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MontananThe Magazine of The University of Montana-Missoula

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W e use only the most ecologicallu sound practices du hand selecting logs from dead stands.” MONTANA* IDAHO Fred Harbeck/Log Buyer sc Estimator UM Forestry School Graduate, Class of '99 |H I LOG HOMES | 1069 U.S. Highway 93 North • Victor, MT 59875 • (406) 961-3092 I 1-800-600-8604 • email: [email protected] • http://www.mtidlog.com V o l u m e 19 N umber 2

10 15 2 0

Publisher FEATURES DEPARTMENTS Rita Munzenrider ’83 Editor 2 Joan Melcher 73 A R O U N D Contributing 10 T H E O V A L Writers ana Editors THE MEASURE OF THE MAN The Character of Mike Mansfield 8 Terry Brenner Brenda Day ’95 by Paul Lauren SPORTS Betsy Holmquist ’67 An elegant eulogy for UM’s favorite son. Kathie Nygaard ’68, ’87 28 Cary Shimek ALUMNI NOTES Patia Stephens ’00 12 Photographer MONTANA, HIS WAY Todd Goodrich ’88 by C ary S himek 30 CLASS NOTES Layout and A closeup look at alumnus Cliff Edwards, Graphics equally at home in courtroom or cow pasture. Mike Egeler 36 Advisory Board 15 LETTERS Sharon Barrett A SENSE OF SPACE Vivian Brooke Perry Brown by Jo a n Melcher 38 FOUNDATION Bob Frazier Three new works take us into the heart Bill Johnston and mind of Montana. Dennis Swibold John Talbot 18 Advertising Representative MEMORIAL Lowell Hanson UM alumni offer firsthand accounts (406) 728-3951 of the events of September 11, 2001. Editorial Offices 20 University Relations 315 Brandy Hall SEDIMENTAL JOURNEY The University of by Patia Stephens Montana How Glacial Lake Missoula wreaked havoc Missoula, MT from Montana to the Pacific Ocean. 59812-7642 (406) 243-2522 Web site: www.umt.edu The Montanan is published three times a year by The University of Montana for its alumni and friends. Cover photo by Patia Stephens. Interior photos by Todd Goodrich, except as noted.

Winter 2001 Montanan 1 f i V itiiii'hm inM il / n

Homecoming 2001 UM vs. St. Mary's 49-19

Lemons Making Lemonade freak June snowstorm that downed or damaged thousands of trees in Missoula and the surrounding area has provided Athe grist for two new sculptures on the UM campus. David Coy, a local chainsaw sculptor, was commissioned to carve bears out of damaged tree trunks — one facing north on the comer between Brandy Hall and the Gallagher Building (left) and the other in front of Turner Hall (far right). But don t look for ferocious grizzlies. These are the more intellec- tual, approachable kind, as befits an institution of higher learning.

Winter 2001 M ontanan i (greetings from the f resident I

he world has changed dramatically and tragically since the with sister institutions in other coun­ last issue of the Montanan. Lives lost in New York, Washing tries. We have at UM good and con­ ton, D.C., and Pennsylvania have left us all shaken but vincing reasons to continue our inter­ resolved to defend and protect our way of life. In an amazing national education programs. surge of patriotism, Americans have come together in support of W ithin the next few months, we the effort to end terrorism. More importantly, they have done so will come to understand more fully the while honoring the basic American tenet of respect for the rights extent of the challenge before us in the of all individuals and groups within our society. The University of struggle to end terrorism. W hether we Montana student population includes a significant portion of inter­ experience more of the direct attacks, national students, large numbers of whom have come to us from or see a seemingly unending sequence countries with dominant Muslim populations. I take great pride in of other deadly assaults, we must remain vigilant. In doing so, how­ reporting to you that we have had no incidents of mistreatment or ever, we must take care to protect our way of life against the unin­ abuse of international students on the campus or in the Missoula tended consequences of actions taken for the best of reasons. The community. Instead, we all have come together in response to American way of life rests solidly on a moral commitment to these outrages against humanity. defend the rights of others in order to protect our own. I have great Equally important, we have had literally hundreds of messages frith this nation will to rise to the challenge. I believe firmly that from our friends around the world expressing their deep sympathy we shall prevail. and solid support for the United States, specifically during this ter­ My best to all of you. rible time. For the first time I can recall since World War II, Americans enjoy the support of most of the world in this fight to eradicate an evil that affects all of humanity. I suggest that part of this broad and deep support results from our efforts over the years George M. Dennison to reach out and collaborate in exchanges and other agreements President

Williams, Assistant Commandant of the UM A lum na Marine Corps. Pou Sci Prof in Livingstone has held posts with the Named Navy American Red Cross and served as Assistant Good Company Under Secretary Secretary of the U.S. Army and as a congres­ M political science Professor Peter sional staff member on Capitol Hill. She is Koehn is one of thirty researchers UM alumna who has claimed married to Helena native Neil Livingstone. Ufrom around the world tapped to Montana as her home state was “My father was a career Air Force officer,” inaugurate the prestigious Fulbright New named Under Secretary of the U.S. A Livingstone says, “and we rarely got to live Century Scholars Navy in July. Susan Morrisey Livingstone, anywhere more than three years. But in 1968 Program. The pro­ M.A. 72, was sworn in by Secretary of the [when she married], I finally was able to gram’s goal is to Navy Gordon R. England in a small ceremo­ claim the best state and the best city in the engage scholars and ny attended by Admiral Vem Clark, Chief of nation as my home. What made it even more professionals in mul­ Naval Operations, and General Mike special was that my maternal grandmother tidisciplinary collab­ was bom in the oration on topics of Bitterroot Valley, and substantial global I had the opportunity significance. to get a master’s A three-time degree at UM.” Fulbright award Livingstone recipient, Koehn is one of twelve U.S. schol­ received her bache­ ars and professionals in the program. He will lor’s degree from the receive a $40,000 grant. College of William The first year’s research theme, and Mary in 1968. “Challenges of Health in a Borderless She also completed World,” aims to facilitate a deeper under­ postgraduate studies standing of the social context within which at the Fletcher societies, nations and the global community School of Law and shape their response to disease. Diplomacy and at Koehn met with his fellow New Century Tufts University. Scholars at an orientation on Lake Como in

W inter 2001 M ontanan 3 y^RO UND THE OVAL

Bellagio, Italy, in the fall. He will conduct his cover story about Professor Steve Running research project next summer at the and the Earth Observing System program in University of Joensuu in Finland, where he the Spring 2001 issue. will study the physical and mental health W hen asked what they would change in needs of migrant populations. “This is an the Montanan, the word “more” seemed to be incredible opportunity to learn from the a dominant theme. Readers wanted: more exciting ideas and insights for improving profiles of alumni and Class Notes; a bigger global health that my colleagues will be shar­ magazine, published more often; more histor­ ing,” Koehn says. ical features and stories on faculty; more Founding director of UM’s Office of color; more stories on the School of Forestry; International Programs, Koehn teaches more emphasis on research; and more courses in development administration, the “mores” than space allows us to list. politics of global migration and comparative Some questions were designed to learn politics. In 1999, UM recognized his work how readers view the Montanan within a with the Distinguished Service to broader framework. More than 72 percent get International Education Award. His previous from half to all of their information about Fulbright awards took him to Nigeria and UM from the magazine; about 65 percent Hong Kong. read from half to most of the magazine; and about half of the respondents spend from thirty minutes to more than an hour read­ What Do ing the magazine. Montanan Readers W hen given descriptions of possible sto­ ries to run in future issues, a feature about the em larch Really Want? changing face of Missoula was chosen most trees, which often as a story respondents said they’d be hat’s what we wanted to know last are prevalent | likely to read. That story is in the works. summer as the Montanan staff and vol­ across the Northwest. unteers embarked on a three-day ran­ One surprise: Respondents also reported According to Rudbach, the they would be interested in reading short sto­ domT telephone survey of readers. We were extract has gone through a series of tests and heartened by the response, with nearly three- ries by Montana writers. The Montanan has currently is classified as “Generally Regarded not included fiction in past issues, but we are quarters of the original as Safe” — GRAS — by the U.S. Food and seriously considering it now. Many thanks to 456 contacts familiar Drug Administration. with the magazine the readers who participated. We learned a The extract’s inventor is Professor great deal from the survey that we hope will and willing to take time Emeritus Geoffrey Richards, who directed to respond to our rather make the magazine more interesting, enter­ UM’s Shafizadeh Wood Chemistry Lab from in-depth survey. taining and enlightening for all of us. 1985 to 1995. An Australian citizen who was Here’s a snapshot of bom in England, Richards has fifteen patents what we learned: alumni sections are hot, from his time working in UM labs. with Class Notes and Alumni Notes the The extract has been licensed by Larex, most read of the regular departments; features Inc., a Minnesota-based company. Larex stories are read as frequently as departments; began using the larch tree extract in 1996 as features about Montana historical sites or wood extract patented by UM may an emulsifier and stabilizer in the food, feed regional attractions are most popular, with soon be protecting food supplies and cosmetic industries, according to Sandy stories about the UM campus and Missoula across America and around the Bigelow, the company’s vice president for coming in a close second. A research and development. Currently, Larex world. The larch tree extract contains a chei W hen participants were asked if they ical called arabinogalacta, which was found b processes western larch trees taken from the could remember a story they had read recent­ a UM lab to suppress the growth of sabnonell Libby area in its manufacturing plant in ly, responses ranged widely, with the story and E. coli bacteria in chicken and beef. Cohasset, Minnesota. The company generally “Teachers W ho Have Changed Lives” in the Jon A. Rudbach, UM assistant vice pres processes the bottom ten to fifteen feet of Winter 2000-01 issue cited the most often, dent for research and economic develop­ larch trees that aren’t used by the timber fallowed closely by general stories on the ment, says the extract comes from “juice” industry. Bigelow says Larex may consider a Flathead Lake Biological Station and the produced from die compressed wood of wes continued on page 6 4 Winter 2001 M ontanan A l u m n i o f t h e D istinguished V a r ie t y Six UM graduates received the U M Alum ni Association’s highest honor, the Distinguished Alumni Award, during this year’s Homecoming celebration. Award recipients are Roberta Carkeek Cheney, the late Jeffrey G. Cole, Sara S. Foland, Margaret E. MacDonald, Richard Albert Shadoan and Jean A . Tumage. Cole’s widow, Maria Little Cole, accepted the award for her late husband.

Roberta Carkeek Cheney Jeffrey G. Cole Sara S. Foland Margaret E. MacDonald Richard Albert Shadoan Jean A. Tumage Cheney became a freelance writer, poet, sixteen years with Amoco, Foland moved administration in 1953 and psychology in editor, teacher and historian after receiving from various geo-technical positions to 1954- That same year, Shadoan traveled to her bachelor’s degree in English from UM in become manager of acquisitions and divest­ Munich, Germany, where he served with the 1932. She has written, edited or co-authored ment for the corporation’s Western Business Army ROTC program until 1956. After his thirteen books and published more than 100 Unit. In 1992 she received a master’s degree military service, he enrolled in the premed magazine and newspaper articles. Cheney in business administration from the program at the University of Munich served as national president of Western Executive Program of the Indiana University Medical School and continued his education Writers of America in 1978 and 1979. She is School of Business. She will receive her doc­ in Hamburg, Germany, where he received a best known for her book Names on the Faces toral degree in tectonics from the University medical degree. of Montana, which is considered a basic refer­ of California, Santa Cruz this year. Foland He has been in private practice in San ence work on the state’s history and geogra­ currently is vice chair of the board and vice Francisco since 1966 and teaches clinical psy­ phy. Another book, Hans Kleiber, Artist of the president of Denver’s Newkirk Engler & May, chiatry at the School of Medicine at the Big Horn Mountains, was named Best Western a private foundation whose mission is to University of California, San Francisco. Art Book of 1976 by the Cowboy Hall of make science relevant to society and readily Shadoan was a founder of San Francisco’s Fame. Cheney currently presents lectures on available to the public. Medically Indigent Adult Program, which Montana place names and writes weekly MacDonald received a bachelor’s degree treats more than 500 uninsured patients each columns about the state’s history for the in journalism from UM in 1974. From 1977 year. Ennis newspaper, the Madisonian. to 1986 she was a community organizer for Tumage, a St. Ignatius native, enrolled at Cole, a world-renowned journalist, died in the Northern Plains Resource Council, UM in 1946 following his discharge from an airplane crash in January while on assign­ directing its efforts on behalf of eastern active military duty with the U.S. Army Air ment as aerospace editor for The Wall Street Montana ranchers and farmers. Since 1990 Corps. He earned a law degree in 1951. In Journal. He received a bachelor’s degree in MacDonald has been executive director of 1995 he was awarded an Honorary Doctor of journalism from UM in 1980 and joined the the Montana Association of Churches. She Legal Letters degree from the University. staff of the Missoulian. While at The Wall also chairs the Billings Human Relations Tumage was admitted to the Montana Bar in Street Journal, Cole wrote more than 800 Commission, which advises city leaders on 1951 and began a law practice in Poison that stories, breaking some of the newspaper’s human rights issues. In 1993 she was an orga­ year. biggest exclusives. He received many awards nizer of the “Not in Our Town” campaign, a In 1952 he was elected Lake County during an illustrious journalism career that response to anti-Semitic violence in the city. attorney and was re-elected four times; in spanned more than two decades. In June The campaign earned MacDonald the 1995 1962 he was elected state representative and Cole was named winner of the Boeing Montana Association of Churches in 1964 state senator. Tumage was chosen Decade of Excellence Award. Governor’s Humanities Award. chief justice of the Montana Supreme Court Foland received a master’s degree in geol­ Shadoan, a Billings native, was a Grizzly in 1984 and elected to a second eight-year ogy from UM in 1982 and went to work for quarterback from 1949 to 1953. He earned term in 1992. He stepped down in January Amoco Corporation in Denver. During her bachelor’s degrees from UM in business and currently is in private practice in Poison.

W inter 2001 M ontanan 5 Students Make the 'Big Time' student-produced television pro­ gram, Anaconda : The Legacy, Areceived an Emmy at the 38th annual Northwest Region of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences awards celebration in Seattle in June. Produced by UM seniors in the journal­ ism school’s Department of Radio-TV, the program profiled the history of the powerful and controversial Anaconda Company, which at one time controlled the media, as well as mining and timber interests in Montana.

