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Spatio-Temporal Urban Expansion Analysıs in a Growing City of Oyo Town ,Oyo State, Nigeria Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) Tools

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Spatio-Temporal Urban Expansion Analysıs in a Growing City of Oyo Town ,Oyo State, Nigeria Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) Tools ISSN: 2148-9173 Vol: 5 Issue:2 August 2018 International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO) is an international, multidisciplinary, peer reviewed and certified open access journal. Spatio-Temporal Urban Expansion Analysıs in a Growing City of Oyo Town ,Oyo State, Nigeria Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information System (GIS) Tools Jimoh Rafiu. A, Afonja Yusuf .O, Albert Christopher.O. and Amoo .NB Editors Prof. Dr. Cem Gazioğlu, Prof. Dr. Dursun Zafer Şeker, Prof. Dr. Ayşegül Tanık, Prof. Dr. Şinasi Kaya, Assist. Prof. Dr. Volkan Demir Scientific Committee (2018) Dr. Abdullah Aksu, Prof. Dr. Bedri Alpar, Prof. Dr. Gülşen Altuğ, Prof. Dr. Lale Balas, Prof. Dr. Can Balas, Prof. Dr. Levent Bat, Prof. Dr. Bülent Bayram, Prof. Dr. Nuray Çağlar, Prof. Dr. Jadunandan Dash, Prof. Dr. A. Evren Erginal, Dr. Dieter Fritsch, Dr. Amin Gharehbaghi, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tolga Görüm, Prof. Dr. Melike Gürel, Dr. Hakan Kaya , Prof. Dr. Fatmagül Kılıç, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Maged Marghany, Prof. Dr. Nebiye Musaoğlu, Prof. Dr. Masafumi Nakagawa, Prof. Dr. Haluk Özener, Prof. Dr. Erol Sarı, Prof. Dr. Elif Sertel, Prof. Dr. Nüket Sivri, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Füsun Balık Şanlı, Prof. Dr. Uğur Şanlı, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hasan Özdemir, Prof. Dr. Taşkın Kavzoğlu, Msc. Mustafa Üstüner, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Oral Yağcı, Prof. Dr. Seyfettin Taş, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ömer Suat Taşkın, Assoc. Prof. Dr. İ. Noyan Yılmaz, Dr. Baki Yokeş, Dr. Sibel Zeki Abstracting and Indexing: DOAJ, Index Copernicus, OAJI, Scientific Indexing Services, JF, Google Scholar, Open Access International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 5(2):104-113 (2018) Spatio-Temporal Urban Expansion Analysıs in a Growing City of Oyo Town ,Oyo State, Nigeria Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information System (GIS) Tools 1* 2 , 3 4 Jimoh Rafiu.A , Afonja Yusuf .O Albert Christopher.O , Amoo . N.B. 1 Geomodeling and Geoexplore Consultants Limited, P.O. Box 302, Ikorodu, LagosState, Nigeria. 2 Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Federal School of Surveying, P.M.B 1024, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria 3Copine,National Space Research and Development Agency(NASRDA),Federal Ministry of Science and Technology,P.M.B 022,Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria 4.Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Federal Polytechnic Ede, P.M.B 231, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria *Corresponding author Received 16 Nov 2017 E-mail:[email protected]/[email protected] Accepted 28 Feb 2018 Abstract The assessment of the land use / land cover expansion that occurred in the area over a period of thirty years is the utmost priority of this research work. Multi temporal Landsat satellite imageries TM 1984, 1990 and ETM+ 2002, 2014 from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) website were used as the primary dataset. Area of interest was clipped in ArcGIS 9.3 environment, image enhancement and image classification were adequately done using ENVI 4.5 remote sensing software. Using supervised classification algorithm, the images were classified into bare soil, built-up area, vegetation, water body and wetland; these were then used to carry out change detection analysis or time series analysis. Results obtained from the analysis of built-up area dynamics for the past three decades revealed that the town has been undergoing urban expansion processes. The expansion was prolonged both from urban center to adjoining non-built-up areas in all directions. The total built up area in the town has expanded from 28.04sq/km in 1984 to 49.51 sq/km in 2014 at an average expansion rate of 0.7, 0.4 and 0.9 per annum during 1984 – 1990, 1990 – 2002 and 2002 – 2014 study periods respectively. The study period from 2002 – 2014 was the time at which the town experienced the highest urban expansion. The analysis of spatial trend revealed that the urban landscape has experienced a process of sprawling and fragmented development pattern particularly in the fringe areas while the town center underwent infill and edge expansion development processes. The fringe areas show scattered expansion pattern. Quantifying urban expansion patterns and development processes of the past trends can help better understand the dynamics of built up area and guide sustainable urban development planning of the future urban growth. Keywords: Multi temporal Landsat satellite imageries, supervised classification algorithm, Change detection analyses, Remote Sensing, GIS Introduction globe. Rapid urbanization and urban expansion especially in the developing world is continuing Monitoring growth and change brought by to be one of the crucial issues of global change metropolitan development is of critical concern in the 21st century affecting the physical to those who study metropolitan dynamics or dimensions cities (Dihkan et al., 