Nigeria Livelihood Zone Map and Descriptions 2018
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REVISED LIVELIHOODS ZONE MAP AND DESCRIPTIONS FOR NIGERIA A REPORT OF THE FAMINE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS NETWORK (FEWS NET) September 2018 NIGERIA Livelihood Zone Map and Descriptions September 2018 Acknowledgements and Disclaimer This report reflects the results of the Livelihood Zoning Plus exercise conducted in Nigeria in July to August 2018 by FEWS NET and partners: the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMA&RD) and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the United Nations World Food Program, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, and various foundation and non-government organizations working to improve the lives and livelihoods of the people of Nigeria. The Livelihood Zoning Plus workshops whose results are the subject of this report were led by Julius Holt, consultant to FEWS NET, Brian Svesve, FEWS NET Regional Food Security Specialist – Livelihoods and Stephen Browne, FEWS NET Livelihoods Advisor, with technical support from Dr. Erin Fletcher, consultant to FEWS NET. The workshops were hosted and guided by Isa Mainu, FEWS NET National Technical Manager for Nigeria, and Atiku Mohammed Yola, FEWS NET Food Security and Nutrition Specialist. This report was produced by Julius Holt from the Food Economy Group and consultant to FEWS NET, with the support of Nora Lecumberri, FEWS NET Livelihoods Analyst, and Emma Willenborg, FEWS NET Livelihoods Research Assistant. This report will form part of the knowledge base for FEWS NET’s food security monitoring activities in Nigeria. The publication was prepared under the United States Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Indefinite Quantity Contract, AID-OAA-I-12-00006, Task Order 1 (AID-OAA-TO-12- 00003), TO4 (AID-OAA-TO-16-00015). The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Famine Early Warning Systems Network ii NIGERIA Livelihood Zone Map and Descriptions September 2018 Table of Contents Acknowledgements and Disclaimer ....................................................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................................................. iii Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................................................4 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................................................5 Methodology .........................................................................................................................................................................................7 The National Context ...........................................................................................................................................................................13 Overview of the livelihood zones ........................................................................................................................................................17 Livelihood Zone Descriptions ...............................................................................................................................................................19 SOKOTO MILLET, COWPEAS, GROUNDNUTS AND LIVESTOCK (NG01) ...........................................................................................19 KANO-KATSINA SAHEL: MILLET, SORGHUM, SESAME AND LIVESTOCK (NG02) ..............................................................................21 KANO-KATSINA SUDAN: SORGHUM, MAIZE, RICE AND GROUNDNUTS (NG03) .............................................................................23 NORTHEAST SAHEL: MILLET, SESAME, COWPEAS AND LIVESTOCK (NG04) ....................................................................................25 BORNO-YOBE-BAUCHI MILLET, COWPEAS, GROUNDNUTS AND SESAME (NG05) ..........................................................................27 SOKOTO-RIMA-KANO RIVERINE FLOOD PLAIN RICE AND FISHING (NG06) .....................................................................................29 Komadugu-Yobe Irrigated Peppers with Rice, Millet and Vegetables (NG07) ................................................................................30 LAKE CHAD FISHING, MAIZE, WHEAT, COWPEAS AND VEGETABLES (NG08) ..................................................................................31 CHAD BASIN: MASAKWA FLOOD-RECESSION SORGHUM AND WHEAT (NG09) .............................................................................33 NORTHWEST SORGHUM, MAIZE, SOYBEANS AND RICE (NG11) .....................................................................................................36 NORTHWEST SORGHUM, MAIZE AND COTTON WITH CROSS-BORDER TRADE (NG12) ..................................................................38 NORTHWEST AND CENTRAL MAIZE DOMINANT WITH SORGHUM, SWEET POTATOES AND COWPEAS (NG13) ............................39 NORTHEAST MAIZE DOMINANT WITH RICE, SOYBEANS, COWPEAS AND GROUNDNUTS (NG15) .................................................42 HIGH PLATEAU IRISH POTATOES, MAIZE, ACHA (DIGITARIA) AND LIVESTOCK (NG16) ...................................................................44 LOWER PLATEAU RICE, SORGHUM AND CATTLE (NG17) ................................................................................................................45 GINGER AND TURMERIC WITH MAIZE, SORGHUM, YAMS AND ACHA (DIGITARIA) (NG18) ...........................................................46 BENUE RIVER SUGAR CANE, RICE AND SUGAR ESTATE LABOR (NG19) ..........................................................................................48 CENTRAL YAM AND MAIZE BELT, WITH CASSAVA, RICE AND SOYBEANS (NG20) ...........................................................................49 NIGER AND BENUE RIVERS FLOOD PLAIN RICE WITH MAIZE, VEGETABLES AND LIVESTOCK (NG21) .............................................51 CASSAVA DOMINANT WITH MAIZE, YAMS AND TREE-CROPS (NG22) ............................................................................................53 CITRUS FRUIT WITH TUBERS, CEREALS, SOYBEANS AND GROUNDNUTS (NG23) ...........................................................................55 COCOA DOMINANT WITH OIL PALMS, CEREALS AND TUBERS (NG24) ...........................................................................................56 MAMBILA HIGHLAND: CATTLE, MAIZE, IRISH POTATOES, TEA, COFFEE AND KOLA NUTS (NG25) .................................................57 CROSS RIVER COCOA WITH OIL PALMS, TUBERS, RICE AND PLANTAINS (NG26) ............................................................................58 SOUTHEAST RICE DOMINANT WITH CASSAVA, YAMS AND OIL PALMS (NG27) .............................................................................60 SOUTHWEST COCOA WITH OIL PALMS, TUBERS AND CEREALS (NG28) .........................................................................................62 SOUTHWEST RICE, CASSAVA AND CATTLE WITH CROSS-BORDER TRADE (NG29) ..........................................................................64 CASHEWS WITH OIL PALMS, TUBERS AND MAIZE (NG30) ..............................................................................................................66 LAGOS PERI-URBAN: FISHING, POULTRY, PIGGERIES, MARKET GARDENING AND COCONUTS (NG31) ..........................................67 COASTAL STRIP AND NIGER DELTA: INLAND AND COASTAL FISHING, CASSAVA, PLANTAIN, OIL PALMS AND RUBBER (NG32).....69 SOUTHEAST CASSAVA, CEREALS AND OIL PALMS WITH EXTENSIVE OFF-FARM WORK AND TRADE (NG33) .................................71 NORTHEAST CATTLE, SMALL RUMINANTS AND FOOD CROPS WITH CROSS-BORDER LIVESTOCK TRADE (NG34) ..........................73 NIGER-BENUE FISHING AND FOOD CROPS (NG35) .........................................................................................................................75 Annex 1: Northeastern crisis ...............................................................................................................................................................77 Annex 2: Workshop participants .........................................................................................................................................................79 Annex 3 Administrative areas by Livelihood Zone ...............................................................................................................................83 Annex 4: Seasonal and Consumption Calendars ................................................................................................................................103 Famine Early Warning Systems Network iii NIGERIA Livelihood Zone Map and Descriptions September 2018 Acronyms and Abbreviations FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FEG Food Economy Group FEWS NET Famine Early Warning Systems Network G Gathering HEA Household Economy Analysis IDP Internally Displaced People IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (Ibadan) IK In Kind IPC Integrated Food Security Phase Classification km kilometers LGA Local Government Area LSMS Living Standards Measurement Study masl meters above sea level