Sound of Music Finds Its Way to Missoula

on Trapp family talent has made the sacred music and Austrian folk songs its way from the Austrian Alps to performed by the original von Trapp Va valley in Montana’s Rocky singers,” Basinski says. “We’re keeping Mountains. Four great-grandchildren of with that same basic idea but expanding it Captain Georg von Trapp — Sofie, 13; a bit. We will include folk music that 35,000 number of employees at Melanie, 11; Amanda, 10; and Justin, 6 — Americans are familiar with, such as their desks in the World Trade are shown here at a performance in UM’s ‘Homeward Bound,’ and ‘Danny Boy,’ and Center by 9 a.m. on a typical Music Recital Hall. The descendants of sacred music — from a Latin ‘Dona Nobis’ workday the family made famous in the 1965 to an Amy Grant tune, ‘Her Father’s 33,892 population of Butte, Montana Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The Eyes.’” 6,333 number of people missing or Sound of Music are working with Anne The singers are the children of Annie confirmed dead from the terror­ Basinski, UM associate professor of music, and Stefan von Trapp, son of Werner, the ist attacks of September 11 to produce a CD to be released this youngest boy of the seven von Trapp fami­ 6,453 combined population of White- December. ly children [called Kurt in the movie]. The fish and Bigfork, Montana “The recording will include some of family lives in the Flathead Valley. 5,855 number of freshmen and sopho­ mores at UM

343 number of firefighters con­ second processing facility based in western did not meet fall enrollment projections in firmed dead in attacks Montana if demand for products containing the past three years, resulting in budget cuts 330 number of people living in arabinogalacta increases. ranging from $1 million to $2 million each Hysham, Montana fall. “It’s a pretty good feeling,” says UM reaking ecords President George Dennison. “The figures are 15.6 acres in the World Trade B R very impressive. They reveal the tremendous Center complex all semester found both UM enrollment amount of work that everyone involved in 15 acres in the Adams Center and and student credit loads at an all-time enrollment and recruitment has done to Washington-Grizzly Stadium high. UM’s fall 2001 head count achieve this result.” F 12 mil. square feet of office space in the increased by 255 students, for a total of Dennison also credited UM’s faculty and World Trade Complex 12,668. The most notable increases were deans for making classes available for stu­ among new freshmen and graduate students. dents. 2.9 mil. assignable square footage on the The increase bodes well for UM, which UM campus

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W inter 2001 M ontanan j i r j : c

Fall Sports: Midterm Report By Rick Stern he middle of UM’s fall semester also tive victories and three conference wins by a heaping helping so far, munching their way signifies the middle of the season for October 20, when Montana marched into to a 5-0 record in Big Sky Conference play. Grizzly football, soccer and volleyball Hagstaff and beat Northern Arizona 38-27. A key match to play is the Griz/Cat game teams.T Each is having a different level of suc­ They followed it up with a 33-13 win over scheduled for November 17 in Bozeman. The cess as we go to press. However, like profes­ Portland State at home and a squeaker at Cats have rebounded nicely after a disastrous sors at midterm, Montana’s head coaches Pocatello November 3, beating the Idaho 2000 season of no wins and eleven losses. seem less interested in grading their teams’ State Bengals 32-28. The victory was the They now hold a 3-2 record in conference accomplishments midseason than they are in Grizzlies’ eighteenth consecutive in Big Sky play and a 4-5 record overall. The game fig­ imagining what success can be achieved Conference contests and their tenth consecu­ ures to be important for both squads. It also before the final whistles sound. tive conference win on the road. Both of will be a necessary bite to swallow if the these streaks are the longest in conference Grizzlies hope to return to their fourth A Tradition of Success history. national championship game in seven In his first season at the helm of UM’s Montana football has achieved years. football program last year, head coach Joe this success despite injuries to sev­ The executive director of Glenn continued an excellent eight-year run eral key players. Starting quarter­ Sportsnetwork.com, the organiza­ back John Edwards was tion that ranks the top twenty- knocked out of a 42-7 teams in the I-AA is win over one person who Sacramento State expects to see that with a concussion. happen. Tony He was replaced Moss’s com­ the following mentary week by junior after the backup Brandon Neill, who led the team to a 49-19 Homecoming win over St. Mary’s of California. Injuries early in the Idaho State game also sidelined Edwards. Several offensive linemen have missed signifi­ cant amounts of playing time, as have key of winning UM seasons by leading the defensive players such as comerback Grizzlies to the national championship game, Calvin Coleman. The fact that the where Montana lost a heartbreaker to Grizzlies have overcome these injuries with­ Georgia Southern by two points. out stumbling has many of the Montana The 2001 Grizzlies have continued that faithful hoping for another wildly successful tradition of success, gamering a ranking of season of Grizzly football. first place Division I-AA team in the country “I’m so typical as a football coach,” says by late October. In early November, Glenn. “I just look at the games one at a Montana’s record stands at 8-1, with the only time. We have goals — to win the league, to blemish coming at the hands of the make the playoffs, and we’d like to win the University of Hawaii, a Division I-A squad national championship. I talk to our kids with an impressive 5-2 record. The Rainbow about... how do you eat an elephant? It’s Warriors beat the Grizzlies 30-12 in Maui in obviously a big job, but you’ve got to early September. Yohaece Humphrey, leading rusher approach it one bite at a time.” hi UM history, has tallied 1,179 The Grizzlies had chalked up six consecu- The Grizzlies have successfully swallowed yards this season in nine games..

8 Winter 2001 M ontanan Teresa Stringer goes for a block against Gonzaga.

behind with thirteen goals, tops among new­ Turning a Corner Midseason comers to the conference. On the volleyball court, head coach Fast forward one year, and it’s clear that Nikki Best has seen injuries limit her team’s 2001 has been unkind to Montana’s team ability to succeed for the second time in her health. Olson suffered a concussion, which two-year tenure at the helm. Montana has forced her to miss Montana’s first two games. been without three of its six starting players Wronski is still trying to work herself back for most of the season and stands at 5-15 into shape after missing the first half of the overall, 2-11 in Big Sky Conference play season to recover from knee surgery. with one game left to play. “We do have a talented team and a hard­ Montana’s first win came in late Septem­ Portland State win was: “ . . . don’t be sur­ working team,” says Duerksen, who, along ber over Weber State; the team began the prised to see a lot of copper, silver and gold with her players, has remained positive about second half of the season by beating Portland around Chattanooga on December 21. the Grizzlies’ chances for success this season. State, but they couldn’t put together another Washington-Grizzly is the top stadium and “This year, we just haven’t gotten the breaks. win in the next few weeks. “We’re a pretty has the best atmosphere in I-AA, hands Sooner or later, we’ll be back.” competitive group and we don’t like to lose,” down, bar none, case clased, end of story. If Duerksen’s prediction started to come true says Best. “The good part is that we have a your team gets sent to Missoula for the play­ in mid-October. After scoring just nine goals lot of young players who are gaining experi­ offs, put a second mortgage on the house, in their first ten games, the Grizzlies turned ence and getting better every week.” fork over the thousand bucks for airfare, dress their offensive woes around with a 4-0 con­ But, if it’s true that it’s more important warm and find a way to get there. You’ll be ference win over Sacramento State on where you finish than where you start, this amazed.” October 19 and a 3-0 non-conference win fall is shaping up to be successful seasons for over Gonzaga two days later. Montana’s football and soccer teams. Looking for a Break October 26, the team notched the The Montana soccer team has not weath­ Grizzlies’ 100th win since the inception of Rick Stem is a freelance writer, the ered injuries to key players as gracefully as the the program, beating Portland State 3-0. director of the Missoula office of the Rock football squad. The most dominant soccer Montana went on to a decisive victory over Creek Alliance, a sports fan and a team in the history of the Big Sky Northern Arizona, clinching a UM student. Conference, the Grizzlies find themselves at spot in Big Sky postseason play. 8-6 overall and 3-3 in Big Sky Conference The Grizzlies sufferend a 1-0 ■ play. These results are uncharacteristic for Montana soccer, which came into the season with a 75-25-5 record in its five-year history, loss to and a 27-2-1 record in four years of Big Sky Eastern Washington the Conference play. Head coach Betsy Duerksen next weekend, with lead ^ has a career winning percentage of .690, good scorer Liz Roberts sidelined for eighteenth-best among active college due to a shoulder injury. women’s soccer coaches across the country. Roberts is expected back for “We’re a very good defensive team and the Big Sky tournament our players on the defensive side are having in November, and an excellent year,” says Duerksen, who last the Grizzlies are year led the Grizzlies to the second round of poised to the NCAA tournament for the first time in school history. “Offensively, we just haven’t been seeing the production that we’re ^ overcome a used to,” she says. / rough start to finish The dip in offensive production 2001 with characteristic sue- can be attributed to injuries to Liz Roberts defends against a Toledo player. Montana’s most successful and experienced returning goal scorers. In 2000, Heather Olson scored fourteen goals to lead the Big Sky Conference, and Amy Wronski was right

Winter 2001 M ontanan 9 T he Measure of the M an The Charactenof P i Mike Mansfield

B Y PAUL LAUREN

Montana, the nation and the world mourn the loss of Mike Mansfield, who died October 5, 2001, of congestive heart failure at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C. Maureen Mansfield preceded him in death September 20, 2000.

10 Winter 2001 Montanan Paul Lauren delivered the following tribute at example, he allowed the daily press confer­ nation to its principles of accountability by UM’s celebration of Mansfield’s life, October 17. ence to be held not in his office, but in that of those who govern and to reaffirm that no one Lauren knew the Mansfields nearly thirty years Senator Everett Dirksen, the Republican is above the law in a democratic society. This and was the founding director of the Maureen and Minority Leader. Why? Because he believed it is what made him great. Mike Mansfield Center. He is Regents Professor would be good for the country as a whole. This Similarly, Mike Mansfield was an honest of History at UM. is what made him great. man with a profound sense of the difference Mike Mansfield also was loyal. He was between right and wrong. His firm and steady uch has been said and loyal to his wife, Maureen, and to their long handshake, even in old age, was his bond. He written about Mike marriage together. He knew that it was she was not afraid to tell the truth. It is always easy Mansfield since his who had taken him out of the mines of Butte, to tell the truth to someone who wants to hear death, particularly about she who had urged him to go to The it. It takes courage, on the other hand, to tell his extraordinary accom­ University of Montana to make something of the truth when you know in advance that the plishments at The Universityhimself, of Montana, she who in had sold her life insurance listener does not want it at all, especially if M they happen to be the President of the United the U.S. Congress, and in his service as U.S. policy in order to raise enough money to make ambassador. As we pause to reflect the legacy it all possible, and she who was his constant States. Because he was honest, and because he of this remarkable man who was in our midst, adviser and companion. Their love was some­ was a man of principle, people trusted him, it might be useful to consider that it was his thing truly beautiful to behold as he gently even if they were on opposite sides of an issue. accomplishments that made him impressive — took her hand or she took his arm for support. One of the most impressive features of his but it was his character that made him great. He was loyal to The University of Montana. funeral in Arlington National Cemetery was A number of years ago, I had the pleasure In every conversation that I ever had with seen in the fact that nearly half of the mem­ of eating a dinner with Mike and Maureen him, on any subject, sooner or later I knew bers of the U.S. Senate — Democrat and Mansfield at the ambassador’s residence in that this life-long teacher and former profes­ Republican alike without distinction — com­ Tokyo. A t the end of the meal, Maureen and I sor, whose photograph still hangs in the pletely stopped work and came to honor him. sat down with each other on the sofa and Department of History today, would ask about Years before when he retired from Congress, engaged in a wonderful and long-ranging dis­ the students at the University. He was loyal to his colleagues described him as “the con­ cussion. I asked her directly at that time what the state of Montana and loved it and its peo­ science” of the Senate, and praised him for set­ she believed would be her husband’s greatest ple dearly. He spoke poetically about the land­ ting “an inspiring example of the very highest legacy. Without the slightest hesitation, she scape of the mountains and the plains, and in standards of principled public service” and in looked at me and responded: “His character. every town (no matter what size) he knew demonstrating “a moral leadership which What will make him great is the person that someone by name. reflects the ideals and finest traditions in our he is and his contributions to ethics in the He was also loyal to his country. He was an country.” This is what made him great. conduct of public affairs.” American in the most meaningful sense of the All of these character traits revealed that Maureen’s judgment was sound and solid as word: W hen our country was at its best, he was he was a truly humble, loyal and honest per­ a rock. It firmly and wisely guided our actions quick to praise it; when it erred and strayed son. He was a genuine human being who in creating the Maureen and Mike Mansfield from its true values, he refused to simply criti­ knew himself — and this is what people Center, and helps to explain why we first cize from the sidelines, but instead rolled up his sensed when they met him. He was the real focused on the subject of ethics in public sleeves and worked to fix the flaw. His sense of thing, and they knew it. This explains why affairs. It also helped me to understand just the difference between right and wrong, for presidents, prime ministers, Japanese emper­ what a privilege it was to personally experi­ example, explains why he played a monumen­ ors, secretaries-general of the United Nations, ence the measure of the man — the character tal role in passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 senators and congressmen, ambassadors, civil — of Mike Mansfield. and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 in order to rights activists, wealthy investors, impover­ One of his most important character traits guarantee that all people would be provided ished students, housewives, generals and was his genuine humbleness. To be truly with equal protection under the law regardless admirals, peace protestors, veterans, journal­ accomplished and to be genuinely humble at of the color of their skin. ists, Native Americans, ranchers and farmers, the same time is a rare quality. His satisfaction His compassion for the well-being of others high school students with Montana t-shirts came from within and he disliked drawing explains why he worked so hard to pass legis­ visiting Washington, and customers sitting on attention to himself. He was modest and lation providing medical care for the sick, the barstools at the Ox all felt comfortable in unpretentious, quick to pour a cup of coffee assistance for the poor, education for those his presence. They all sensed that they could himself for any visitor in his office, to give who desperately needed it. His commitment connect with him as a real person, and they praise to others, to allow them to take credit to the country and the Constitution explains were absolutely right. for achievements, and to give them the oppor­ why he created the Senate Watergate Mike Mansfield was a great man who graced tunity to hold center stage. During the negoti­ Committee and established the Select us and taught us and made us proud with his ations surrounding civil rights legislation, for Committee on Intelligence to help return the character, and we are all the richer for it.

Winter 2001 M ontanan 1 1 H i 5 KS w a w VJ

Roots, guts and determination flflM fili 111 Edwards 9 H mak^ his mark.

