. They undertake research work in the fields of enviromnentalengineering, ecology, assessment,monitoring, standards, and informationas well as technical services. SMEC is the technical and data center for environmentalmonitoring in Sichuan province. SRIEP and SEMC have a building for research and monitoring, covering about 500 square meters and it is equipped with sophisticated instruments and facilities. There are currently about 220 employees. Of thcse, 180 are technical staff, 100 of them senior engineers or engineers,covering 37 different fields. They have 12 sections :EnvironmentalEngineering, Information and Library, EnvironmentManagement, Technical Development Environmental Assessment, Environmental Monitoring Analysis (water, soiL gas, physics, biology), Pollution Source, etc. They have gained the National First-Rate Certificate of Environment Impact Assessment, the Provincial First-Rate Certificate for Pollution Control and Engineering Design,-and the National. Certificateof MeasurementAttestation. In recent years, SRIEP and SEMC have cooperatedwith a number of foreign countres, such as the U.S.A., Gemany, Japan, Canada, U.K, Italy, Austria, Hungaxy, Bulgaria. Thailand, and the Philippines.to exchange information on environmentalscience and technologyand to have broader contacts. SRIEP and SEMCundertake the followingprojects.: 1. Design and construction of pollution control facilities for industrial waste water, waste gas, solidwastes and noise. 2. Environmental impact assessment of construction projects and technical renovationprojects. 3. Development of new pollution control facilities and technical quality appraisal. 4. Checkingand monitoringof pollutioncontrol facilities. 5. Monitoringanalysis of water,gas, solid wastes and biological samples. 54 P4 4t. SI' S')r'4 P A $,~~~m $e v -X mw*t4 8w.0. ' t c 1 4 1 t 4 4$Sea M-CZC*$ ;taep Ms*"ft - &a 3$;F°~~~FH It .H tH$ 4sA.;ms M Aljgrp A4t &*JYu d46*rtt,i4 4 S.. :h fl'^fo4-At Wo *4 t*STJ 5 u X6 *W 1 *f g +.> eXr c1e4:DUfl t@ t-, *X tS -'gLa' SW 0t ' W OW b 0E A 04 W s >:*@ u js3 WbStj $4b4e8H ,o- . , .. __ .... _ ...... Mt3jIIt4. 44 ...- 4 d * i t'u a c v~~~~~~~~~~~~~X.P SS hts-- JA 1lH 1*) N s ,, V -R/2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I? S t ;b¢o >A:Tkkb :a. ;...o . ° t BkWK w t > ANNEX E _~ ~~~~~. .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I X 57 ANNEX E AGREEMENT on Preserve, Monitor and Management of Environment For China Sichuan Power Transmission Project (Ertan 500kV Transmission Project) Entrust Part ( A): Sichuan Electric Power Administration Entrusted Part( B ): Sichuan Research Institute of Environment Protection And Sichuan Environmental Monitoring Center Pursuant to the negotiation, Part B accept the entrusts of part A as defined in the followingAgreement: A. The scope ,content and requirement of service 1 To study the impact, preserve, monitoring , managementand evaluation of the biological environmentand the wild life sources of both Dafending and Mt Louji nature reserves which is caused by the construction of trasmission line(T/L) 2 To investigate,study, protect and evaluatethe impactto the costume,culture, natural and social environmentof the regions, where minority nationality live in compact communities,which is causedby the constructionof the T/L. 3 To provide estimate, preserve measures and evaluationabout the impact of natural and biological environment of forest area, where the T/L will pass through . 4 To provide preserve,investigation and evaluationabout scenic spots, cultural relic such as archaeologyand history etc. 5 To provide service of managing, monitoring, supervising and evaluatingto environmentduring the constructionof the T/L. 58 ANNEX E 6 To provide service of monitoring about corona, electric and magnetic field and audio noise as well as environmentevaluation during the operation of the T/L. 7 To provide advise and evaluate about the measure of mitigate the disadvantageousimpact of environmentcaused by line. S To coordinate the relationship of Unite that is related to the environment preserve ,monitor, managementand evaluation. 9 To provide other service of environment preserve and consultantas required by Part A. B. Working method I After the Agreement come into force and effect, to make sure of the member ,collect data ,definite the object and scope of work ,draw up a working program, block diagram. 2 To utility the existingmonitor data of various city and county as well as site investigation, sampling, take photograph and video record etc., definite the existing situation of natural enviromnentbefore the implementof the project. 3 During the implement of the project, monitor the environment,acquire data, enforce the environment management, investigate at regular intervals, and supervisethe implementof environmentpreserve measure . C. Achievement 1 To provide block diagram , organizationchart and worldng program of the evaluationof environmentpreserve, monitorand management. 2 To provide annual of environmentevaluation report includingachievement of monitor, environmentmanagement, implement and advise of environment preserve etc-. 3 To cooperate with World Bank for environmentcheck by , to provide stage report of environment evaluation , in format and content satisfied with the requirement of World Bank as well as environment preserve legal of our country. 59 ANNEX E 4 To provide the complete environmentevaluation report ,for project check and acceptance. The Agreementwill come into force and effect after the sign of both part. A part Sichuan Electric Power Administration AuthorizedRepresentative: B part Sichuan Research Institute of Environment Protection And Sichuan Environment Monitoring Center AuthorizedRepresentative: (Attachment: The National First-Rate Certificate of Environmental Impact Assessmentof SRIEP) 60 0 k ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MoLbiaLn -J 6 t\ Q ; = k135i/; Uoz ( ItyJeigu ContI Meigu Countyt!_ i Wt~~~~~~~~~~~~olAFiv Agure I U- ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t DA FENG DING NATURE PRESERV'E SKETCH MAP 61 1 Xichan *XdeCuny 01/M<7 ; \g~~~~~~~ v0-° FI/gu~~~~~~~~~~~Fgre 2 ( \> ( w3 \,55s;\>tt >>_ 3432 LEGEND 8\__8s Xj/ | X~~~~PugeCounty a"_ ~~~~~~~~~~~18 1V 424 \ 8 < 1 9 7 /~420 . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 17 624 ,obLt¢w, v"wl.. .0; t t{ STf elite GwWVL._ memsw r 1,1 - /*- r] xT2*rR | | JI,JCt r ,Cj . = <>, > H -~o seLi- Am ibl A-$ strrea4x~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Di - J (<-' < r ja ~Jiagu-Zip! -L! u Nature Ertan-.;antaipo *¢/ ...... WS'~XS IT, ~ s -- Mt.a oj -y Xiaouges¢^w S7k . ;xs 1E3 Ei3 [k :, v feJb-iNatur Preservek ( Z B. H ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_R. _ z ,~~~~~"V,- At,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 63 Mature Prese X Vi'44, -- ;S 4-.' = ' -t 'S *4. .t's, ., * /ear*4 F 64~~~ 64~~~~~~1 7 X1. -. XFIGURE 4 Ropeway '.A FIGIF 5 The Park of Helicopter and Storage Yard for Er-Zi 50OKvT/Ls (hengdu / aXa ciiX5Xw / 3 ~~Yibin nin ciooorQ ylo tiCix~~~~~Et ze ~~~~~~Par- of Helicopte l Sror-age Yar-d and t.~~~~~~~~~~irstrip PugeclIso^) for Helicpte E)(53 Elevration 65