2017). In the urban climatology/meteorology and those who past few decades, urbanization and urban must manage resources and provide services in growth have drastically accelerated in many these rapidly changing environments. developing countries. According to United Urbanization has been a universal and Nations, in 2011, 3.6 billion of the world’s important social and economic phenomenon population (52%) was urban dwellers. taking place all around the world. This process Universally, the level of urbanization is with no sign of slowing down, could be the expected to rise to 67% in 2050. In the less most powerful and visible anthropogenic force developed regions, the proportion of urban will that has brought about fundamental changes in rise from 47% in 2011 to 64% in 2050. In land cover and landscape pattern around the Africa alone the urban population is expected to DOI: 10.30897/ijegeo. Rafiu, et al., / IJEGEO 5(2): 104-113(2018) triple from 414 million in 2011 to 1.2million the estimation of urban expansion. However, 2050. with the gradual advancement and availability of high temporal and spatial resolution remote In most countries, urbanization is recognized as sensing imagery, the possibilities of monitoring a crucial phenomenon of economic growth and urban problems with a better accuracy have social change as it offers increased become more promising. Hence, accurate opportunities for employment, specialization, mapping of urban environments and monitoring production and goods and services. This has urban expansion is becoming increasingly initiated a large number of people to migrate important at the global level (Guidon and from rural to urban area. As a result, cities are Zhang, 2009). Nowadays, there are many growing faster than ever (in physical remote sensing satellite systems such as dimensions), being a huge center for residence, Landsat (TM & ETM+), ASTER, IKONOS, industry, trade and goods and services. Geo Eye, Quick bird, Rapid Eye, Worldview However, this growth also triggers numerous providing from medium to high and very high problems. Environmental pollution and resolution imagery. It is also believed that degradation, increased environmental hazards remote sensing imagery is a powerful tool for such as flooding, population explosion, acquiring data to analyze and map spatio- insufficient sanitation and water supply, temporal land use change and urban expansion transport problems, poor housing conditions, process at different spatial scale (J. Huang et al, rising cost of living and wealth inequality, and 2007; Yang and Lo 2002). Particularly, in increase in crime rate, and loss of fertile developing countries, remote sensing may agricultural and wetlands are some of the most provide fundamental observations of urban prominent negative effects of rapid growth and environmental conditions that are urbanization and urban growth (UN- not available from other sources (Miller and HABITAT, 2012, Burak et al., 2004). The Small, 2003). Yet, it lacks the ability to fully urban expansion process in Oyo town is describe the underlying urban processes accompanied by the proliferation of unplanned (Herold et al, 2005). settlements with inadequate services and infrastructure as well as environmentally Study Area sanitation problems. Moreover, following the growing demand for empirical data and Oyo is one of the major towns in Oyo State, systematic analysis of urban growth processes Nigeria, that is next in the hierarchy to the state and patterns, there is an increasing curiosity on capital – Ibadan. The history of Oyo dates back the development of quantitative methods of to the 12th century when it was the urban analysis. There are three major types of headquarters of Oyo kingdom. The town lies urban growth as infill, expansion, and outlying. approximately between the longitude 30 54’E Infill, development is a new development to 30 59’E and latitude 70 47’N to 70 55’N in within remaining open space in already existing the south western part of Nigeria. There are built up areas whereas expansion or sometimes three local government areas in Oyo town: called urban extension or edge expansion is a Atiba, Oyo West and Oyo East Local non-infill development extending the urban Governments as shown in Fig.1 (a, b and footprint in an outward direction sometimes c).With the 2006 National Population Census, called urban fringe development outlying or Oyo East Local Government has a population leap-frog development is a change from non- of 124,095, Oyo West Local Government with developed to developed land cover occurring population figure of 136,457 and Atiba Local beyond existing developed areas. Leap-frog Government has a population of 168,246. Oyo development is also referred to as urban sprawl town is blessed with many educational as the expansion of urban area is in a way that institutions at all levels ranging from pre- demands the extension of public facilities. primary schools to tertiary institutions. The Traditionally, visual interpretations of high- prominent ones among the institutions are the resolution aerial photographs were used to Federal Government Girls College, acquire comprehensive information for Government Technical College, Emmanuel mapping of urban areas. This mapping Alayande College of Education, Federal technique is expensive and time consuming for 105 Rafiu, et al., / IJEGEO 5(2): 104-113(2018) College of Education (Special), Federal School the Proposed Atiba University.
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