B Y CARY S H I M E K

father stood outside his oldest son’s room. The boy joining him for a flying tour of his Montana businesses. Before takeoff had been holed up for hours, feeling sorry for himself. he strides back to his car — no limping — to get some rubber over- Clifford couldn’t run and play like the other kids. boots from the trunk. He stows these aboard his new Cessna Citation Perthes’ disease had left his leg a withered stick that V, the flagship of his charter airline service. He recently bought the lux­ ■ was two inches too short. He had worn a brace and urious eight-seater from the been on crutches since he was five. The doctor said he would neverPorsche be able family to of Europe. run or play sports. To top things off, kids at school had caught wind that “You always need over- Clifford’s first name was Alvin, just like the cartoon character. Clifford would boots, no matter what the whack away at them with his crutches, but the Chipmunk jokes kept coming. vehicle,” he says with a grin. Clifford could be a pretty upbeat kid, but he was wearing down. So his Edwards is a homegrown dad, Bill, a Denton bankerfrancher, came in and said, “You get that goddamn success story — a Montana look off your face. There’s a whole lot of people who have red problems, and Renaissance man — equally you don’t have a thing that’s going to bother you except you are going to have at home in big-city court­ to rehab that leg, and it’ll come back, and at least you will be able to walk, rooms and manure-filled and a lot of people can’t. Now you pick yourself up and you get back at it.” pastures. (He jokes that It was tough talk, and Bill walked out before his son could see what that sometimes there’s not much speech cost him. The boy’s eyes got moist. But he got out of bed. difference.) One of the state’s top civil trial lawyers, It’s early and raining when A. Clifford Edwards, 53, arrives at the he owns the Billings law Missoula airport. He’s got on his black cowboy hat and Wranglers, and firm of Edwards, Frickle, he greets me and UM photographer Todd Goodrich with bone-crush- Halverson & Anner- Edwards volunteers to teach the suauaer ing handshakes and a deep voice with a slight Western twang. We’re Hughes. He also owns the Advanced Trial Advocacy coarse at UM. 12 Winter 2001 Montanan Edwards Angus Ranch near Denton — 80,000 acres and growing — and the Billings-based Edwards Jet Center, which operates about fifty charter aircraft and includes a Kalispell branch office. His busi­ nesses employ 125 Montanans. He has two children — Chris, twenty-six, and John, twenty-two — “I had to have Marc pretend to be me and call her dorm because I both of whom study communications at UM. John is the starting quar­ didn’t have the courage to ask her out,” Edwards says. “She was so beau­ terback for the Grizzlies football team. Both sons are leaning toward law tiful, and she was homecoming queen that fall.” school. Edwards married Denise the summer before he started law school at Meeting Edwards is a kick. He laughs a lot, tells jokes and cusses like UM, and she used her job as a third-grade teacher to help put him a ranch hand. He’s a great storyteller — an ability that pays big divi­ through school. Edwards, who later in life would give the law school its dends in the courtroom — and his stories produce stories that beget sto­ largest donation ever, said he didn’t enjoy his UM schooling. ries. He’s hard to keep on track during an interview because he’s so “I hated it,” he says. “I was a C student. It was a necessary evil so I quick-witted and so many things interest him. And he isn’t afraid to could get out. But I knew I wanted to be a courtroom lawyer, and I discuss the things in life that have affected him deeply. wanted to represent people.” Despite his “appalling lack of interest in A third-generation Montanan, Edwards has deep roots in the Judith academics,” Edwards must have showed some potential, because he Basin country of central Montana. In fact, he credits much of his suc­ remembers one of his professors calling him in one day during his sec­ cess to his family-oriented, rural upbringing in the tiny town of Denton. ond year and saying, “I’m sending you to Billings to work for [the law To Edwards, family is everything, especially when life throws a curve- firm of] Timer Moses this summer. The firm has given me authority to ball. hire the toughest son of a bitch in the class who’s going to be the best trial lawyer. That’s you.” Clifford’s leg got stronger day by day. One of his dad’s handyman friends had converted the boy’s old Schwinn into a stationary exercise bike. Plywood pressed against the back tire provided resistence, and Clifford burned through the boards. By the time he was twelve he’d lost his leg brace, but another, greater calamity struck his family. His two^yeox-dd sister, Sheila, drowned in the creek behind the bam. His dad had been in the corral feeding heifers. Clifford and his brother had been playing basketball. Nobody had heard anything, and they were shocked because the girl never went anywhere without them. Clifford’s mother had trouble coping with the tragedy. For a year she would break down and cry at nearly every family meal. Finally, her husband said, “Margaret, life is for the living, and we can’t do a damn thing about the fact that our little girl is dead, and it sure doesn’t do the rest of us who are alive any good to be living like this.” Clifford never forgpt what his father said — lifeisforthe living. It helped him find the strength to move on when his straight'talking father passed away in 1988, and when more loss struck in the future. It taught him to live every day like it was his last. Timer Moses got Edwards into the courtroom, allowing him to try cases in the police and justice of the peace courts, and it was as if Cliff By the time Edwards was in high school, he was a football running had found a second home. He began developing a conversational court­ back, a track athlete and a bareback bronc rider. His parents sent a room style that plays well with juries. The attorneys in Moses’s firm newspaper clipping about his setting a school record in the 100-yard liked what they saw and hired Edwards right out of law school. dash to the doctor who said he’d never run again. Edwards gravitated toward civil law as he worked in various law His mother was a schoolteacher, so Edwards says there was never firms. “I really love representing average Montanans against big out-of- any doubt about his going to college. He did his undergraduate studies state corporations,” he says. “I love representing small Montana busi­ at Carroll College in Helena, where he was a running back for the nesses that are the victims of large insurance companies and large cor­ Fighting Saints and met a great circle of friends, all of whom have gone porations, and 1 do it with enthusiasm. Hell, it’s sport.” on to become successful. One of those was Marc Racicot, later a popu­ Edwards never works from notes in the courtroom; he just thinks lar, two-term Montana governor. Edwards says Racicot helped him ask about the case and argues it. “To me it’s a very natural thing,” he says. his future wife, Denise, on their first date. “I never take a case I don’t believe in.”

W inter 2001 M onuman 13 John, Cliff and Christopher Edwards

The hurt continues, especially when something good happens that Denise would have loved to see. She lived for her family. It’s at those moments that Cliff needs his family, to help him cowboy up and keep going. To help him remember that life is for the living. Edwards’ success as a trial lawyer has allowed him to branch into other business ventures. Since 1988, for instance, he has been growing the family spread near Denton into the Edwards Angus Ranch, one of | the top purebred Black Angus operations in He tackles cases on a contingency basis, meaning his firm doesn’t Montana, and thus the United States. get paid unless it wins a judgment for the client. The firm puts up all Managed by Edwards’ cousin Dwight Barber, the ranch runs 2,000 the front money to pursue the case and eats the expense of a loss. “The head of cattle over thousands of acres between Denton and Stanford contingent fee is the poor man’s ticket to the courtroom,” Edwards says. and a stretch north of Winnett. The operation is high-tech: Embryos Despite his legal skills, there was a learning curve, and Edwards lost are flushed from top-notch cows and implanted in surrogate mothers, all the big cases he tried in the early ’80s. He says he turned a comer in enhancing the overall genetics of the herd. Computer chips contained 1983 when he narrowly lost a design case against General Motors. He in pouches attached to cow tails tell when the females are in estrus, and represented four oil-field workers who were hurt in an accident in a a centerpiece of the operation is the “embryo bam.” Sales of semen vehicle with motor mounts that would rot and fail, which made the from Edwards bulls have brought in millions. engine stick at full acceleration. One worker was left paralyzed from the Edwards says the ranch is a labor of love that offers an escape from neck down. However, the workers were drunk at the time of the acci­ the courtroom and an opportunity to get back to his Judith Basin roots. dent, and Edwards couldn’t overcome that prejudice. He has bought out ten ranches to grow his operation, and he and “General Motors poured beer all over the courtroom for three Barber plan further expansion. They enjoy improving the properties weeks,” he says. “Drunk, drunk, drunk. It was a crushing defeat, but it they buy — seeding farmland to pasture, planting shelter belts and pro­ didn’t shake my confidence because I knew we were right.” viding stretches for wildlife habitat. The foundation has been laid for a Thereafter he and his partners settled a lot of cases. (Edwards says sales bam that will accommodate 350 people, and Edwards soon will ninety-seven percent of cases never go to trial.) Then in the ’90s, after break ground on a family lodge overlooking a four-acre pond on prop­ starting his own law firm, Edwards tried more than ten cases with ver­ erty his grandfather, A.C. Edwards, owned more than a half century dicts in his clients’ favor of $1 million or more. In one 1999 case, when ago. The site has a spectacular view of “Old Baldy” in the Little Belt Burlington Northern was found guilty of dumping hazardous material in Mountains and Edwards’ favorite Judith Basin landmark, Square Butte. a standard landfill, he landed a $15 million judgment. Edwards’ third career involves growing his Edwards Jet Center of Edwards relishes the feet that he, a small-town boy from Denton, Montana, an airline charter service. In 2001 he bought jet centers in often matches wits with Harvard- and Yale-educated attorneys and Billings and Kalispell, and he is continuing to expand to make the busi­ walks away with wins. He loves the competition and dares them to ness more competitive. A longtime charter-service user, he got into the underestimate him. “In business and life, you will win and you will business because “I felt like I was making payments and not getting any lose,” he says, “and when you lose, get up quicker than the son of a ownership.” He also believes a good charter service will help connect bitch that just knocked you down. Keep coming back until they get sick Montana to the nation and the world, spurring economic development. of you. That’s how you’ll eventually prevail: Just keep coming.” Edwards says Montana has been good to him and his family. He bris­ tles at the notion that the state lacks opportunity and that people have It’s the 2000 football season, and UM is playing Cal'State Northridge in to leave Montana to make a decent living. California. With two minutes to play, backup quarterback John Edwards “I take great pride in being a Montanan, and I know you can get steps in for the injured starter and throws the winning touchdown pass. John absolutely the finest education right here,” he says, “and I absolutely raises his hands in triumph and then points up at his family and friends in the refute the idea that there are no opportunities here. People need to look stands. Griz fans go nuts cheering, but John’s father steps back and turns around, get their butts out of bed, learn from people and read things. If away from the scene. you’re not afraid to make mistakes and don’t let the reversals get you The tears start because the mother of John and Chris isn’t around for that down, there is opportunity all around us. It’s here. The only question is, moment. Denise Edwards died in 1999 after a tough, sixty^day struggle with Do you want to grab it?” cancer. Cliff was with her in the hospital, watching her fight until the end. A t her funeral Cliff remembers Racicot saying, “If there’s anyone here looking Cary Shimek, news editor for University Relations, was proud to survive for fair, this is a very poor place to be today. Because it isn’t fair, but it’s what the interview that produced this story, since it involved flying over a good part happens of Montana while he coped with a flu virus.

14 Winter 2001 Montanan M:

B Y J 0 A N ME L CHER

n the late 1970s I rode, with a group that called itself Memories of the Smith Gang emerged as I began to read the first of the Smith Gang, The gang was composed of people three books published in 2001, all of which consider Montana and its . who might now be loosely classified as Montana yup­ people and try to understand how we fit into the general scheme of pies. Most of us had attended UM, if not graduated. things: This Sovereign Land: A New Vision for Governing the West by Many had advanced degrees. We lived in Missoula, Daniel Kemmis, The Natural West: Environmental History in the Great Helena, Butte, but we were for from urban in our outlook. WePlanes embraced and Rocky Mountains by Dan Flores, and Fifty Years After the Big I e s s a y s our state’s past and the Western myth with cowboy boots, tight Levis Sky: New Perspectives on the Fiction and Films of A.B . Guthrie, Jr., and periodic cries of “Powder River, Let Her Buck.” edited by William Farr and William Bevis. Our bos* was Paul,Smith, a Missoula lawyer at the time. We just I remembered a discussion I had with Boss as we traveled that stun­ called him Boss. O r Bossie when ning high mountain plateau in central Montana framed on one side by felt sentimental. Our main the Crazy Mountains, the Bridgers on the other. We were debating who nnual activity was to ride the should make decisions about Montana’s land. Growing up in Forsyth, Amtrak to the Bucking what I considered a community of almost enlightened farmers, ranch­ Horse Sale in Miles ers and railroad men on the Yellowstone River, I argued that the peo­ City, starting in ple closest to the land knew the most about it and should, largely, be Missoula and the decision makers. Boss said, no, public land belonged to all picking up mem­ Americans and the federal government likely would be more protective bers along the way. of the land than some people he could think of. Other notable events The debate continued for miles and was ended only by our arrival at were the Augusta Rodeo, Twodot, a round of Bloody Marys and another gang member’s offering floating the Smith River, and of an interesting tidbit of information: The Ringling Brothers Circus the original Testicle Festival had wintered in a town nearby. This captured my attention. I remem­ (Boss’s invention, with the main ber gazing out the small window in that short-ceilinged old bar and fare coming after a branding at imagining elephants lumbering across the sagebrush plain, their trunks his father’s ranch). Mainly, what snaking up to gather the scent of predators — a Pleistocene tableau jux­ we liked was to be together as a taposed on an unlikely vista: ageless, primitive, inscrutable. gang and travel the back roads A t that point, the reality of Montana’s inherent treasures of sky, of Montana, stopping in every land and assorted wildlife took center stage, but the debate has been at little bar that whispered our the heart of Montanans’ discussions and considerations since European descendants first settled it. In This Sovereign Land, Kemmis immerses the reader in the discus- Other essays are as mentally engaging. In “Nature’s Children” he sion and offers a surprising conclusion: the jurisdiction of the eight makes a compelling argument that homo sapiens evolved in much the states of the interior West, where nearly half of the land is under feder­ same way as other species, with “selfish” genes passed on that “prepared al control, eventually will shift from Washington, D.C., to a regional us to survive.” He writes, “Religions and environmental regulations governance. Kemmis offers as an example the Citizen Management limit the selfish gene’s freedom to act, which is why every anarchist Alternative, a force to emerge from the debate about reintroducing griz­ militiaman in the West has a bizarre conception of religion and the zly bears into the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness. Kemmis notes how the purest of hatreds for the state__ two sides, veterans of environment vs. resource extraction wars, had “Seen in this light, then, human environmental history is manifest­ determined that the various means available to them — gamering leg­ ly not a history of a once-godlike creature gone over the edge of sanity, islative support to kill the reintroduction or evoking the endangered but the story of a widely successful species that has been doing the same species act — resulted in a revolving door of activism and obstruction. things, for the same reasons, for three million years.” They determined that by sitting down and reasoning together they Flores does not exempt the Native American from this analysis, and could keep people working in the forests and also allow room for the grizzly to roam. Kemmis uses this and other examples to argue that forces shaping the West — as well as global forces outside it — are creating a dynamic that This Sovereign Land is moving the region closer to John Wesley Powell’s vision of govern­ by D a vklK em m is *78};; ment organized around regional watersheds and further from Bemand J ; D - Director ofU hd’s| DeVoto’s understanding of the relationship between the West and its O-Contidr Center for the. patriarchal federal government — “get out and give us more money.” | Rocky Mountain West| “The West will be in charge of grizzlies and grizzly habitat, of salmon and their rivers, of mining in the mountains and grazing on the grass­ | | | | 9$ lands,” Kemmis writes. “The West will be genuinely sovereign over itself, as Ukraine is now sovereign and as Wales is becoming sovereign.” Not surprisingly, Kemmis has friends and colleagues who don’t agree with his premise, but he puts forth a strong argument for a reality that is not likely to transpire with any certainty or dispatch and offers an interesting, well-researched variation on Montana’s ongoing contem­ plation of place, ownership and responsibility. The Natural West W hat was fascinating about reading these three books in sequence was observing the authors as they wove various strands of similar by Deni Fiores* t/M themes in works that looked at Montana and the West from three A S , Hanitnond points of view: governance, environmental history, and literature and Professor ;of History popular culture. Dan Flores would seem to disagree with Kemmis, at least from a his­ torical perspective. In an essay on the Rocky Mountains in The Natural West, he credits the creation of a “permanent Western public domain in the form of forest reserves” by the federal government in 1891 as the first step in defining the West: “. . . the Mountain West’s salient con­ Fifty Years After tributions to Western history are the core national forest public lands the Big Sky that today define the region as unique in the United States,” he writes. E dited by Wilharn E. Flores’ essays are at once earthy and intellectual, UM’s Hammond Farr,: Associate Director Professor of History bringing a new insight to a depth of research and o f U M Y & jS o n n o r knowledge in his field. In the aforementioned piece he debunks the C enter for- the Rocky myth of the “arid West,” providing a riveting discussion of mountains Mountain WestI and and their connection to plains that does the obvious — ties the arid W W dm W B e r ts tim plains to the life-giving runoff of the mountains. He writes: “Accepting English Professor, retired that the elevated mountains — with their verticality, their lifeforms and their moisture — by all logic ought to stand alongside aridlands as Mpiuorut Historical Society Press, Helena, 2 0oj< M the yin and yang of defining influences in Western ecology and history really ought not to stretch our imaginations.”

