Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in the Land Between, Interim Report
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LIFE SCIENCE RECONNAISSANCE OF SELECTED SITES IN THE LAND BETWEEN, INTERIM REPORT 2008 Prepared by: McMurtry, M.J., W.D. Bakowsky, and D.A. Sutherland Natural Heritage Information Centre 300 Water St., 2nd Floor North Tower P.O. Box 7000, Peterborough, ON K9H 8M5 For: The Land Between Collaborative Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report Recommended Citation: McMurtry, M.J., W.D. Bakowsky, and D.A. Sutherland. 2008. Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report. Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, Ontario. v + 57 pp. Cover photo: Wetland south of the Severn River and within The Land Between study area. Photo by M.J. McMurtry, NHIC Archives. ii Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary iv Acknowledgements v 1. Introduction 1 1.1. General Description of The Land Between 1 1.1.1. Regional Context, Geology 1 1.1.2. Climate 4 1.1.3. Land Use History 4 1.1.4 NHIC Data Holdings on The Land Between 5 2. Methods 7 2.1 Ecotones versus Ecodistricts 7 2.2 Selection of Study Sites 7 2.3 Field Methods 8 3. Results and Evaluation 9 3.1. South of Severn River Study Site 9 3.1.1 Landscape Context 9 3.1.2 Representive Vegetation Communities 9 3.1.3 Diversity 12 3.1.4 Special Features 12 3.1.5 Ecological Functions 14 3.1.6 Condition, Human Uses 14 3.1.7 Management Recommendations 14 3.2. Somerville Forest/Ganaraska Study Site 15 3.2.1 Landscape Context 15 3.2.2 Representive Vegetation Communities 16 3.2.3 Diversity 21 3.2.4 Special Features 21 3.2.5 Ecological Functions 22 3.2.6 Condition, Human Uses 22 3.2.7 Management Recommendations 23 3.3. Inventory Needs for the 2008 Field Season 24 5. References 24 Appendix A. Vascular Plants of The Land Between study area 28 Appendix B. Fauna of The Land Between study area 52 Appendix C. Sample Vegetation Community Data Spreadsheet 57 iii Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report FIGURES Figure 1. The Land Between area of interest 1 Figure 2. The contact point: sedimentry limestone bedrock from the Paleozoic Era overlying Precambrian granitic bedrock, near Galesburg, Peterborough County 3 Figure 3. Element occurrences in The Land Between, NHIC database 5 Figure 4. Field survey sites in The Land Between area of interest 8 Figure 5. Virginia Chainfern Bog vegetation type, from the Severn River study area 11 Figure 6. Virginia St. John’s Wort (Triadenum virginicum S3) observed at Severn River study area 12 Figure 7. The Roehl Reserve, managed by the Couchiching Conservancy, is adjacent to the Severn River study area 15 Figure 8. Clear-cut area in the Somerville Forest 16 Figure 9. Dry – Fresh Sugar Maple – Black Cherry Deciduous Forest Type, Altberg Reserve 20 Figure 10. Blowdown area in the Altberg Reserve 22 Figure 11. The Great Lake Conservation Blueprint for Terrestrial Biodiversity shown over The Land Between area of interest 23 TABLES Table 1. Some of the NHIC-tracked elements (species and plant communities) found in The Land Between area of interest 6 SUMMARY This report presents findings from the first year of field work by the Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC) for The Land Between project. The main sites focused on in this year were the area south of the Severn River and west of Sparrow Lake and the area including and adjacent to the Somerville Forest, west of Kinmount. The areas visited in 2007 were a mix of Crown land, municipally-owned land, private land and land owned by non-governmental environmental organizations. Brief visits were made to other areas, the upper Crowe River watershed and portions of the former Longford Township, but the report on these areas will be included in the final report to be completed in late 2008. A number of partners are involved in The Land Between collaboration, including The Couchiching Conservancy; the Kawartha Heritage Conservancy; the NHIC; Land Trust for Frontenac, Kingston, Lennox and Addington; the University of Toronto; Fleming College; Trent University; William Allen; Bird Studies Canada and Ducks Unlimited. The NHIC has the role of facilitating access to natural heritage data for the project and assisting in filling some of the gaps in information that exist. Increasing pressures from iv Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report cottage development, aggregate extraction, forestry and recreation lend some urgency to understanding the features present and taking appropriate conservation actions. After conducting field studies in 2008, the NHIC will produce a final report describing the natural heritage features and condition of all of the areas visited and will make recommendations on management and stewardship actions that would be beneficial. Both the Severn River and Somerville Forest areas offer excellent potential for further natural heritage protection and stewardship. They occupy a