16 Winter 2001 Montanan in the following essay he uses new information, much of it from Indian Indians had more reason to think “it’s all gone” than would a white sources, to discuss several factors as major contributors to the demise of mountain man, but Welch cannily describes the cultural differences: “I the West’s vast herds other than the oft-cited government-sanctioned think one of the reasons that the Indians did survive is because they slaughter of buffalo in the mid-1800s. But first he notes the special rela­ were adaptable. For better or for worse, they pretty much embraced a tionship Plains Indians had with the buffalo, noting “more than eight lot of the white culture. Where the mountain men in The Big Sky thousand years of bison hunting on the Great Plains constitutes the seemed to reject the materialistic world of people back in civilization, longest-sustained human lifeway in North American history.” back in America, the Indians pretty enthusiastically accepted things Key factors Flores cites for the decline of buffalo populations in the that could make their life easier: horses, guns, sugar, mirrors, steel nineteenth century were drought and the availability of the horse to knives, trade cloth, and unfortunately, whiskey.... I think that may be the Plains Indians, which allowed them to hunt much more effective­ emblematic of the difference between the Indian perspective on the ly. He also explores other factors, including the impact of predators such West and the white perspective. The Indians accepted things. These as wolves, the participation by tribes in a global market for hides, early white people rejected things. And that made a difference in the bovine disease, a preference of young female cows for meat and hides, way they looked at the country.” and grazing competition from horses. He concludes: “... In an essay that makes the case for a state/federal part­ nership in governance, Pat Williams, former Montana the great days of the Plains Indians, the primal poetry of “It is the western humans and horses, bison and grass, sunlight and blue congressman, discusses how he helped protect the Rocky Mountain Front from oil exploration in the early 1980s, skies, and the sensuous satisfactions of a hunting life on story o f killing the sweeping grasslands was a meteoric time indeed. And partly in response to a plea from Guthrie. Williams dis­ cusses Montana’s relationship with the “feds” by first out­ the meteor was already fading in the sky a quarter century what we love before the Big Fifties began to boom.” , lining how the political parties have historically divided seats and elections. As I read the essays in Fifty Years After the Big Sky, my the story we thoughts returned to a statement by Wallace Stegner He then writes, “W hen is the last time you can remember two senators differing on interstate highway quoted by Kemmis in This Sovereign Land. In an essay must rewrite” titled “A Sense of Place,” Stegner writes, “No place is a funding for Montana, regardless of their party affiliation? place until it has had a poet.” Kemmis describes how a There has been no difference in how members both group of writers, including Stegner, Guthrie, Joseph Kinsey Howard, Republican and Democrat, eastern and western, have encouraged an and DeVoto, created their own “Bread Loaf, Montana” conference in active federal partnership when it comes to Montana’s airline service the late 1940s after attending the Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference in and airport construction. O n energy, they are clones.... There has been Vermont for several years, led by Robert Frost. a quiet, sometimes almost camouflaged, but nonetheless remarkable The sense of place Montana writers have since been able to articu­ unanimity among the members of the Montana delegation for fifty late is well-known today. But Howard, with publication of Montana: years — agreement that there are critical elements that absolutely High, Wide and Handsome in 1943 and Guthrie, with The Big Sky in cement the Montana partnership with the federal government.” 1950, were our first poets. In another essay William Bevis defines Guthrie’s theme: “The story The wide-ranging essays contained in Fifty Years After the Big Sky Guthrie tells is profound: It is the western story of killing what we love, shed light on this sense of place, which Flores defined in an essay in The the story we must rewrite.” Other essays in this impressive collection Natural West as “space plus culture equals place.” explore Guthrie’s Hollywood years, the portrayal of women in his nov­ r Guthrie’s contribution to our understanding of Montana and the els, the evolution of his fiction, his connection to his hometown of I West may begin with his character, Uncle Zeb, who exclaimed, She s Choteau, and environmentalism and Western myths. gone, damnit!” talking about the wide, open country in 1820. This S o ... how does the Smith Gang figure into all of this? The gang has sense of loss — or fear of loss — defining a sense of place is still at the moved beyond our mythic portrayal of place as Montanans and . core of our public discussion. In many ways, it is central to being a Westerners. Boss is now a caretaker of the land, having inherited his Montanan. family’s ranch; I’m a city dweller and editor of this magazine. We may James Welch explores this in his essay for the book when he writes have changed seats in our discussion of who should govern Montana about Uncle Zeb being reduced to hunting meat for Fort Union: ... for land. More likely, we’ve both broadened our perceptions and under­ an old mountain man like Uncle Zeb, this was the end of innocence, or standing of how we fit in this place we love, for when you talk about a the end of pristine wilderness, pristine country. It was all gone for him. sense of place being created from space and culture, you know that in And I found that pretty interesting because 1820 was only fifteen years Montana the space side of the equation is dominant. And just as it may after Lewis and Clark.” frighten people not accustomed to it, it is what keeps us here. It’s not Welch’s exploration of Guthrie’s fiction, along with Indian culture the myth of Montana and the West that we love; it’s the reality. But the and his own work, particularly Fool’s Crow, provide fascinating insight debate goes on. And it is in the discussion and exploration by writers of into the clash of cultures. It’s interesting to understand that in 1820 books like these that we can find a place for all of us.

Winter 2001 Montanan 17 5 eptemt>er 1 1-, 2001

Tim Lees '81, business administration, was working as an inter- national money broker for Euro Bank, Inc. on the 84th floor of the World Trade Center's Tower Two when the first plane hit Tower One. The following quotes were taken from a Missoulian story by Betsy Cohen. “A hole had been blown out and it was apparent there was a raging fire billowing out of the hole. At that point I went back to my desk. Most of the banks we speak to had already seen on TV that a plane had crashed into the other tower and urged us to flee. Curiously there were some people — about sixty — that stayed behind on the floor and thought everybody was overreacting, or didn’t understand the severity of it. I was trying not to panic because I thought a lot of people I work with were overly jumpy because of the bombing in 1993.1 was trying to keep my head on straight.... I realized it was worse when I saw a bunch of people jumping out the window — like birds flying. Once I saw peo­ ple jumping, I bolted and 1 told everyone who was there that things were getting bad and it was time to leave.... We were the last people to get on that elevator.... Three steps out of the elevator, the second About two thousand UM students, faculty and . staff members gathered on the Oval September T plane hit between floors 65 and 70— There was screaming and sirens 14 for a memorial service for the victims of tnp everywhere. There were a lot of people down, obviously downed by September 11 terrorjst attacks. debris, and a person clutching his chest — an apparent heart attack. You were running as fast as you could. I’ve lost a few steps since I grad­ uated, but I didn’t see too many people passing me.”

Army Capt. Firman Ray ’91, business administration, was work- Nate Schweber V I, journalism, was arriving for work as an mg in the Pentagon as a program analyst for the Office of the Deputy intern at Rolling Stone magazine in Manhattan. The following was Chief of Staff for Personnel. drawn from a dispatch to the Montana Kaimin. “I was in a big open room with cubicles. My wife, Sheila, called me “W hen 1 got off the subway and looked south down Sixth Avenue, and asked me If I knew what was going on, so I went into my boss’ office I could see smoke billowing from one of the towers. Thousands of peo­ about ten feet away. It had three walls around it. I was in there because ple seeped from the bottom of the skyscraper canyon, cell phones at ear, he had a T.V. There were only two of us in the colonels’ office when it and gaped at the wreckage. We were about sixty blocks away. The burn­ happened. A lot of the others [who had been watching news accounts] ing tower seemed to shake, then a half second later it crumbled from had gone back to their cubicles or had meetings. As I was sitting there the top to the bottom. The building seemed to pour outward as it fell, on my boss’ desk, there was an enormous explosion, like a concussion- like someone split it by jabbing a shovel down the middle. I think I felt type sound that knocked me off the desk and to the floor. We had a sus­ people gasp, I know I saw them cry. All I heard were sirens. I ran down pended ceiling and all of the wiring there began coming down around to the street and headed south against the flow of foot traffic. The us. I rolled underneath his desk__ I looked up and saw that everything streets were jammed curb to curb with pedestrians who parted for the was kind of safe, but it was hard to see anything but a big black dust onslaught of emergency vehicles. ... I followed the smoke, which cloud engulfing the whole area. I crawled out of the office and I heard stretched halfway up to the sky to the noontime sun, about sixty blocks some voice to the right. I crawled a little ways and then stood up at a south to Canal Street in Chinatown. There NYC police set up a block­ place where I could breathe and then I saw people being evacuated. We ade to herd people north. 1 tried to bust through with a wind sprint only went out into the fourth corridor and started out and found that a fire to be manhandled back by three of NYC’s finest. I watched hundreds of door had closed on us and we learned we had to go toward the A ring. folks walk out of the dust cloud with surgical masks over their noses and I was concerned with the structural damage. Things were falling all mouths. I saw one disheveled man in a black suit covered in gray soot around us and there was thick black smoke. I thought it might be one from top to toe. His jacket was tom, his briefcase was slashed, one shoe of a series of attacks— I know a lot of the people that were in my bay was missing and he had soot caked onto all his exposed skin. Every time that have been confirmed dead. Within my office, more than twenty he moved, puffs of soot rose from his clothes.” were killed and wounded ”

18 Winter 2001 Montanan O cto b er 5>, 2001 Capt. Tom Zeigler, a sixteen-year veteran of the Missoula Rural Fire District, traveled to New York and spent twelve days helping in the search and recovery effort. “I have eleven friends there missing. That’s why I went. I train with the hazardous materials — HazMat-1 — team every year in New York. I’m one of the training officers for our haz-mat team. I was very anxious to get over there when I heard what had happened. I was looking for my best friend. Thank God he survived it. He and his partner were at the base of Tower Two when it started to collapse and they dove through a window and hid behind a pillar and that’s what protected them. I went to help him and be with him. He’s the liaison with the FEMA task force, and I helped him set up caches and supplies for the rescue workers. I didn’t go on the pile until the eighth day I was there and it’s a sight that I’ll never forget. I couldn’t handle it. After a half day, I said I don’t want to be picking up pieces of my friends like that. We were finding a hand, a foot, a torso.... I wanted to remember them the way they were. We did recover Lt. John Crisci intact. 1 continued helping with the supplies. I rode a couple of shifts with HazMat-1 and they were really glad I was there. Of the whole crew, there’s only seven of them left. Last night I checked in and they had found three more friends. Four have been recovered out of eleven. It’s hard to explain unless you’ve been there and seen it. You walk in and it’s like a 3-D movie set. You just can’t believe what has happened there.”

O cto b er 12, 2001 S e p t e m b e r 15, 2 0 0 1 Erika Colness Bishop ’88, journalism, unrote e-mail missives to EH Eller, a UM sophomore, was at a friend's house watching friends and family and her husband, Shane Bishop ’86, journalism, news reports of the attack the evening of September 11, when a a producer for NBC’s Dateline, from her home in Qlen Ridge, New phone call came from his mother. His father had been on the plane Jersey, where she waited to hear if friends had survived the attacks. that struck the Pentagon. He got up and left without a word to drive “At our prayer service last night our reverend asked anyone who to his family home in Helena. When asked for a statement for the wanted to stand and say out loud the names of people who needed our Montanan, he wrote the following: prayers.... The church was packed and everyone was shy at first, but “On September 11, over 6,000 people died. How many of those peo­ after the first person stood a flood of emotion and a torrent of names ple’s last thoughts were of misdeeds or unfinished business? The answer filled the church. Some asked for prayers of just one lost friend. ... is far too many. There is a monumental lesson to be learned here. We, as humans, will die. There is no way around that painful truth. Yet Others had lists of twenty or more names. One woman stood and could barely speak. Her friends translated for her and through her anguish it every day we go on saying things like, “I’ll do it tomorrow.” We must was revealed that she survived the attack but almost everyone she understand that tomorrow may never come. But instead of despairing worked with did not. She asked for prayers for over one hundred peo­ and giving up hope, instead of being completely self-oriented, live ple. Almost fifty people were lost from our small town of 5,000. One today to the fullest. Bask in the joy and the wonder around you. Don’t family with three small children lost both their mommy and their hold grudges, don’t be angry. You are wasting your time. Be true to all daddy. Our nanny brought a photo printout of a man who called his that you see. Hug a friend, pet a dog, laugh at even the stupid jokes. wife to say goodbye from the 98th floor of the towers. His children will Love everyone and everything around you and do not be afraid. If today not believe that he is lost. They are asking Shane to broadcast their is to be your last day, then you can go happily knowing you have no father’s face in the hopes that he is somewhere safe. By week’s end they regrets, no unfinished business— These are just words. Nothing I can too will know that he is safe, but not here on earth. Another family I say or do will make you realize how important it is to love. It is your told you about faced a more serious and hideous reality. Jennifer was choice to either spend your time being angry and screaming about var­ told her husband had survived and was in a hospital somewhere in crit­ ious injustices or to live in harmony with those around you. Just remember, everything ends. NO REGRETS.” ical condition.... He wasn’t; it was a hoax.”

Winter 2001 Montanan 19 Following the path of Glacial Lake Missoula's flood waters

STORY & PHOTOS BY PATIA STEPHENS

While many people know the Missoula Valley once held an ancient lake, few are aware that Glacial Lake Missoula transformed the terrain from western Montana to the Oregon coast. Helping to tell this phe­ nomenal story is UM geology Professor Dave Alt, author of Glacial Lake Missoula and Its Humongous Floods. The book, a successor to his popu­ lar Roadside Geology series, was my guide last summer, when I followed in Alt’s footsteps through the glacial leavings that form a substantial part of the states of Montana, Idaho, Washington and Oregon. Glacial Lake Missoula was created when a massive ice dam — a southern lobe of a glacial ice sheet that once covered much of Canada — blocked the flow of the Clark Fork River where it crosses the Montana-Idaho border. The lake’s icy waters filled the valleys of west­ ern Montana, from Darby to St. Regis to Garrison to Poison to beyond Noxon. W hen the ice dam broke, Glacial Lake Missoula drained cata­ Spoony Rock and the horizontal shorelines and vertical mudflow scars on Mount Sentinel and Mount Jumbo are remnants of Glacial Lake Missoula. strophically in a process that repeated at least forty times over the course of nearly 3,000 years. here’s nothing like geology to put one’s life into The lake’s brute force tore the once-rounded northern edge of perspective. For all our worries and passions, we Sentinel down to ragged bedrock as it ripped through Hellgate Canyon. are but tiny specks on the timeline of the human Its beaches left a litany of horizontal lines on the mountainsides of race, smaller still in the life span of this planet we Sentinel and Jumbo. Its receding waters created soggy, vertical mudflow scars on Missoula’s slopes. In Missoula,T we blithely carry out our lives at the center of what was Buildings, bridges and trees now sprout out of earth that was once, once geologic ground zero for a cataclysm that shook and shaped the twice, many times under nearly a thousand feet of water. Rocks the size northwestern United States. Some 12,000 years later, the scars of of household furniture decorate campus and neighborhoods across the Glacial Lake Missoula remain on the mountains around the University valley. The very water we drink bubbles up through layers of gravel laid campus. by Glacial Lake Missoula. 20 Winter 2001 M ontanan Rainbow Lake was drilled out ► of bedrock by a tornado-like current.

Missoula to the Ninemile Valley and brilliant greenish blue,” A lt writes, “as the last of the At its fullest, Glacial Lake Missoula “held approximately 500 cubic summer rock flour settled miles of water,” Alt writes, “about half the volume of Lake Michigan. It and the larch trees blazed was, truly, an inland sea.” yellow in the deepening My journey begins on the northwestern side of Missoula, where the chill of the coming winter.” flat valley floor starts to curve and swell in gentle hills near Mullan The record left by the Road, the Wye and the air- Ninemile roadcut is echoed port. Like ripples on a sandy in sediment deposits all stream bed, these hills were along the flood path, from formed by rushing water of a the Touchet beds in southeastern Washington to Oregon’s Willamette nearly unthinkable scale. West Valley. Surprisingly, none of these sediment dumps has revealed a of Missoula, the rushing flood human presence. Although existing fossil evidence — such as waters scrubbed the Alberton Kennewick Man — postdates the floods, most experts agree that there Gorge down to bedrock, creat­ probably were humans in the Northwest at the time. ing popular rafting rapids. Taking the Ninemile Road North to Camas Prairie and Rainbow Lake exit off Interstate 90, I soon It took an aerial photograph of Camas Prairie for geologist J.T. see a large, bleached cliff cut Pardee to recognize its ripple pattern in the late 1930s. Pardee, who in into the road. Here, the lake 1910 was among the earliest to identify Glacial Lake Missoula, was the dropped a load of sediment in first to even conceive of such a thing as giant ripples. But standing at which geologists can read a the north end of Camas Prairie, a few miles south of Hot Springs, I am tale of successive fillings, suddenly struck by their blatancy. The small hills undulate up the val­ Camas Prairie’s giant ripples were drainings and even seasons by ley floor like riffles on a mountain stream. formed by fast-moving water and are sim- counting “varves” — the light- East of Camas Prairie, just inside the western edge of the Flathead ilar to those on a stream floor. , , , , r , , c dark layers left by deposits or Indian Reservation, lies Rainbow Lake, or Dog Lake as it is known pale rock flour, a powder ground by moving glaciers and released in locally. A n oval basin of glittering water, Rainbow Lake was carved out summer meltwater. “Glacial Lake Missoula surely became a splendid of black bedrock by an extraordinary current, Alt explains, called a

I Flooding water from fU**~1*1 Lake Missoula readied speeds of 60 mph though Eddy Narrows.

Winter 2001 M ontanan 21 I Lake P f d Oreille was totally submerged under the k e dam that created Gtadal Lake Missoula.

“kolk.” Like an underwater tornado, a kolk drills out chunks of rock and I return to the area weeks later and slowly the thought dawns on me: hurls them downstream. I haven’t been thinking big enough. The Purcell Trench lobe of ice Other lakes, such as Flathead, Pend Oreille and Coeur d’Alene, spread nearly across the entire Idaho panhandle. The ice dam, merely were formed by the slower forces of glacial ice. Alt later explains this a small section of the lobe, was three miles long, ten miles across and astonishing process to me. During the close of the last ice age, he says, 2,000 feet tall. When the water behind the dam became deep enough, lobes of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet slowly receded northward. As they this southern finger of the vast ice sheet popped up like ice cubes in a melted, these mountains of ice developed streams and rivers of surface glass of lemonade. runoff, which carried dirt, gravel and rocks formerly trapped in the ice. The breaking ice dam would have let loose a sound to rival a sonic This sediment was deposited all around the ice sheet, forming what is boom. The ground would have trembled like an earthquake as the lake now lakeshore. “W hat’s low was high and vice versa,” Alt says. "It’s a roared onto Rathdrum Prairie south of Sandpoint, Idaho, and then landscape turned inside out.” spilled into the much smaller Glacial Lake Columbia, which covered Another fascinating fact: W hen they grew, ice sheets pushed Coeur d’Alene Lake and the Spokane Valley. It would have been like mounds of rock and gravel in front of them, creating what are called the gunshot start of a race, downhill all the way to the Pacific Ocean. “moraines.” The hill at the southern end of Flathead Lake, which sep­ arates the Flathead and Mission valleys and now is traversed by U.S. Spokane to Grand Coulee Highway 93, is just such a glacial moraine. In Spokane, volcanic Downstream to the Ice Dam basalt rock joins the story. Glacial Lake Missoula filled The Clark Fork River flows northwest toward Thompson Falls and drained between 12,000 through the visual contradiction of Eddy Narrows. The narrow valley’s and 15,000 years ago; the walls are often barren rock — on which bighorn sheep precariously layers of lava that erupted perch — while its floor holds a lush layer of soil that nurtures thick hay- from vents in the earth near fields and nursery trees. The answer to this conundrum is that the fast- Moscow, Idaho, were laid moving waters, estimated at nearly sixty miles an hour here during down some fifteen million drainages, scrubbed the valley down to bedrock, while later, slower years ago. These layers blan­ flows deposited layers of sediment. keted most of eastern “The peak discharge through Eddy Narrows was approximately ten Washington and Oregon times the combined flow of all the rivers in the world,” Alt writes. “The with volcanic basalt, an drainages of Glacial Lake Missoula were thumping great occasions.” extremely hard rock that Still, it’s possible for us non-geologists to be blind to the cues around contracts into columns and us. I approach the state border alert for the open skyline that signals the chunks. These chunks are trench once traveled by the ice dam. But all I see is mountains and trees Spokane is built on a thick layer of volcanic basalt rock, much of which was washed easily plucked off by raging and then the silky surface of Lake Pend Oreille. My imagination simply away by floodwaters. Here the Spokane flood waters can’t conjure up an ice dam big enough to block the Clark Fork. Rh*. trickles W hile the Missoula

22 Winter 2001 Montanan Grand Coulee ►

floods carried off much of Spokane’s basalt, scoured black knobs remain scattered across the valley. And as the floodwaters rushed across the thick, windblown Palouse silt of eastern Washington toward the Columbia River Basin, they left islands of rich soil surrounded by bar­ ren basalt channels. These formations, called “channeled scablands,” were crucial to the geologic discovery of the Lake Missoula floods. In 1923, a University of Chicago geology professor named J Harlen Bretz posited an extraordinarily controversial theory: Eastern Washington’s scablands had been formed by torrential floodwaters. At the time, geologic wisdom held towering cliffs to my left, a broad expanse of valley, reservoir and more that all earth landscapes were cliffs to my right, and read Alt’s book: “Grand Coulee was probably a formed by slow uniform process­ perfectly ordinary stream valley until it began taking the routine over­ es, such as erosion, and never by flow from Glacial Lake Columbia and occasional torrents of floodwa- catastrophic forces. Bretz’s theo­ ter.” I looked up at the vastness of Grand Coulee. This, an ordinary ry earned him the scorn and stream valley? From then on, my trip was tinged with awe. ridicule of the mainstream geo­ About an hour and a half west of Spokane, Grand Coulee is a broad, logical community. approximately thirty-mile-long canyon carved out of the basalt of the I can almost understand. All upper Columbia River basin. A boater’s paradise of lakes and sleepy my advance reading couldn’t resort towns, the coulee is deeply etched into an arid landscape of prepare me for the incredible wheat fields and sagebrush prairie. In the early 1900s, farmers dreamed flood features that lay along the of irrigating their crops with the river water but had no good way to highways and back roads ahead haul it up the steep canyon walls. W ith Work Progress Administrative of me. I was halfway down funding, construction began on Grand Coulee Dam in 1933. By the Grand Coulee when the size and Second World War, the dam was pumping water as well as vast amounts impact of these floods began to of electricity to the surrounding region. really hit me. Grand Coulee Dam is one of a series of dams that generate electric­ I sat in my car at a pullout, ity and controversy along the Columbia River. The dams’ benefits to

Park Service Plan Could Create National Trail

f a National Park Service report currently before Congress is study-team member and executive director of The Nature Center at approved, Glacial Lake Missoula and its floods soon will become Fort Missoula. The UM-affiliated center currently offers Glacial known as one of the region’s most important narratives. Lake Missoula exhibits and will be a key player in any local visitor I center. “We want it to be cutting-edge,” she says. The Ice Age Floods Study of Alternatives and Environmental Assessment suggests establishing a national geologic trail — similar Other members of the study team, which has evolved into a in concept to the Lewis and Clark Trail or the Oregon Trail ggj chapter of the nonprofit Ice Age Floods Institute, include represen­ along the floods’ pathways. The report envisions interpretive visitor tatives of the U.S. Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, centers in Missoula and other locations in the four states along the the Missoula Chamber of Commerce and the Convention and Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail, as well as highway signs Visitors Bureau. Team co-chair and CVB committee member Larry and wayside exhibits. Lambert points to the economic boon the project could provide. Members of the local study team that helped create the park ser­ “The potential economic and tourism impacts are huge,” says vice report excitedly list the possibilities of a Missoula interpretive Lambert, who manages Ruby’s Inn in Missoula. “Instead of people center, an interactive scale model of the entire lake and floods ter­ going from Missoula to Spokane via 1-90, maybe we can send them rain; a theater recreating the experience of the floods; natural his­ to Poison and Plains and Thompson Falls. Maybe also they’ll stay a tory exhibits of flora and fauna that existed at the time (which little longer or come back.” included mastodons, giant bison and beavers the size of grizzly The Ice Age Floods Study is available at the Missoula Public bears); hands-on children’s exhibits; a gift shop; and concessions. Library, UM’s Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library or online at “The fantasy is that Missoula could get its own interpretive cen­ www.nps.gov/iceagefloods. ter like the Lewis and Clark one in Great Falls,” says Janel Queen, ______

W inter 2001 M ontanan 23 ◄ Dry Falls was once five times bigger than Niagara Falls.

Coulee in size and features, Moses Coulee is oddly dry. After some head-scratching, Alt finally figured that the Columbia River and floodwa- ters ran through Moses Coulee until its northern end was blocked by a glacial moraine. The waters then the Northwest’s agriculture and economy are praised, their damaging changed course and created effects on salmon and American Indian traditions lamented. There are Grand Coulee. no easy answers. The next stop is Dry Falls, Moses Coulee to Dry Falls where the Missoula floods Just west of Grand Coulee, things start getting weird. Rocks the size gouged a huge hole in the of cars and pickups are strewn about the landscape. These alien boul­ earth. A t more than 350 feet ders are called erratics, and they were deposited by both the Missoula tall and three miles across, floods and the creeping ice sheet. Dry Falls at its peak was more Palouse Falls I’d seen pictures of the biggest alien, an ice-sheet souvenir called than five times the width of Yeager Rock. Driving west toward the small farming community of Niagara Falls, Alt says. The broadly scattered plunge pools below illus­ Mansfield, I round a bend and spontaneously blurt out, “Holy Moly.” trate how the immense floodwaters did not drop vertically like a tradi­ Pictures do not do this monster justice. It’s the size of a three-story tional waterfall, but sloped like an offramp. house, but much more solid. It dwarfs my car and everything else A small but excellent visitor center at Dry Falls pays homage to around it. Bretz with a dedication plaque that quotes him: “Ideas without prece­ Yet another twilight-zone scene is Moses Coulee, about ten miles dent are generally looked upon with disfavor and men are shocked if west and roughly parallel to Grand Coulee. Though similar to Grand their conceptions of an orderly world are challenged.”

Rood waters hacked up behind the bottleneck of WaHala Gap.

24 Winter 2001 M _ The Columbia Gorge was sculpted by Glacial Lake Missoula flood waters.

Palouse Falls W hen the wall of water reached Portland, it was a muddy, rumbling mass that would have submerged most of the city’s skyscrapers. Bretz’s vindication came years later at another big hole in the ground Portland’s most notable souvenir of the floods is Lake Oswego, a basin some three hours southeast of Dry Falls. One of his most vocal critics, a scoured out of basalt rock by the rushing waters. prominent geologist named James Gilluly, took one look at Palouse Falls Another flood remnant is the Bellevue Erratic, a sedan-sized rock and said of himself, “How could anyone have been so wrong?” that rafted in on an iceberg from the Rocky Mountains to just south­ The stream now flowing over Palouse Falk is minuscule next to the west of Portland near Sheridan. As I hiked up the short path to the plunge pool and canyon below it. These absurdly large features clearly small state park that surrounds the boulder, I met a man coming down were carved out by much bigger flows, and standing at the edge, I can who said, “It’s just odd enough to be worth it.” The rolling farmland see how the floods knocked out basalt columns like so many teeth. around the erratic contains an abundance of vineyards, pear trees and The floodwaters continued their charge south, following much the blackberry vines, evidence of the rich topsoil carried downstream from same path people take today Washington and Idaho. between Spokane and the Tri-Cities. But where most modem travelers take a The Final Stretch to shortcut from Kennewick to Astoria and Beyond Hermiston, the Columbia While creating a tempo­ River curves around through rary lake that stretched the a less direct route. The floods length of the Willamette took this roundabout, too, Valley to Eugene, Oregon, the only to be stopped short at a flood waters continued widen­ Tsagaglalal, or “She Who Watches,” Is an narrow space in the hills ing the Columbia Gorge west. American Indian petroglyph near The called Wallula Gap. This Dalles, Oregon. They dumped into the Pacific dramatic portal created a Ocean near Astoria, Oregon, vast, temporary lake that backed up the flow of the Snake River past leaving little evidence except Lewiston, Idaho. some stray Montana rocks found off the coast as far south The Columbia Gorge to Portland as San Francisco and even Beyond Wallula Gap, the floodwaters entered another tight spot. Santa Barbara, California. “Where they squeezed into the narrow bottleneck of the Columbia Each time the ice dam Gorge, the greatest floods were about 1,000 feet deep, about 500 feet broke, the race to the Pacific deep as they poured out the western end of the gorge into the Portland was over in about two days, a Valley,” Alt writes. “That steep gradient drove the floodwater through

the Columbia Gorge in a ferocious rush.” The waters shredded vast Multnomah Falls formed after ► amounts of the volcanic rock that lined the gorge, widening it into the a stream bed was sheared off by scenic landscape we know today. raging torrents. Winter 2001 Montanan 25 The flood waters reached the end of their journey near Astoria, Oregon.