strategic position on the landscape to augment and support exisiting protected areas. There is a range of disturbance in both areas, but in general, the Severn River study area has fewer impacts. Based on studies to date, the Severn River area was found to have several provincially- tracked species, including one Atlantic Coastal Plain species and one provincially-tracked vegetation community. The Severn River study area is an excellent example of rock barrens and wetlands characteristic of Ecodistrict 5E-7. The Somerville/Ganaraska area supports a number of uncommon species, and so far one provincially-tracked species has been observed. The least-disturbed areas in the Somerville/Ganaraska area are the Altberg Reserve, owned and managed by Ontario Nature, the wetlands along the Corben Creek, and the Ganaraska Trail north of Highway 503. The Somerville Forest itself has patches of forest and wetland in a natural state but also has large areas that have been altered by forest management practices. Both study areas provide important ecological functions, including the provision of wildlife habitat, buffering of nearby protected areas, maintaining water quantity and quality. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank the following people for their assistance, especially Ian Attridge, Leora Berman and Ron Reid for encouraging our involvement in this project. Chris Kaloudis accompanied us on several field trips and provided hospitality in Burnt River. Gayle Carlyle provided mapping on land tenure in the Severn River area. Gillian Marshall assisted with field work in the Severn River study area. Mike Oldham reviewed plant specimens collected and helped with identification. Simon Dodsworth created the maps using NHIC element occurrence data and boundary data provided by Leora Berman. Bob Bowles provides some helpful advice when we met on the Orimat Road one day. Peter Alley, who, sadly, passed away in December of 2006, developed the concept of The Land Between and was an eloquent spokesperson for its unique values and conservation challenges. v Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report 1. INTRODUCTION The Land Between is a term coined by Peter Alley (Alley 2003) to describe the area of transition along and adjacent to the contact line between the limestone bedrock of southern Ontario with the mainly granitic bedrock of the Canadian Shield. It stretches across from Georgian Bay to the Frontenac arch just east of Kingston (Figure 1). The Land Between project is a collaboration among partners, including The Couchiching Conservancy; the Kawartha Heritage Conservancy; the Land Trust for Frontenac, Kingston, Lennox and Addington; the Natural Heritage Information Centre; the University of Toronto; Fleming College; Trent University; William Allen; Bird Studies Canada and Ducks Unlimited. Figure 1. The Land Between area of interest. Boundary data provided by Leora Berman. The Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC), of the Ministry of Natural Resources, has a mandate to gather and manage data on species, communites and natural areas of conservation concern and make it available to inform conservation actions. The NHIC role in The Land Between project is to facilitate access to natural heritage data for the project, assist in identifying and filling gaps in natural heritage information, and make 1 Life Science Reconnaissance of Selected Sites in The Land Between, Interim Report recommendations on further natural heritage studies and priorities for conservation and protection. The natural and cultural heritage of this area was first profiled by Peter Alley in presentations to ecological conferences (e.g. Alley 2003). Increasing pressures from cottage development, aggregate extraction, forestry and recreation lend some urgency to understanding the features present and putting in place appropriate conservation strategies. 1.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LAND BETWEEN 1.1.1 Regional Context, Geology The study area is a large zone of transition from the biota and ecosystems of southern Ontario to those that are more characteristic of northern Ontario. Each of the ecodistricts overlapping with The Land Between has a characteristic climate, physiography and array of ecosystems, though there are many features they have in common. The Land Between study area overlaps with many ecodistricts along the boundary between Ecoregions 6E and 5E: 6E-6, 6E-8 (northern part only), 6E-9, 6E-10, 5E-8 5E-10, and 5E-11. A concise description of the biodiversity features of each of these ecodistricts is available in the second volume of the Great Lakes Conservation Blueprint for Biodiversity (Henson and Brodribb 2005). The contact line with the Canadian Shield is actually a convoluted zone of geologic change; in southern Ontario the sedimentary limestones, shales and sandstones of the Paleozoic era overlay a foundation of granite; near the contact line the layer of limestone is thin and irregular.