wrecked landscape in its wake. The process repeated every fifty years or so. No one knows exactly how many floods there were, which is only R e s o u r c e s one of many Glacial Lake Missoula mysteries that remain to be unearthed. Geologists disagree on many aspects of the floods, and new Books Web Sites discoveries await future scientists. Glacial Lake National Park Service www.nps.gov/iceagefloods Back in Missoula, some teachers have integrated Glacial Lake Missoula and Its Missoula into their curricula. One is UM geography Professor Jeffrey Humongous Floods Ice Age Floods Institute By UM geology ivww.uidaho.edu/igs/iafi/iafihome.html Gritzner, who recently led a busload of twenty-seven Montana K-12 Professor Dave Alt schoolteachers along the floods’ path to Astoria. A summer institute of Mountain Press Visitor Centers the UM-based Montana Geographic Alliance, the program explored Publishing Co., 2001 (with exhibits related to Glacial Lake the geography and history of the Columbia River Basin, focusing on Fire, Faults & Floods: A Road & Missoula and the floods) the Missoula floods and the Lewis and Clark expedition, whose paths Trail Guide Exploring the Origins Farragut State Park often overlapped. The teachers went back to their classrooms prepared of the Columbia River Basin Visitor Center to share the wealth of knowledge with students. By Marge Mueller and UM graduate Athol, Idaho “They loved it,” Gritzner says. “I think that being the largest record­ Ted Mueller (Four miles east off of Idaho 95 between ed floods in history, there’s a bit of pride connected with it that we University of Idaho Press, 1997 Sandpoint and Coeur d'Alene) Montanans have had this amazing series of floods. They had a tremen­ Cataclysms on the Columbia www.idahoparks.org/parksAiuTaguLhtml dous impact on the landscape.” By John Eliot Allen and Marjorie (208) 683-2425 Bums with Sam C. Sargent During my journey west, I noticed a thread of awareness about Dry Falls Interpretive Center Timber Press, 1986 Glacial Lake Missoula and the floods. They were mentioned at inter­ Sun Lakes State Park pretive signs and in visitor centers at Lake Pend Oreille, Grand Coulee Videos Coulee City, Washington (Two miles south of US. Highway 2 on Dam, Dry Falls, the Columbia Gorge and the Willamette Valley. The Great Floods: Washington 17) A t Multnomah Falls, a popular tourist stop and flood remnant just Cataclysms of the Ice Age www.parks.wa.gov Washington State University in coop­ east of Portland, an Army Corps of Engineers handout describes (509) 632-5214 Glacial Lake Missoula, asking: “Did you know the largest floods to eration with the National Park Service occur on the planet happened here?” www.nps.gov/laroAiwia.htm Columbia Gorge In these challenging times, this is something I can hang on to. If I Ice Age Flood: Catastrophic Interpretive Center take any lesson from the incredible story of Glacial Lake Missoula, I Transformation of the West Stevenson,Washington (On Washington 14, across the Bridge of hope it is the recognition that in the grand scheme of things, my life Oregon Public Broadcasting (888) 293-1982 the Gods from Oregon's Interstate 84) and my problems are wonderfully insignificant. ^ www.columbiagorge.org Sculpted by Floods (800)991-2338 KSPS, Spokane Public Television Pada Stephens is a uniter, editor and Web designer for University www.friendsofceven.org/vidlist.asp Relations. She loves her job because it allows her to indulge her obsessions.

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I Mission Bay Wildlife Preserve S . ^Bie^ountau^kntesor^ ALUMNI ASSOCIATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS UMAA Celebrates 100th by B ill J o h n sto n in annual dues. We continue to operate your associa­ President Executive D irecto r, U M A A tion through your generous support as dues payers. John C. Wertz ’61 W hat was started in 1901 continues today. Arlington, Va. W ith the many events happening around the President-elect country today it is important to take a few Our association is much larger in scope than the Joseph R. Whittinghill ’89 minutes to remind ourselves about what is founders originally envisioned. We have not, however, Seattle strayed from the original thought of bringing former Vice President important in our lives. For us in alumni relations, the students together to support the University. Today, we R. Michael W. Higgs ’76 many friendships developed over the years with former Eagan, Minn. students continue to have more than 67,000 alumni representing all fifty Past President make our jobs states and foreign countries. We have 27,600 alumni Don E. Nicholson ’56 living in Montana with more than 8,700 alumni living Missoula rewarding and ful­ within one hundred miles of Missoula. Support from Board of Directors filling. Perhaps we Dick W. Barr ’66 have met you at an the dues program has grown from $2.50 in 1901 after Ennis association-spon­ the first meeting to more than $30,000 when I started Charles H. Bultmann ’66 as executive director of the association in 1988. Today, Colieyville, Texas sored event in your the money raised through our dues program exceeds Robert M. Carlson ’76, ’79 community, at a Butte class reunion during $100,000. This money supports our programs at Lisette F. Carter ’90 Homecoming or Homecoming, Charter Day and Commencement. In Spokane, Wash. addition, events held in your communities and the Janet Fowler Dargitz ’57 Commencement, or State College, Pa. perhaps you have International Travel programs are supported through Kelly W. Elder ’92, ’01 Bill Johnston traveled with us on the dues program. More than 20 per cent of our alumni Lewistown an international trip. It has always been and it will support the University through gifts to the UM Leif Bart Erickson ’64, ’67 Foundation. This number is higher than the national Missoula continue to be an honor to work with the many people Russell M. Hatch ’79 who make up the UM Alumni Association. average. Mobridge, S.D. And now it is time to celebrate. The Alumni So it is, indeed, a time to celebrate. Please celebrate James Kolokotrones ’86 your connections, love and support of our University Daly City, Calif. Association has reached its centennial year. In 1901, through participation in the Alumni Association pro­ Donalee Beary LaBar ’65 students gathered to form a group to promote the gen­ Great Falls eral welfare of its members and encourage intellectual grams. Return to campus for your class reunion, join Tiffany Gribble Madden '86 and social interaction among them. This early start, the association as a dues payer, or attend the next gath­ Billings ering in your area. We have much to celebrate and Barbara Lee Poilem ’61 three years after UM’s first graduating class of 1898, El Cajon, Calif. means that we are one of the oldest associations in the much to be thankful for. You are The University of Tracey Lee Reich ’86 Northwest. The original association was a dues-paying Montana Alumni Association. Get Involved ... Stay Chandler, Ariz. organization; the first members paid twenty-five cents Involved. Robert J. Seim ’59 Missoula Jason Thielman ’99 Helena Mary Ellen Cawley Turmell ’64 2001 Community Service Awards Presented Rolling Hills Estates, Calif. he University of Montana Emily Hazelton Wells ’92 Jim and Patty Murphy from Billings Portland, Ore. Alumni Association and UM at the October 27 game; Doug and Athletics honored twelve Tammy Mason from Corvallis and MontanansT with Community ALUMNI OFFICE William and Peggy Kayser from Bill Johnston ’79, ’91 Service Awards at Grizzly halftime Bozeman at the November 10 game. Executive Director ceremonies this fall. Butte residents These awards are sponsored by the Brandy Hall Tom and Carol McElwain and Mike University and honor the recipients’ The University of Montana Missoula, M T 59812-7920 and Karen O’Neill were honored at dedicated service to UM and to 406-243-5211 the September 22 game. Ted and their hometown communities. 1-800-862-5862 Patsy Lympus from Kalispell were [email protected] The O’Neills and McElwains receive www.umt.edu/alumni honored at the September 29 game; congratulations from Bill Johnston. 28 Winter 2001 Montanan Nancy and Paul Caine hosted the San Diego Bill Johnston and Myfca Schwanke pour beverages Charger tailgate. at the Flagstaff tailgate.

H a v e S u it c a s e - W il l T a il g a t e by Betsy H olm quist Griz fans across the country wait for her invi­ tations. Jodi’s Rolodex lists caterers, porta M artha Stewart — listen up. We’ve potty dealers, beverage and brats vendors, got a party giver who puts you and tent suppliers, barricade and security compa­ your entire staff to shame. UMAA’s nies, alumni directors and the best of UM Jodi Johnson Moreau throws tailgates. Not alumni volunteers. your theme-picnic-off-the-back-of-a-station- “None of it would work,” Jodi admits, Jodi takes to Hawaii’s skies before heading home. wagon tailgate. Jodi throws tailgates for hun- “without my incredible volunteers.” Even dreds, for thousands, for people she doesn’t before the Griz season began this fall, alumni though, that Jodi did find time for a bit of even know — weekend after weekend, in Nancy and Paul Caine and Barbara Lee para-sailing before heading back to the States. places she’s never been. Tailgates where Pollem helped plan and host pre- and post­ She’s since done her magic in tables and chairs may arrive from fifty miles game tailgates for a San Diego Charger foot­ Sacramento, Hagstaff, Pocatello and in one direction, kegs of beer and tanks of ball game. Former Griz great Dave Bozeman. Alumni volunteers have included helium from the other direction, and guests Dickenson, now a quarterback for the Jane Dennison, Howard and Marcia Hansen, from thousands of miles in all directions. She Chargers, and his brother, Chargers assistant Dori and Erik Johnston, Kim and Tom Lewis, holds tailgates in the rain and snow, deep in coach Craig Dickenson, were special guests. Doug Miller, Kathy O ’Day, Denise Person enemy territory and in sports bars elbow to The following weekend Jodi repacked her and hosts for the sixty-plus Griz-Cat satellite elbow with the fiercest of foe. Jodi’s got a bag suitcases and set off for San Luis Obispo. TV parties held across the country on full of Martha-tricks, too: bottles of hand san­ There alumni Stan and Fay Danielson, Phil November 17. “It’s gonna be cake if we go to itizer, fanny packs, a cell phone programmed Doty, Rod MacKenzie, Mark Neill and Chattanooga this year,” Jodi promises. She with local numbers, staples, nails, scissors, Sterling Wetzsteon helped with a tailgate fea­ did that tailgate last year and has her lists tape, ribbon, extra trash can liners, film, toi­ turing barbecue and lots of Griz wear. Then already updated should the Griz require her let paper. Her two sixty-pound suitcases come came Hawaii. “Logistics and ‘Hawaiian time’ party skills come December. jammed with banners, pompoms, pennants, aside, it was a great party,” Jodi relates, as Eat your heart out, Martha. And ... tablecloths, balloons and fashionable Griz more than 1,500 sun-tanned fans tailgated on should you ever need help with a really big- wear, all in perfectly matched maroon and Maui. “Fabulous, the people were fabulous,” time, maroon and silver, Griz-style party — silver. She’s a one-woman party animal and Jodi says, “but I was so tired!” Photos show, you just might want to give our gal a call.

A l u m n i E v e n t s

" \ A / h a t a nice surprise for us and our January 2002 March 2002 V V friends to find the Griz colors flying at the Sac State game! Your staff 5-18 International Travel 1 Alumni Event, Palm Desert, CA and volunteers were terrific. We bumped Panama Canal Cruise 3 Alumni Golf, San Francisco into old friends, made new ones and had February 2002 9-17 International Travel a great time. Thank you so much for the Las Vegas Amazon River time and work you spend on organizing 9 Alumni Event, these tailgates. Efforts such as these are 14 Charter Day, Missoula April 2002 why so many people are so proud to say TBA Community Lecture 13 Alumni Event, Western Penn. they are UM Grizzlies. Keep up the good Series, Missoula work! Thank you again." Rob and Jen Turner Proud Griz Alumni For more information on these events, call the UM Alumni Association: Dayton, Nevada 1-800-862-5862

Winter 2001 M ontanan 29 m m M i w l

E. D. Bob Merrill ’52 Stagg ’55, Kostdic *54, R. Hoyem '54, G. Hoyem ’50

Class Notes are compiled by Betsy Brown Wyo., and for 14 years at KULR-TV in Billings, Fort Benton in 1860 via steamboat from St. Louis. It Holmquist ’67, M.A. ’83. Submit news to the The where he currently resides. later was housed in churches in Dillon and University of Montana Alumni Association, Joseph H. Small ’52 finished six years of mission­ Townsend. Don’s double harpsichord has been Brantly Hall, Missoula, MT 59812. You may fax ary activity as a Jesuit priest in East Africa — in played in Carnegie Hall and at Princeton your news to (406) 243-4467 or e-mail it to alum- Tanzania, Uganda, Sudan, Kenya and Ethiopia. University. George, Robert and Jeanne later trav­ [email protected]. Material in this issue reached Now a resident of Spokane, the reverend Small is eled to Missoula where they helped Joanna K. Lester our office by October 1, 2001. Please contact chaplain at Gonzaga Prep School. ’63 sort through her father, John Lester’s, extensive UMAA with all name and address updates at the book and music collection. “We even found a Kenneth B. Card, M.A. ’55, received the above address or phone 1-800-862-5862. Puccini autographed copy of “Madame Butterfly,” Benedict J. Surwill Lifetime Achievement Award George said, “all 360 pages!” from the Montana State University College of Education and Human Services and the Benedict Eh/in T. Choong ’56 (deceased). The Louisiana Surwill family. The award honors individuals who State University Agricultural Center and School of # ’40s have dedicated their professional life to teaching Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries has established the and learning. Kenneth, a resident of Coeur d’Alene, Dr. Elvin T. Choong Endowed Lecture Series in The 60th reunion for the class of 1942 will be honor of the distinguished academic career of held on campus May 16-18, 2002. Idaho, earned his undergraduate degree in 1948 at MSU. Professor Choong. Adrian E. “Gene” Hirst Don T. Stagg ’55, '59, and classmates George A. ’42 has written “Chiefs Hoyem '50, Robert A. Hoyem ’54 and Jeanne Couture Pretty Eagle, Bellrock and Kostellc ’54 made beautiful music together this sum­ History,” a discussion of mer at Staggsonian, Don’s “Smithsonian of the # 60’s several not-so-well-known West" ranch near Blaine, Wash. Robert, a profes­ Patricia Krout Brunken events that occurred during sional musician and former UM Jubileer, had flown ’64 has written “Tough— the Indian Wars of the 19th from his home in Munich, Germany, to visit his No Matter What: The century. Contact Gene brother, George, a Seattle resident. They were Legacy of Leisa.” Patricia’s directly for purchase infor­ joined by Jeanne, also a former UM Jubileer, who story describes the family’s mation: P.O. Box 80864, traveled from her home in Salida, Colo., for the journey through her Billings, Mont. 59108. reunion. “After lunch,” Don writes, “we went to the daughter’s terminal illness. Patricia and her husband, Mary M. Farrington ’48, M.A. ’50, a 50-year res­ music room and sang our hearts out. Old musicians Norman Brunken '64, ident of Olympia, Wash., taught 31 years at Olympia never die, they just sing and play away.” Don’s music M.F.A. ’73, live in Helena. High School and served 16 years on the school room is like no other. His collection of keyboard board. The Olympia School District has established instruments consists of eight grand pianos, two Marjorie McGarry a scholarship for foreign language study in Mary’s clavichords, two pipe organs, a double harpsichord Appelman ’69, M.A. ’89 name for students at three area high schools. and 14 reed and electric organs. “There’s a keyboard and her husband, Fred D. in every room of my home,” he explains. Don’s other Appelman ’67, have collections include antique furniture, clocks, pearl moved to Yakota Air Force Base in Fussa City, handled silverware and music-related stories. The Japan, where Marj is teaching for the Department of ’50’s Johnson pipe organ shown in the photo arrived in Defense. Marj retired from Missoula’s Sentinel High The 50th reunion for the class of 1952 will be Iheld on campus May 16-18,2002. L D. Bob Merrill ’52 has become the 12th mem­ ber inducted into the Montana Broadcasters Association Hall of Fame. Bob began his broadcast career in 1953 while stationed at Beal Air Force Base, Calif. He later worked in Great Falls, Casper, m * Distinguished Alumni Awards Each year at Homecoming, The University of Montana Alumni Association honors outstanding alumni. Recipients of the Distinguished Alumni Awards are individuals who have distinguished themselves in a particular field and who have brought honor to the University, the state or the nation. The focus of this award is career achievement and/or service to The University of Montana. Up to six awards can be given annually.

All University alumni and friends are invited to nominate T-Shirts & Beer Stuff from a graduate or former student for this award. Please call Moose's Saloon in Montana! FREE color brochure available the Alumni Office at 406.243.5211 or 1.800.862.5862, Moostly Mooses . PO Box 668. KalispeH. Montana 59903 to request a nomination form. Nominations must be Phone: 1-406-755-6667 F a r 1-406-755-9391 web: http://www.montanaweb.com/mooses submitted by April 1st

30 Winter 2001 Montanan John T. McCuistion ’73 Marlene K. Hanson ’80 Tami K. Haaland ’82 Barton Lester Young ’84

School, where she had taught for 25 years. Fred develop quality lifestyles. Italian detainee at Fort retired after 29 years as director of the Missoula John T. McCuistion, M.F.A. 73, is an art profes­ Missoula during World Area Education Cooperative. Their son, Jake, is a sor at the University of Puget Sound. A former stu­ War II, Bert recently 2000 graduate of Montana State University. dent of Rudy Autio, John and his wife, Dorothy donated the carpentry McCuistion 73, reside in University Place, Wash. tools he used during Read about John and view his art on the Web at internment to the fort’s nwceramics.com. His work is available at museum. I ’70s Bainbridge Arts & Crafts and at his home gallery, by Marlene K. Hanson '80 Laurence J. Nash 71 retired after 27 years with appointment: [email protected]. teaches music at Glacier Mountain Bell, US West and Qwest. Larry current­ Randall T. Cox 76, an Gateway Elementary ly is director of Information Technology for the attorney and author in School in Columbia Falls. Daniels Fund. He and his wife,Cathy Haser Nash 72, Gillette, Wyo., published In July Marlene received and son, Thomas, live in Littleton, Colo. Their “Easements, Access & her Master of Arts degree daughter, Michelle, is a freshman at the University Eminent Domain: A in Music Education at the University of St. Thomas of Northern Colorado. Review of Wyoming Law” in St. Paul, Minn. Her thesis project is entitled “An Investigation on the Effects of Sequenced Kodaly James D. Keyser 72, by his Prairie Dog Press. Literacy-Based Music Instruction on the Spatial M.A. 74, a resident of L. Thomas Wlnfree, Reasoning Skills of Kindergarten Students.” Portland, Ore., has co­ Ph.D. 76, has co-authored authored “Plains Indian the second edition of his Bruce A. Carter, M.A. ’82, and Sheri Brownrigg Rock Art," published by textbook, “Contemporary were married May 20, 2001, in Ojai, Calif. Bruce is the University of Wash­ Corrections." A faculty an assistant director for NBC’s “Crossing Jordan.” ington Press. The book member at New Mexico Tami K. Haaland '82, M.A. ’85, is an assistant discusses rock art from State University in Las Cruces since 1987, Tom is a professor of creative writing at Montana State western Montana to the professor of criminal justice. He has written several University-Billings. Tami’s poetry collection, Black Hills and from other textbooks and more than 80 articles and book “Breath in Every Room,” won the Nicholas Roerich Calgary, Alberta, to Fort chapters. Prize from Story Line Press. She is scheduled to read Colllins, Colorado. Jim Deborah Doyle McWhinney 77 is president of the from her work at the Nicholas Roerich Museum in also has written “The Five Services for Investment Managers enterprise for New York in December. Crows Ledger: Biographic Warrior Art of the Schwab Institutional, a division of Charles Schwab Barton Lester Young ’84 was named Nevada Flathead Indians," “Indian Petroglyphs of the &. Co. Inc., in San Francisco. Business Man of the Year by President George W. Columbia Gorge: The Jeanne Hillis Rubbings" and Bush and the National Republican Committee. “Indian Rock A rt of the Columbia Plateau.” Barton is president and CEO of Barton Young & Alice Lyden Chumrau, M.Ed. 73, associate vice Associates, Inc., a full service securities firm based president for instructional programs at Salish # ’80s in Las Vegas. Kootenai College in Pablo, received a Montana Umberto Benedetti, M.Ed. ’80, has published his John V. Rember, M.F.A. ’87, associate professor Excellence in Leadership Award in recognition of sixth book, “I am Happy to Be in Montana." An of English at Albertson College in Caldwell, Idaho, helping students become assertive, professional and is director of the college honors program. Along with many magazine articles and stories, John has authored two collections of short fiction— ’’Cheerleaders from Gomorrah” and “Coyote in the Bringing MONTANA^ Big Sky Country Home Mountains.” William A. Squires, J .D. ’87, is senior vice presi- dent/general counsel with Blackfoot Telephone Cooperative, Inc., and affiliates in Missoula. Previously, Bill was in private law practice in Helena. He and his wife, Shirley, have two children, Tucker and Ashton.

Angela Meissner Spencer ’88, Michael S. Spencer ’88 and their children Zack, Cailin and Landon live in Spokane, Wash., where Mike is a pilot with the Washington Air National Guard and Alaska Airlines. Lance C. Clark '89 manages and serves on the board for the Platte County Resource District in Wheatland, Wyo., consults for the Wyoming Water Well Association and is a member of UM Alumni Association’s House of Delegates. ’90s Montana Websites, all in one place Laurie A. Jerin ’92, M.A. '95, received a Master www.oolinemontana.com of Public Affairs degree from the Robert M.

W inter 2001 M ontanan 31 cLASS NOTES

Dana K. Clader ’98

LaFollecte School of Public Affairs at the University ident of Mesa, Ariz., and mother of sons Jake and of Wisconsin, Madison, in August. Laurie plans to Cade, Anne admits to “missing Montana terribly!” N e w L if e M e m b e r s stay in the Madison area and work for the state of Mindy MacCarter Mangel '93 and Zac C Mangel Usette F. Carter ’90, Spokane, Wash. Wisconsin. ’94 announce the birth of their first child, Jacob Anne Lear Whitson ’92 works in land acquisition Watson, on June 19, 2001. The Mangels live in Michael J. Entry '69, Tokyo and development for KB Home Phoenix, Inc. A res- Minneapolis where for the past four years Mindy was Donald S. Hooper '63, Sioux Falls, S.D. a registered nurse at the University of Minnesota Rhonda L Ihde ’00, Laurel Hospital cardiac telemetry unit. Zac works in sales Duncan A. Peete '91, Billings for Pilot Air Freight, winning a trip to Bermuda this Larry B. Godwin, a former assistant profes­ Charles F. Rhodes '59, Naperville, 111. sor in UM’s School of Business, has written past May. Summers they return to their cabin on Steven R. Winslow ’86, Sammamish, Wash. “Surviving Our Parents’ Mistakes.” Published Wildhorse Island in Flathead Lake, “always making by Dimi Press. a stop to visit the UM campus for old time’s sake," Arieen G. Winslow ’87, Sammamish, Wash. The autobiogra­ Mindy writes. Milton 0. Wordal '56, Great Falls phy serves as a Mercedes Perez Davison '96 received her juris D. Lynn Spencer Wordal '57, Great Falls self-help book for doctorate degree in May from Washington adults who were University School of Law in St. Louis, and was neglected as chil­ selected to The Order of the Coif for academic I n M e m o r ia m dren. Larry resides excellence. in Missoula with Rick E. Pukls, M.S. ’97, is an assistant professor To be included in In Memoriam, the Alumni his wife, Cathy, of communications at Augusta State University, Association requires a newspaper obituary or a letter and daughter, Augusta, Ga. of notification from the immediate family. We Jenny. Dana K. Clader ’98, a Seattle resident, is province extend sympathy to the families of the following director of chapters for Kappa Kappa Gamma alumni, faculty and friends. Fraternity. Dana also is supervisor of golf customer Merle C “Mike” Gallagher '18, M.Ed. ’43, Billings service for Cutter and Buck, Inc., Seattle. Arthur L Mowatt '29, Deer Lodge

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32 Winter 2001 Montanan Change of Address ? Please call 1-800-862-5862 or send an e-mail to the Alumni Association at [email protected] for name and address changes or to stop receiving the Montanan.

Patricia Torrance Maxey '31, Helena Mike Mansfield ’33, M.A. ’34, Washington, D.C. Lewis L Coriell ’34, Medford, N.J. Plan now to attend Your Class Reunion! Una Greene Dougan '34, Cleveland Heights, Ohio Fred 0. Elsethagen ’35, Bellingham, Wash. - I X j p y Newell Gough, Jr., J.D. ’35, Helena Edward B. Bailey ’36, Kalispell C L A S S E S O F John Andrew Isaacson '36, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho Gilbert Hilde '37, Billings friends 1942 Donald L. Whitesitt '37, Columbia, Md. AND Raymond H. Scott '38, Pullman, Wash. could see i Corrinne Otoupalik Flckes '39, Arlee Stanley R. Ames '40, Great Falls 1952 Gordon B. Garrett '40, Great Falls M E now , r May 16-18,2002 Lloyd C Gass '40, M.Ed. ’48, Walnut Creek, Calif. Mary Helen Dratz Morrison '40, M.Ed. ’56, Missoula Sarah Jane Barclay Hanson '41, Sequim, Wash. CLASS REUNIONS Donovan Worden '41, LL.B. ’48, Missoula Lloyd R. “Bud” Allen 42, Missoula The University of Montana Alumni Association Barbara Boorman Longmaid ’42, Helena 406.243.5211 or 1.800.862.5862 Patricia MacHale Shoemaker 44, Spokane, Wash. George A. Santisteban '45, Seattle Watch your mail and UMAA website for details: www.umt.edu/alumni

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Central Reservations: 800 - 443-7777 Winter 2001 Montanan 33 cLASS NOTES

Harriet Pauius Scott '46, Seattle Clayton E. Ogle ’49, Helena Francis D. “Dick” Martin ’51, M.Ed. 76, Troy C.W. “Bill” Jones ’43, LL.B. ’48, Billings Jackquelyn Worthen Salter '49, Missoula Marian A. Murphy ’51, Issaquah, Wash. Sherman S. Cook ’49, Willits, Calif. Betty Lou Malunat Sharp ’49, Ventura, Calif. Kell P. Alderson ’52, M.Ed. '60, Centralia, Wash. Anne Hughes Georges ’49, Culbertson Grace E. Hanson Bouchard ’50, Missoula Norma Schrock Swanson ’51,’52, M.Ed. ’59, Missoula J.F. “Scotty” MacLeod ’49, Langley, Wash. Wayne W. McGaw'50, Townsend Leo Fisher, J.D. ’52, Whitefish Warren Fletcher Mead ’49, Sequim, Wash. Marcheta McMenomey Lerum '51, Missoula William M. Taliaferro '54, Helena

M o n t a n a n C l a s s if ie d s

Alumni Personals Purchase Backroads videos Publications A Montana State of Mind: You can take ENJOY HISTORY? Try Montana The Magazine a person out of Montana, but you can’t take the of Western History. Subscription $29/year or Montana out of a person. Advertise here to become a Society member, $60/year. meet quality, well-educated people or to find 1-800-243-9900/406-444^708. that long-lost gang from UM. Montanan alumni www.montanahistoricalsociety.org personals are the way to connect. Recreation Outfitters Gifts/Collectibles Retrace the Lewis & Clark Trail: Skandi Hus: Marketplace of fine CANOE, BIKE, HIKE & WHITEWATER online at www.montanapbs.org Scandinavian goods. Sweaters, clogs, trolls, RAFT the most pristine areas through Montana pewter, books, flags, wood carvings &. more. No Voluntary Subcriptions: We need all the & Idaho. Call 1-800-366-6246 for a free sales tax. (406) 777-4640, 227 Main Street, help we can get. Please send a $15 contribution brochure; www.trailadventures.com. Stevensville, MT 59870, www.skandihus.com to: The Montanan, University Relations, UM, Missoula, MT 59812 Services Made In Montana We staff homes, ranches, estates and private Montana Antique Mall: Four wonderful Montana s Finest resorts worldwide. Experienced and screened floors. Antiques, Collectibles; 35+ dealers. Open Coffees & 'leas nannies and baby nurses, personal assistants, 7 days, 331 Railroad, Missoula, MT (406) 721- Glacier Blend senior companions, house/estate/ranch/resort managers, chefs, groundskeepers — both brig­ 5366. Grizzly Blend and short-term — H eartland Caregiv ers, I nc. Montana Craft Connection, Inc. Western Evening in Missoula 800 866-6266 (www.heartlandcaregivers.com) Montana’s only Montana-made craft, local art Montana Gold Owned and operated by Montanans. Established and collectibles Mall. Local craftsmen - Montana 1984. gourmet foods. Buy Montanan! www.mtcraftcon- BUTTERFLY HERBS Custom Printing at Competitive Prices. Call nection.com; (406) 549-4486; 1806 South Ave. 232*1. HIGGINS AVE. • M ISSO lM , MT 59802 West, Missoula, MT 59801. Polar Printing ... when you want it done right toll free 888.728.8780 406.728.8780 the first time. (406) 542-2219, Missoula.

(Cut alone line) Classified Advertising Rates Regular classified ads, 20 word minimum. Boxed ads may contain logos or Call Lowell Hanson at (406) 728-3951 or send your ad to: Montanan, artwork, 2.187” (27/32”) width. Phone numbers, zip codes and street num­ University Relations, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812. bers count as one word each. All text submitted must be typed. Questions? Payment in the form of a check or money order must be received with ad.

M ontana C la s s ifie d A dver tisin g Regular Classified S ection (check one) S pace R eservation Fo rm 1- issue rate; $1.75 x _= $ ______d Alumni Personals no. of words Tool Name______2- issue rate; $1.50 x _x 2 = $______d Art/Music no. of words Total □ Gifts/Collectibles 3- issue rate; $1.25 x _x 3 = $______d Lodging/B&Bs/Rentak Company name (if applicable)______no, of words Total d Made in Montana Boxed Ads Address______d Miscellaneous 1- issue rate; $70/inch x ____ = $ ______LJ Publications City______State_____Zip______2- issue rate; $60/inch x ____ x 2 = $ ______d Real Estate d Recreation/Outfitters 3- issue rate; $50/ineh x ____ x 3 = $ ______1 Services Phone No. 1-----1______E-mail address______;______inches Total

3 4 Winter 2001 Montanan Thomas M. Campbell '55, Helena Robert R. Skelton. J.D. ’55, Missoula The University of Montana-Missoula Elvin T. Choong ’56, Baton Rouge, La. Howard Charles Challinor '59, Spokane Give your teenager a taste of college life! Frances Evelyn Saladen '59, Hamilton The Schwanke Summer Institute, sponsored by James R. Bulk '60, Ed.D. ’75, Helena Paul W. Drinkwater, M.Ed. ’60, Manchester, Iowa 1 ■ i l l I 111 l | | [\ 3 The Davidson Honors College, is designed to Charles Frederick Jordan ’60, Littleton, Colo. give high school juniors and seniors an exciting Viola Gleisner Wehr '60, Kalispell academic experience. Students choose from Helen Reed Bever '61, Fresno, Calif. among the following two-credit courses offered James R. Dubay, LL.B. ’63, Sante Fe, N.M. \ II II ] U James L Johnston ’63, Orofino, Idaho 1 , , 1 !, 1 !, i l J by three of UM’s outstanding faculty: Mary Ann Phillips Criswell '64, Lewistown ______“Relativity: From Qalileo to Einstein and Beyond, ” lone Brechbill McCormick '66, Stevensville I U l f l 114 Creative Writing, ” and “Islam and the West. ” W. Keith Christman 67, Butte I \ 1 1 1 J 1 4 Students will also hike in the Rattlesnake Virginia Grace Clinker ’67, Missoula 1 Kenneth W. Breon ’69, Missoula Wilderness area and picnic at Seeley Lake. Brian Ray Armitage '70, Ennis For more information, please call the DHC at Amy L. Dittmaier 71, Hamilton June 16-28, 2002 406.243.2541 or e-mail: [email protected] Robert D. Pembleton 73, Deer Lodge SCHOLARSHIPS AVAILABLE Application deadline: April 1,2002 Thomas John Vincent 74, Irondale, Ala. APPLY EARLY! Costs: (Subject to change) In-state students: $633 William W. “Bill” Morrison '82, Missoula Out-of-state students: $ 1, 199 Devin S. Fox '93, Ketchikan, Alaska Bradley D. Villnow, M.S. ’95, Missoula Paul Sifter '96, Somers Eari C. Lory, Missoula Manuel Antonia Machado, Jr., Missoula M ut Q )um io/icls BIRTHS a n d P e a r l s . Sophia Paulette Chase to Marcelle M. Davis '88 and John Chase, September 7, 2000, El Sobrante, Calif. Monica Elizabeth Wagner to Jodi L.Wagner '99 and Jeff Wagner, May 28, 2001, Pendleton, Ore. o h MY! Taylor Grace Shepherd to Craig A. Shepherd '84 and Wendy Shepherd, June 5, 2001, Helena Alexander David Wojciechowski to David T. Wojciechowski ’91 and Victoria Kreider Wojciechowski '91, June 26, 2001, Kalispell Bridget Anne Parker to Brian Parker ’82 and Rosemary Parker, June 29, 2001, Orlando, Fla. Nicholas Andrew Nelmes to Kathryn Kirkpatrick Nelmes *98 and Timothy A. Nelmes, July 3, 2001, Everett, Wash. Madeline Tommie Riley to Erin Baldwin ’96 and Scottie Riley '96, J.D. ’99, July 10, 2001, Atlanta, Ga. Matthew William Schwarz to Connie Kruger Featuring z t t t . Schwarz *90 and Tim Schwarz, July 24,2001, Seattle exceptional diamonds 1 ^ JEWELRY Kaleb Ryan Vestal to Kyla Kinghorn Vestal '97 and Montana's premier Yogo sapphires DESIGN and Ryan E. Vestal *94, M.A. *95, September 20, 2001, Billings set in simple, yet dramatic, handcrafted designs. 406-721-1575 211 NORTH HIGGINS. DOWNTOWN MISSOULA BARNEYJETTEJEWELRY.COM

W inter 2001 M ontanan 3 5 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Ah, the power of music ... thank you for years of selfless service to the people of just fine. The next class I was handed back a your inspiring story about Esther England, a Montana and the art of singing. paper with no mark other than the big, red F remarkable lady. I’m listening to “Fragile” by Best regards, at the top of the page. I was shocked and Sting as I try to process this week’s tragedy in Gordon J. Johnson immediately went to see Dr. King. Much to Music Director and Conductor, Great Falls Symphony New York. my surprise, he laughed and said it was not Sincerely, an F, but wanted to see if I would come in Cathy Teague Reitmeyer ’76 I read the article, “Teachers Who Change Lives,” [in the Fall 2000 Montanan] and I feel and talk. We went through the paper and The following was sent to Esther England, with ace to the I must tell of the people at UM who changed had an excellent time talking and getting to Montanan. my life. know one another. He simply wanted to Dear Esther, Here is my list of teachers who made a make a connection and show me that I could Congratulations on your feature in the difference: Bob Hausmann, Dick Adler and do better work. new Montanan magazine! It is so gratifying to Walter King. I have a great story about Dr. I became a frequent visitor to his office. see you receive the recognition you so justly King. I was a senior with more hours than That made a huge impression on me and I deserve. I thought the article was well writ­ one could imagine in Dr. King’s Shakespeare will never forget Dr. King for his caring. I ten, interesting and shared with we readers a class. I knew my way around college as I had thank all the above professors and know I colorful picture of your devotion to people been to three schools prior to UM, so when would not have become a teacher had it not and to music. he assigned our first paper I was confident I been for their kindness, support and caring. Sincerely, On'Behalf of your friends in Great Falls, could do the work satisfactorily. I knew it was Pat Darbro ’77 congratulations and many thanks for your not A work, but I figured a B or a C would be English instructor, Bozeman High School celebrate

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36 Winter 2001 Montanan I Now taking applications for our u-week Summer Intensive, Junej-A ugust 16,2002,in Missoula, Montana. For a catalog of all our programs and digital workshops, Evening in the Bob M arshall Wilderness / Limited edition print 0 2 0 0 0 Monte Dolack call800-394-76770rvisitwww.rmsp.com.

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New Professorships Expand Expertise in EVST and Journalism

wo professorships — one honoring a former professor and the Tom Roy, director of environmental studies, says the professorship other memorializing an alumnus — are being created at the will improve the quality of his program, which, to the best of his UM Foundation, reflecting a University fund-raising priority knowledge, is the only graduate program in the country with an envi­ forT endowed faculty positions. ronmental writing emphasis. For that, he says, the program is indebt­ The William Kittredge Distinguished Writing Professorship honors ed to Kittredge: “We wouldn’t have the emphasis we have without the long-time professor of English and creative writing for which it is Bill embracing our students and what we’re doing in teaching envi­ named. The T. Anthony Pollner Distinguished Professorship in ronmental and nature writing.” Journalism memorializes a 1999 journalism graduate who died in a Kittredge was a UM professor from 1969 until his retirement in motorcycle accident in England last May. 1997, teaching and mentoring scores of students in creative writing Major funding for the Kittredge professorship is a gift of the and environmental studies, all the while advancing his reputation as Charles Engelhard Foundation; the UM Foundation is seeking match­ one of a new breed of western writers and stacking up campus,'region­ ing funds of $750,(XX) to fully endow the position. Until the professor­ al and national awards including the Charles Frankel Prize in the Humanities. His most recent work, The Nature of Generosity, is a book-length essay pointing out social and environmental problems and suggesting solutions. His essays and short stories have appeared in several national magazines and he is the author of The Van Gogh Field, which won the St. Lawrence Fiction Prize, We Are Not in This Together, Owning It All and Hole in the Sky. He is well known for his collaboration with Annick Smith in editing The Last Best Place, an anthology of Montana writings. In selecting the Environmental Studies Program as center for the Kittredge Professorship, the Engelhard Foundation intends to show Kittredge’s value to the University and to recognize him for his more recent work as a personal essayist, rather than a fiction writer. “Bill Kittredge’s stature as a regional western writer who encour­ ages society to take responsibility for inhumanity and injustice further enhances what we attempt to instill in our students,” Roy says. “Through this professorship, we want people to understand that we’re honoring Bill Kittredge, the person whose values are so similar to those of our students, as well as Bill Kittredge, the writer. We intend for those who work with the Kittredge professor to benefit in ways their predecessors benefited from working with Professor Kittredge himself: by becoming better writers and more complete persons.” For many years, the Engelhard Foundation has been a generous supporter of a number of UM academic programs, including: the ship is fully endowed, the Engelhard money will provide funding for Creative Writing Program’s A.B. Guthrie Fund and Charles an eminent writer to teach classes in environmental and nature writ­ Engelhard Foundation Creative Writing Fund, the Department of ing for one semester a year as part of the Environmental Studies Economics, the School of Forestry, the Mansfield Library and the Program’s environmental writing component. Matching funds will be Excellence Fund. used to hire a writer to conduct classes in creative writing. Ultimately, The UM Foundation welcomes contributions to the fund from the Kittredge professor will be a full-year appointment, divided Kittredge’s former students and the many admirers of his work. It is between the Environmental Studies and Creative Writing Programs. hoped the first Kittredge professor will be on campus in the 2002-03 Kittredge calls the professorship in his name “terrific for writers and year. the University and a great way for the tradition of nurturing western The School of Journalism has hired Jonathan Weber as the inau­ writers to continue.” gural Pollner professor. He is founding editor of The Industry Standard, 38 Winter 2001 Montanan ing the fall semester after he earned his degree in 1999 to be the stu­ dent newspaper’s Webmaster because he had felt the Web page didn’t do the Kaimin justice. He revamped the page and had it up by 7 each morning. “That was typical of Anthony’s level of commitment,” she says. “When he got something in mind, he did whatever it took to make that happen.” For the Pollner professor, the J-School sought someone whose characteristics and values are similar to those of the man for whom it is named: a thorough, careful journalist who is passionate about the craft. The document describing the professorship designates: “the pro­ fessor’s objectives will include encouraging the students to develop a number of qualities that Anthony, a highly-spirited young man, exhibited during his time studying at the school working at the Kaimin. These qualities include relentless inquisitiveness and determi­ nation, a respectful irreverence, a sense of playfulness, a love of adventure and a dedication to quality.” Weber fulfills the requirement. Because it will be a new person each year, the Pollner professor­ ship will bring a wealth of professional experience to the school. Van Valkenburg also hopes the endowment will increase the UM school’s exposure to other professional journalists by showing them the high quality of the Montana J-School. “Anthony loved this school,” Van Valkenburg says. “After he vis­ Anthony Pollner ited here as a high school student, he lost interest in other journalism schools. We want to keep his memory alive here” through the profes­ the highly regarded weekly business magazine that covered the Internet sor’s work with students and especially in the public lectures. economy from 1998 until August 2001. As the Pollner professor, he will Pollner had talked of one day using his training in journalism to teach, mentor the Montana Kaimin staff and give a public lecture. create an online magazine, Van Valkenburg says. A t the time of his The Pollner professorship, the first endowed position in the School death on May 12 at age 25, Pollner was a derivatives trader for Taurus of Journalism, is being created by gifts from his family, business associ­ Petroleum, a family business. ates of his family and friends. Because the Kaimin was such an important part of Pollner’s UM experience, his family has specified that the Pollner professor be charged with developing the newspaper and students working on it. S e v e n A l u m n i E le c te d to Journalism Professor Carol Van Valkenburg knew Pollner well F o u n d a t io n B o a r d through his work on the Kaimin. She tells the story of Pollner return- even new members of the UM Foundation board of trustees Swere elected at the 51st annual meeting during Homecoming. Their election to three-year terms brings the board to its full M o n t a n a T a x p a y e r s forty members. They are: hanges coming^h^the M ontart^^burneruT^Crejihtii^ C2002 m akem is^ear youjc la^r.b^t'chan^dbridnjgjnost Ronald D. Coleman ’68, McLean, Virginia favorable b e n e f^ ^ llo w e ^ ^ h ^ la w . If you, as an individual,, Robert L. Crippen ’65, Butte are thinking ofa'plannqagin: to an endowment at UM orif^t; Marilyn Brown Dickey ’67, Seattle you, as a partnership o^corporatipni are thinking; of an t^ i g h r A. Clifford Edwards ’74, Billings gift tp an^JnddWment, tax advantages^vill be best if Wilmer A. Mitchell Jr. ’50, Miles City before year^end. Consult your-fjnancial advisers a r^ ^ e T JM Jean’ne M. Shreeve ’53, Moscow, Idaho Foupd^tibn at (40$) 243«2593 to learn how the ta^trfcdjx can Mickey Cummings Sogard ’68, Poison worfe4of,.fou and for the students' of VJM.

Winter 2001 Montanan 3 9 DO YOU HAVE APPRECIATED STOCK?

Lik e Virg in ia Yo u n g Vin a l ’48 o f H a m i l t o n , p e r h a p s y o u ’d

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Can you use more income? Gini was receiving paym ents from the planned gifts s h e a n d h e r la te h u s b a n d h a d e s ta b lis h e d w ith U M Foundation, but after Dean’s death, Gini felt she needed m ore income. H er adviser pointed out that exchanging her stock for a charitable gift annuity would give her additional, g u a ra n te ed in c o m e .

U s i n g appreciated s t o c k f o r W o u l d y o u l i k e t o m a k e A CHARITABLE GIFT ANNUITY A GIFT BUT, AREN’T SURE CAN OFFER MANY BENEFITS: YOU CAN AFFORD IT?

Guaranteed payments, likely more than Because the Vinals both earned UM degrees in stocks would provide music and taught music at Hamilton High School,

the University’s music department is very important ► An immediate charitable deduction to Gini. By using stock to fund a gift annuity, she No wonder Gini says: can plan a fu tu re gift for music scholarships ► Avoidance of capital gain on the gift without sacrificing income. Gini receives guaranteed payments for life and can concentrate ► A future gift to support UM on things other than the stock market—like playing in the Missoula Symphony and marching with the ► For Montana taxpayers, a qualified state

2001 Homecoming UM Alumni Band. tax credit up to $10,000 for a gift to an endowment

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800- 888-2723 Monday through Friday, 7 am 4 pm MT Enroll online at http://montgna.collegeegvinga.com 'For distributions after 12/31/01 © 2001 College Savings Bank, member FOIC. All rights reserved. College Savings Bank Is program manager and account depository for the Montana Family Education Savings Program. Mailing address PO Box 1 7-10 Helena. Montana 59624. CollegeSure* CD is a unique investment product the creation and origination of which is covered by one or more patents owned by College Savings Bank The CollegeSure CD is indewtri» a measure of tuition, fees, room and board at independent colleges and universities. Substantial penalty for early withdrawal. Not insured by the state of Montana. Neither the principal invested nor the mvettma return is guaranteed by the state of Montana. Read the Offering Circular carefully before you invest or send money.

The University of Montana Non-Profit PAID A11ison—Bunnell* Jodi The I Jniversity of Montana MONTANAN Mansfield Library 315 Brandy Hall MLI3 133 Missoula, MT 59812-1301 RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED 9936